1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13): 33# 34# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38# 39# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45# 46# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48# I found in the UCLA library. 49# 50# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53# 54# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 55# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 56# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 57# 58# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 59# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 60# 61# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables: 62# std dst 63# LMT Local Mean Time 64# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 65# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 66# 5:30 IST India 67# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 68# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 69# 8:00 CST China 70# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 71# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 72# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 73# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 74# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 75# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 76# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier 77# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 78# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 79# 80# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 81 82# From Guy Harris: 83# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 84# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 85# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 86# Worldwide Edition). 87 88############################################################################### 89 90# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 91# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 92Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 93Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 94Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 95Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 96Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 97Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 98Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 99Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 100Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 102Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103 104# Afghanistan 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 107 4:00 - +04 1945 108 4:30 - +0430 109 110# Armenia 111# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 113# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 114# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 115# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 116# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 117# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 118# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 119# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 120 121# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 122# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 123# follow Russia's "old" rules. 124 125# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 126# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 127# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 128# 129# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 130# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 131# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 132# or 133# (brief) 134# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 137 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 138 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 139 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 140 4:00 - +04 1997 141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 142 143# Azerbaijan 144 145# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 146# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 147# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 148# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 149 150# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 151# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 152# daylight saving time.... 153# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 154# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 155# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 156 157# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 159Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 162 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 163 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 164 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 165 4:00 - +04 1996 166 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 167 4:00 Azer +04/+05 168 169# Bahrain 170# See Asia/Qatar. 171 172# Bangladesh 173# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 174# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 175# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 176# 177# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 178# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 179# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 180# 181# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 182# June 183# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 184# crippling power crisis. " 185# 186# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 187# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 188 189# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 190# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 191# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 192# 193# Some sources: 194# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 195# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 196# 197# Our wrap-up: 198# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 199 200# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 201# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 202# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 203# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 204# 205# No DST end date has been announced yet. 206 207# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 208# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 209# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 210# 211# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 212# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 213# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 214# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 215 216# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 217# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 218# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 219# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 220# "continue for an indefinite period." 221# 222# One of many places where it is published: 223# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 224 225# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 226# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 227# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 228# 229# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 230# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 231# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 232# 233# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 234# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 235# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 236# Minister's Office last night..." 237 238# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 239# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 240# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 241# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 242# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 243 244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 245Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 246Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 247 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 251 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 252 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 253 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 254 6:00 - +06 2009 255 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 256 257# Bhutan 258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 260 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 261 6:00 - +06 262 263# British Indian Ocean Territory 264# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 265# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 266# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 267# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 268# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 271 5:00 - +05 1996 272 6:00 - +06 273 274# Brunei 275# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 276Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 277 7:30 - +0730 1933 278 8:00 - +08 279 280# Burma / Myanmar 281 282# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 283 284# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 286 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 287 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 288 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 289 6:30 - +0630 290 291# Cambodia 292# See Asia/Bangkok. 293 294 295# China 296 297# From Guy Harris: 298# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 299 300# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 301# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 302# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 303# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 304# has two of 'em - Peking's and ��r��mqi (named after the capital of 305# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 306# 307# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 308# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 309# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 310# 311# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 312# 1987 mid-April - ?? 313 314# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 315# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 316# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 317 318# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 319# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 320# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 321# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 322 323# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 324# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 325# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 326# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 327# go with them for DST rules as follows: 328# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 329Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 330Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 331Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 332Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 333Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 334Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 335 336# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 337# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 338# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 339# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 340# 341# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 342# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 343# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 344# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 345# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 346# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 347# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 348# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 349# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 350# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 351 352# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 353# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 354# 355# (1) 356# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 357# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 358# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 359# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ������������������), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 360# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 361# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 362# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 363# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 364# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 365# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 366# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 367# could well have ignored any such mandate. 368# 369# (2) 370# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 371# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 372# [undated and unknown publication location] 373# It says several things: 374# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 375# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 376# the official calendar book of 1914. 377# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 378# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 379# Observatory and set to local mean time. 380# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 381# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 382# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 383# became used by railways as well. 384# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 385# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 386# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 387# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 388# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 389# Japanese-occupied territory. 390# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 391# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 392# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 393# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 394# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 395# 396# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 397# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 398# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 399# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 400# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 401# 402# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 403# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 404# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 405# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 406# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 407# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 408# 409# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 410# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 411# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 412# 413# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 414# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 415# most of China 416# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 417# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 418# 419# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 420# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 421# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 422# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 423# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 424# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 425# 426# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 427# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 428# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 429# disagree with ��r��mqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 430# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 431# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 432# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 433# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 434# east Xinjiang, including ��r��mqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 435# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 436# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 437# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 438# 439# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 440# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 441# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 442# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 443# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 444# and Yarkand. 445 446# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 447# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 448# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 449# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 450# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 451# they implicitly use Beijing time. 452# 453# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 454# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 455# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 456# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 457# local governments such as the ��r��mqi city government use both times in 458# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 459# "��r��mqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 460# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 461# 462# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 463# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 464# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 465# 466# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 467# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 468# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 469# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 470# others moving their clocks ahead.) 