1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27# This file also includes Pacific islands. 28 29# Notes are at the end of this file 30 31############################################################################### 32 33# Australia 34 35# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 36 37# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 39Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 40Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 41Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 42Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 43Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 44Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 45# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 46# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 47# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 48 49# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 50# Northern Territory 51Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 53 9:30 Aus AC%sT 54# Western Australia 55# 56# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 58Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 59Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 62Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 64Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 65Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 68 8:00 AW AW%sT 69Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 70 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 71 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 72 73# Queensland 74# 75# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 76# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 77# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 78# Queensland ceased to. 79# 80# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 81# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 82# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 83# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 84# so use Lindeman. 85# 86# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 87# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 88# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 89# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 90# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 91# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 92# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 93# 94# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 96Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 98Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 99Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 100Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 103 10:00 AQ AE%sT 104Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 108 109# South Australia 110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 112Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 113Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 114Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 115Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 130 9:30 AS AC%sT 131 132# Tasmania 133# 134# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 135# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 136# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 137# 138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 140Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 141Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 143Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 144Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 146Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 147Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 148Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 154Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 163 10:00 AT AE%sT 164Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 168 10:00 AT AE%sT 169 170# Victoria 171# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 177Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AV AE%sT 190 191# New South Wales 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 194Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 195Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 196Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 197Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 199Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 200Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 201Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 202Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 203Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 204Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 205Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 206Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 207Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 208Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 209# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 210Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 212 10:00 AN AE%sT 213Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 218 9:30 AS AC%sT 219 220# Lord Howe Island 221# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 222Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 223Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 224Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 225Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 226Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 227Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 228Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 229Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 230Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 231Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 232Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 233Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 234Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 235Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 236Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 238 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 239 10:30 LH +1030/+11 240 241# Australian miscellany 242# 243# Ashmore Is, Cartier 244# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 245# no times are set 246# 247# Coral Sea Is 248# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 249# no times are set 250# 251# Macquarie 252# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 253# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 254# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 255# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 256# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 257# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 258# 259# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 260# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 261# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 262# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 263# on 4 April. 264# 265# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 266# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 267# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 268# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 269# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 270Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 271 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 272 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 273 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 274 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 276 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 277 11:00 - +11 278 279# Christmas 280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 282 7:00 - +07 283 284# Cocos (Keeling) Is 285# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 286# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 289 6:30 - +0630 290 291 292# Fiji 293 294# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 295 296# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 297# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 298# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 299# 300# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 301# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 302# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 303 304# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 305# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 306# amendments: 307# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 308 309# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 310# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 311# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 312# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 313# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 314# 315# Official source: 316# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 317# 318# A bit more background info here: 319# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 320 321# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 322# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 323# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 324# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 325# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 326# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 327# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 328 329# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 330# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 331# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 332# 333# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 334# which says 335# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 336# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 337# 2am on February 26 next year. 338 339# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 340# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 341# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 342# 343# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 344# states: 345# 346# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 347# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 348# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 349# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 350 351# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 352# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 353# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 354# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 355# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 356 357# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 358# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 359# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 360# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 361 362# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 363# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 364# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 365 366# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 367# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 368# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 369 370# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 371# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 372# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 373# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 374# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 375# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 376 377# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 378# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 379# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 380# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 381# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 382 383# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): 384# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 385# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 386# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 387# practice than guessing no DST. 388 389# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 390Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 391Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 392Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 393Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 394Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 395Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 396Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 397Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 398Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 399Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 402 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 403 404# French Polynesia 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 407 -9:00 - -09 408Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 409 -9:30 - -0930 410Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 411 -10:00 - -10 412# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 413# it is uninhabited. 