xref: /openjdk9/jdk/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/java2d/SunGraphics2D.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package sun.java2d;

import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.RenderingHints.Key;
import java.awt.geom.Area;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.geom.NoninvertibleTransformException;
import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImageOp;
import java.awt.image.RenderedImage;
import java.awt.image.renderable.RenderableImage;
import java.awt.image.renderable.RenderContext;
import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;
import java.awt.image.Raster;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Composite;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.image.ColorModel;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.Paint;
import java.awt.GradientPaint;
import java.awt.LinearGradientPaint;
import java.awt.RadialGradientPaint;
import java.awt.TexturePaint;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.geom.PathIterator;
import java.awt.geom.GeneralPath;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.Stroke;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.image.ImageObserver;
import java.awt.Transparency;
import java.awt.font.GlyphVector;
import java.awt.font.TextLayout;

import sun.awt.image.SurfaceManager;
import sun.font.FontDesignMetrics;
import sun.font.FontUtilities;
import sun.java2d.pipe.PixelDrawPipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.PixelFillPipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.ShapeDrawPipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.ValidatePipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.ShapeSpanIterator;
import sun.java2d.pipe.Region;
import sun.java2d.pipe.TextPipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.DrawImagePipe;
import sun.java2d.pipe.LoopPipe;
import sun.java2d.loops.FontInfo;
import sun.java2d.loops.RenderLoops;
import sun.java2d.loops.CompositeType;
import sun.java2d.loops.SurfaceType;
import sun.java2d.loops.Blit;
import sun.java2d.loops.MaskFill;
import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
import sun.java2d.loops.XORComposite;
import sun.awt.ConstrainableGraphics;
import sun.awt.SunHints;
import sun.awt.util.PerformanceLogger;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Iterator;

import java.lang.annotation.Native;
import java.awt.image.MultiResolutionImage;

import static java.awt.geom.AffineTransform.TYPE_FLIP;
import static java.awt.geom.AffineTransform.TYPE_MASK_SCALE;
import static java.awt.geom.AffineTransform.TYPE_TRANSLATION;
import java.awt.image.VolatileImage;
import sun.awt.image.MultiResolutionToolkitImage;
import sun.awt.image.ToolkitImage;

/**
 * This is a the master Graphics2D superclass for all of the Sun
 * Graphics implementations.  This class relies on subclasses to
 * manage the various device information, but provides an overall
 * general framework for performing all of the requests in the
 * Graphics and Graphics2D APIs.
 *
 * @author Jim Graham
 */
public final class SunGraphics2D
    extends Graphics2D
    implements ConstrainableGraphics, Cloneable, DestSurfaceProvider
{
    /*
     * Attribute States
     */
    /* Paint */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_CUSTOM       = 6; /* Any other Paint object */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_TEXTURE      = 5; /* Tiled Image */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_RAD_GRADIENT = 4; /* Color RadialGradient */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_LIN_GRADIENT = 3; /* Color LinearGradient */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_GRADIENT     = 2; /* Color Gradient */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_ALPHACOLOR   = 1; /* Non-opaque Color */
    @Native
    public static final int PAINT_OPAQUECOLOR  = 0; /* Opaque Color */

    /* Composite*/
    @Native
    public static final int COMP_CUSTOM = 3;/* Custom Composite */
    @Native
    public static final int COMP_XOR    = 2;/* XOR Mode Composite */
    @Native
    public static final int COMP_ALPHA  = 1;/* AlphaComposite */
    @Native
    public static final int COMP_ISCOPY = 0;/* simple stores into destination,
                                             * i.e. Src, SrcOverNoEa, and other
                                             * alpha modes which replace
                                             * the destination.
                                             */

    /* Stroke */
    @Native
    public static final int STROKE_CUSTOM = 3; /* custom Stroke */
    @Native
    public static final int STROKE_WIDE   = 2; /* BasicStroke */
    @Native
    public static final int STROKE_THINDASHED   = 1; /* BasicStroke */
    @Native
    public static final int STROKE_THIN   = 0; /* BasicStroke */

    /* Transform */
    @Native
    public static final int TRANSFORM_GENERIC = 4; /* any 3x2 */
    @Native
    public static final int TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE = 3; /* scale XY */
    @Native
    public static final int TRANSFORM_ANY_TRANSLATE = 2; /* non-int translate */
    @Native
    public static final int TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE = 1; /* int translate */
    @Native
    public static final int TRANSFORM_ISIDENT = 0; /* Identity */

    /* Clipping */
    @Native
    public static final int CLIP_SHAPE       = 2; /* arbitrary clip */
    @Native
    public static final int CLIP_RECTANGULAR = 1; /* rectangular clip */
    @Native
    public static final int CLIP_DEVICE      = 0; /* no clipping set */

    /* The following fields are used when the current Paint is a Color. */
    public int eargb;  // ARGB value with ExtraAlpha baked in
    public int pixel;  // pixel value for eargb

    public SurfaceData surfaceData;

    public PixelDrawPipe drawpipe;
    public PixelFillPipe fillpipe;
    public DrawImagePipe imagepipe;
    public ShapeDrawPipe shapepipe;
    public TextPipe textpipe;
    public MaskFill alphafill;

    public RenderLoops loops;

    public CompositeType imageComp;     /* Image Transparency checked on fly */

    public int paintState;
    public int compositeState;
    public int strokeState;
    public int transformState;
    public int clipState;

    public Color foregroundColor;
    public Color backgroundColor;

    public AffineTransform transform;
    public int transX;
    public int transY;

    protected static final Stroke defaultStroke = new BasicStroke();
    protected static final Composite defaultComposite = AlphaComposite.SrcOver;
    private static final Font defaultFont =
        new Font(Font.DIALOG, Font.PLAIN, 12);

    public Paint paint;
    public Stroke stroke;
    public Composite composite;
    protected Font font;
    protected FontMetrics fontMetrics;

    public int renderHint;
    public int antialiasHint;
    public int textAntialiasHint;
    protected int fractionalMetricsHint;

    /* A gamma adjustment to the colour used in lcd text blitting */
    public int lcdTextContrast;
    private static int lcdTextContrastDefaultValue = 140;

    private int interpolationHint;      // raw value of rendering Hint
    public int strokeHint;

    public int interpolationType;       // algorithm choice based on
                                        // interpolation and render Hints

    public RenderingHints hints;

    public Region constrainClip;        // lightweight bounds in pixels
    public int constrainX;
    public int constrainY;

    public Region clipRegion;
    public Shape usrClip;
    protected Region devClip;           // Actual physical drawable in pixels

    private int resolutionVariantHint;

    // cached state for text rendering
    private boolean validFontInfo;
    private FontInfo fontInfo;
    private FontInfo glyphVectorFontInfo;
    private FontRenderContext glyphVectorFRC;

    private static final int slowTextTransformMask =
                            AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_TRANSFORM
                        |   AffineTransform.TYPE_MASK_ROTATION
                        |   AffineTransform.TYPE_FLIP;

    static {
        if (PerformanceLogger.loggingEnabled()) {
            PerformanceLogger.setTime("SunGraphics2D static initialization");
        }
    }

    public SunGraphics2D(SurfaceData sd, Color fg, Color bg, Font f) {
        surfaceData = sd;
        foregroundColor = fg;
        backgroundColor = bg;
        stroke = defaultStroke;
        composite = defaultComposite;
        paint = foregroundColor;

        imageComp = CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa;

        renderHint = SunHints.INTVAL_RENDER_DEFAULT;
        antialiasHint = SunHints.INTVAL_ANTIALIAS_OFF;
        textAntialiasHint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT;
        fractionalMetricsHint = SunHints.INTVAL_FRACTIONALMETRICS_OFF;
        lcdTextContrast = lcdTextContrastDefaultValue;
        interpolationHint = -1;
        strokeHint = SunHints.INTVAL_STROKE_DEFAULT;
        resolutionVariantHint = SunHints.INTVAL_RESOLUTION_VARIANT_DEFAULT;

        interpolationType = AffineTransformOp.TYPE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;

        transform = getDefaultTransform();
        if (!transform.isIdentity()) {
            invalidateTransform();
        }

        validateColor();

        font = f;
        if (font == null) {
            font = defaultFont;
        }

        setDevClip(sd.getBounds());
        invalidatePipe();
    }

    private AffineTransform getDefaultTransform() {
        GraphicsConfiguration gc = getDeviceConfiguration();
        return (gc == null) ? new AffineTransform() : gc.getDefaultTransform();
    }

    protected Object clone() {
        try {
            SunGraphics2D g = (SunGraphics2D) super.clone();
            g.transform = new AffineTransform(this.transform);
            if (hints != null) {
                g.hints = (RenderingHints) this.hints.clone();
            }
            /* FontInfos are re-used, so must be cloned too, if they
             * are valid, and be nulled out if invalid.
             * The implied trade-off is that there is more to be gained
             * from re-using these objects than is lost by having to
             * clone them when the SG2D is cloned.
             */
            if (this.fontInfo != null) {
                if (this.validFontInfo) {
                    g.fontInfo = (FontInfo)this.fontInfo.clone();
                } else {
                    g.fontInfo = null;
                }
            }
            if (this.glyphVectorFontInfo != null) {
                g.glyphVectorFontInfo =
                    (FontInfo)this.glyphVectorFontInfo.clone();
                g.glyphVectorFRC = this.glyphVectorFRC;
            }
            //g.invalidatePipe();
            return g;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new SunGraphics2D based on this one.
     */
    public Graphics create() {
        return (Graphics) clone();
    }

    public void setDevClip(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        Region c = constrainClip;
        if (c == null) {
            devClip = Region.getInstanceXYWH(x, y, w, h);
        } else {
            devClip = c.getIntersectionXYWH(x, y, w, h);
        }
        validateCompClip();
    }

    public void setDevClip(Rectangle r) {
        setDevClip(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
    }

    /**
     * Constrain rendering for lightweight objects.
     */
    public void constrain(int x, int y, int w, int h, Region region) {
        if ((x | y) != 0) {
            translate(x, y);
        }
        if (transformState > TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
            clipRect(0, 0, w, h);
            return;
        }
        // changes parameters according to the current scale and translate.
        final double scaleX = transform.getScaleX();
        final double scaleY = transform.getScaleY();
        x = constrainX = (int) transform.getTranslateX();
        y = constrainY = (int) transform.getTranslateY();
        w = Region.dimAdd(x, Region.clipScale(w, scaleX));
        h = Region.dimAdd(y, Region.clipScale(h, scaleY));

