1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 33# 34# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38# 39# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45# 46# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48# I found in the UCLA library. 49# 50# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53# 54# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 55# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 56# 57# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 58# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 59# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 60# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 61# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 62# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 63# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 64# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 65# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 66# 67# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 68# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 69# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 70# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 71# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 72# +01 WAT West Africa Time 73# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 74# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 75# cannot now come up with solid citations. 76# 77# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 78# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 79# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 80# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 81# +03 EAT East Africa Time 82# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 83# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 84 85# Algeria 86# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 92Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 94Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 95Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 96Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 97Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 98Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 99Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 100Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 101Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 102Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 103Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 104Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 105Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 106Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 107Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 108Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 109# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 110# more precise 0:09:21. 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 113 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 114 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 115 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 116 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 117 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 118 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 119 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 120 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 121 1:00 - CET 122 123# Angola 124# Benin 125# See Africa/Lagos. 126 127# Botswana 128# See Africa/Maputo. 129 130# Burkina Faso 131# See Africa/Abidjan. 132 133# Burundi 134# See Africa/Maputo. 135 136# Cameroon 137# See Africa/Lagos. 138 139# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 140# 141# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 142# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 143# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 144# merely made it official? 145# 146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 148 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 149 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 150 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 151 -1:00 - -01 152 153# Central African Republic 154# See Africa/Lagos. 155 156# Chad 157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 159 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 160 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 161 1:00 - WAT 162 163# Comoros 164# See Africa/Nairobi. 165 166# Democratic Republic of the Congo 167# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 168 169# Republic of the Congo 170# See Africa/Lagos. 171 172# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 175 0:00 - GMT 176Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 177Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 178Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 179Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 180Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 181Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 182Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 183Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 184Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 185Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 186 187# Djibouti 188# See Africa/Nairobi. 189 190############################################################################### 191 192# Egypt 193 194# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 195# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 196# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 197# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 198 199# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 200Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 202Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 203Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 204Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 206Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 207Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 210Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 213Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 214Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 219# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 220# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 221 222# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 223# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 224# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 225# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 226# 227# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 228# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 229# or 230# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 231Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 232Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 234# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 235# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 236# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 237# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 238Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 239# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 240# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 241# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 242# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 243# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 244# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 245# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 246# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 247Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 248# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 249# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 250# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 251# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 252# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 253# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 254# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 255# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 256# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 257 258# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 259# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 260# 261# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 262# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 263# Apr 23 264# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 265# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 266# Apr 24 267# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 268# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 269# Aug 27 270# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 271# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 272# Aug 27 273# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 274# 275# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 276# :59) 277# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 278# 279# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 280# 281# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 282# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 283# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 284 285# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 286# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 287# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 288# in September. 289 290# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 291# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 292# Information and Decision Support Center: 293# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 294# 295# The Middle East News Agency 296# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 297# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 298# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 299# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 300# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 301# (at least today). 302 303# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 304# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 305# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 306# Ramadan. 307# 308# Arabic translation: 309# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 310# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 311# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 312 313# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 314# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 315# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 316 317# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 318# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 319 320# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 321# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 322# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 323# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 324# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 325# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 326# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 327# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 328# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 329# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 330# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 331# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 332 333# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 334# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 335# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 336# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 337# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 338# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 339 340# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 341# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 342# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 343# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 344# dates not yet announced.... 345# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 346# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 347 348# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 349# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 350# least for 2015. 351# 352# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 353# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 354# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 355# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 356# practice altogether in future years." 357# 358# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 359# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 360# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 361# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 362 363# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 364# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 365# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 366# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 367# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 368 369Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 370Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 372Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 373Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 374Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 375Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 376Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 377Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 378 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 381 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 382 383# Equatorial Guinea 384# See Africa/Lagos. 385 386# Eritrea 387# Ethiopia 388# See Africa/Nairobi. 389 390# Gabon 391# See Africa/Lagos. 392 393# Gambia 394# See Africa/Abidjan. 395 396# Ghana 397# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 398# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 399# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 400# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 401# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 402# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 403# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 404Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 405Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 408 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 409 410# Guinea 411# See Africa/Abidjan. 412 413# Guinea-Bissau 414# 415# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 416# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 417# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 418# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 419# 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 422 -1:00 - -01 1975 423 0:00 - GMT 424 425# Kenya 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 428 3:00 - EAT 1930 429 2:30 - +0230 1940 430 2:45 - +0245 1960 431 3:00 - EAT 432Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 433Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 434Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 435Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 436Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 437Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 438Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 439Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 440Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 441 442# Lesotho 443# See Africa/Johannesburg. 