414 415# Guam 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 418 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 419 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 420 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 421Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 422 423# Kiribati 424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 426 12:00 - +12 427Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 428 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 429 -11:00 - -11 1995 430 13:00 - +13 431Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 432 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 433 -10:00 - -10 1995 434 14:00 - +14 435 436# N Mariana Is 437# See Pacific/Guam. 438 439# Marshall Is 440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 442 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 443 12:00 - +12 444Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 445 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 446 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 447 12:00 - +12 448 449# Micronesia 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 452 10:00 - +10 453Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 454 11:00 - +11 455Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 456 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 457 12:00 - +12 1999 458 11:00 - +11 459 460# Nauru 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 463 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 464 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 465 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 466 12:00 - +12 467 468# New Caledonia 469# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 470Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 471Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 472Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 473# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 474Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 475# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 477 11:00 NC +11/+12 478 479 480############################################################################### 481 482# New Zealand 483 484# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 485Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 486Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 487Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 488Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 489Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 490Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 491Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 492# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 493# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 494# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 495Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 496Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 497Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 498Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 499Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 500Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 501Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 502Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 503Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 504Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 505Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 506Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 507Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 508Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 509Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 510Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 511Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 512Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 515 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 516 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 517Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 518 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 519 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 520 521Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 522 523# Auckland Is 524# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 525# and scientific personnel have wintered 526 527# Campbell I 528# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 529# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 530# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 531# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 532 533# Cook Is 534# From Shanks & Pottenger: 535# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 536Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 537Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 538Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 539# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 540Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 541 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 542 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 543 544############################################################################### 545 546 547# Niue 548# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 550 -11:20 - -1120 1951 551 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 552 -11:00 - -11 553 554# Norfolk 555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 557 11:12 - +1112 1951 558 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 559 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 560 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 561 11:00 - +11 562 563# Palau (Belau) 564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 566 9:00 - +09 567 568# Papua New Guinea 569# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 570Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 571 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 572 10:00 - +10 573# 574# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 575# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 576# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 577# 578# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 579# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 580# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 581# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 582# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 583# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 584# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 585# 586# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 587# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 588# See: 589# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 590# 591Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 592 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 593 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 594 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 595 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 596 11:00 - +11 597 598# Pitcairn 599# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 600Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 601 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 602 -8:00 - -08 603 604# American Samoa 605Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 606 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 607 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 608Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 609 610# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 611 612# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 613# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 614# the following info: 615# 616# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 617# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 618# Sunday of April 2011." 619# 620# Background info: 621# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 622# 623# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 624# contain any dates: 625# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 626 627# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 628# Please see 629# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 630# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 631# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 632# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 633# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 634 635# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 636# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 637# 638# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 639# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 640# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 641# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 642 643# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 644# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 645# 646# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 647 648# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 649# The International Date Line Act 2011 650# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 651# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 652# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 653# accordingly. 654 655# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 656# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 657# 658# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 659# 660# DST 661# Year End Time Start Time 662# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 663# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 664# 665# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 666# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 667# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 668# 669# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 670# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 671# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 672# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 673# 674# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 675# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 676# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 677 678# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 679Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 680Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 681Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 682Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 683Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 686 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 687 -11:30 - -1130 1950 688 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 689 13:00 WS +13/+14 690 691# Solomon Is 692# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 693# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 694Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 695 11:00 - +11 696 697# Tokelau 698# 699# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 700# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 701# December 31 this year ... 702# 703# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 704# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 705# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 706# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 707# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 708# 709# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 710# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 711# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 712# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 713# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 714# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 715 716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 717Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 718 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 719 13:00 - +13 720 721# Tonga 722# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 723Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 724Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 725Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 726Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 727Rule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 728Rule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 729# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 731 12:20 - +1220 1941 732 13:00 - +13 1999 733 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 734 735# Tuvalu 736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 737Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 738 12:00 - +12 739 740 741# US minor outlying islands 742 743# Howland, Baker 744# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 745# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 746# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 747# uninhabited thereafter. 748# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 749# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 750# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 751# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 752# until they were abandoned after the war. 753 754# Jarvis 755# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 756# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 757# uninhabited thereafter. 758# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 759 760# Johnston 761# 762# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 763# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 764# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 765# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 766# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 767# 768# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 769# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 770# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 771# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 772# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 773# 774# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 775# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 776# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 777# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 778# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 779# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 780# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 781# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 782# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 783# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 784# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 785# Minus One Hour". 786 787# Kingman 788# uninhabited 789 790# Midway 791# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 792 793# Palmyra 794# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 795 796# Wake 797# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 798Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 799 12:00 - +12 800 801 802# Vanuatu 803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 804Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 805Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 806Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 807Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 808Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 809Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 810# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 811Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 812 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 813 814# Wallis and Futuna 815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 816Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 817 12:00 - +12 818 819############################################################################### 820 821# NOTES 822 823# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 824# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 825# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 826# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 827 828# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 829# 830# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 831# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 832# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 833# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 834# 835# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 836# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 837# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 838# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 839# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 840# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 841# 842# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 843# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 844# I found in the UCLA library. 