471 472# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 473# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 474# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 475# 476# 1. Wulumuqi... 477# 2. Kashi... 478# 3. Urumqi... 479# 4. Kashgar... 480# ... 481# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in ��r��mqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 482# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 483# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 484# 485# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 486# start date for Xinjiang time. 487# 488# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 489# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 490# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 491# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 492 493# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 494# Just a confirmation that ��r��mqi time was implemented in ��r��mqi on 1 Feb 1986: 495# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 496 497# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 498# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 499# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 500# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 501# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 502# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 503# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka ��r��mqi Time or local time; 504# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 505# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 506# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 507# problem is that computers and smart phones list ��r��mqi (or Kashgar) as 508# having the same time as Beijing. 509 510# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 511# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 512# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Kh��tsun, 513# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 514# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 515# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 516# 517# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 518# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 519# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 520# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 521# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 522# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 523# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 524# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 525# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 526# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 527# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 528# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 529# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 530# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 531# +08 mandate back then. 532 533# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 535Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 536 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 537 8:00 PRC C%sT 538# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by ��r��mqi / ��r��mchi 539# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 540Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 541 6:00 - +06 542 543 544# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 545 546# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 547 548# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 549# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 550# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 551# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 552# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 553# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 554# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 555# obtained from 556# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 557 558# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 559# Here are the dates given at 560# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 561# as of 2009-10-28: 562# Year Period 563# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 564# 1942 Whole year 565# 1943 Whole year 566# 1944 Whole year 567# 1945 Whole year 568# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 569# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 570# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 571# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 572# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 573# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 574# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 575# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 576# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 577# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 578# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 579# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 580# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 581# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 582# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 583# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 584# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 585# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 586# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 587# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 588# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 589# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 590# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 591# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 592# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 593# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 594# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 595# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 596# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 597# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 598# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 599# 1977 Nil 600# 1978 Nil 601# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 602# 1980 to Now Nil 603# The page does not give start or end times of day. 604# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 605# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 606# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 607# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 608# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 609 610# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 611Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 612Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 613Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 614Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 615Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 616Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 617Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 618Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 619Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 620Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 621Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 622Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 623Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 624Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 625Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 626Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 627Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 628Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 629Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 630# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 632 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 633 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 634 8:00 HK HK%sT 635 636############################################################################### 637 638# Taiwan 639 640# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 641# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 642# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 643# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 644 645# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 646# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 647# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 648# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 649# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 650# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 651# found on Wikisource: 652# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 653# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 654# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 655# declared officially. 656# 657# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 658# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 659# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 660# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 661# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 662# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 663# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 664# be found on Wikisource: 665# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 666# 667# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 668 669# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 670# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 671# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 672# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 673# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 674# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 675# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 676# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 677# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 678# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 679# that: 680# 681# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 682# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 683# 684# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 685# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 686# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 687# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 688# 689# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 690# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 691# Time. 692# 693# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 694# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 695# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 696# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 697# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 698# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 699 700# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 701# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 702# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 703# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 704# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 705# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 706# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 707# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 708# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 709# would be a good one. 710# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 711# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 712 713# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 714# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 715# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 716# 717# Original Bulletin: 718# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 719# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 720# 721# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 722# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 723# 724# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 725# 726# Here is a brief translation: 727# 728# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 729# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 730# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 731# 732# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 733# be found from historical government announcement database. 734 735# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 736# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 737# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 738# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 739 740# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 741Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 742Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 743Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 744Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 745Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 746Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 747Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 748Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 749Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 750Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 751Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 752Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 753Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 754Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 755Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 756 757# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 758# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 759Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 760 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 761 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 762 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 763 764# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 765# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 766Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 767Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S 768Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 769Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 770Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 771Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S 772Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 773Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S 774Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 775Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 776Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S 777Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D 778Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 779Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 781Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 782 8:00 Macau C%sT 783 784 785############################################################################### 786 787# Cyprus 788 789# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 790# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 791 792# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 793# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 794# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 795# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 796# 797# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 798# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 799# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 800 801# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 802Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 803Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 804Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 805Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 806Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 807Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 808Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 809Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 810Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 811# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 812Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 813 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 814 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 815Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 816 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 817 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 818 3:00 - +03 819 820# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 821# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 822Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 823 824# Georgia 825# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 826# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 827# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 828# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 829# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 830# 831# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 832# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 833# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 834# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 835# 836# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 837# 838# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 839# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 840# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 841# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 842# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 843# of integration into Europe. 