        Region c = constrainClip;
        if (c == null) {
            c = Region.getInstanceXYXY(x, y, w, h);
        } else {
            c = c.getIntersectionXYXY(x, y, w, h);
        }
        if (region != null) {
            region = region.getScaledRegion(scaleX, scaleY);
            region = region.getTranslatedRegion(x, y);
            c = c.getIntersection(region);
        }

        if (c == constrainClip) {
            // Common case to ignore
            return;
        }

        constrainClip = c;
        if (!devClip.isInsideQuickCheck(c)) {
            devClip = devClip.getIntersection(c);
            validateCompClip();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constrain rendering for lightweight objects.
     *
     * REMIND: This method will back off to the "workaround"
     * of using translate and clipRect if the Graphics
     * to be constrained has a complex transform.  The
     * drawback of the workaround is that the resulting
     * clip and device origin cannot be "enforced".
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException If the Graphics
     * to be constrained has a complex transform.
     */
    @Override
    public void constrain(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        constrain(x, y, w, h, null);
    }

    protected static ValidatePipe invalidpipe = new ValidatePipe();

    /*
     * Invalidate the pipeline
     */
    protected void invalidatePipe() {
        drawpipe = invalidpipe;
        fillpipe = invalidpipe;
        shapepipe = invalidpipe;
        textpipe = invalidpipe;
        imagepipe = invalidpipe;
        loops = null;
    }

    public void validatePipe() {
        /* This workaround is for the situation when we update the Pipelines
         * for invalid SurfaceData and run further code when the current
         * pipeline doesn't support the type of new SurfaceData created during
         * the current pipeline's work (in place of the invalid SurfaceData).
         * Usually SurfaceData and Pipelines are repaired (through revalidateAll)
         * and called again in the exception handlers */

        if (!surfaceData.isValid()) {
            throw new InvalidPipeException("attempt to validate Pipe with invalid SurfaceData");
        }

        surfaceData.validatePipe(this);
    }

    /*
     * Intersect two Shapes by the simplest method, attempting to produce
     * a simplified result.
     * The boolean arguments keep1 and keep2 specify whether or not
     * the first or second shapes can be modified during the operation
     * or whether that shape must be "kept" unmodified.
     */
    Shape intersectShapes(Shape s1, Shape s2, boolean keep1, boolean keep2) {
        if (s1 instanceof Rectangle && s2 instanceof Rectangle) {
            return ((Rectangle) s1).intersection((Rectangle) s2);
        }
        if (s1 instanceof Rectangle2D) {
            return intersectRectShape((Rectangle2D) s1, s2, keep1, keep2);
        } else if (s2 instanceof Rectangle2D) {
            return intersectRectShape((Rectangle2D) s2, s1, keep2, keep1);
        }
        return intersectByArea(s1, s2, keep1, keep2);
    }

    /*
     * Intersect a Rectangle with a Shape by the simplest method,
     * attempting to produce a simplified result.
     * The boolean arguments keep1 and keep2 specify whether or not
     * the first or second shapes can be modified during the operation
     * or whether that shape must be "kept" unmodified.
     */
    Shape intersectRectShape(Rectangle2D r, Shape s,
                             boolean keep1, boolean keep2) {
        if (s instanceof Rectangle2D) {
            Rectangle2D r2 = (Rectangle2D) s;
            Rectangle2D outrect;
            if (!keep1) {
                outrect = r;
            } else if (!keep2) {
                outrect = r2;
            } else {
                outrect = new Rectangle2D.Float();
            }
            double x1 = Math.max(r.getX(), r2.getX());
            double x2 = Math.min(r.getX()  + r.getWidth(),
                                 r2.getX() + r2.getWidth());
            double y1 = Math.max(r.getY(), r2.getY());
            double y2 = Math.min(r.getY()  + r.getHeight(),
                                 r2.getY() + r2.getHeight());

            if (((x2 - x1) < 0) || ((y2 - y1) < 0))
                // Width or height is negative. No intersection.
                outrect.setFrameFromDiagonal(0, 0, 0, 0);
            else
                outrect.setFrameFromDiagonal(x1, y1, x2, y2);
            return outrect;
        }
        if (r.contains(s.getBounds2D())) {
            if (keep2) {
                s = cloneShape(s);
            }
            return s;
        }
        return intersectByArea(r, s, keep1, keep2);
    }

    protected static Shape cloneShape(Shape s) {
        return new GeneralPath(s);
    }

    /*
     * Intersect two Shapes using the Area class.  Presumably other
     * attempts at simpler intersection methods proved fruitless.
     * The boolean arguments keep1 and keep2 specify whether or not
     * the first or second shapes can be modified during the operation
     * or whether that shape must be "kept" unmodified.
     * @see #intersectShapes
     * @see #intersectRectShape
     */
    Shape intersectByArea(Shape s1, Shape s2, boolean keep1, boolean keep2) {
        Area a1, a2;

        // First see if we can find an overwriteable source shape
        // to use as our destination area to avoid duplication.
        if (!keep1 && (s1 instanceof Area)) {
            a1 = (Area) s1;
        } else if (!keep2 && (s2 instanceof Area)) {
            a1 = (Area) s2;
            s2 = s1;
        } else {
            a1 = new Area(s1);
        }

        if (s2 instanceof Area) {
            a2 = (Area) s2;
        } else {
            a2 = new Area(s2);
        }

        a1.intersect(a2);
        if (a1.isRectangular()) {
            return a1.getBounds();
        }

        return a1;
    }

    /*
     * Intersect usrClip bounds and device bounds to determine the composite
     * rendering boundaries.
     */
    public Region getCompClip() {
        if (!surfaceData.isValid()) {
            // revalidateAll() implicitly recalculcates the composite clip
            revalidateAll();
        }

        return clipRegion;
    }

    public Font getFont() {
        if (font == null) {
            font = defaultFont;
        }
        return font;
    }

    private static final double[] IDENT_MATRIX = {1, 0, 0, 1};
    private static final AffineTransform IDENT_ATX =
        new AffineTransform();

    private static final int MINALLOCATED = 8;
    private static final int TEXTARRSIZE = 17;
    private static double[][] textTxArr = new double[TEXTARRSIZE][];
    private static AffineTransform[] textAtArr =
        new AffineTransform[TEXTARRSIZE];

    static {
        for (int i=MINALLOCATED;i<TEXTARRSIZE;i++) {
          textTxArr[i] = new double [] {i, 0, 0, i};
          textAtArr[i] = new AffineTransform( textTxArr[i]);
        }
    }

    // cached state for various draw[String,Char,Byte] optimizations
    public FontInfo checkFontInfo(FontInfo info, Font font,
                                  FontRenderContext frc) {
        /* Do not create a FontInfo object as part of construction of an
         * SG2D as its possible it may never be needed - ie if no text
         * is drawn using this SG2D.
         */
        if (info == null) {
            info = new FontInfo();
        }

        float ptSize = font.getSize2D();
        int txFontType;
        AffineTransform devAt, textAt=null;
        if (font.isTransformed()) {
            textAt = font.getTransform();
            textAt.scale(ptSize, ptSize);
            txFontType = textAt.getType();
            info.originX = (float)textAt.getTranslateX();
            info.originY = (float)textAt.getTranslateY();
            textAt.translate(-info.originX, -info.originY);
            if (transformState >= TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
                transform.getMatrix(info.devTx = new double[4]);
                devAt = new AffineTransform(info.devTx);
                textAt.preConcatenate(devAt);
            } else {
                info.devTx = IDENT_MATRIX;
                devAt = IDENT_ATX;
            }
            textAt.getMatrix(info.glyphTx = new double[4]);
            double shearx = textAt.getShearX();
            double scaley = textAt.getScaleY();
            if (shearx != 0) {
                scaley = Math.sqrt(shearx * shearx + scaley * scaley);
            }
            info.pixelHeight = (int)(Math.abs(scaley)+0.5);
        } else {
            txFontType = AffineTransform.TYPE_IDENTITY;
            info.originX = info.originY = 0;
            if (transformState >= TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
                transform.getMatrix(info.devTx = new double[4]);
                devAt = new AffineTransform(info.devTx);
                info.glyphTx = new double[4];
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    info.glyphTx[i] = info.devTx[i] * ptSize;
                }
                textAt = new AffineTransform(info.glyphTx);
                double shearx = transform.getShearX();
                double scaley = transform.getScaleY();
                if (shearx != 0) {
                    scaley = Math.sqrt(shearx * shearx + scaley * scaley);
                }
                info.pixelHeight = (int)(Math.abs(scaley * ptSize)+0.5);
            } else {
                /* If the double represents a common integral, we
                 * may have pre-allocated objects.
                 * A "sparse" array be seems to be as fast as a switch
                 * even for 3 or 4 pt sizes, and is more flexible.
                 * This should perform comparably in single-threaded
                 * rendering to the old code which synchronized on the
                 * class and scale better on MP systems.
                 */
                int pszInt = (int)ptSize;
                if (ptSize == pszInt &&
                    pszInt >= MINALLOCATED && pszInt < TEXTARRSIZE) {
                    info.glyphTx = textTxArr[pszInt];
                    textAt = textAtArr[pszInt];
                    info.pixelHeight = pszInt;
                } else {
                    info.pixelHeight = (int)(ptSize+0.5);
                }
                if (textAt == null) {
                    info.glyphTx = new double[] {ptSize, 0, 0, ptSize};
                    textAt = new AffineTransform(info.glyphTx);
                }

                info.devTx = IDENT_MATRIX;
                devAt = IDENT_ATX;
            }
        }

        info.font2D = FontUtilities.getFont2D(font);

        int fmhint = fractionalMetricsHint;
        if (fmhint == SunHints.INTVAL_FRACTIONALMETRICS_DEFAULT) {
            fmhint = SunHints.INTVAL_FRACTIONALMETRICS_OFF;
        }
        info.lcdSubPixPos = false; // conditionally set true in LCD mode.