845# 846# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 847# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 848# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 849# 850# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 851# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 852# 853# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 854# Corrections are welcome! 855# std dst 856# LMT Local Mean Time 857# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 858# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 859# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 860# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 861# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 862# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 863# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 864# -11:00 SST Samoa 865# -10:00 HST Hawaii 866# 867# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 868# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 869 870############################################################################### 871 872# Australia 873 874# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 875# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 876# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 877# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 878# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 879# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 880# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 881# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 882# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 883# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 884# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 885# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 886 887# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 888# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 889# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 890# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 891 892# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 893# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 894# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 895# covers New South Wales in particular. 896 897# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 898# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 899# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 900# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 901# abbreviation does _not_ change... 902# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 903# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 904# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 905# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 906# time'. 907# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 908# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 909# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 910# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 911# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 912# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 913# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 914 915# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 916# 917# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 918# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 919# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 920# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 921# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 922# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 923# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 924# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 925# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 926# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 927# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 928# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 929# 930# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 931# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 932# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 933# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 934# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 935# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 936# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 937# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 938# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 939# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 940# 941# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 942# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 943# 944# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 945# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 946# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 947# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 948# 949# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 950# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 951# 952# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 953# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 954# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 955# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 956# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 957# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 958# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 959# 960# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 961# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 962# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 963# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 964# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 965# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 966# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 967# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 968# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 969# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 970# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 971# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 972# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 973# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 974# 975# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 976# 977# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 978# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 979# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 980# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 981# 982# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 983# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 984# EST CST WST EDT CDT 985# 986# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 987# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 988# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 989# 990# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 991# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 992# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 993# 994# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 995# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 996# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 997# 998# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 999# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1000# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1001# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1002# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1003# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1004# 1005# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1006# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1007# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1008# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1009# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1010# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1011# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1012# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1013# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1014 1015# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1016# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1017# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1018# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1019# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1020# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1021# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1022 1023# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1024# 1025# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1026# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1027# relevant entries in this database. 1028# 1029# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1030# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1031# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1032# ACT 1033# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1034# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1035# SA 1036# Standard Time Act, 1898 1037# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1038 1039# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1040# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1041# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1042# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1043# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1044# 1045# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1046# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1047# to extend DST together in 2006. 1048# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1049# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1050# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1051# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1052# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1053# allude to it. 1054# But not Queensland 1055# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1056 1057# Northern Territory 1058 1059# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1060# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1061# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1062# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1063# ... 1064# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1065 1066# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1067# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1068# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1069 1070# Western Australia 1071 1072# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1073# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1074# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1075# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1076# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1077# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1078# # before reaching parliament. 1079# ... 1080# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1081# ... 1082# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1083# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1084# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1085# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1086 1087# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1088# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1089# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1090 1091# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1092# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1093# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1094# work at 9.00am.) 1095# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1096# everybody again. 1097 1098# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1099# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1100# it matches what was used in the past. 1101 1102# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1103# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1104# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1105# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1106 1107# Queensland 1108# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1109# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1110# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1111# ... 1112# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1113# ... 1114# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1115# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1116# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1117# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1118 1119# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1120# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1121# October 1989). 1122 1123# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1124# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1125# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1126# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1127 1128# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1129# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1130# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1131# me.) 1132 1133# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1134# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1135# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1136# ... 