844 845# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 846# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 847# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 848# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 849# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 850# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 851# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 852# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 853# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 854 855# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 856# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 857# Go with Byalokoz. 858 859# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 860Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 861 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 862 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 863 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 864 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 865 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 866 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 867 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 868 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 869 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 870 4:00 - +04 871 872# East Timor 873 874# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 875 876# From Jo��o Carrascal��o, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 877# East Timor may be late for its millennium 878# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 879# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 880# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 881# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 882# conflicts with their way of life. 883 884# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 885# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 886# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 887 888# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 889# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 890# (2000-08-16): 891# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 892# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 893# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 894# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 895 896# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 898 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 899 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 900 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 901 9:00 - +09 902 903# India 904 905# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 906# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 907# (2015-12-22): 908# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 909# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 910# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 911# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 912 913# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 914Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 915 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 916 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 917 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 918 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 919 5:30 - IST 920# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 921# Andaman Is 922# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 923# Nicobar Is 924 925# Indonesia 926# 927# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 928# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 929# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 930# 931# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 932# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 933# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 934# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 935# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 936# 937# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 938# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 939# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 940# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 941# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 942# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 943# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 944# R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (��ditions 945# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 946# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 947# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 948# switched on 1945-09-23. 949# 950# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 951# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 952# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 953# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 954# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 955# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 956# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 957# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 958# 959# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 960# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 961# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 962# 963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 964# Java, Sumatra 965Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 966# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 967# but this must be a typo. 968 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 969 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 970 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 971 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 972 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 973 8:00 - +08 1950 May 974 7:30 - +0730 1964 975 7:00 - WIB 976# west and central Borneo 977Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 978 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 979 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 980 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 981 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 982 8:00 - +08 1950 May 983 7:30 - +0730 1964 984 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 985 7:00 - WIB 986# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 987Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 988 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 989 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 990 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 991 8:00 - WITA 992# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 993Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 994 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 995 9:30 - +0930 1964 996 9:00 - WIT 997 998# Iran 999 1000# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1001# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1002# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1003# 1004# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1005# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1006# 1007# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1008# 1009# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1010# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1011# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1012# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1013# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1014# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1015# 1016# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1017# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1018# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1019# Shahrivar. 1020# 1021# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1022# 1023# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1024# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1025# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1026# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1027# 1028# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1029# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1030# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1031# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1032# plan to change that law.... 1033# 1034# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1035# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1036# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1037# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1038# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1039# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1040# 1041# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1042# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1043# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1044# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1045# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1046# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1047# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1048# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1049# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1050# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1051# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1052# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1053# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1054# 1055# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1056# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1057# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1058# 1059# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper N��rgaard Welen: 1060# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1061# daylight saving time ... 1062# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1063# 1064# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1065# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1066# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1067# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1068# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1069# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1070# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1071# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1072# 1073# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1075Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1076Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1077Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1078Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1079Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1083Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1084Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1085Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1086Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1087Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1088Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1089Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1090Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1091Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1092Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1093Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1094Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1095Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1096Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1097Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1098Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1099Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1100Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1101Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1102Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1103Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1104Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1105Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1106Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1107Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1108Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1109Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1110Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1111Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1112Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1113Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1114Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1115Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1116Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1117Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1118Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1119Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1120Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1121# 1122# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1123# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1124# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1125# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1126# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1127Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1128Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1129 1130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1131Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1132 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1133 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1134 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1135 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1136 1137 1138# Iraq 1139# 1140# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1141# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1142# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1143# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1144# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1145# 1146# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1147# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1148# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1149# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1150# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1151# 1152# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1153 1154# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1155# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1156# news sources (in Arabic): 1157# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1158# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1159# 1160# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1161# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1162 1163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1164Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1165Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1166Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1167Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1168Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1169Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1170# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1171# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1172# 1173Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1174Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1176Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1177 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1178 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1179 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1180 1181 1182############################################################################### 1183 1184# Israel 1185 1186# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1187# 1188# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1189# different abbreviations in use: 1190# 1191# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1192# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1193# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1194# 1195# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1196# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1197# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1198# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1199# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1200# settings in Israeli computers. 1201# 1202# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1203# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1204# family is from India). 