1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 33# 34# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38# 39# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45# 46# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 47# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 48# 49# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 50# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 51# 52# Other sources occasionally used include: 53# 54# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 55# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 56# which I found in the UCLA library. 57# 58# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 59# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 60# [PDF] (1914-03) 61# 62# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 63# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 64# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 65# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 66# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 67# 68# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 69# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 70# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 71# The full Russian citation is: 72# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ���������� 73# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-���� 74# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������: 75# �������������� ������. ������., 1919. 76# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 77# 78# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO), 79# History of Summer Time 80# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 81# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 82# 83# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 84# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, 85# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! 86# std dst 2dst 87# LMT Local Mean Time 88# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 89# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 90# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 91# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 92# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937) 93# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 94# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 95# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) 96# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* 97# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 98# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow 99 100# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 101# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 102# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 103# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 104# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 105# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 106# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 107# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 108# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 109# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 110# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 111# ... 112# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 113# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 114# ... 115# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 116# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 117# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 118# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 119# in the Directive. 120 121 122############################################################################### 123 124# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 125 126# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 127# 128# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 129# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 130# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 131# of the text said: 132# 133# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 134# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 135# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 136# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 137# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 138# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 139# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 140# 141# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 142# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 143# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 144# 145# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 146 147# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 148# 149# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 150# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 151# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 152# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 153# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 154# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 155# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 156# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 157# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 158# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 159# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 160# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 161# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 162# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 163# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 164# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 165# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 166# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 167# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 168# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 169# 170# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 171# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 172# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 173 174# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 175# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 176# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 177# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 178# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 179# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 180# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 181# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 182# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 183# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 184# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 185# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 186# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 187# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 188# 189# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 190# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 191# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 192# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 193# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 194# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 195# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 196# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 197# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 198# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 199# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 200# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 201# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 202# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 203# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 204 205# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 206# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 207# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 208# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 209# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 210# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 211# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 212# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 213# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 214 215# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 216# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 217# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 218# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 219# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 220# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 221# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 222# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 223 224# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 225# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 226# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 227 228# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 229# From: Jonathan Leffler 230# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 231# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 232# politics making a fortune, not computing. 233 234# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 235# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 236# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 237# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 238# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 239 240# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 241# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 242# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 243# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 244 245# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 246# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 247# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 248# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 249# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 250# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 251# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 252# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 253 254# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 255# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 256# which is to be introduced in May.... 257# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 258# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 259 260# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 261# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 262# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 263# so we use 'BDST'. 264 265# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 266# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 267# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 268# and extending this list, which can be found in 269# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 270 271# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 272# 273# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 274# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 275# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 276# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 277 278# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 279# 280# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 281# 282# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 283# are incorrect: 284# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 285# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 286# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 287# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 288# It actually just had one transition. 289# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 290# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 291# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 292# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 293# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 294# 295# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 296# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 297# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 298# conform with Great Britain. 299# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 300# 301# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 302# we'll ignore it for now. 303# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 304# 305# 306# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 307# Shanks & Pottenger. 308# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 309# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 310# to London. For example: 311# 312# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 313# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 314 315# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 316# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 317# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn F��in) camp'. She claimed 318# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 319# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 320# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 321# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 322 323# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 324# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 325# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 326# 327# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 328# 329# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 330# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 331# 332# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 333# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 334# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 335# 336# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 337# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 338# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 339# 340# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 341# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 342# 343# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 344# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 345# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 346# 347# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 348# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 349# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 350# being GMT+1.) 351 352# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 353# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 354# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 355# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 356# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 357# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 358# and Frethun run in CT. 359# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 360# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 361# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 362# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 363# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 364# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 365 366# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 367# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 368# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 369# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 370# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 371# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 372# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 373 374# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 375# Summer Time Act, 1916 376Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 377Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 378# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 379Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 381# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 382Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 383Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 384# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 385Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 386Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 387# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 388Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 389# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 390Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 391# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 392Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 393Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 394# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 395Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 396Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 397# The Summer Time Act, 1922 398Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 399Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 400Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 401Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 402# The Summer Time Act, 1925 403Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 404Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 405Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 406Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 407Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 408Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 409Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 410Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 411Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 412Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 413Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 415Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 416# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 417Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 418# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 419Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 420Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 421# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 422Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 423# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 424Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 425# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 426Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 427Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 428# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 429Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 430Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 431# The Summer Time Act, 1947 432Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 433Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 434Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 435Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 436# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 437Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 438Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 439# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 440Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 441Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 442# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 443# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 444# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 445Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 446Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 447# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 448Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 449Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 450Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 451Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 452Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 453Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 454Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 455# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 456# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 457# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 458Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 459Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 460# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 461# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 462# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 463Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 464# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 465Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 466# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 467# (no summer time) 468# The Summer Time Act, 1972 469Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 470Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 471# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 472# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 473# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 474# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 475Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 476Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 477# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 478# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 479# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 480Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 481# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 482# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 483# 484# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 485 486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 487Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 488 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 489 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 490 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 491 0:00 EU GMT/BST 492Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 493Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 494Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 495 496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 498 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 499 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 500 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 501 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 502 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 503 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 504 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 505 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 506 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 