        /* The text anti-aliasing hints that are set by the client need
         * to be interpreted for the current state and stored in the
         * FontInfo.aahint which is what will actually be used and
         * will be one of OFF, ON, LCD_HRGB or LCD_VRGB.
         * This is what pipe selection code should typically refer to, not
         * textAntialiasHint. This means we are now evaluating the meaning
         * of "default" here. Any pipe that really cares about that will
         * also need to consult that variable.
         * Otherwise these are being used only as args to getStrike,
         * and are encapsulated in that object which is part of the
         * FontInfo, so we do not need to store them directly as fields
         * in the FontInfo object.
         * That could change if FontInfo's were more selectively
         * revalidated when graphics state changed. Presently this
         * method re-evaluates all fields in the fontInfo.
         * The strike doesn't need to know the RGB subpixel order. Just
         * if its H or V orientation, so if an LCD option is specified we
         * always pass in the RGB hint to the strike.
         * frc is non-null only if this is a GlyphVector. For reasons
         * which are probably a historical mistake the AA hint in a GV
         * is honoured when we render, overriding the Graphics setting.
         */
        int aahint;
        if (frc == null) {
            aahint = textAntialiasHint;
        } else {
            aahint = ((SunHints.Value)frc.getAntiAliasingHint()).getIndex();
        }
        if (aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT) {
            if (antialiasHint == SunHints.INTVAL_ANTIALIAS_ON) {
                aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON;
            } else {
                aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_OFF;
            }
        } else {
            /* If we are in checkFontInfo because a rendering hint has been
             * set then all pipes are revalidated. But we can also
             * be here because setFont() has been called when the 'gasp'
             * hint is set, as then the font size determines the text pipe.
             * See comments in SunGraphics2d.setFont(Font).
             */
            if (aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_GASP) {
                if (info.font2D.useAAForPtSize(info.pixelHeight)) {
                    aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON;
                } else {
                    aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_OFF;
                }
            } else if (aahint >= SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_HRGB) {
                /* loops for default rendering modes are installed in the SG2D
                 * constructor. If there are none this will be null.
                 * Not all compositing modes update the render loops, so
                 * we also test that this is a mode we know should support
                 * this. One minor issue is that the loops aren't necessarily
                 * installed for a new rendering mode until after this
                 * method is called during pipeline validation. So it is
                 * theoretically possible that it was set to null for a
                 * compositing mode, the composite is then set back to Src,
                 * but the loop is still null when this is called and AA=ON
                 * is installed instead of an LCD mode.
                 * However this is done in the right order in SurfaceData.java
                 * so this is not likely to be a problem - but not
                 * guaranteed.
                 */
                if (
                    !surfaceData.canRenderLCDText(this)
//                    loops.drawGlyphListLCDLoop == null ||
//                    compositeState > COMP_ISCOPY ||
//                    paintState > PAINT_ALPHACOLOR
                      ) {
                    aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON;
                } else {
                    info.lcdRGBOrder = true;
                    /* Collapse these into just HRGB or VRGB.
                     * Pipe selection code needs only to test for these two.
                     * Since these both select the same pipe anyway its
                     * tempting to collapse into one value. But they are
                     * different strikes (glyph caches) so the distinction
                     * needs to be made for that purpose.
                     */
                    if (aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_HBGR) {
                        aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_HRGB;
                        info.lcdRGBOrder = false;
                    } else if
                        (aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_VBGR) {
                        aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_VRGB;
                        info.lcdRGBOrder = false;
                    }
                    /* Support subpixel positioning only for the case in
                     * which the horizontal resolution is increased
                     */
                    info.lcdSubPixPos =
                        fmhint == SunHints.INTVAL_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON &&
                        aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_HRGB;
                }
            }
        }
        info.aaHint = aahint;
        info.fontStrike = info.font2D.getStrike(font, devAt, textAt,
                                                aahint, fmhint);
        return info;
    }

    public static boolean isRotated(double [] mtx) {
        if ((mtx[0] == mtx[3]) &&
            (mtx[1] == 0.0) &&
            (mtx[2] == 0.0) &&
            (mtx[0] > 0.0))
        {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    public void setFont(Font font) {
        /* replacing the reference equality test font != this.font with
         * !font.equals(this.font) did not yield any measurable difference
         * in testing, but there may be yet to be identified cases where it
         * is beneficial.
         */
        if (font != null && font!=this.font/*!font.equals(this.font)*/) {
            /* In the GASP AA case the textpipe depends on the glyph size
             * as determined by graphics and font transforms as well as the
             * font size, and information in the font. But we may invalidate
             * the pipe only to find that it made no difference.
             * Deferring pipe invalidation to checkFontInfo won't work because
             * when called we may already be rendering to the wrong pipe.
             * So, if the font is transformed, or the graphics has more than
             * a simple scale, we'll take that as enough of a hint to
             * revalidate everything. But if they aren't we will
             * use the font's point size to query the gasp table and see if
             * what it says matches what's currently being used, in which
             * case there's no need to invalidate the textpipe.
             * This should be sufficient for all typical uses cases.
             */
            if (textAntialiasHint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_GASP &&
                textpipe != invalidpipe &&
                (transformState > TRANSFORM_ANY_TRANSLATE ||
                 font.isTransformed() ||
                 fontInfo == null || // Precaution, if true shouldn't get here
                 (fontInfo.aaHint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON) !=
                     FontUtilities.getFont2D(font).
                         useAAForPtSize(font.getSize()))) {
                textpipe = invalidpipe;
            }
            this.font = font;
            this.fontMetrics = null;
            this.validFontInfo = false;
        }
    }

    public FontInfo getFontInfo() {
        if (!validFontInfo) {
            this.fontInfo = checkFontInfo(this.fontInfo, font, null);
            validFontInfo = true;
        }
        return this.fontInfo;
    }

    /* Used by drawGlyphVector which specifies its own font. */
    public FontInfo getGVFontInfo(Font font, FontRenderContext frc) {
        if (glyphVectorFontInfo != null &&
            glyphVectorFontInfo.font == font &&
            glyphVectorFRC == frc) {
            return glyphVectorFontInfo;
        } else {
            glyphVectorFRC = frc;
            return glyphVectorFontInfo =
                checkFontInfo(glyphVectorFontInfo, font, frc);
        }
    }

    public FontMetrics getFontMetrics() {
        if (this.fontMetrics != null) {
            return this.fontMetrics;
        }
        /* NB the constructor and the setter disallow "font" being null */
        return this.fontMetrics =
           FontDesignMetrics.getMetrics(font, getFontRenderContext());
    }

    public FontMetrics getFontMetrics(Font font) {
        if ((this.fontMetrics != null) && (font == this.font)) {
            return this.fontMetrics;
        }
        FontMetrics fm =
          FontDesignMetrics.getMetrics(font, getFontRenderContext());

        if (this.font == font) {
            this.fontMetrics = fm;
        }
        return fm;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if a Path intersects the specified Rectangle in device
     * space.  The rendering attributes taken into account include the
     * clip, transform, and stroke attributes.
     * @param rect The area in device space to check for a hit.
     * @param s The path to check for a hit.
     * @param onStroke Flag to choose between testing the stroked or
     * the filled path.
     * @return True if there is a hit, false otherwise.
     * @see #setStroke
     * @see #fill(Shape)
     * @see #draw(Shape)
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setTransform
     * @see #clip
     * @see #setClip
     */
    public boolean hit(Rectangle rect, Shape s, boolean onStroke) {
        if (onStroke) {
            s = stroke.createStrokedShape(s);
        }

        s = transformShape(s);
        if ((constrainX|constrainY) != 0) {
            rect = new Rectangle(rect);
            rect.translate(constrainX, constrainY);
        }

        return s.intersects(rect);
    }

    /**
     * Return the ColorModel associated with this Graphics2D.
     */
    public ColorModel getDeviceColorModel() {
        return surfaceData.getColorModel();
    }

    /**
     * Return the device configuration associated with this Graphics2D.
     */
    public GraphicsConfiguration getDeviceConfiguration() {
        return surfaceData.getDeviceConfiguration();
    }

    /**
     * Return the SurfaceData object assigned to manage the destination
     * drawable surface of this Graphics2D.
     */
    public SurfaceData getSurfaceData() {
        return surfaceData;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Composite in the current graphics state. Composite is used
     * in all drawing methods such as drawImage, drawString, drawPath,
     * and fillPath.  It specifies how new pixels are to be combined with
     * the existing pixels on the graphics device in the rendering process.
     * @param comp The Composite object to be used for drawing.
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setXORMode
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setPaintMode
     * @see AlphaComposite
     */
    public void setComposite(Composite comp) {
        if (composite == comp) {
            return;
        }
        int newCompState;
        CompositeType newCompType;
        if (comp instanceof AlphaComposite) {
            AlphaComposite alphacomp = (AlphaComposite) comp;
            newCompType = CompositeType.forAlphaComposite(alphacomp);
            if (newCompType == CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa) {
                if (paintState == PAINT_OPAQUECOLOR ||
                    (paintState > PAINT_ALPHACOLOR &&
                     paint.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE))
                {
                    newCompState = COMP_ISCOPY;
                } else {
                    newCompState = COMP_ALPHA;
                }
            } else if (newCompType == CompositeType.SrcNoEa ||
                       newCompType == CompositeType.Src ||
                       newCompType == CompositeType.Clear)
            {
                newCompState = COMP_ISCOPY;
            } else if (surfaceData.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE &&
                       newCompType == CompositeType.SrcIn)
            {
                newCompState = COMP_ISCOPY;
            } else {
                newCompState = COMP_ALPHA;
            }
        } else if (comp instanceof XORComposite) {
            newCompState = COMP_XOR;
            newCompType = CompositeType.Xor;
        } else if (comp == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null Composite");
        } else {
            surfaceData.checkCustomComposite();
            newCompState = COMP_CUSTOM;
            newCompType = CompositeType.General;
        }
        if (compositeState != newCompState ||
            imageComp != newCompType)
        {
            compositeState = newCompState;
            imageComp = newCompType;
            invalidatePipe();
            validFontInfo = false;
        }
        composite = comp;
        if (paintState <= PAINT_ALPHACOLOR) {
            validateColor();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Paint in the current graphics state.
     * @param paint The Paint object to be used to generate color in
     * the rendering process.
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setColor
     * @see GradientPaint
     * @see TexturePaint
     */
    public void setPaint(Paint paint) {
        if (paint instanceof Color) {
            setColor((Color) paint);
            return;
        }
        if (paint == null || this.paint == paint) {
            return;
        }
        this.paint = paint;
        if (imageComp == CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa) {
            // special case where compState depends on opacity of paint
            if (paint.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE) {
                if (compositeState != COMP_ISCOPY) {
                    compositeState = COMP_ISCOPY;
                }
            } else {
                if (compositeState == COMP_ISCOPY) {
                    compositeState = COMP_ALPHA;
                }
            }
        }
        Class<? extends Paint> paintClass = paint.getClass();
        if (paintClass == GradientPaint.class) {
            paintState = PAINT_GRADIENT;
        } else if (paintClass == LinearGradientPaint.class) {
            paintState = PAINT_LIN_GRADIENT;
        } else if (paintClass == RadialGradientPaint.class) {
            paintState = PAINT_RAD_GRADIENT;
        } else if (paintClass == TexturePaint.class) {
            paintState = PAINT_TEXTURE;
        } else {
            paintState = PAINT_CUSTOM;
        }
        validFontInfo = false;
        invalidatePipe();
    }