444 445# Liberia 446# 447# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 448# 449# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 450# 451# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset 452# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 453# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 454# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 455# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 456# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 457# 458# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 459# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 460# 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 463 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 464 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 465 0:00 - GMT 466 467############################################################################### 468 469# Libya 470 471# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 472# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 473# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 474# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 475# 476# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 477# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 478# 479# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 480# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 481# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 482# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 483# lastFri instead of lastSun). 484 485# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 486# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 487# cancelled yesterday.... 488# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 489# 490# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 491# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 492 493# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 494Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 495Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 496Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 497Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 498Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 499Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 500Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 501Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 502Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 503Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 504Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 505Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 506Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 507Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 508Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 509Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 510Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 511# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 512Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 513 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 514 2:00 - EET 1982 515 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 516# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 517# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 518 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 519 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 520 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 521 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 522 2:00 - EET 523 524# Madagascar 525# See Africa/Nairobi. 526 527# Malawi 528# See Africa/Maputo. 529 530# Mali 531# Mauritania 532# See Africa/Abidjan. 533 534# Mauritius 535 536# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 537# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 538# basis.... 539# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 540# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 541# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 542 543# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 544# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 545 546# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 547# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 548# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 549# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 550 551# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 552# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 553 554# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 555# According to 556# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 557# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 558# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 559# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 560# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 561# 562# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 563# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 564# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 565# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 566# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 567# changes two days later. 568 569# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 570# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 571# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 572# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 573# 574# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 575# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 576# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 577# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 578 579# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 580# The Government of Mauritius weblink 581# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 582# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 583# 584# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 585# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 586# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 587# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 588# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 589# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 590# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 591# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 592# and end on 29 March 2009. 593 594# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 595# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 596# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 597# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 598# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 599 600# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 601# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 602# DST the coming summer... 603# 604# Some sources, in French: 605# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 606# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 607# 608# Our wrap-up: 609# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 610 611# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 612# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 613# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 614# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 615 616# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 617Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 618Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 619Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 620Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 621# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 623 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 624# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 625# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 626 627# Mayotte 628# See Africa/Nairobi. 629 630# Morocco 631# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 632 633# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 634# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 635# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 636# 637# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 638# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 639# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 640# 641# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 642# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 643 644# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 645# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 646# Presse: 647# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 648# 649# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 650# spokesman. 651 652# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 653# According to this article: 654# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 655# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 656# the changes occur at midnight: 657# 658# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 659# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 660# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 661# 662# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 663# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 664# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 665# June 1st to Sept 27th. 666# 667# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 668# published on the web. 669# 670# It's also confirmed here: 671# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 672# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 673# posted in English). 674# 675# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 676# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 677 678# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 679# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 680# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 681# of September: 682# 683# One article about it (in French): 684# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 685# 686# We have some further details posted here: 687# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 688 689# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 690# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 691# to many sources, such as 692# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 693# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 694# (French) 695# 696# Our summary: 697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 698 699# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 700# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 701# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 702# 703# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 704# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 705# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 706# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 707# 708# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 709# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 710 711# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 712# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 713# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 714# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 715# 716# Example: 717# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 718# (French) 719# Our page: 720# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 721 722# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 723# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 724# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 725# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 726# ...Official links of change in morocco 727# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 728# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 729# +212.537.71.84.00 730# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 731# They said that 732# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 733# is the official publication to look at. 734# They said that the decision was already taken. 735# 736# More articles in the press 737# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 738# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 739# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 740 741# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 742# They have it written in English here: 743# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 744# 745# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 746# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 747# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 748# also been like that in the past. 749 750# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 751# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 752# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 753# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 754# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 755# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 756# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 757# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 758# except the month of Ramadan. 759# or (brief) 760# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 761 762# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 763# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 764# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 765# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 766# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 767# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 768 769# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 770# Seen Morocco change again: 771# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 772# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 773# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 774 775# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 776# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 777# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 778# 779# Google translation, lightly edited: 780# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 781# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 782# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 783# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 784# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 785# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 786# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 787# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 788# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 789 790# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 791# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 792# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 793# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 794# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 795# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 796 797# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 798# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 799# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 800# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 801 802# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 803# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 804# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 805# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 806# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 807# source (French): 808# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 809# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 810# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 811 812# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 813# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 814 815# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 816# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 817# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 818# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 819# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 820 821# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 822# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 823# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 824# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 825# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 826# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 827# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 828# Source (french): 829# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 830# 831# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 832# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 833# 834# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 835# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 836# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 837# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 838# <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 839# with the patch. 