507 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 508 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 509 0:00 EU GMT/IST 510 511############################################################################### 512 513# Europe 514 515# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 516# Common Market, etc. 517 518# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 519Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 520Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 521Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 522Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 523Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 524Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 525# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 526# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 527# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 528# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 529 530# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 531Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 532Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 533Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 534Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 535Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 536Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 537 538# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 539# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 540Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 541Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 542Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 543Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 544Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 545Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 546Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 547Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 548Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 549# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 550Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 551# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 552# 553# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 554# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 555# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 556# tz database itself, as seen below: 557# 558# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 559# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 560# 561# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 562# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 563# 564# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 565# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 566# 567# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 568# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 569# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 570# 571# The rule line to be changed is: 572# 573# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 574# 575# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 576# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 577# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 578# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 579# CET and MET: 580# 581# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 582# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 583# 584# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 585# 586# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 587# 588# A small step for mankind though 8-) 589Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 590Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 591Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 592Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 593Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 594Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 595Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 596 597# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 598Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 599Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 600Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 601Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 602Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 603Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 604 605 606# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 607# 608# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 609 610# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 611Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 612# 613# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 614Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 615# 616# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 617Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 618Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 619# 620# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 621Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 622# 623Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 624Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 625# 626# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 627Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 628# 629# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 630Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 631# 632Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 633Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 634# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 635Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 636Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 637# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 638# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 639Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 640Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 641# 642Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 643# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 644 645# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 646# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 647# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 648# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 649# 650# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 651# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 652# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 653# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 654# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 655# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 656# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 657# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 658# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 659# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 660# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 661# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 662# rules (Moscow time) 663# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 664 665# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 666# Unamended version of the act of the 667# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 668# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 669# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 670# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 671# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 672 673# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 674# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 675# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 676# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 677# 678# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 679# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 680# 681# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 682# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 683 684# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 685# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 686# to be standard. 687 688# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 689 690# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 691Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 692Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 693Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 694Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 695 696# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 697# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 698 699# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 700# The official German names ... are 701# 702# Mitteleurop��ische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 703# Mitteleurop��ische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 704# 705# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ��ber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 706# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 707# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 708# 709# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 710# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 711# Postfach 3345 712# D-38023 Braunschweig 713# phone: +49 531 592-0 714# 715# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 716# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 717# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 718# 719# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 720# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 721 722 723# Albania 724# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 725Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 726Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 727Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 728Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 729Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 730Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 731Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 732Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 733Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 734Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 735Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 736Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 737Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 738Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 739Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 740Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 741Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 742Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 743Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 744Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 745Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 746Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 747Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 748Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 749Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 750# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 751Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 752 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 753 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 754 1:00 EU CE%sT 755 756# Andorra 757# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 758Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 759 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 760 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 761 1:00 EU CE%sT 762 763# Austria 764 765# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 766 767# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 768# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 769# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 770# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 771# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 772# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 773 774# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 775Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 776Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 777Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 778Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 779Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 780Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 781Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 785 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 786 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 787 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 788 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 789 1:00 - CET 1946 790 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 791 1:00 EU CE%sT 792 793# Belarus 794# 795# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 796# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 797# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 798# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 799# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 800# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 801# 802# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 803# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 804# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 805# 806# Sources (Russian language): 807# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 808# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 809# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 810# 811# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 812# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 813# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 814# 815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 816Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 817 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 818 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 819 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 820 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 821 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 822 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 823 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 824 3:00 - +03 825 826# Belgium 827# 828# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 829# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 830# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 831# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991 832# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 833# pp 8-9. 834# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 835# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 836# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 837# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 838# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 839# 840# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 841Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 842Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 843Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 844Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 845Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 846Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 847Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 848Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 849Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 850Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 851Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 852Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 853# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 854# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 855# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 856# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 857Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 858Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 859Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 860Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 861Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 862Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 863Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 864Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 865Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 866Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 867Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 868Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 869Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 870Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 871Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 872Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 873Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 874Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 875Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 876Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 877Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 878Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 879# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 880Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 881 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 882 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 883 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 884 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 885 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 886 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 887 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 888 1:00 EU CE%sT 889 890# Bosnia and Herzegovina 891# See Europe/Belgrade. 892 893# Bulgaria 894# 895# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 896# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 897# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 898# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 899# 900# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 901Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 902Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 903Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 904Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 905Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 906# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 907Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 908 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 909 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 910 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 911 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 912 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 913 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 914 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 915 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 916 2:00 EU EE%sT 917 918# Croatia 919# See Europe/Belgrade. 920 921# Cyprus 922# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 923 924# Czech Republic / Czechia 925# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 926Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 927Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 928Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 929Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 930Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 931Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 932Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 933# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 934Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 935 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 936 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 937 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 938 1:00 EU CE%sT 939# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 940 941# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 942 943# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 944# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 945# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 946# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 947# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 948# 949# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 950# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 951# 952# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 953# in subsequent decrees with the law 954# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 955# 956# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 957# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 958# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 959# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 960# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 961# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 962# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 963# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 964# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 965# was suspended on that night): 966# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 967 968# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 969# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 970# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 971 972# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 973# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 974# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 975 976# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 977Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 978Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 979Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 980Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 981Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 982Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 983Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 984Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 985Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 986Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 987Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 988# 989# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 990Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 991 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 992 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 993 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 994 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 995 1:00 EU CE%sT 996Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn 997 0:00 - WET 1981 998 0:00 EU WE%sT 999# 1000# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 1001# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 1002# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 1003# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 1004# 1005# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1006# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 1007# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 1008# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godth��b 1009# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 1010# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 1011 1012# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 1013# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 1014# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 1015# 1016# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 1017# is according to the following time line: 1018# 1019# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 1020# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 1021# Scoresbysund UTC-1 1022# Danmarkshavn UTC 1023# 1024# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 1025# introduced. 