    static final int NON_UNIFORM_SCALE_MASK =
        (AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_TRANSFORM |
         AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_SCALE);
    public static final double MinPenSizeAA =
        sun.java2d.pipe.RenderingEngine.getInstance().getMinimumAAPenSize();
    public static final double MinPenSizeAASquared =
        (MinPenSizeAA * MinPenSizeAA);
    // Since inaccuracies in the trig package can cause us to
    // calculated a rotated pen width of just slightly greater
    // than 1.0, we add a fudge factor to our comparison value
    // here so that we do not misclassify single width lines as
    // wide lines under certain rotations.
    public static final double MinPenSizeSquared = 1.000000001;

    private void validateBasicStroke(BasicStroke bs) {
        boolean aa = (antialiasHint == SunHints.INTVAL_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        if (transformState < TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
            if (aa) {
                if (bs.getLineWidth() <= MinPenSizeAA) {
                    if (bs.getDashArray() == null) {
                        strokeState = STROKE_THIN;
                    } else {
                        strokeState = STROKE_THINDASHED;
                    }
                } else {
                    strokeState = STROKE_WIDE;
                }
            } else {
                if (bs == defaultStroke) {
                    strokeState = STROKE_THIN;
                } else if (bs.getLineWidth() <= 1.0f) {
                    if (bs.getDashArray() == null) {
                        strokeState = STROKE_THIN;
                    } else {
                        strokeState = STROKE_THINDASHED;
                    }
                } else {
                    strokeState = STROKE_WIDE;
                }
            }
        } else {
            double widthsquared;
            if ((transform.getType() & NON_UNIFORM_SCALE_MASK) == 0) {
                /* sqrt omitted, compare to squared limits below. */
                widthsquared = Math.abs(transform.getDeterminant());
            } else {
                /* First calculate the "maximum scale" of this transform. */
                double A = transform.getScaleX();       // m00
                double C = transform.getShearX();       // m01
                double B = transform.getShearY();       // m10
                double D = transform.getScaleY();       // m11

                /*
                 * Given a 2 x 2 affine matrix [ A B ] such that
                 *                             [ C D ]
                 * v' = [x' y'] = [Ax + Cy, Bx + Dy], we want to
                 * find the maximum magnitude (norm) of the vector v'
                 * with the constraint (x^2 + y^2 = 1).
                 * The equation to maximize is
                 *     |v'| = sqrt((Ax+Cy)^2+(Bx+Dy)^2)
                 * or  |v'| = sqrt((AA+BB)x^2 + 2(AC+BD)xy + (CC+DD)y^2).
                 * Since sqrt is monotonic we can maximize |v'|^2
                 * instead and plug in the substitution y = sqrt(1 - x^2).
                 * Trigonometric equalities can then be used to get
                 * rid of most of the sqrt terms.
                 */
                double EA = A*A + B*B;          // x^2 coefficient
                double EB = 2*(A*C + B*D);      // xy coefficient
                double EC = C*C + D*D;          // y^2 coefficient

                /*
                 * There is a lot of calculus omitted here.
                 *
                 * Conceptually, in the interests of understanding the
                 * terms that the calculus produced we can consider
                 * that EA and EC end up providing the lengths along
                 * the major axes and the hypot term ends up being an
                 * adjustment for the additional length along the off-axis
                 * angle of rotated or sheared ellipses as well as an
                 * adjustment for the fact that the equation below
                 * averages the two major axis lengths.  (Notice that
                 * the hypot term contains a part which resolves to the
                 * difference of these two axis lengths in the absence
                 * of rotation.)
                 *
                 * In the calculus, the ratio of the EB and (EA-EC) terms
                 * ends up being the tangent of 2*theta where theta is
                 * the angle that the long axis of the ellipse makes
                 * with the horizontal axis.  Thus, this equation is
                 * calculating the length of the hypotenuse of a triangle
                 * along that axis.
                 */
                double hypot = Math.sqrt(EB*EB + (EA-EC)*(EA-EC));

                /* sqrt omitted, compare to squared limits below. */
                widthsquared = ((EA + EC + hypot)/2.0);
            }
            if (bs != defaultStroke) {
                widthsquared *= bs.getLineWidth() * bs.getLineWidth();
            }
            if (widthsquared <=
                (aa ? MinPenSizeAASquared : MinPenSizeSquared))
            {
                if (bs.getDashArray() == null) {
                    strokeState = STROKE_THIN;
                } else {
                    strokeState = STROKE_THINDASHED;
                }
            } else {
                strokeState = STROKE_WIDE;
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Sets the Stroke in the current graphics state.
     * @param s The Stroke object to be used to stroke a Path in
     * the rendering process.
     * @see BasicStroke
     */
    public void setStroke(Stroke s) {
        if (s == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null Stroke");
        }
        int saveStrokeState = strokeState;
        stroke = s;
        if (s instanceof BasicStroke) {
            validateBasicStroke((BasicStroke) s);
        } else {
            strokeState = STROKE_CUSTOM;
        }
        if (strokeState != saveStrokeState) {
            invalidatePipe();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the preferences for the rendering algorithms.
     * Hint categories include controls for rendering quality and
     * overall time/quality trade-off in the rendering process.
     * @param hintKey The key of hint to be set. The strings are
     * defined in the RenderingHints class.
     * @param hintValue The value indicating preferences for the specified
     * hint category. These strings are defined in the RenderingHints
     * class.
     * @see RenderingHints
     */
    public void setRenderingHint(Key hintKey, Object hintValue) {
        // If we recognize the key, we must recognize the value
        //     otherwise throw an IllegalArgumentException
        //     and do not change the Hints object
        // If we do not recognize the key, just pass it through
        //     to the Hints object untouched
        if (!hintKey.isCompatibleValue(hintValue)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                (hintValue+" is not compatible with "+hintKey);
        }
        if (hintKey instanceof SunHints.Key) {
            boolean stateChanged;
            boolean textStateChanged = false;
            boolean recognized = true;
            SunHints.Key sunKey = (SunHints.Key) hintKey;
            int newHint;
            if (sunKey == SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_CONTRAST) {
                newHint = ((Integer)hintValue).intValue();
            } else {
                newHint = ((SunHints.Value) hintValue).getIndex();
            }
            switch (sunKey.getIndex()) {
            case SunHints.INTKEY_RENDERING:
                stateChanged = (renderHint != newHint);
                if (stateChanged) {
                    renderHint = newHint;
                    if (interpolationHint == -1) {
                        interpolationType =
                            (newHint == SunHints.INTVAL_RENDER_QUALITY
                             ? AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BILINEAR
                             : AffineTransformOp.TYPE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR);
                    }
                }
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_ANTIALIASING:
                stateChanged = (antialiasHint != newHint);
                antialiasHint = newHint;
                if (stateChanged) {
                    textStateChanged =
                        (textAntialiasHint ==
                         SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT);
                    if (strokeState != STROKE_CUSTOM) {
                        validateBasicStroke((BasicStroke) stroke);
                    }
                }
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING:
                stateChanged = (textAntialiasHint != newHint);
                textStateChanged = stateChanged;
                textAntialiasHint = newHint;
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS:
                stateChanged = (fractionalMetricsHint != newHint);
                textStateChanged = stateChanged;
                fractionalMetricsHint = newHint;
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_AATEXT_LCD_CONTRAST:
                stateChanged = false;
                /* Already have validated it is an int 100 <= newHint <= 250 */
                lcdTextContrast = newHint;
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_INTERPOLATION:
                interpolationHint = newHint;
                switch (newHint) {
                case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC:
                    newHint = AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BICUBIC;
                    break;
                case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR:
                    newHint = AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BILINEAR;
                    break;
                default:
                case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR:
                    newHint = AffineTransformOp.TYPE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;
                    break;
                }
                stateChanged = (interpolationType != newHint);
                interpolationType = newHint;
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_STROKE_CONTROL:
                stateChanged = (strokeHint != newHint);
                strokeHint = newHint;
                break;
            case SunHints.INTKEY_RESOLUTION_VARIANT:
                stateChanged = (resolutionVariantHint != newHint);
                resolutionVariantHint = newHint;
                break;
            default:
                recognized = false;
                stateChanged = false;
                break;
            }
            if (recognized) {
                if (stateChanged) {
                    invalidatePipe();
                    if (textStateChanged) {
                        fontMetrics = null;
                        this.cachedFRC = null;
                        validFontInfo = false;
                        this.glyphVectorFontInfo = null;
                    }
                }
                if (hints != null) {
                    hints.put(hintKey, hintValue);
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        // Nothing we recognize so none of "our state" has changed
        if (hints == null) {
            hints = makeHints(null);
        }
        hints.put(hintKey, hintValue);
    }