1205 1206# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1208Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1209Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1210Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1211Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1212Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1213Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1214Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1215Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1216Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1217Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1218Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1219Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1220Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1221Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1222Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1223Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1224Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1225Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1226Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1227Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1228Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1229Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1230Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1231Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1232Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1233Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1234Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1235Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1236Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1237Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1238Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1239Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1240Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1241Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1242Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1243Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1244Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1245Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1246 1247# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1248# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1249# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1250# ends and changes to Sunday. 1251Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1252Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1253 1254# From Ephraim Silverberg 1255# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1256# and 2005-02-17): 1257 1258# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1259# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1260# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1261# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1262# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1263# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1264# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1265# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1266# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1267# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1268# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1269# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1270# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1271# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1272# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1273# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1274# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1275# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1276# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1277# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1278# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1279# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1280 1281# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1282Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1283Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1284Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1285Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1286Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1287Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1288Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1289Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1290Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1291Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1292 1293# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1294# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1295# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1296 1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1298Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1299Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1300Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1301Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1302 1303# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1304# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1305# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1306# 1307# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1308# 1309# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1310# 1311# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1312# 1313# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1314# 1315# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1316 1317# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1318Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1319Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1320Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1321Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1322Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1323Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1324Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1325Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1326 1327# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1328# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1329# years 2001-2004 as well. 1330# 1331# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1332# 1333# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1334# 1335# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1336# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1337# 1338# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1339 1340# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1341Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1342Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1343Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1344Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1345Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1346Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1347Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1348Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1349Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1350Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1351 1352# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1353# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1354# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1355# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1356# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1357# 1358# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1359# 1360# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1361 1362# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1363# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1364# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1365# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1366# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1367# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1368# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1369# 1370# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1371# 1372# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1373# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1374# springtime transitions explicitly. 1375 1376# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1377Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1378Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1379Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1380Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1381Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1382Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1383Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1384Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1385Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1386Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1387Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1388Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1389 1390# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1391# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1392# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1393# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1394# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1395# 1396# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1397# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1398 1399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1400Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1401Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1402 1403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1404Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1405 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1406 2:00 Zion I%sT 1407 1408 1409 1410############################################################################### 1411 1412# Japan 1413 1414# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1415 1416# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1417# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1418# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1419# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1420 1421# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1422# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1423# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1424# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1425# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1426# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1427# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1428# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1429# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1430# wanted to keep it.) 1431 1432# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1433# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1434# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1435Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1436Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1437Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1438Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1439# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1440# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1441# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1442# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1443 1444# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1445# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1446# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1447# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1448# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1449# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1450# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1451# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1452 1453# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1454# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1455# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1456# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1457# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1458# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1459# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1460# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1461# standard.... 1462# 1463# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1464# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1465 1466# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1467# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1468# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1469# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 1470# 1471# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1472# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1473# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1474# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1475 1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1478 9:00 Japan J%sT 1479# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1480 1481# Jordan 1482# 1483# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1484# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1485# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1486# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1487# all year round. 1488# 1489# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1490# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1491# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1492# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1493# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1494# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1495# 1496# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1497# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1498# 1499# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1500# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1501# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1502# 1503# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1504# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1505# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1506# 1507 1508# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1509# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1510# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1511# 1512# Google's translation: 1513# 1514# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1515# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1516# > of the month of March of each year. 1517# 1518# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1519 1520# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1521# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1522 1523# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1524# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1525# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1526# until about the same time next year (at least). 1527# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1528 1529# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1530# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1531# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1532# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1533# Official, in Arabic: 1534# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1535# ... Our background/permalink about it 1536# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1537# ... 1538# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1539# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1540# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1541 1542# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1543# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1544 1545# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1546Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1547Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1548Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1549Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1550Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1551Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1552Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1553Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1554Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1555Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1556Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1557Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1558Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1559Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1560Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1561Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1562Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1563Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1564Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1565Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1566Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1567Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1568Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1569Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1570Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1571Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1572Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1573Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1574Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1575Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1576Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1578Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1579 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1580 1581 1582# Kazakhstan 1583 1584# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1585# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1586# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1587# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1588# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1589# 1590# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1591# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1592# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1593# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1594# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1595# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqt��be, Atyra��, 1596# Mangghysta��, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1597# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1598# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1599 1600# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1601# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1602# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1603# 1604# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1605# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1606# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1607# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1608# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1609# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1610# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1611# 1612# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1613# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1614# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1615# text. 1616# 1617# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1618# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1619# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1620# transition to "summer" time: 1621# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1622# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1623# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1624# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1625# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1626# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1627# Other territories were to not move clocks. 