1026 1027# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 1028# 1029# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 1030# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 1031# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 1032# info from earlier correspondence.] 1033# 1034# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 1035# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 1036# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 1037# 1038# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1039# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1040# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1041# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1042# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1043# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1044# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1045# 1046# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1047# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godth��b). 1048# 1049# The rest of Greenland, including Godth��b (this area, although it 1050# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1051# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1052# 1053# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1054# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1055# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1056# this area is that it sticks with Godth��b time. This area might be 1057# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1058 1059# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1060# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1061# there at 2:00 AM. 1062 1063# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1064# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1065# the 1995 map as like Godth��b. 1066# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godth��b before 1996. 1067# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1068# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1069# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1070 1071# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1072# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1073# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1074# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1075# It is their only National Park. 1076# 1077# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1078Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1079Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1080Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1081Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1082Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1083Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1084# 1085# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1086Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1087 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1088 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 1089 0:00 - GMT 1090Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1091 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1092 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 1093 -1:00 EU -01/+00 1094Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1095 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1096 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1097Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1098 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1099 1100# Estonia 1101# 1102# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1103# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1104# 1105# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1106# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1107# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1108# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1109# 1110# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1111# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1112# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1113# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1114# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1115# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1116# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1117# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1118# summer time next spring." 1119 1120# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1121# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1122# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1123# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1124# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1125# 1126# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1127# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1128# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1129 1130# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1131# via Steffen Thorsen: 1132# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1133# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1134# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1135# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1136# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1137# after that. 1138 1139# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1140# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1141# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1142# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1143 1144# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1145# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1146# Now we are using again EU rules. 1147# 1148# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28): 1149# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1150 1151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1152Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1153 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1154 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1155 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1156 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1157 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1158 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1159 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1160 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1161 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1162 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1163 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1164 2:00 EU EE%sT 1165 1166# Finland 1167 1168# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1169# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1170# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1171 1172# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1173# 1174# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1175# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1176# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1177# according to the central European standards. 1178# 1179# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1180# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1181# Finnish) at 1182# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1183# 1184# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1185# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1186# 1187# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1188# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1189# 1190# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1191# exist tonight." 1192 1193# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13): 1194# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1195# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1196# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1197# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1198# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1199# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1200# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1201# 1202# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1203# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1204 1205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1206Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1207Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1208Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1209Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1210 1211# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1212# round to nearest. 1213 1214# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1215Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1216 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1217 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1218 2:00 EU EE%sT 1219 1220# ��land Is 1221Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1222 1223 1224# France 1225 1226# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1227# 1228# Henri Le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, ��ditions 1229# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1230# 1231# Gabriel, Trait�� de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tr��daniel, 1232# Paris, 1991 1233# 1234# Fran��oise Gauquelin, Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus en astrologie, 1235# Guy Tr��daniel, Paris 1987 1236 1237 1238# 1239# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1240# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1241Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1242Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1243Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1244Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1245Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1246Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1247Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1248Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1249Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1250Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1251# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1252# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1253# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1254Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1255Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1256Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1257Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1258Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1259Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1260Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1261Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1262Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1263Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1264Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1265Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1266Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1267Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1268Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1269Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1270Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1271Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1272Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1273Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1274# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1275# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1276# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arn��guy, Orthez, 1277# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Mar��uil, La 1278# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1279# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1280# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Sa��ne, Arbois, 1281# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1282Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1283# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1284# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1285# who quotes the Eph��m��rides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1286# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1287Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1288Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1289Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1290Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1291Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1292Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1293Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1294Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1295Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1296# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1297# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1298Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1299Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1300# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1301# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1302# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1303# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1304# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1305Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1306 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1307# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1308 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1309# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1310# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1311 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1312 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1313 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1314 1:00 EU CE%sT 1315 1316# Germany 1317 1318# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1319# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1320# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1321# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1322 1323# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1324# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1325# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1326# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1327 1328# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1329# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1330# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1331# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1332# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 1333 1334 1335# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1336Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1337Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1338Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1339# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1340# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1341# Go with the PTB. 1342Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1343Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1344Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1346Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1347 1348Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1349Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1350Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1351 1352# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1353Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1354 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1355 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1356 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1357 1:00 EU CE%sT 1358 1359# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1360# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1361# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1362# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1363# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1364# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1365# 1366# Source for the time in B��singen 1980: 1367# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1368 1369# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1370# B��singen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1371 1372Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1373 1374# Georgia 1375# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1376# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1377# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1378 1379# Gibraltar 1380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1382 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1383 1:00 - CET 1982 1384 1:00 EU CE%sT 1385 1386# Greece 1387# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1388# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1389Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1390Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1391# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1392Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1393# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1394Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1395Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1396Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1397# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1398Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1399Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1400Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1401Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1402Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1403Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1404Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1405Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1406Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1407Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1408Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1409Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1410Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1412Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1413 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1414 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1415 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1416 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1417 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1418 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1419 2:00 EU EE%sT 1420 1421# Hungary 1422# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1423# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1424# Oross A. Jelen a m��lt j��v��je: a ny��ri id��sz��m��t��s Magyarorsz��gon 1916-1945. 1425# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1426# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1427# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1428# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1429# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1430Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1431Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1432Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1433Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1434Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1435Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1436Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1437Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1438Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1439Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1440Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1441Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1442Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1443Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1444Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1445Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1446Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1447Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1449Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1450 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1451 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1452 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1453 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1454 1:00 EU CE%sT 1455 1456# Iceland 1457# 1458# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1459# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1460# 1461# (1993-12-05): 1462# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1463# Iceland Almanak. 1464# 1465# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1466# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1467# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1468# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1469# 1470# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1471# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1472# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1473# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1474# 1475# (1993-12-10): 1476# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1477# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1478# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1479# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1480# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1481# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1482# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1483# might mean something else (???). 