    /**
     * Returns the preferences for the rendering algorithms.
     * @param hintKey The category of hint to be set. The strings
     * are defined in the RenderingHints class.
     * @return The preferences for rendering algorithms. The strings
     * are defined in the RenderingHints class.
     * @see RenderingHints
     */
    public Object getRenderingHint(Key hintKey) {
        if (hints != null) {
            return hints.get(hintKey);
        }
        if (!(hintKey instanceof SunHints.Key)) {
            return null;
        }
        int keyindex = ((SunHints.Key)hintKey).getIndex();
        switch (keyindex) {
        case SunHints.INTKEY_RENDERING:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_RENDERING,
                                      renderHint);
        case SunHints.INTKEY_ANTIALIASING:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_ANTIALIASING,
                                      antialiasHint);
        case SunHints.INTKEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING,
                                      textAntialiasHint);
        case SunHints.INTKEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS,
                                      fractionalMetricsHint);
        case SunHints.INTKEY_AATEXT_LCD_CONTRAST:
            return lcdTextContrast;
        case SunHints.INTKEY_INTERPOLATION:
            switch (interpolationHint) {
            case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR:
                return SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;
            case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR:
                return SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR;
            case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC:
                return SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC;
            }
            return null;
        case SunHints.INTKEY_STROKE_CONTROL:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_STROKE_CONTROL,
                                      strokeHint);
        case SunHints.INTKEY_RESOLUTION_VARIANT:
            return SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_RESOLUTION_VARIANT,
                                      resolutionVariantHint);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the preferences for the rendering algorithms.
     * Hint categories include controls for rendering quality and
     * overall time/quality trade-off in the rendering process.
     * @param hints The rendering hints to be set
     * @see RenderingHints
     */
    public void setRenderingHints(Map<?,?> hints) {
        this.hints = null;
        renderHint = SunHints.INTVAL_RENDER_DEFAULT;
        antialiasHint = SunHints.INTVAL_ANTIALIAS_OFF;
        textAntialiasHint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT;
        fractionalMetricsHint = SunHints.INTVAL_FRACTIONALMETRICS_OFF;
        lcdTextContrast = lcdTextContrastDefaultValue;
        interpolationHint = -1;
        interpolationType = AffineTransformOp.TYPE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;
        boolean customHintPresent = false;
        Iterator<?> iter = hints.keySet().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            Object key = iter.next();
            if (key == SunHints.KEY_RENDERING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_CONTRAST ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION)
            {
                setRenderingHint((Key) key, hints.get(key));
            } else {
                customHintPresent = true;
            }
        }
        if (customHintPresent) {
            this.hints = makeHints(hints);
        }
        invalidatePipe();
    }

    /**
     * Adds a number of preferences for the rendering algorithms.
     * Hint categories include controls for rendering quality and
     * overall time/quality trade-off in the rendering process.
     * @param hints The rendering hints to be set
     * @see RenderingHints
     */
    public void addRenderingHints(Map<?,?> hints) {
        boolean customHintPresent = false;
        Iterator<?> iter = hints.keySet().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            Object key = iter.next();
            if (key == SunHints.KEY_RENDERING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_CONTRAST ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL ||
                key == SunHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION)
            {
                setRenderingHint((Key) key, hints.get(key));
            } else {
                customHintPresent = true;
            }
        }
        if (customHintPresent) {
            if (this.hints == null) {
                this.hints = makeHints(hints);
            } else {
                this.hints.putAll(hints);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the preferences for the rendering algorithms.
     * Hint categories include controls for rendering quality and
     * overall time/quality trade-off in the rendering process.
     * @see RenderingHints
     */
    public RenderingHints getRenderingHints() {
        if (hints == null) {
            return makeHints(null);
        } else {
            return (RenderingHints) hints.clone();
        }
    }

    RenderingHints makeHints(Map<?,?> hints) {
        RenderingHints model = new RenderingHints(null);
        if (hints != null) {
            model.putAll(hints);
        }
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_RENDERING,
                  SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_RENDERING,
                                     renderHint));
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                  SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_ANTIALIASING,
                                     antialiasHint));
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING,
                  SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING,
                                     textAntialiasHint));
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS,
                  SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS,
                                     fractionalMetricsHint));
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_CONTRAST,
                  Integer.valueOf(lcdTextContrast));
        Object value;
        switch (interpolationHint) {
        case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR:
            value = SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;
            break;
        case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR:
            value = SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR;
            break;
        case SunHints.INTVAL_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC:
            value = SunHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC;
            break;
        default:
            value = null;
            break;
        }
        if (value != null) {
            model.put(SunHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, value);
        }
        model.put(SunHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL,
                  SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_STROKE_CONTROL,
                                     strokeHint));
        return model;
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the current transform of this Graphics2D with a
     * translation transformation.
     * This is equivalent to calling transform(T), where T is an
     * AffineTransform represented by the following matrix:
     * <pre>
     *          [   1    0    tx  ]
     *          [   0    1    ty  ]
     *          [   0    0    1   ]
     * </pre>
     */
    public void translate(double tx, double ty) {
        transform.translate(tx, ty);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the current transform of this Graphics2D with a
     * rotation transformation.
     * This is equivalent to calling transform(R), where R is an
     * AffineTransform represented by the following matrix:
     * <pre>
     *          [   cos(theta)    -sin(theta)    0   ]
     *          [   sin(theta)     cos(theta)    0   ]
     *          [       0              0         1   ]
     * </pre>
     * Rotating with a positive angle theta rotates points on the positive
     * x axis toward the positive y axis.
     * @param theta The angle of rotation in radians.
     */
    public void rotate(double theta) {
        transform.rotate(theta);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the current transform of this Graphics2D with a
     * translated rotation transformation.
     * This is equivalent to the following sequence of calls:
     * <pre>
     *          translate(x, y);
     *          rotate(theta);
     *          translate(-x, -y);
     * </pre>
     * Rotating with a positive angle theta rotates points on the positive
     * x axis toward the positive y axis.
     * @param theta The angle of rotation in radians.
     * @param x The x coordinate of the origin of the rotation
     * @param y The x coordinate of the origin of the rotation
     */
    public void rotate(double theta, double x, double y) {
        transform.rotate(theta, x, y);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the current transform of this Graphics2D with a
     * scaling transformation.
     * This is equivalent to calling transform(S), where S is an
     * AffineTransform represented by the following matrix:
     * <pre>
     *          [   sx   0    0   ]
     *          [   0    sy   0   ]
     *          [   0    0    1   ]
     * </pre>
     */
    public void scale(double sx, double sy) {
        transform.scale(sx, sy);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the current transform of this Graphics2D with a
     * shearing transformation.
     * This is equivalent to calling transform(SH), where SH is an
     * AffineTransform represented by the following matrix:
     * <pre>
     *          [   1   shx   0   ]
     *          [  shy   1    0   ]
     *          [   0    0    1   ]
     * </pre>
     * @param shx The factor by which coordinates are shifted towards the
     * positive X axis direction according to their Y coordinate
     * @param shy The factor by which coordinates are shifted towards the
     * positive Y axis direction according to their X coordinate
     */
    public void shear(double shx, double shy) {
        transform.shear(shx, shy);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Composes a Transform object with the transform in this
     * Graphics2D according to the rule last-specified-first-applied.
     * If the currrent transform is Cx, the result of composition
     * with Tx is a new transform Cx'.  Cx' becomes the current
     * transform for this Graphics2D.
     * Transforming a point p by the updated transform Cx' is
     * equivalent to first transforming p by Tx and then transforming
     * the result by the original transform Cx.  In other words,
     * Cx'(p) = Cx(Tx(p)).
     * A copy of the Tx is made, if necessary, so further
     * modifications to Tx do not affect rendering.
     * @param xform The Transform object to be composed with the current
     * transform.
     * @see #setTransform
     * @see AffineTransform
     */
    public void transform(AffineTransform xform) {
        this.transform.concatenate(xform);
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    /**
     * Translate
     */
    public void translate(int x, int y) {
        transform.translate(x, y);
        if (transformState <= TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) {
            transX += x;
            transY += y;
            transformState = (((transX | transY) == 0) ?
                              TRANSFORM_ISIDENT : TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE);
        } else {
            invalidateTransform();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Transform in the current graphics state.
     * @param Tx The Transform object to be used in the rendering process.
     * @see #transform
     * @see AffineTransform
     */
    @Override
    public void setTransform(AffineTransform Tx) {
        if ((constrainX | constrainY) == 0) {
            transform.setTransform(Tx);
        } else {
            transform.setToTranslation(constrainX, constrainY);
            transform.concatenate(Tx);
        }
        invalidateTransform();
    }

    protected void invalidateTransform() {
        int type = transform.getType();
        int origTransformState = transformState;
        if (type == AffineTransform.TYPE_IDENTITY) {
            transformState = TRANSFORM_ISIDENT;
            transX = transY = 0;
        } else if (type == AffineTransform.TYPE_TRANSLATION) {
            double dtx = transform.getTranslateX();
            double dty = transform.getTranslateY();
            transX = (int) Math.floor(dtx + 0.5);
            transY = (int) Math.floor(dty + 0.5);
            if (dtx == transX && dty == transY) {
                transformState = TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE;
            } else {
                transformState = TRANSFORM_ANY_TRANSLATE;
            }
        } else if ((type & (AffineTransform.TYPE_FLIP |
                            AffineTransform.TYPE_MASK_ROTATION |
                            AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_TRANSFORM)) == 0)
        {
            transformState = TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE;
            transX = transY = 0;
        } else {
            transformState = TRANSFORM_GENERIC;
            transX = transY = 0;
        }

        if (transformState >= TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE ||
            origTransformState >= TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE)
        {
            /* Its only in this case that the previous or current transform
             * was more than a translate that font info is invalidated
             */
            cachedFRC = null;
            this.validFontInfo = false;
            this.fontMetrics = null;
            this.glyphVectorFontInfo = null;

            if (transformState != origTransformState) {
                invalidatePipe();
            }
        }
        if (strokeState != STROKE_CUSTOM) {
            validateBasicStroke((BasicStroke) stroke);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current Transform in the Graphics2D state.
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setTransform
     */
    @Override
    public AffineTransform getTransform() {
        if ((constrainX | constrainY) == 0) {
            return new AffineTransform(transform);
        }
        AffineTransform tx
                = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(-constrainX, -constrainY);
        tx.concatenate(transform);
        return tx;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current Transform ignoring the "constrain"
     * rectangle.
     */
    public AffineTransform cloneTransform() {
        return new AffineTransform(transform);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current Paint in the Graphics2D state.
     * @see #setPaint
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setColor
     */
    public Paint getPaint() {
        return paint;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current Composite in the Graphics2D state.
     * @see #setComposite
     */
    public Composite getComposite() {
        return composite;
    }