1628# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1629# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1630# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1631# 1632# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1633# was one of such changes. 1634# 1635# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/������������������ ���������� 1636# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1637# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1638# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1639# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1640# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1641# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1642# move clocks.) 1643# 1644# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1645# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1646# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1647# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1648# 1649# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1650# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1651# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1652# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1653# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1654# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1655# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1656# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1657# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1658# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1659# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1660# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1661# time belt). 1662# 1663# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1664# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyra�� and Qostanay oblasts; from 1665# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1666# 1667# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1668# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1669# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1670# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1671# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1672# and the fifth time belts respectively. 1673# 1674# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1675# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1676# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1677# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghysta�� 1678# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1679# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1680# result).... 1681# 1682# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1683# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1684# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1685# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1686# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1687# 1688# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1689# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1690# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1691# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyra�� oblast since the 1692# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1693# time belt. 1694# 1695# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1696# 1697# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1698# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1699# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1700# replaces the previous five documents. 1701# 1702# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1703# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1704# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1705# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1706# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1707# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1708# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1709# 1710# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1711# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1712# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1713# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1714# 1715# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1716# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1717# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1718# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1719# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1720# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1721# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1722# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1723# amended before implementation happened. 1724# 1725# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1726# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1727# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1728# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1729# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1730# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyra��, West Kazakhstan, 1731# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghysta�� oblasts by not moving clocks 1732# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1733# 1734# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyra�� oblast (no 1735# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1736# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1737# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1738# 1739# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1740# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1741# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1742# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1743# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1744# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1745# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1746# time. 1747# 1748# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1749# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1750# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1751# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1752 1753# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1754# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1755# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1756# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1757# according to wikipedia.) 1758# 1759# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1760# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1761# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1762# how that could happen.... 1763# 1764# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1765# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1766# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1767# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1768 1769# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1770# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1771 1772# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773# 1774# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1775# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1776# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1777Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1778 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1779 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1780 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1781 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1782 6:00 - +06 1783# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1784# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 1785# see comments below. 1786Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1787 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1788 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1789 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1790 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1791 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1792 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1793 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1794 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1795 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1796 6:00 - +06 1797# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 1798# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 1799# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 1800# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 1801#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1802# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1803# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1804# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1805# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1806# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1807# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1808# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1809# 6:00 - +06 1810# 1811# Aqt��be (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 1812Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1813 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1814 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1815 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1816 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1817 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1818 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1819 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1820 5:00 - +05 1821# Mangghysta�� (KZ-MAN) 1822# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1823# so include time stamps before 1963. 1824Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1825 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1827 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1830 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1831 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1832 5:00 - +05 1833# Atyra�� (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghysta�� except it switched from 1834# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 1835Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 1836 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1837 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1838 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1839 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1841 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 1842 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1843 5:00 - +05 1844# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1845# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1846# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1847Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1848 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1849 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1850 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1851 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1854 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1855 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1856 5:00 - +05 1857 1858# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1859# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1860 1861# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1862# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1863# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1864# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1865# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1866# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1867# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1868# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1869 1870# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1871Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1872Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1873Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1874Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1875# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1876Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1877 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1878 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1879 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1880 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1881 6:00 - +06 1882 1883############################################################################### 1884 1885# Korea (North and South) 1886 1887# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1888# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1889# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1890# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1891# between 1987 and 1988 ... 1892 1893# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1894# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1895# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1896# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/������_��������� 1897# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1898# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1899# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1900# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1901# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1902# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1903 1904# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1905Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1906Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1907Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1908Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1909Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1910Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1911Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1912Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1913Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1914Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1915Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1916Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1917Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1918Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1919 1920# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1921# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1922# 1923# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1924# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1925# (Announcement No. 338) 1926# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1927# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1928# 1929# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1930# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1931# 1932# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1933# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1934# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1935# 1936# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1937# have no information otherwise. 1938 1939# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1940# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1941# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1942# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1943# 1944# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1945# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1946# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1947# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1948# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1949# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1950 1951# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1952Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1953 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1955 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1956 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1957 9:00 ROK K%sT 1958Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1959 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1960 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1961 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1962 8:30 - KST 1963 1964############################################################################### 1965 1966# Kuwait 1967# See Asia/Riyadh. 