1484# 1485# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1486# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1487# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1488# 1489# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1490Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1491Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1492Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1493Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1494Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1495Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1496Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1497Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1498Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1499Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1500# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1501Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1502Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1503# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1504Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1505# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1506Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1507Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1508Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1510Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1511 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1512 0:00 - GMT 1513 1514# Italy 1515# 1516# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1517# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1518# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1519# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1520# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1521# so record only the time in Rome. 1522# 1523# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): 1524# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 1525# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into 1526# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in 1527# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." 1528# 1529# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): 1530# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological 1531# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at 1532# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml 1533# (2016-10-24): 1534# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ 1535# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as 1536# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic 1537# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south 1538# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. 1539# 1540# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): 1541# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. 1542# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... 1543# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is 1544# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... 1545# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. 1546# 1547# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): 1548# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 1549# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. 1550# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 1551# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it 1552# was effectively controlled by Germany. 1553# 1554# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1555Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S 1556Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - 1557Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S 1558Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S 1559Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - 1560Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S 1561Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - 1562Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S 1563Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1564Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 1565Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 1566Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1567Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 1568Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1569Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1570Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1571Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - 1572Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1573Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1574Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1575Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1576Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1577Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1578Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1579Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - 1580Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - 1581Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1582Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1583Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1584Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1585Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1586Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1587Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1588Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1589Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1590Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1591Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1592Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1593Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1594Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1595Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1596# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1597Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1598 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean 1599 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1600 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 1601 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1602 1:00 EU CE%sT 1603 1604Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1605Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1606 1607# Latvia 1608 1609# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1610 1611# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1612# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1613# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1614# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1615# 1616# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1617# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1618# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1619# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1620# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1621# 1622# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1623# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1624# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1625# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1626# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1627# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1628# 1629# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1630# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1631# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1632# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1633# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1634# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1635# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1636# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1637# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1638# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1639# 1640# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1641# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1642# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1643 1644# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1645# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1646# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1647# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1648# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1649 1650# From RFE/RL Newsline 1651# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1652# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1653# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1654# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1655# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1656# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1657# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalv��tis noted that Latvia had too few 1658# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1659# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1660# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1661# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1662# appears that they will not do so.... 1663 1664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1665Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1666Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1667 1668# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1669# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1670# Go with Byalokoz. 1671 1672# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1673Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1674 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1675 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1676 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1677 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1678 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1679 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1680 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1681 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1682 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1683 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1684 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1685 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1686 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1687 2:00 EU EE%sT 1688 1689# Liechtenstein 1690 1691# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1692# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1693 1694# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1695# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1696# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1697# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1698# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1699# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1700# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1701# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1702# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1703 1704Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1705 1706 1707# Lithuania 1708 1709# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1710# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1711 1712# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1713# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1714# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1715 1716# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1717# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1718# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1719 1720# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1721# via Steffen Thorsen: 1722# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1723# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1724# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1725# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1726# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1727# already done by Estonia. 1728 1729# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1730# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1731# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1732 1733# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1734# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1735# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1736# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1737# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1738# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1739# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1740 1741 1742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1743Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1744 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1745 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1746 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1747 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1748 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1749 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1750 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1751 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1752 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1753 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1754 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1755 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1756 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1757 2:00 EU EE%sT 1758 1759# Luxembourg 1760# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1761# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1762# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1763Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1764Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1765Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1767Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1768Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1769Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1770Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1771Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1772Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1773Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1774Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1775Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1776Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1777Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1778Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1779Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1780Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1781Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1782Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1783Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1784Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1785Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1786# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1787Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1788 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1789 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1790 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1791 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1792 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1793 1:00 EU CE%sT 1794 1795# Macedonia 1796# See Europe/Belgrade. 1797 1798# Malta 1799# 1800# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): 1801# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. 1802# 1803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1804Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1805Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1806Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1807Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1808Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1809Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1810Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1811# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1812Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1813 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1814 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1815 1:00 EU CE%sT 1816 1817# Moldova 1818 1819# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1820# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1821# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1822# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1823# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1824# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1825# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1826# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1827# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1828 1829# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1830# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1831# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1832# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1833# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1834# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1835# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1836# But [two people] separately reported via 1837# Jesper N��rgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1838# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1839# 1840# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1841# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1842# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1843# to the Winter Time). 1844# 1845# News (in Russian): 1846# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1847# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1848# 1849# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1850# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1851# 1852# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1853# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1854# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1855# 1856# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1857# 1858# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1859# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1860# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1861# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1862# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1863# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1864# News from Moldova (in russian): 1865# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1866 1867# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1868# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1869# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1870# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1871# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1872# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1873# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1874# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1875 1876# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1877Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1878Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1879 1880# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1881Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1882 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1883 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1884 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1885 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1886 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1887 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 1888 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1889 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1890# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1891 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1892 1893# Monaco 1894# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1895# more precise 0:09:21. 1896# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1897Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1898 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1899 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1900 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1901 1:00 EU CE%sT 1902 1903# Montenegro 1904# See Europe/Belgrade. 1905 1906# Netherlands 1907 1908# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1909# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1910 1911# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1912# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1913# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1914# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1915# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1916# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1917# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1918# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1919# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1920# 1921# (2001-04-08): 1922# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1923# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1924# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1925# 1926# (2001-04-09): 1927# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1928# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1929# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1930# actually followed. 1931# 1932# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1933# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1934# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1935# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1936# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1937# 1938# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1939# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1940# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1941# Amsterdam mean time. 1942 1943# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1944# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1945 1946# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1947Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1948Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1949Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1950Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1951Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1952Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1953Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1954Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1955Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1956Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1957Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1958# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1959# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1960Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1961Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1962Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1963Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1964Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1965Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1966Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1967Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1968Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1969# 1970# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1971# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1972# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1973Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1974 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1975 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 1976 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1977 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1978 1:00 EU CE%sT 1979 1980# Norway 1981# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1982# Pottenger. 