    public Color getColor() {
        return foregroundColor;
    }

    /*
     * Validate the eargb and pixel fields against the current color.
     *
     * The eargb field must take into account the extraAlpha
     * value of an AlphaComposite.  It may also take into account
     * the Fsrc Porter-Duff blending function if such a function is
     * a constant (see handling of Clear mode below).  For instance,
     * by factoring in the (Fsrc == 0) state of the Clear mode we can
     * use a SrcNoEa loop just as easily as a general Alpha loop
     * since the math will be the same in both cases.
     *
     * The pixel field will always be the best pixel data choice for
     * the final result of all calculations applied to the eargb field.
     *
     * Note that this method is only necessary under the following
     * conditions:
     *     (paintState <= PAINT_ALPHA_COLOR &&
     *      compositeState <= COMP_CUSTOM)
     * though nothing bad will happen if it is run in other states.
     */
    void validateColor() {
        int eargb;
        if (imageComp == CompositeType.Clear) {
            eargb = 0;
        } else {
            eargb = foregroundColor.getRGB();
            if (compositeState <= COMP_ALPHA &&
                imageComp != CompositeType.SrcNoEa &&
                imageComp != CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa)
            {
                AlphaComposite alphacomp = (AlphaComposite) composite;
                int a = Math.round(alphacomp.getAlpha() * (eargb >>> 24));
                eargb = (eargb & 0x00ffffff) | (a << 24);
            }
        }
        this.eargb = eargb;
        this.pixel = surfaceData.pixelFor(eargb);
    }

    public void setColor(Color color) {
        if (color == null || color == paint) {
            return;
        }
        this.paint = foregroundColor = color;
        validateColor();
        if ((eargb >> 24) == -1) {
            if (paintState == PAINT_OPAQUECOLOR) {
                return;
            }
            paintState = PAINT_OPAQUECOLOR;
            if (imageComp == CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa) {
                // special case where compState depends on opacity of paint
                compositeState = COMP_ISCOPY;
            }
        } else {
            if (paintState == PAINT_ALPHACOLOR) {
                return;
            }
            paintState = PAINT_ALPHACOLOR;
            if (imageComp == CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa) {
                // special case where compState depends on opacity of paint
                compositeState = COMP_ALPHA;
            }
        }
        validFontInfo = false;
        invalidatePipe();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the background color in this context used for clearing a region.
     * When Graphics2D is constructed for a component, the backgroung color is
     * inherited from the component. Setting the background color in the
     * Graphics2D context only affects the subsequent clearRect() calls and
     * not the background color of the component. To change the background
     * of the component, use appropriate methods of the component.
     * @param color The background color that should be used in
     * subsequent calls to clearRect().
     * @see #getBackground
     * @see Graphics#clearRect
     */
    public void setBackground(Color color) {
        backgroundColor = color;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the background color used for clearing a region.
     * @see #setBackground
     */
    public Color getBackground() {
        return backgroundColor;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current Stroke in the Graphics2D state.
     * @see #setStroke
     */
    public Stroke getStroke() {
        return stroke;
    }

    public Rectangle getClipBounds() {
        if (clipState == CLIP_DEVICE) {
            return null;
        }
        return getClipBounds(new Rectangle());
    }

    public Rectangle getClipBounds(Rectangle r) {
        if (clipState != CLIP_DEVICE) {
            if (transformState <= TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) {
                if (usrClip instanceof Rectangle) {
                    r.setBounds((Rectangle) usrClip);
                } else {
                    r.setFrame(usrClip.getBounds2D());
                }
                r.translate(-transX, -transY);
            } else {
                r.setFrame(getClip().getBounds2D());
            }
        } else if (r == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null rectangle parameter");
        }
        return r;
    }

    public boolean hitClip(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
        if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
            return false;
        }
        if (transformState > TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) {
            // Note: Technically the most accurate test would be to
            // raster scan the parallelogram of the transformed rectangle
            // and do a span for span hit test against the clip, but for
            // speed we approximate the test with a bounding box of the
            // transformed rectangle.  The cost of rasterizing the
            // transformed rectangle is probably high enough that it is
            // not worth doing so to save the caller from having to call
            // a rendering method where we will end up discovering the
            // same answer in about the same amount of time anyway.
            // This logic breaks down if this hit test is being performed
            // on the bounds of a group of shapes in which case it might
            // be beneficial to be a little more accurate to avoid lots
            // of subsequent rendering calls.  In either case, this relaxed
            // test should not be significantly less accurate than the
            // optimal test for most transforms and so the conservative
            // answer should not cause too much extra work.

            double d[] = {
                x, y,
                x+width, y,
                x, y+height,
                x+width, y+height
            };
            transform.transform(d, 0, d, 0, 4);
            x = (int) Math.floor(Math.min(Math.min(d[0], d[2]),
                                          Math.min(d[4], d[6])));
            y = (int) Math.floor(Math.min(Math.min(d[1], d[3]),
                                          Math.min(d[5], d[7])));
            width = (int) Math.ceil(Math.max(Math.max(d[0], d[2]),
                                             Math.max(d[4], d[6])));
            height = (int) Math.ceil(Math.max(Math.max(d[1], d[3]),
                                              Math.max(d[5], d[7])));
        } else {
            x += transX;
            y += transY;
            width += x;
            height += y;
        }

        try {
            if (!getCompClip().intersectsQuickCheckXYXY(x, y, width, height)) {
                return false;
            }
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            return false;
        }
        // REMIND: We could go one step further here and examine the
        // non-rectangular clip shape more closely if there is one.
        // Since the clip has already been rasterized, the performance
        // penalty of doing the scan is probably still within the bounds
        // of a good tradeoff between speed and quality of the answer.
        return true;
    }

    protected void validateCompClip() {
        int origClipState = clipState;
        if (usrClip == null) {
            clipState = CLIP_DEVICE;
            clipRegion = devClip;
        } else if (usrClip instanceof Rectangle2D) {
            clipState = CLIP_RECTANGULAR;
            clipRegion = devClip.getIntersection((Rectangle2D) usrClip);
        } else {
            PathIterator cpi = usrClip.getPathIterator(null);
            int box[] = new int[4];
            ShapeSpanIterator sr = LoopPipe.getFillSSI(this);
            try {
                sr.setOutputArea(devClip);
                sr.appendPath(cpi);
                sr.getPathBox(box);
                Region r = Region.getInstance(box, sr);
                clipRegion = r;
                clipState =
                    r.isRectangular() ? CLIP_RECTANGULAR : CLIP_SHAPE;
            } finally {
                sr.dispose();
            }
        }
        if (origClipState != clipState &&
            (clipState == CLIP_SHAPE || origClipState == CLIP_SHAPE))
        {
            validFontInfo = false;
            invalidatePipe();
        }
    }

    static final int NON_RECTILINEAR_TRANSFORM_MASK =
        (AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_TRANSFORM |
         AffineTransform.TYPE_GENERAL_ROTATION);

    protected Shape transformShape(Shape s) {
        if (s == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (transformState > TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) {
            return transformShape(transform, s);
        } else {
            return transformShape(transX, transY, s);
        }
    }

    public Shape untransformShape(Shape s) {
        if (s == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (transformState > TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) {
            try {
                return transformShape(transform.createInverse(), s);
            } catch (NoninvertibleTransformException e) {
                return null;
            }
        } else {
            return transformShape(-transX, -transY, s);
        }
    }

    protected static Shape transformShape(int tx, int ty, Shape s) {
        if (s == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (s instanceof Rectangle) {
            Rectangle r = s.getBounds();
            r.translate(tx, ty);
            return r;
        }
        if (s instanceof Rectangle2D) {
            Rectangle2D rect = (Rectangle2D) s;
            return new Rectangle2D.Double(rect.getX() + tx,
                                          rect.getY() + ty,
                                          rect.getWidth(),
                                          rect.getHeight());
        }

        if (tx == 0 && ty == 0) {
            return cloneShape(s);
        }

        AffineTransform mat = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(tx, ty);
        return mat.createTransformedShape(s);
    }

    protected static Shape transformShape(AffineTransform tx, Shape clip) {
        if (clip == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (clip instanceof Rectangle2D &&
            (tx.getType() & NON_RECTILINEAR_TRANSFORM_MASK) == 0)
        {
            Rectangle2D rect = (Rectangle2D) clip;
            double matrix[] = new double[4];
            matrix[0] = rect.getX();
            matrix[1] = rect.getY();
            matrix[2] = matrix[0] + rect.getWidth();
            matrix[3] = matrix[1] + rect.getHeight();
            tx.transform(matrix, 0, matrix, 0, 2);
            fixRectangleOrientation(matrix, rect);
            return new Rectangle2D.Double(matrix[0], matrix[1],
                                          matrix[2] - matrix[0],
                                          matrix[3] - matrix[1]);
        }

        if (tx.isIdentity()) {
            return cloneShape(clip);
        }

        return tx.createTransformedShape(clip);
    }

    /**
     * Sets orientation of the rectangle according to the clip.
     */
    private static void fixRectangleOrientation(double[] m, Rectangle2D clip) {
        if (clip.getWidth() > 0 != (m[2] - m[0] > 0)) {
            double t = m[0];
            m[0] = m[2];
            m[2] = t;
        }
        if (clip.getHeight() > 0 != (m[3] - m[1] > 0)) {
            double t = m[1];
            m[1] = m[3];
            m[3] = t;
        }
    }

    public void clipRect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        clip(new Rectangle(x, y, w, h));
    }

    public void setClip(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        setClip(new Rectangle(x, y, w, h));
    }

    public Shape getClip() {
        return untransformShape(usrClip);
    }

    public void setClip(Shape sh) {
        usrClip = transformShape(sh);
        validateCompClip();
    }

    /**
     * Intersects the current clip with the specified Path and sets the
     * current clip to the resulting intersection. The clip is transformed
     * with the current transform in the Graphics2D state before being
     * intersected with the current clip. This method is used to make the
     * current clip smaller. To make the clip larger, use any setClip method.
     * @param s The Path to be intersected with the current clip.
     */
    public void clip(Shape s) {
        s = transformShape(s);
        if (usrClip != null) {
            s = intersectShapes(usrClip, s, true, true);
        }
        usrClip = s;
        validateCompClip();
    }

    public void setPaintMode() {
        setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver);
    }

    public void setXORMode(Color c) {
        if (c == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null XORColor");
        }
        setComposite(new XORComposite(c, surfaceData));
    }

    Blit lastCAblit;
    Composite lastCAcomp;

    public void copyArea(int x, int y, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
        try {
            doCopyArea(x, y, w, h, dx, dy);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                doCopyArea(x, y, w, h, dx, dy);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    private void doCopyArea(int x, int y, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
        if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        if (transformState == SunGraphics2D.TRANSFORM_ISIDENT) {
            // do nothing
        } else if (transformState <= SunGraphics2D.TRANSFORM_ANY_TRANSLATE) {
            x += transX;
            y += transY;
        } else if (transformState == SunGraphics2D.TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
            final double[] coords = {x, y, x + w, y + h, x + dx, y + dy};
            transform.transform(coords, 0, coords, 0, 3);
            x = (int) Math.ceil(coords[0] - 0.5);
            y = (int) Math.ceil(coords[1] - 0.5);
            w = ((int) Math.ceil(coords[2] - 0.5)) - x;
            h = ((int) Math.ceil(coords[3] - 0.5)) - y;
            dx = ((int) Math.ceil(coords[4] - 0.5)) - x;
            dy = ((int) Math.ceil(coords[5] - 0.5)) - y;
            // In case of negative scale transform, reflect the rect coords.
            if (w < 0) {
                w = -w;
                x -= w;
            }
            if (h < 0) {
                h = -h;
                y -= h;
            }
        } else {
            throw new InternalError("transformed copyArea not implemented yet");
        }

        SurfaceData theData = surfaceData;
        if (theData.copyArea(this, x, y, w, h, dx, dy)) {
            return;
        }

        // REMIND: This method does not deal with missing data from the
        // source object (i.e. it does not send exposure events...)