1968 1969# Laos 1970# See Asia/Bangkok. 1971 1972 1973# Lebanon 1974# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1975Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1976Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1977Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1978Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1979Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1980Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1981Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1982Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1983Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1984Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1985Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1986Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1987Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1988Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1989Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1990Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1991Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1992Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1993Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1994Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1995Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1996Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1997Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1998Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1999# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2000Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2001 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2002 2003# Malaysia 2004# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2005Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 2006Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2007# 2008# peninsular Malaysia 2009# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2010# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2011# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2012Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2013 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2014 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2015 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2016 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2017 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2018 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2019 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2020 8:00 - +08 2021# Sabah & Sarawak 2022# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2023# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2024# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2025# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2026Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2027 7:30 - +0730 1933 2028 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2029 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2030 8:00 - +08 2031 2032# Maldives 2033# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2034Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 2035 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 2036 5:00 - +05 2037 2038# Mongolia 2039 2040# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2041# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2042# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2043 2044# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2045# General Information Mongolia 2046# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2047# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2048# Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2049# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2050# eight hours." 2051 2052# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2053# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2054# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2055# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2056# of implementation may have been different.... 2057# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2058# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2059# S��khbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2060 2061# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2062# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2063# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2064# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2065# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2066# is good enough for our purposes. 2067 2068# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2069# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2070# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2071# there are three time zones. 2072# 2073# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2074# Provinces [at 8:00]: Kh��vsg��l, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, T��v, 2075# Bayankhongor, ��v��rkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, ��mn��govi 2076# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, S��khbaatar 2077# 2078# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2079 2080# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2081# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2082# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2083# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2084# 2085# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2086# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2087# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2088 2089# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2090# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2091# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2092# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2093# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyk��nen (2005-05-16) reports that 2094# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2095# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2096# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2097# He also found 2098# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2099# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2100# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2101# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2102# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but S��khbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2103# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2104# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2105# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2106 2107# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2108# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2109# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2110# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2111 2112# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2113# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2114# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2115# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2116# database on this, e.g.: 2117# 2118# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2119# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2120# 2121# both say GMT+08:00. 2122 2123# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2124# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2125# schedule here: 2126# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2127# (click the English flag for English) 2128# 2129# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2130# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2131# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2132# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2133# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2134# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2135 2136# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2137# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2138# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2139# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2140# this is almost surely wrong. 2141 2142# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2143# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2144# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2145# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2146# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2147# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2148 2149# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2150Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2151Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2152# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2153# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2154# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2155# 2156# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2157# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and S��khbaatar) took place 2158# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2159# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2160# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2161# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2162 2163# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2164# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2165# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2166 2167Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2168Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2169# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2170Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2171Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2172Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2173Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2174Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2175 2176# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2177# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2178Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2179 6:00 - +06 1978 2180 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2181# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2182Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2183 7:00 - +07 1978 2184 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2185# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan T��men, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2186# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2187Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2188 7:00 - +07 1978 2189 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2190 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2191 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2192 2193# Nepal 2194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2195Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2196 5:30 - +0530 1986 2197 5:45 - +0545 2198 2199# Oman 2200# See Asia/Dubai. 2201 2202# Pakistan 2203 2204# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2205# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2206# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2207# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2208# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2209# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2210 2211# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2212# Jesper N��rgaard found this URL: 2213# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2214# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2215# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2216# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2217# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2218# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2219# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2220# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2221# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2222 2223# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2224# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2225# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2226 2227# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2228# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2229# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2230# 2231# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2232# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2233# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2234# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2235# 2236# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2237# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2238 2239# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2240# 2241# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2242# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2243# 2244# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2245# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2246# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2247# 2248# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2249# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2250 2251# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2252# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2253 2254# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2255# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2256# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2257# instead of August 31. 2258# 2259# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2260# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2261 2262# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2263# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2264# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2265# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2266# official working." 2267# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2268# 2269# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2270# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2271# 2272# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2273# April 08, 2009 2274# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2275# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2276# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2277# 2278# .... 2279# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2280# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2281# conserve energy" 2282 2283# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2284# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2285# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2286# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2287# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2288# this regard." 2289# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2290 2291# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2292# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2293# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2294# October 1, 2009. 2295# 2296# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2297# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2298# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2299# 2300# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2301# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2302# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2303# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2304# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2305# Monday." 2306# 2307# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2308# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2309# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2310# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2311# 2312# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2313# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2314# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2315 2316# From Christoph G��hre (2009-10-01): 2317# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2318# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2319 2320# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2321# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2322# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2323# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2324# > 2325# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2326# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2327# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2328# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2329# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2330# 2331# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2332# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2333# 2334# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2335# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2336 2337# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2338Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2339Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2340Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2341Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2342Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2343 2344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2345Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2346 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2347 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2348 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2349 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2350 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2351 2352# Palestine 2353 2354# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2355# 2356# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2357# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2358# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2359# 2360# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2361# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2362# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2363# though. 