1137# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1138# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1139# ... 1140 1141# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1142# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1143 1144# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1145# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1146# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1147# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1148 1149# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1150# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1151# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1152# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1153# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1154# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1155# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1156# Australia and Western Australia.... 1157# 1158# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1159# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1160# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1161# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1162# 1163# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1164# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1165# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1166# coast of the continent. 1167# 1168# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1169# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1170# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1171# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1172# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1173# 1174# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1175# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1176# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1177# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1178# 1179# (2006-12-09): 1180# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1181# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1182# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1183# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1184 1185# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1186# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1187# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1188 1189 1190# southeast Australia 1191# 1192# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1193# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1194# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1195# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1196 1197 1198# South Australia 1199 1200# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1201# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1202# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1203# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1204 1205# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1206# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1207# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1208# ... 1209# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1210# ... 1211# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1212# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1213# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1214# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1215 1216# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1217# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1218# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1219# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1220 1221# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1222# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1223# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1224# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1225# is on... 1226 1227# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1228# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1229# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1230# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1231 1232# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1233# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1234# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1235# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1236 1237# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1238# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1239# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1240# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1241 1242# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1243# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1244 1245# Tasmania 1246 1247# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1248# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1249# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1250# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1251 1252# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1253# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1254# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1255# (but nothing new about that). 1256 1257# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1258# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1259# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1260# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1261# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1262# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1263 1264# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1265# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1266 1267# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1268# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1269 1270# Victoria 1271 1272# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1273# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1274# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1275# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1276 1277# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1278# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1279# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1280# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1281# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1282# in Melbourne, Australia. 1283# 1284# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1285# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1286# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1287# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1288# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1289# expected time. 1290# 1291# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1292# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1293# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1294# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1295# 1296# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1297# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1298 1299# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1300# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1301 1302# New South Wales 1303 1304# From Arthur David Olson: 1305# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1306# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1307# who notes: 1308# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1309# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1310# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1311# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1312# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1313# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1314 1315# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1316# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1317# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1318# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1319# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1320 1321# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1322# See the following official NSW source: 1323# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1324# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1325# 1326# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1327# daylight saving next year. See: 1328# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1329# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1330# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1331# 1332# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1333# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1334# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1335# 1336# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1337# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1338# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1339# 1340# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1341# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1342# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1343# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1344# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1345# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1346# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1347# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1348# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1349# 1350# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1351# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1352# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1353 1354# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1355# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1356# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1357 1358# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1359# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1360# towns to use Queensland time. 1361 1362# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1363# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1364 1365# Yancowinna 1366 1367# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1368# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1369 1370# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1371# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1372# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1373# ... 1374# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1375# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1376# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1377# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1378# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1379# # presently available. 1380# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1381# ... 1382# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1383# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1384# [followed by other Rules] 1385 1386# Lord Howe Island 1387 1388# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1389# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1390# [ Dec 1990 ] 1391# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1392# hour ahead of NSW time. 1393 1394# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1395# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1396# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1397# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1398# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1399# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1400# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1401# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1402# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1403# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1404 1405# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1406# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1407# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1408# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1409# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1410# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1411 1412# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1413# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1414# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1415 1416# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1417# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1418 1419# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1420# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1421# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1422# summer (southern hemisphere). 1423# 1424# From 1425# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1426# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1427# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1428# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1429# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1430# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1431# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1432# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1433# 1434# We have a wrap-up here: 1435# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1436############################################################################### 1437 1438# New Zealand 1439 1440# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1441# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1442# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1443# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1444# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1445 1446# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1447# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1448# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1449# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1450# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1451# ... 1452# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1453# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1454# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1455# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1456# ... 1457# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1458# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1459 1460# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1461# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1462# rather than the October 1 value. 