840 841# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 842# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 843# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 844# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 845# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 846# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 847# results integrated by hand into the table below. 848# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 849# (require 'cal-islam) 850# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 851# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 852# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 853# (sunday 0)) 854# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 855# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 856# (setq b (1+ b))) 857# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 858# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 859# (insert 860# (format 861# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 862# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 863# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 864# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 865# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 866 867# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 868 869Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 870Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 871Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 872Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 874Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 875Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 876Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 878Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 879Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 888Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 897Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 899Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 900Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 901Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 902Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 903Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 904Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 906Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 908Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 916Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 917Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 918Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 919Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 920Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 921Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 922Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 923 924# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 925Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 926 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 927 1:00 - CET 1986 928 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 929 930# Western Sahara 931# 932# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 933# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 934# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 935# Morocco does. 936# 937# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 938# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 939# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 940 941Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 942 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 943 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 944 945# Mozambique 946# 947# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 948# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 949# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 950# merely made it official? 951# 952# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 953Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 954 2:00 - CAT 955Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 956Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 957Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 958Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 959Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 960Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 961Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 962 963# Namibia 964# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 965# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 966 967# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 968# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 969# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 970# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 971# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 972# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 973# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 974# of the country. 975# 976# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 977# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 978# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 979# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 980# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 981# http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 982 983# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 984Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 985Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 987Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 988 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 989 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 990 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 991 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 992 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 993 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 994 995# Niger 996# See Africa/Lagos. 997 998# Nigeria 999# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1000Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1001 1:00 - WAT 1002Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1007Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1008Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1009Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1010Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1011 1012# R��union 1013# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1015 4:00 - +04 1016# 1017# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1018# 1019# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1020# The following information about them is taken from 1021# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1022# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1023# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1024# 1025# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1026# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1027# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1028# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1029# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1030 1031# Rwanda 1032# See Africa/Maputo. 1033 1034# St Helena 1035# See Africa/Abidjan. 1036# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1037# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1038# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1039# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1040# on GMT, says the CIA 1041# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1042 1043# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1044# Senegal 1045# See Africa/Abidjan. 1046 1047# Seychelles 1048# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1049Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1050 4:00 - +04 1051# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1052# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1053# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1054# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1055# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1056# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1057 1058# Sierra Leone 1059# See Africa/Abidjan. 1060 1061# Somalia 1062# See Africa/Nairobi. 1063 1064# South Africa 1065# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1066Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1067Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1068# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1069Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1070 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1071 2:00 SA SAST 1072Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1073Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1074# 1075# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1076# scientific station since 1947 1077# no information 1078 1079# Sudan 1080# 1081# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1082# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1083# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1084# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1085# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1086# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1087# 1088# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1089Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1090Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1091Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1092Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1093# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1094Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1095 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1096 3:00 - EAT 1097 1098# South Sudan 1099Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1100 1101# Swaziland 1102# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1103 1104# Tanzania 1105# See Africa/Nairobi. 1106 1107# Togo 1108# See Africa/Abidjan. 1109 1110# Tunisia 1111 1112# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1113# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1114# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1115# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1116# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1117# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1118# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1119# Saturday." (My translation) 1120# 1121# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1122# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1123# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1124# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1125# 1h standard time. 1126# 1127# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1128# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1129# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1130# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1131# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1132 1133# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1134# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1135# (Arabic) 1136# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1137# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1138# 1139# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1140# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1141# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1142 1143# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1144# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1145# 1146# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1147# 1148# (in English) 1149# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1150# 1151# (in Arabic) 1152# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1153 1154# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1155# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1156# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1157# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1158# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1159# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1160 1161# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1162# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1163# 1164# (translation): 1165# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1166# Sunday... 1167# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1168# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1169# 1170# (in Arabic) 1171# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1172# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1173# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1174 1175# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1176Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1177Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1178Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1179Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1180Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1181Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1182Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1183Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1184Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1185Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1186Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1187Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1188Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1189Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1190Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1191Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1192Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1193Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1194Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1195Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1197Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1198Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1199Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1200Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1201 1202# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1203# more precise 0:09:21. 1204# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1205# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1206Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1207 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1208 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1209 1210# Uganda 1211# See Africa/Nairobi. 1212 1213# Zambia 1214# Zimbabwe 1215# See Africa/Maputo. 1216