2364# 2365# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2366# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2367# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2368# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2369# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2370# East Jerusalem. 2371# 2372# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2373# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2374# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2375# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2376# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2377# 2378# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2379# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2380# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2381# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2382# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2383# Jordanian one). 2384# 2385# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2386# 2387# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2388# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2389# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2390# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2391# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2392# 2393# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2394# have one). 2395 2396# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2397# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2398# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2399# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2400# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2401# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2402# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2403# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2404# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2405# to Palestine's rules. 2406 2407# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2408# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2409# 2410# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2411# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2412# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2413# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2414 2415# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2416# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2417# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2418# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2419# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2420# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2421# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2422# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2423 2424# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2425# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2426 2427# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2428# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2429# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2430# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2431# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2432 2433# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2434# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2435# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2436# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2437# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2438# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2439# the West Bank. 2440 2441# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2442# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2443# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2444# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2445# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2446# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2447# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2448# because of the Ramadan. 2449 2450# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2451# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2452# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2453 2454# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2455# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2456# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2457# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2458# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2459# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2460 2461# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2462# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2463# 2464# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2465# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2466# 2467# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2468# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2469# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2470 2471# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2472# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2473# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2474# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2475# 2476# (in Arabic) 2477# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2478# 2479# (English translation) 2480# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2481 2482# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2483# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2484# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2485# 2486# One news source: 2487# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2488# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2489# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2490# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2491# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2492# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2493# 2494# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2495# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2496# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2497 2498# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2499# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2500# 2501# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2502# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2503# 2504# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2505# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2506# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2507# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2508 2509# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2510# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2511# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2512# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2513# 2514# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2515# (in Arabic) 2516# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2517 2518# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2519# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2520# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2521# noon though: 2522# 2523# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2524# (Ma'an News Agency) 2525# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2526# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2527 2528# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2529# According to several sources, including 2530# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2531# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2532# Gaza and the West Bank. 2533# Some more background info: 2534# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2535 2536# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2537# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2538# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2539# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2540# Ramadan. 2541# 2542# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2543# Additional info: 2544# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2545 2546# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2547# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2548# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2549# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2550# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2551# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2552# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2553# ... 2554# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2555# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2556# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2557 2558# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2559# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2560# 00:00). 2561# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2562# 2563# Many sources, including: 2564# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2565 2566# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2567# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2568# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2569# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2570# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2571# 2572# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2573# 2574# Our brief summary: 2575# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2576 2577# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2578# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2579# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2580# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2581# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2582# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2583 2584# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2585# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2586# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2587# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2588# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2589# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2590# official source...: 2591# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2592 2593# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2594# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2595# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2596# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2597# 2598# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2599# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2600# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2601 2602# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2603# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2604# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2605# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2606# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2607# 2608# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): 2609# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2610 2611# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2612# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2613# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2614# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2615# 2616# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2617# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2618# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2619# predictions. 2620# 2621# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2622# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2623# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2624# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2625 2626# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2627Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2628Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2629Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2630Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2631Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2632Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2633 2634Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2635Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2636Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2637Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2638Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2639Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2640Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2641Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2642Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2643Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2644Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2645Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2646Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2647Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2648Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2649Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2650Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2651Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2652Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2653Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2654Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2655Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S 2656Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2657 2658# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2659Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2660 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2661 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2662 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2663 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2664 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2665 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2666 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2667 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2668 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2669 2:00 - EET 2012 2670 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2671 2672Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2673 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2674 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2675 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2676 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2677 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2678 2679# Paracel Is 2680# no information 2681 2682# Philippines 2683# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claver��a, governor-general of the 2684# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2685# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2686# History of the International Date Line 2687# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2688# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2689 2690# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2691# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2692# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2693# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2694# but no details] 2695 2696# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2697# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2698# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2699# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2700# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2701# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2702# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2703 2704# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2705Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2706Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2707Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2708Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2709Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2710Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2711# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2712Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2713 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2714 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May 2715 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov 2716 8:00 Phil +08/+09 2717 2718# Qatar 2719# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2720Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2721 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2722 3:00 - +03 2723Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2724 2725# Saudi Arabia 2726# 2727# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2728# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2729# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2730# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2731# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2732# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2733# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2734# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2735# 2736# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2737# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2738# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2739# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2740# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2741# earlier date. 2742# 2743# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2744# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2745# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2746# 2747# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2748Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2749 3:00 - +03 2750Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2751Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2752 2753# Singapore 2754# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2755# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2757Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2758 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2759 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2760 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2761 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2762 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2763 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2764 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2765 8:00 - +08 2766 2767# Spratly Is 2768# no information 2769 2770# Sri Lanka 2771 2772# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2773# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2774# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2775# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2776# Shanks and Pottenger. 