1983# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1984Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1985Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1986Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1987Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1988Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1989Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1990Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1992Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1993 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1994 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1995 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1996 1:00 EU CE%sT 1997 1998# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1999 2000# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 2001# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 2002# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 2003# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 2004# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 2005# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 2006# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 2007# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 2008# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 2009# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 2010# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 2011# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 2012# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 2013# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 2014# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 2015# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 2016# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 2017# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 2018 2019# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 2020# 2021# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 2022# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 2023# keeping Berlin time. 2024# 2025# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 2026# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 2027# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 2028# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 2029# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 2030# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 2031# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 2032# 2033# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 2034# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 2035# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 2036# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 2037# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 2038# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 2039# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 2040# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 2041# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 2042# 2043# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 2044# for these regions. 2045Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 2046 2047# Poland 2048 2049# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urz��dowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2050# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2051 2052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2053Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2054Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2055Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2056# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2057Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2058# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2059Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2060Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2061# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2062# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2063# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2064# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2065# He also gives these further references: 2066# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2067# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2068Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2069Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2070Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2071Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2072Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2073Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2074Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2075Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2076Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2077Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2078Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2079Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2080Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2081Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2082# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2083Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2084 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2085 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2086 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2087 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2088 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2089 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2090 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2091 1:00 EU CE%sT 2092 2093# Portugal 2094# 2095# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2096# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2097# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2098# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2099# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2100# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2101# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2102# 2103# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2104# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2105# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2106# 2107# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2108# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2109# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2110# 2111# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2112# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2113# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2114# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2115# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2116# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2117# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2118# 2119# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2120# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2121# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2122# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2123Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2124# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2125Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2126Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2127Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2128Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2129Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2130Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2131Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2132Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2133Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2134Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2135Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2136Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2137Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2138Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2139Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2140# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2141Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2142Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2143Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2144# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2145Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2146# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2147Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2148Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2149# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2150Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2151Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2152Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2153# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2154Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2155Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2156# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2157Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2158Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2159Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2160Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2161Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2162Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2163Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2164Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2165Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2166Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2167Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2168Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2169Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2170# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2171# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2172Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2173Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2174Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2175Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2176Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2177Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2178Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2179Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2180Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2181Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2182# 2183# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2184Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2185 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2186 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2187 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2188 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2189 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2190 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2191 0:00 EU WE%sT 2192# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. 2193Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2194 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2195 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2196 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2197 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2198 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2199 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2200 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2201 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2202 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2203 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2204 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2205 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2206 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2207 -1:00 EU -01/+00 2208# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. 2209Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2210 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2211 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2212 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2213 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2214 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2215 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2216 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2217 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2218 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2219 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2220 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2221 0:00 EU WE%sT 2222 2223# Romania 2224# 2225# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2226# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2227# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2228# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2229# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2230# the same year as Bulgaria. 2231# 2232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2233Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2234Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2235Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2236Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2237Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2238Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2239Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2240Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2241Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2242# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2243Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2244 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2245 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2246 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2247 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2248 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2249 2:00 EU EE%sT 2250 2251 2252# Russia 2253 2254# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2255# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2256# (Government document 2257# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2258# in Russian) 2259# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2260# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2261# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2262# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2263 2264# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2265# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2266# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2267# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2268 2269# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2270# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2271# changed in September 2011: 2272# 2273# One source is 2274# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2275# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2276# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2277# 2278# Another source is 2279# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2280# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2281# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2282# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2283# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2284# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2285# 2286# Another source is 2287# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2288# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2289# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2290# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2291# 2292# The Wikipedia article refers to 2293# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2294# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2295# 2296# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2297# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2298# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2299# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2300# Conradi notes). 2301# 2302# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2303# 2304# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2305 2306# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2307# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2308# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2309# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2310# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2311# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2312# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2313# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2314# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2315# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2316# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2317# 2318# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2319# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2320# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2321# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2322# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2323# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2324# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2325 2326# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2327# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2328# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2329# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2330# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2331# 2332# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2333# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2334# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2335# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2336# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2337# 2338# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2339# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2340# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2341# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2342# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2343# 2344# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2345# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2346# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2347# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2348# 2349# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2350# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2351# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2352# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2353# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2354# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2355# 2356# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2357# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2358# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2359# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2360# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2361# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2362# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2363# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2364 2365# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2366# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2367# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2368# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2369# listing. The region codes listed come from 2370# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2371# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2372# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2373# divisions where available. 2374 2375# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2376 2377 2378# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2379# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2380# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2381 2382# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2383# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2384 2385# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2386# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2387# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2388# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2389# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2390# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2391# ... 2392# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2393# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2394# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2395# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2396 2397Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2398 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2399 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2400 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2401 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2402 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2403 2:00 - EET 2404 2405 2406# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2407# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2408# Europe/Moscow covers... 