1463 1464# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1465# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1466# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1467# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1468# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1469# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1470# 1471# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1472# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1473# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1474# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1475# 1476# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1477# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1478# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1479 1480# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1481# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1482# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1483# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1484# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1485 1486# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1487# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1488# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1489# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1490# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1491# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1492# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1493# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1494# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1495# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1496# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1497# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1498 1499############################################################################### 1500 1501 1502# Fiji 1503 1504# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1505# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1506# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1507 1508# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1509# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1510# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1511# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1512 1513# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1514# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1515 1516# From the BBC World Service in 1517# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1518# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1519# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1520# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1521# of the new millennium. 1522 1523# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1524# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1525 1526 1527# Kiribati 1528 1529# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1530# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1531# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1532# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1533 1534 1535# Kwajalein 1536 1537# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1538# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1539# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1540# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1541# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1542 1543 1544# N Mariana Is, Guam 1545 1546# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1547# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1548# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1549# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1550# see Asia/Manila. 1551 1552# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1553# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1554# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1555# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1556 1557 1558# Micronesia 1559 1560# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1561# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1562# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1563# 1564# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1565# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1566 1567# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1568# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1569# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1570# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1571# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1572# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1573 1574 1575# Midway 1576 1577# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1578# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1579# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1580# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1581# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1582# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1583# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1584# air at 6am your time. 1585# 1586# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1587# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1588# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1589# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1590 1591# Norfolk 1592 1593# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1594# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1595# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1596# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1597# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1598 1599# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1600# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1601# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1602# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1603# other than in 1974/5. See: 1604# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1605 1606# Pitcairn 1607 1608# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1609# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1610# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1611# 1612# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1613# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1614# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1615# 1616# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1617# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1618# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1619 1620# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1621# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1622# ... at midnight. 1623 1624# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1625# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1626# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1627# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1628 1629 1630# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1631 1632# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1633# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1634# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1635# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1636# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1637 1638# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1639# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1640# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1641# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1642# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1643# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1644# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1645# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1646 1647# Tonga 1648 1649# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1650# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1651# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1652# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1653 1654# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1655# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1656# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1657# 1658# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1659# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1660# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1661# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1662# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1663# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1664# 1665# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1666# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1667# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1668# 1669# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1670# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1671# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1672# minutes we have lost?" 1673# 1674# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1675# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1676# to say your prayers in the morning." 1677 1678# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1679# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1680 1681# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1682# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1683# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1684# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1685# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1686# Government. 1687 1688# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1689# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1690# 1691# I was given this link by John Letts: 1692# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1693# 1694# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1695# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1696# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1697# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1698 1699# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1700# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1701# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1702# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1703# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1704# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1705# set back an hour on the closing date." 1706# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1707 1708# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1709# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1710# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1711 1712# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1713# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1714# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1715# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1716# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1717# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1718# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1719 1720# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1721# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1722 1723# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1724# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1725# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1726# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1727# hour to 1:00am. 1728 1729# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 1730# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1731 1732# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 1733# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1734# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1735# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1736# 1737# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1738# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1739# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1740 1741# Wake 1742 1743# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1744# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1745# 1746# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1747# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1748# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1749# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1750# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1751# impossible. 1752# 1753# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1754 1755# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1756# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1757 1758############################################################################### 1759 1760# The International Date Line 1761 1762# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1763# 1764# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1765# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1766# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1767# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1768# 1769# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1770# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1771# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1772# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1773# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1774# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1775# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1776# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1777# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1778# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1779# correct date is ambiguous. 1780 1781# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1782# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1783# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1784# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1785# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1786# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1787# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1788# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1789# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1790# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1791# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1792# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1793# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1794 1795# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1796# (2005-03-20): 1797# 1798# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1799# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1800# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1801# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1802