        Region clip = getCompClip();

        Composite comp = composite;
        if (lastCAcomp != comp) {
            SurfaceType dsttype = theData.getSurfaceType();
            CompositeType comptype = imageComp;
            if (CompositeType.SrcOverNoEa.equals(comptype) &&
                theData.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE)
            {
                comptype = CompositeType.SrcNoEa;
            }
            lastCAblit = Blit.locate(dsttype, comptype, dsttype);
            lastCAcomp = comp;
        }

        Blit ob = lastCAblit;
        if (dy == 0 && dx > 0 && dx < w) {
            while (w > 0) {
                int partW = Math.min(w, dx);
                w -= partW;
                int sx = x + w;
                ob.Blit(theData, theData, comp, clip,
                        sx, y, sx+dx, y+dy, partW, h);
            }
            return;
        }
        if (dy > 0 && dy < h && dx > -w && dx < w) {
            while (h > 0) {
                int partH = Math.min(h, dy);
                h -= partH;
                int sy = y + h;
                ob.Blit(theData, theData, comp, clip,
                        x, sy, x+dx, sy+dy, w, partH);
            }
            return;
        }
            ob.Blit(theData, theData, comp, clip, x, y, x+dx, y+dy, w, h);
    }

    /*
    public void XcopyArea(int x, int y, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
        Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, w, h);
        rect = transformBounds(rect, transform);
        Point2D    point = new Point2D.Float(dx, dy);
        Point2D    root  = new Point2D.Float(0, 0);
        point = transform.transform(point, point);
        root  = transform.transform(root, root);
        int fdx = (int)(point.getX()-root.getX());
        int fdy = (int)(point.getY()-root.getY());

        Rectangle r = getCompBounds().intersection(rect.getBounds());

        if (r.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        // Begin Rasterizer for Clip Shape
        boolean skipClip = true;
        byte[] clipAlpha = null;

        if (clipState == CLIP_SHAPE) {

            int box[] = new int[4];

            clipRegion.getBounds(box);
            Rectangle devR = new Rectangle(box[0], box[1],
                                           box[2] - box[0],
                                           box[3] - box[1]);
            if (!devR.isEmpty()) {
                OutputManager mgr = getOutputManager();
                RegionIterator ri = clipRegion.getIterator();
                while (ri.nextYRange(box)) {
                    int spany = box[1];
                    int spanh = box[3] - spany;
                    while (ri.nextXBand(box)) {
                        int spanx = box[0];
                        int spanw = box[2] - spanx;
                        mgr.copyArea(this, null,
                                     spanw, 0,
                                     spanx, spany,
                                     spanw, spanh,
                                     fdx, fdy,
                                     null);
                    }
                }
            }
            return;
        }
        // End Rasterizer for Clip Shape

        getOutputManager().copyArea(this, null,
                                    r.width, 0,
                                    r.x, r.y, r.width,
                                    r.height, fdx, fdy,
                                    null);
    }
    */

    public void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawLine(this, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawLine(this, x1, y1, x2, y2);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawRoundRect(int x, int y, int w, int h, int arcW, int arcH) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawRoundRect(this, x, y, w, h, arcW, arcH);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawRoundRect(this, x, y, w, h, arcW, arcH);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void fillRoundRect(int x, int y, int w, int h, int arcW, int arcH) {
        try {
            fillpipe.fillRoundRect(this, x, y, w, h, arcW, arcH);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                fillpipe.fillRoundRect(this, x, y, w, h, arcW, arcH);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawOval(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawOval(this, x, y, w, h);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawOval(this, x, y, w, h);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void fillOval(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        try {
            fillpipe.fillOval(this, x, y, w, h);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                fillpipe.fillOval(this, x, y, w, h);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawArc(int x, int y, int w, int h,
                        int startAngl, int arcAngl) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawArc(this, x, y, w, h, startAngl, arcAngl);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawArc(this, x, y, w, h, startAngl, arcAngl);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void fillArc(int x, int y, int w, int h,
                        int startAngl, int arcAngl) {
        try {
            fillpipe.fillArc(this, x, y, w, h, startAngl, arcAngl);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                fillpipe.fillArc(this, x, y, w, h, startAngl, arcAngl);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawPolyline(int xPoints[], int yPoints[], int nPoints) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawPolyline(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawPolyline(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawPolygon(int xPoints[], int yPoints[], int nPoints) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawPolygon(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawPolygon(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void fillPolygon(int xPoints[], int yPoints[], int nPoints) {
        try {
            fillpipe.fillPolygon(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                fillpipe.fillPolygon(this, xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawRect (int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        try {
            drawpipe.drawRect(this, x, y, w, h);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                drawpipe.drawRect(this, x, y, w, h);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void fillRect (int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        try {
            fillpipe.fillRect(this, x, y, w, h);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                fillpipe.fillRect(this, x, y, w, h);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    private void revalidateAll() {
        try {
            // REMIND: This locking needs to be done around the
            // caller of this method so that the pipe stays valid
            // long enough to call the new primitive.
            // REMIND: No locking yet in screen SurfaceData objects!
            // surfaceData.lock();
            surfaceData = surfaceData.getReplacement();
            if (surfaceData == null) {
                surfaceData = NullSurfaceData.theInstance;
            }

            invalidatePipe();

            // this will recalculate the composite clip
            setDevClip(surfaceData.getBounds());

            if (paintState <= PAINT_ALPHACOLOR) {
                validateColor();
            }
            if (composite instanceof XORComposite) {
                Color c = ((XORComposite) composite).getXorColor();
                setComposite(new XORComposite(c, surfaceData));
            }
            validatePipe();
        } finally {
            // REMIND: No locking yet in screen SurfaceData objects!
            // surfaceData.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void clearRect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
        // REMIND: has some "interesting" consequences if threads are
        // not synchronized
        Composite c = composite;
        Paint p = paint;
        setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);
        setColor(getBackground());
        fillRect(x, y, w, h);
        setPaint(p);
        setComposite(c);
    }

    /**
     * Strokes the outline of a Path using the settings of the current
     * graphics state.  The rendering attributes applied include the
     * clip, transform, paint or color, composite and stroke attributes.
     * @param s The path to be drawn.
     * @see #setStroke
     * @see #setPaint
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setColor
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setTransform
     * @see #clip
     * @see #setClip
     * @see #setComposite
     */
    public void draw(Shape s) {
        try {
            shapepipe.draw(this, s);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                shapepipe.draw(this, s);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }


    /**
     * Fills the interior of a Path using the settings of the current
     * graphics state. The rendering attributes applied include the
     * clip, transform, paint or color, and composite.
     * @see #setPaint
     * @see java.awt.Graphics#setColor
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setTransform
     * @see #setComposite
     * @see #clip
     * @see #setClip
     */
    public void fill(Shape s) {
        try {
            shapepipe.fill(this, s);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                shapepipe.fill(this, s);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the given AffineTransform is an integer
     * translation.
     */
    private static boolean isIntegerTranslation(AffineTransform xform) {
        if (xform.isIdentity()) {
            return true;
        }
        if (xform.getType() == AffineTransform.TYPE_TRANSLATION) {
            double tx = xform.getTranslateX();
            double ty = xform.getTranslateY();
            return (tx == (int)tx && ty == (int)ty);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the tile corresponding to the supplied position
     * given the tile grid offset and size along the same axis.
     */
    private static int getTileIndex(int p, int tileGridOffset, int tileSize) {
        p -= tileGridOffset;
        if (p < 0) {
            p += 1 - tileSize;          // force round to -infinity (ceiling)
        }
        return p/tileSize;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a rectangle in image coordinates that may be required
     * in order to draw the given image into the given clipping region
     * through a pair of AffineTransforms.  In addition, horizontal and
     * vertical padding factors for antialising and interpolation may
     * be used.
     */
    private static Rectangle getImageRegion(RenderedImage img,
                                            Region compClip,
                                            AffineTransform transform,
                                            AffineTransform xform,
                                            int padX, int padY) {
        Rectangle imageRect =
            new Rectangle(img.getMinX(), img.getMinY(),
                          img.getWidth(), img.getHeight());

        Rectangle result = null;
        try {
            double p[] = new double[8];
            p[0] = p[2] = compClip.getLoX();
            p[4] = p[6] = compClip.getHiX();
            p[1] = p[5] = compClip.getLoY();
            p[3] = p[7] = compClip.getHiY();

            // Inverse transform the output bounding rect
            transform.inverseTransform(p, 0, p, 0, 4);
            xform.inverseTransform(p, 0, p, 0, 4);

            // Determine a bounding box for the inverse transformed region
            double x0,x1,y0,y1;
            x0 = x1 = p[0];
            y0 = y1 = p[1];

            for (int i = 2; i < 8; ) {
                double pt = p[i++];
                if (pt < x0)  {
                    x0 = pt;
                } else if (pt > x1) {
                    x1 = pt;
                }
                pt = p[i++];
                if (pt < y0)  {
                    y0 = pt;
                } else if (pt > y1) {
                    y1 = pt;
                }
            }

            // This is padding for anti-aliasing and such.  It may
            // be more than is needed.
            int x = (int)x0 - padX;
            int w = (int)(x1 - x0 + 2*padX);
            int y = (int)y0 - padY;
            int h = (int)(y1 - y0 + 2*padY);