2409# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2410# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2411# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2412# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2413# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2414# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2415# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2416# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2417# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2418# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2419# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2420# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2421# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2422# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2423# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2424# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2425# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2426# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2427# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2428# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2429# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2430# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2431# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2432# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2433# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2434# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2435# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2436# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2437# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2438# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2439# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2440# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2441# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2442# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2443# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2444# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2445# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2446# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2447# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2448# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2449# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2450# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2451# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2452# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2453# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2454 2455# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2456# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2457# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2458# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2459# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2460# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2461# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2462# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2463# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2464 2465# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2466# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2467# Wikipedia refers to 2468# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2469# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2470# 2471# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2472# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2473# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2474# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2475# time belt changes map). 2476# 2477# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2478# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2479# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2480# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2481# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2482# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2483# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2484# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2485# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2486# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2487# is also provided. 2488# 2489# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2490# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2491# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2492# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2493# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2494# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2495# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2496# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2497# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2498# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2499# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2500# time. 2501# 2502# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2503# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2504# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2505# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2506# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2507# 2508# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2509# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2510# 2511# 12. Udmurtia 2512# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2513# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2514# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2515# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2516# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2517# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2518# 2519# ... 2520# 2521# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2522# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2523# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2524# 2525# There were some exceptions, though. 2526# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2527# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2528# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2529# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2530# 2531# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2532# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2533# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2534# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2535# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2536# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2537# 2 days before the switch. 2538# 2539# 2540# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2541# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2542# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2543# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2544# time in Moscow. 2545 2546# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2547# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2548# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2549# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2550# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2551# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2552# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2553# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2554# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2555# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2556# 2:31:19 ... 2557# 2558# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2559# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2560# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895). 2561# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2562# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2563 2564Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2565 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2566 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2567 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2568 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2569 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2570 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2571 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2572 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2573 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2574 3:00 - MSK 2575 2576 2577# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 2578# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. 2579 2580Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2581 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2582 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2583 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2584 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2585 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2586 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2587 2:00 - EET 1992 2588# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2589# 2590# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2591# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2592# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2593# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2594# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2595# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2596# changed in May. 2597 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2598# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2599 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2600 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2601# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2602# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2603 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2604 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2605# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2606# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2607# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2608# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2609# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2610# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2611# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2612 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2613 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2614 3:00 - MSK 2615 2616 2617# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2618# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2619# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2620# 2621# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2622 2623# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2624# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2625# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2626# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2627# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2628# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2629 2630Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2631 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2632 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2633 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2634 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2635 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2636 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2637 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2638 4:00 - +04 2639 2640# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2641# Europe/Volgograd covers: 2642# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2643# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2644 2645Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2646 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2647 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2648 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2649 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2650 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2651 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2652 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2653 3:00 - +03 2654 2655# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2656# Europe/Saratov covers: 2657# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2658 2659# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): 2660# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. 2661# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): 2662# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. 2663# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): 2664# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 2665 2666Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2667 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2668 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2669 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2670 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2671 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2672 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2673 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s 2674 4:00 - +04 2675 2676# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2677# Europe/Kirov covers: 2678# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2679# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2680# 2681Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2682 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2683 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2684 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2685 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2686 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2687 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2688 3:00 - +03 2689 2690# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2691# Europe/Samara covers... 2692# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2693# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2694 2695# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2696# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2697# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2698 2699Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2700 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2701 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2702 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2703 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2704 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2705 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2706 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2707 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2708 4:00 - +04 2709 2710# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2711# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2712# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2713 2714# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2715 2716# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2717# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2718# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2719# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2720# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2721# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2722 2723Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2724 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2725 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2726 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2727 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2728 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2729 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2730 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2731 4:00 - +04 2732 2733# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2734# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2735# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2736# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2737# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2738# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2739# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2740# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2741# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2742# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2743# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2744# 2745# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2746# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2747 2748# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2749# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2750# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2751# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2752 2753Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2754 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2755 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2756 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2757 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2758 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2759 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2760 5:00 - +05 2761 2762 2763# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2764# Asia/Omsk covers... 2765# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2766 2767# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2768 2769Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2770 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2771 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2772 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2773 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2774 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2775 6:00 - +06 2776 2777# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2778# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2779# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2780# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2781 2782# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2783 2784# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2785# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2786# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2787# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2788# 1995-05-28. 2789# 2790# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2791# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2792# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 2793# after 1957: UTC+7 2794# since 1995: UTC+6 2795# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2796# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2797 2798# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2799# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2800# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2801# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2802# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2803# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2804# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2805# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2806 2807Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2808 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2809 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2810 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2811 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2812 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2813 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2814 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2815 7:00 - +07 2816 2817# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2818# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2819# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2820 2821# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2822# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2823# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2824# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2825# The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2826# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2827 2828Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2829 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2830 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2831 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2832 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2833 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2834 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2835 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2836 7:00 - +07 2837 2838# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2839# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2840# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2841 2842# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2843# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2844 2845# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2846# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2847 2848# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2849# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2850# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2851# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2852# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2853# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2854# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2855# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 2856# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2857 2858# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2859# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2860# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2861# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2862# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2863# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2864# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2865# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2866# recent changes). 