2777 2778# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2779# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2780# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2781# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2782# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2783# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2784# 2785# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2786# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2787# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2788# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2789# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2790 2791# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2792# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2793# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2794# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2795 2796# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2797# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2798# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2799# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2800# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2801# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2802# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2803# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2804 2805# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2806# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2807# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2808# standard time is SLST. 2809# 2810# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2811# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2812# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2813# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2814# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2815# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2816# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2817# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2818# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2819 2820# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2821Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2822 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2823 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2824 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 2825 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2826 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2827 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2828 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2829 5:30 - +0530 2830 2831# Syria 2832# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2833Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2834Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2835Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2836Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2837Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2838Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2839Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2840Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2841Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2842Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2843Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2844Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2845Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2846Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2847Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2848Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2849Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2850Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2851Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2852Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2853Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2854Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2855Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2856Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2857Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2858Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2859Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2860Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2861# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2862# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2863# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2864# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2865# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2866# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2867Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2868Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2869Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2870Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2871# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2872# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2873# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2874Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2875# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2876# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2877# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2878Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2879# From Jesper N��rgaard (2007-10-27): 2880# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2881# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2882# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2883# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2884# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2885# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2886# 2887# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2888# Jesper N��rgaard Welen wrote: 2889# 2890# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2891# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2892# 2893# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2894# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2895# 2896# which using Google's translate tools says: 2897# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2898# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2899# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2900Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2901 2902# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2903# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2904# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2905# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2906# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2907# Variation 2908# Syrian Arab 2909# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2910# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2911# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2912 2913# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2914# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2915# Agency (SANA)... 2916# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2917# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2918# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2919# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2920# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2921# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2922 2923# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2924# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2925# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2926# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2927# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2928 2929# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2930# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2931# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2932# 2933# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2934# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2935# clocks back 60 minutes). 2936# 2937# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2938 2939# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2940# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2941# two examples: 2942# 2943# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2944# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2945# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2946# (Arabic, gov-site) 2947# 2948# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2949# 2950# Our summary 2951# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2952 2953# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2954# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2955# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2956# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2957# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2958 2959# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2960# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2961# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2962# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2963 2964# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2965# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2966# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2967# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2968# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2969 2970# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2971# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2972# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2973# 2974# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2975# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2976# 2977# Our brief summary: 2978# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2979 2980# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2981# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2982 2983Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2984Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2985Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2986Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2987Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2988Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2989 2990# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2991Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2992 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2993 2994# Tajikistan 2995# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2996# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2997Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2998 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2999 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3000 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3001 5:00 - +05 3002 3003# Thailand 3004# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3005Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3006 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3007 7:00 - +07 3008Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3009Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3010 3011# Turkmenistan 3012# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3013# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3014Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3015 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3016 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3017 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3018 5:00 - +05 3019 3020# United Arab Emirates 3021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3022Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3023 4:00 - +04 3024Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3025 3026# Uzbekistan 3027# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3028# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3029Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3030 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3031 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3032 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3033 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3034 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3035 5:00 - +05 3036# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3037Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3038 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3039 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3040 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3041 5:00 - +05 3042 3043# Vietnam 3044 3045# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3046# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3047# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3048# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3049# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3050 3051# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3052# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3053# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3054 3055# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Tr���n Ng���c Qu��n: 3056# Tr���n Ti���n B��nh's authoritative book "L���ch Vi���t Nam: th��� k��� XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3057# (Nh�� xu���t b���n V��n Ho�� - Th��ng Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3058# is quoted verbatim in: 3059# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3060# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3061# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3062# and is the basis for the information below. 3063# 3064# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3065# Ph�� Li���n Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 3066# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3067# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3068# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3069# which is used below even though the modern-day Ph�� Li���n Observatory 3070# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Ph�� Li���n Mean Time as PLMT. 3071# 3072# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3073# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3074# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3075# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3076# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3077# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3078# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3079# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3080# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3081# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3082# 3083# Tr���n cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3084# 3085# Ho��ng Xu��n H��n: "L���ch v�� l���ch Vi���t Nam". T���p san Khoa h���c X�� h���i, 3086# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3087# 3088# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch v�� ni��n bi���u l���ch s��� hai m����i th��� k��� (0001-2010)", 3089# NXB Th���ng k��, Hanoi, 2000. 3090# 3091# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch hai th��� k��� (1802-2010) v�� c��c l���ch v��nh c���u", 3092# NXB Thu���n Ho��, Hu���, 1995. 3093 3094# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3095Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3096 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Ph�� Li���n MT 3097 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3098 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3099 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3100 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3101 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3102 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3103 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3104 7:00 - +07 3105 3106# Yemen 3107# See Asia/Riyadh. 3108