2867# 2868# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2869# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2870# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2871# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2872# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2873# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2874# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2875# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2876 2877# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2878# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2879 2880Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2881 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2882 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2883 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2884 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2885 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2886 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2887 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2888 7:00 - +07 2889 2890 2891# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2892# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2893# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2894 2895# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2896# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2897# March 28, 2010: 2898# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2899# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2900# 2901# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2902# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2903# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2904# 2905# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2906# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2907# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2908# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2909# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2910# 2911# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2912# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2913 2914# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2915# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2916# realigning itself with KRAT. 2917 2918Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2919 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2920 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2921 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2922 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2923 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2924 7:00 - +07 2925 2926# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2927# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2928# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2929# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2930# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2931# 2932# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2933# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2934 2935# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2936 2937Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2938 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2939 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2940 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2941 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2942 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2943 7:00 - +07 2944 2945 2946# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2947# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2948# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2949# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2950# 2951# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2952# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2953 2954# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2955# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2956# Go with Byalokoz. 2957 2958Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2959 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2960 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 2961 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2962 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2963 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2964 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2965 8:00 - +08 2966 2967 2968# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2969# Asia/Chita covers... 2970# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2971# 2972# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2973# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2974 2975# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2976# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2977# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2978# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2979# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 2980 2981Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2982 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 2983 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2984 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2985 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2986 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2987 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2988 9:00 - +09 2989 2990 2991# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2992# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2993# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2994# 2995# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2996# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2997# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2998# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2999# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 3000# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 3001# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 3002# 14-11 **** Gorny District 3003# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 3004# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 3005# 14-14 **** Lensky District 3006# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 3007# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 3008# 14-18 **** Namsky District 3009# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 3010# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 3011# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 3012# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 3013# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 3014# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 3015# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 3016# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 3017# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 3018# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 3019 3020# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3021# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 3022# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 3023# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 3024 3025# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 3026 3027Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3028 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3029 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3030 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3031 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3032 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3033 9:00 - +09 3034 3035 3036# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3037# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 3038# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 3039# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 3040# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 3041# 3042# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3043# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 3044# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 3045 3046# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 3047# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 3048# Go with Byalokoz. 3049 3050Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 3051 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 3052 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3053 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3054 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3055 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3056 10:00 - +10 3057 3058 3059# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3060# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3061# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 3062# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3063 3064# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3065# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3066# in 2011. 3067 3068# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3069# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3070# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3071# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 3072 3073Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3074 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3075 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3076 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3077 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3078 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3079 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3080 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3081 9:00 - +09 3082 3083 3084# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3085# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 3086# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 3087# ...with the exception of: 3088# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3089 3090# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3091# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3092# (2016-03-09): 3093# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3094 3095# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 3096Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3097 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3098 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3099 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3100 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3101 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3102 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3103 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3104 11:00 - +11 3105 3106 3107# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3108# Asia/Magadan covers... 3109# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3110 3111# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3112# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3113# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3114# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3115# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3116# need their own zone. 3117 3118# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3119# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3120# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3121# 3122# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3123# ... signed by the President today ... 3124# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3125 3126Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3127 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3128 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3129 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3130 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3131 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3132 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3133 11:00 - +11 3134 3135 3136# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3137# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3138# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3139# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3140# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3141# 14-17 **** Momsky District 3142# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3143# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3144# 3145# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3146# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3147 3148# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3149# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3150# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3151# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3152# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3153# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3154 3155# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3156# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3157# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3158# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3159# 3160# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3161# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3162# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3163# each! (Yikes!) 3164# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3165# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3166# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3167# 3168# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3169# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3170# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3171# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3172# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3173# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3174# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3175# Go with Srednekolymsk. 3176 3177Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3178 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3179 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3180 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3181 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3182 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3183 11:00 - +11 3184 3185 3186# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3187# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3188# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3189 3190# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3191# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3192# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3193# 3194# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3195# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3196# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3197# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3198# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3199 3200Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3201 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3202 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3203 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3204 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3205 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3206 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3207 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3208 10:00 - +10 3209 3210 3211# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3212# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3213# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3214# 3215# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3216# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3217 3218# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3219# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3220Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3221 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3222 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3223 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3224 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3225 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3226 12:00 - +12 3227 3228 3229# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3230# Asia/Anadyr covers... 3231# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3232 3233Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3234 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3235 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3236 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3237 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3238 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3239 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3240 12:00 - +12 3241 3242 3243# San Marino 3244# See Europe/Rome. 3245 3246# Serbia 3247# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3248Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3249 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3250 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3251 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3252 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3253# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of 3254# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3255# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj. 3256 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3257 1:00 EU CE%sT 3258Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3259Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3260Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3261Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 3262Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3263 3264# Slovakia 3265Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 3266 3267# Slovenia 3268# See Europe/Belgrade. 3269 3270# Spain 3271# 3272# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): 3273# 3274# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: 3275# Planesas P. La hora oficial en Espa��a y sus cambios. 3276# Anuario del Observatorio Astron��mico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). 3277# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf 3278# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, 3279# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. 3280# 3281# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for 3282# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that 3283# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, 3284# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to 3285# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this 3286# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a 3287# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. 3288 3289# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): 3290# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at 3291# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf 3292# says in its article 5 (my translation): 3293# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the 3294# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, 3295# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. 3296 3297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3298Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3299Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - 3300Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S 3301Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S 3302Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - 3303Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 3304Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3305Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 3306Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3307Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 3308# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. 3309Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S 3310Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - 3311Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3312Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M 3313Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S 3314# The following rules are for unified Spain again. 3315# 3316# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on 3317# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on 3318# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not 3319# change during that period. 3320# 3321# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. 3322#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3323Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - 3324Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S 3325Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - 3326Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3327Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3328Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3329Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3330Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - 3331Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S 3332Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3333Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3334Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3335Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3336Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 3337Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 3338# Nationalist Spain during the civil war 3339#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S 3340#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3341#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S 3342# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 3343Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3344Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3345Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3346Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3347Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3348Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3349Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3350Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3351Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3352# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3353Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16 3354 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 3355 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3356 1:00 EU CE%sT 3357Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44 3358 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3359 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3360 0:00 - WET 1924 3361 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3362 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3363 1:00 - CET 1986 3364 1:00 EU CE%sT 3365Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3366 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 3367 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3368 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3369 0:00 EU WE%sT 3370# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3371# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3372 3373# Sweden 3374 3375# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 3376# 3377# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 3378# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 3379# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 3380# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 3381# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 3382# 3383# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 3384# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 3385# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 3386# 3387# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3388# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 3389# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 3390# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 3391# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 3392# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 3393# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 3394# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 3395# 3396# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 3397# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3398# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3399# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3400# 3401# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3402# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3403# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3404# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3405# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3406# the S��k-button). 3407# 3408# (2001-05-13): 3409# 3410# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3411# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3412# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3413# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3414# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3415# hour before the event took place. 3416# 3417# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3418 3419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3420Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3421 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3422 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3423 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3424 1:00 - CET 1980 3425 1:00 EU CE%sT 3426 3427# Switzerland 3428# From Howse: 3429# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3430# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3431# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3432# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3433# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3434# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3435# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3436# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3437# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3438# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3439 3440# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3441# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3442# 3443# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3444# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3445# 3446# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3447# government, in 'Eidgen��ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3448# federal law collection)... 3449# 3450# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3451# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3452# 3453# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3454# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3455# 3456# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3457# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3458# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3459# other years are made. 3460# 3461# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3462# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3463# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3464# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3465# 3466# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Trait�� de 3467# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3468# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3469# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3470# 3471# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3472# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3473# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3474# 3475# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3476# 3477# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3478# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3479# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3480# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3481# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3482# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3483# 3484# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3485# The Federal regulations say 3486# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3487# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3488# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3489 3490# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3491# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893) 3492# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3493# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3494# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3495# hour before the beginning of service. 3496 3497# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3498# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3499# 3500# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3501# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3502# 3503# Jakob Messerli. Gleichm��ssig, p��nktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3504# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3505# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3506# 3507# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3508# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3509# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3510# "Bundesgesetz ��ber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3511# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3512# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3513# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3514# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3515# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3516# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3517# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3518 3519# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3520Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3521Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3522# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3523Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3524 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3525 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3526 1:00 EU CE%sT 3527 3528# Turkey 3529 3530# From K��van�� Yazan (2016-09-25): 3531# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3532# no exceptions. 3533# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3534# Here are official papers: 3535# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986 3536# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987 3537# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988 3538# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989 3539# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992 3540# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995 3541# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994 3542# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997 3543# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000 3544# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3545# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3546# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 3547# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985. 3548 3549# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3550# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3551# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3552# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3553# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3554# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3555# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3556# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3557# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3558 3559# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10): 3560# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3561# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3562# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3563# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3564# Turkish: 3565# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3566 3567# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3568# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3569# Turkish Local election.... 3570# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3571# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3572# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3573# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3574# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3575# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3576# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3577# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3578# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3579# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3580# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3581# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3582 3583# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3584# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3585# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3586# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3587# 3588# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3589# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3590# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3591# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3592# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3593 3594# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3595# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3596# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3597# 3598# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3599# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3600# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3601 3602# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3603Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3604Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3605Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3606Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3607Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3608Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3609Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3610Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3611# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3612# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3613Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3614Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3615Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3616Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3617Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3618Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3619Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3620Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3621# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3622# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3623Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3624Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3625Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3626Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3627Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3628Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3629Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3630Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3631Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3632Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3633Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3634Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3635Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3636Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3637Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3638Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3639Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3640Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3641Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3642Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3643Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3644Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3645Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3646Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3647Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3648Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3649Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3650Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3651Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3652Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3653Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3654Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3655Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3656Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3657Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3658Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3659Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3660Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3662Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3663 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3664 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3665 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 3666 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3667 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3668 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3669 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3670 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3671 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3672 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3673 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3674 3:00 - +03 3675Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3676 3677# Ukraine 3678# 3679# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3680# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3681# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3682# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3683# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3684# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3685# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3686 3687# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3688# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3689# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3690# 3691# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3692# approval from 266 deputies. 3693# 3694# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3695# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3696# 3697# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3698# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3699# 3700# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3701# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3702# 3703# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3704# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3705# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3706# time this year after all. 3707# 3708# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3709# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3710# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3711# to Russia) was reverted today: 3712# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3713# 3714# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3715# The law documents themselves are at 3716# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3717 3718# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3719# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3720# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3721# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3722# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3723# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3724# 3725# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3726# "summer time" was still in action): 3727# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3728# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3729# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3730# 3731# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3732# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3733# 3734# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3735# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3736# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3737# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3738# This is an answer. 3739# 3740# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3741# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3742# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3743# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3744# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3745 3746# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3747# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3748# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3749# "Kiev" is more common in English. 3750Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3751 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3752 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3753 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3754 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3755 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3756 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3757 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3758 2:00 EU EE%sT 3759# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3760# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3761# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3762Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3763 1:00 - CET 1940 3764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3765 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3766 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3767 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3768 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3769 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3770 2:00 - EET 1992 3771 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3772 2:00 EU EE%sT 3773# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3774# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3775# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3776# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3777# portable Posix file names. 3778Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3779 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 3780 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3781 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3782 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3783 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3784 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3785 2:00 EU EE%sT 3786 3787# Vatican City 3788# See Europe/Rome. 3789 3790############################################################################### 3791 3792# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3793# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3794# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3795# 3796# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3797# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3798# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3799# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3800# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3801# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3802 3803# ... 3804# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3805# From: Tom Hofmann 3806# ... 3807# 3808# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3809# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3810# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3811# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3812# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3813# years... 3814# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3815# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3816# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3817# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3818# 3819# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3820# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3821# 3822# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3823# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3824# ... 3825 3826# ... 3827# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3828# From: Dik T. Winter 3829# ... 3830# 3831# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3832# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3833# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3834# 3835# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3836# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3837# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3838# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3839# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3840# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3841# dates... 3842# 3843# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3844# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3845# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3846# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3847# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3848# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3849# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3850# in advance of normal time. 3851# 3852# ... 3853# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3854# ... 3855 3856# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3857# ... 3858# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3859# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3860# ... 3861# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3862# ... 3863