            Rectangle clipRect = new Rectangle(x,y,w,h);
            result = clipRect.intersection(imageRect);
        } catch (NoninvertibleTransformException nte) {
            // Worst case bounds are the bounds of the image.
            result = imageRect;
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Draws an image, applying a transform from image space into user space
     * before drawing.
     * The transformation from user space into device space is done with
     * the current transform in the Graphics2D.
     * The given transformation is applied to the image before the
     * transform attribute in the Graphics2D state is applied.
     * The rendering attributes applied include the clip, transform,
     * and composite attributes. Note that the result is
     * undefined, if the given transform is noninvertible.
     * @param img The image to be drawn. Does nothing if img is null.
     * @param xform The transformation from image space into user space.
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setTransform
     * @see #setComposite
     * @see #clip
     * @see #setClip
     */
    public void drawRenderedImage(RenderedImage img,
                                  AffineTransform xform) {

        if (img == null) {
            return;
        }

        // BufferedImage case: use a simple drawImage call
        if (img instanceof BufferedImage) {
            BufferedImage bufImg = (BufferedImage)img;
            drawImage(bufImg,xform,null);
            return;
        }

        // transformState tracks the state of transform and
        // transX, transY contain the integer casts of the
        // translation factors
        boolean isIntegerTranslate =
            (transformState <= TRANSFORM_INT_TRANSLATE) &&
            isIntegerTranslation(xform);

        // Include padding for interpolation/antialiasing if necessary
        int pad = isIntegerTranslate ? 0 : 3;

        Region clip;
        try {
            clip = getCompClip();
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            return;
        }

        // Determine the region of the image that may contribute to
        // the clipped drawing area
        Rectangle region = getImageRegion(img,
                                          clip,
                                          transform,
                                          xform,
                                          pad, pad);
        if (region.width <= 0 || region.height <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        // Attempt to optimize integer translation of tiled images.
        // Although theoretically we are O.K. if the concatenation of
        // the user transform and the device transform is an integer
        // translation, we'll play it safe and only optimize the case
        // where both are integer translations.
        if (isIntegerTranslate) {
            // Use optimized code
            // Note that drawTranslatedRenderedImage calls copyImage
            // which takes the user space to device space transform into
            // account, but we need to provide the image space to user space
            // translations.

            drawTranslatedRenderedImage(img, region,
                                        (int) xform.getTranslateX(),
                                        (int) xform.getTranslateY());
            return;
        }

        // General case: cobble the necessary region into a single Raster
        Raster raster = img.getData(region);

        // Make a new Raster with the same contents as raster
        // but starting at (0, 0).  This raster is thus in the same
        // coordinate system as the SampleModel of the original raster.
        WritableRaster wRaster =
              Raster.createWritableRaster(raster.getSampleModel(),
                                          raster.getDataBuffer(),
                                          null);

        // If the original raster was in a different coordinate
        // system than its SampleModel, we need to perform an
        // additional translation in order to get the (minX, minY)
        // pixel of raster to be pixel (0, 0) of wRaster.  We also
        // have to have the correct width and height.
        int minX = raster.getMinX();
        int minY = raster.getMinY();
        int width = raster.getWidth();
        int height = raster.getHeight();
        int px = minX - raster.getSampleModelTranslateX();
        int py = minY - raster.getSampleModelTranslateY();
        if (px != 0 || py != 0 || width != wRaster.getWidth() ||
            height != wRaster.getHeight()) {
            wRaster =
                wRaster.createWritableChild(px,
                                            py,
                                            width,
                                            height,
                                            0, 0,
                                            null);
        }

        // Now we have a BufferedImage starting at (0, 0)
        // with the same contents that started at (minX, minY)
        // in raster.  So we must draw the BufferedImage with a
        // translation of (minX, minY).
        AffineTransform transXform = (AffineTransform)xform.clone();
        transXform.translate(minX, minY);

        ColorModel cm = img.getColorModel();
        BufferedImage bufImg = new BufferedImage(cm,
                                                 wRaster,
                                                 cm.isAlphaPremultiplied(),
                                                 null);
        drawImage(bufImg, transXform, null);
    }

    /**
     * Intersects {@code destRect} with {@code clip} and
     * overwrites {@code destRect} with the result.
     * Returns false if the intersection was empty, true otherwise.
     */
    private boolean clipTo(Rectangle destRect, Rectangle clip) {
        int x1 = Math.max(destRect.x, clip.x);
        int x2 = Math.min(destRect.x + destRect.width, clip.x + clip.width);
        int y1 = Math.max(destRect.y, clip.y);
        int y2 = Math.min(destRect.y + destRect.height, clip.y + clip.height);
        if (((x2 - x1) < 0) || ((y2 - y1) < 0)) {
            destRect.width = -1; // Set both just to be safe
            destRect.height = -1;
            return false;
        } else {
            destRect.x = x1;
            destRect.y = y1;
            destRect.width = x2 - x1;
            destRect.height = y2 - y1;
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Draw a portion of a RenderedImage tile-by-tile with a given
     * integer image to user space translation.  The user to
     * device transform must also be an integer translation.
     */
    private void drawTranslatedRenderedImage(RenderedImage img,
                                             Rectangle region,
                                             int i2uTransX,
                                             int i2uTransY) {
        // Cache tile grid info
        int tileGridXOffset = img.getTileGridXOffset();
        int tileGridYOffset = img.getTileGridYOffset();
        int tileWidth = img.getTileWidth();
        int tileHeight = img.getTileHeight();

        // Determine the tile index extrema in each direction
        int minTileX =
            getTileIndex(region.x, tileGridXOffset, tileWidth);
        int minTileY =
            getTileIndex(region.y, tileGridYOffset, tileHeight);
        int maxTileX =
            getTileIndex(region.x + region.width - 1,
                         tileGridXOffset, tileWidth);
        int maxTileY =
            getTileIndex(region.y + region.height - 1,
                         tileGridYOffset, tileHeight);

        // Create a single ColorModel to use for all BufferedImages
        ColorModel colorModel = img.getColorModel();

        // Reuse the same Rectangle for each iteration
        Rectangle tileRect = new Rectangle();

        for (int ty = minTileY; ty <= maxTileY; ty++) {
            for (int tx = minTileX; tx <= maxTileX; tx++) {
                // Get the current tile.
                Raster raster = img.getTile(tx, ty);

                // Fill in tileRect with the tile bounds
                tileRect.x = tx*tileWidth + tileGridXOffset;
                tileRect.y = ty*tileHeight + tileGridYOffset;
                tileRect.width = tileWidth;
                tileRect.height = tileHeight;

                // Clip the tile against the image bounds and
                // backwards mapped clip region
                // The result can't be empty
                clipTo(tileRect, region);

                // Create a WritableRaster containing the tile
                WritableRaster wRaster = null;
                if (raster instanceof WritableRaster) {
                    wRaster = (WritableRaster)raster;
                } else {
                    // Create a WritableRaster in the same coordinate system
                    // as the original raster.
                    wRaster =
                        Raster.createWritableRaster(raster.getSampleModel(),
                                                    raster.getDataBuffer(),
                                                    null);
                }

                // Translate wRaster to start at (0, 0) and to contain
                // only the relevent portion of the tile
                wRaster = wRaster.createWritableChild(tileRect.x, tileRect.y,
                                                      tileRect.width,
                                                      tileRect.height,
                                                      0, 0,
                                                      null);

                // Wrap wRaster in a BufferedImage
                BufferedImage bufImg =
                    new BufferedImage(colorModel,
                                      wRaster,
                                      colorModel.isAlphaPremultiplied(),
                                      null);
                // Now we have a BufferedImage starting at (0, 0) that
                // represents data from a Raster starting at
                // (tileRect.x, tileRect.y).  Additionally, it needs
                // to be translated by (i2uTransX, i2uTransY).  We call
                // copyImage to draw just the region of interest
                // without needing to create a child image.
                copyImage(bufImg, tileRect.x + i2uTransX,
                          tileRect.y + i2uTransY, 0, 0, tileRect.width,
                          tileRect.height, null, null);
            }
        }
    }

    public void drawRenderableImage(RenderableImage img,
                                    AffineTransform xform) {

        if (img == null) {
            return;
        }

        AffineTransform pipeTransform = transform;
        AffineTransform concatTransform = new AffineTransform(xform);
        concatTransform.concatenate(pipeTransform);
        AffineTransform reverseTransform;

        RenderContext rc = new RenderContext(concatTransform);

        try {
            reverseTransform = pipeTransform.createInverse();
        } catch (NoninvertibleTransformException nte) {
            rc = new RenderContext(pipeTransform);
            reverseTransform = new AffineTransform();
        }

        RenderedImage rendering = img.createRendering(rc);
        drawRenderedImage(rendering,reverseTransform);
    }



    /*
     * Transform the bounding box of the BufferedImage
     */
    protected Rectangle transformBounds(Rectangle rect,
                                        AffineTransform tx) {
        if (tx.isIdentity()) {
            return rect;
        }

        Shape s = transformShape(tx, rect);
        return s.getBounds();
    }

    // text rendering methods
    public void drawString(String str, int x, int y) {
        if (str == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("String is null");
        }

        if (font.hasLayoutAttributes()) {
            if (str.length() == 0) {
                return;
            }
            new TextLayout(str, font, getFontRenderContext()).draw(this, x, y);
            return;
        }

        try {
            textpipe.drawString(this, str, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                textpipe.drawString(this, str, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawString(String str, float x, float y) {
        if (str == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("String is null");
        }

        if (font.hasLayoutAttributes()) {
            if (str.length() == 0) {
                return;
            }
            new TextLayout(str, font, getFontRenderContext()).draw(this, x, y);
            return;
        }

        try {
            textpipe.drawString(this, str, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                textpipe.drawString(this, str, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawString(AttributedCharacterIterator iterator,
                           int x, int y) {
        if (iterator == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("AttributedCharacterIterator is null");
        }
        if (iterator.getBeginIndex() == iterator.getEndIndex()) {
            return; /* nothing to draw */
        }
        TextLayout tl = new TextLayout(iterator, getFontRenderContext());
        tl.draw(this, (float) x, (float) y);
    }

    public void drawString(AttributedCharacterIterator iterator,
                           float x, float y) {
        if (iterator == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("AttributedCharacterIterator is null");
        }
        if (iterator.getBeginIndex() == iterator.getEndIndex()) {
            return; /* nothing to draw */
        }
        TextLayout tl = new TextLayout(iterator, getFontRenderContext());
        tl.draw(this, x, y);
    }

    public void drawGlyphVector(GlyphVector gv, float x, float y)
    {
        if (gv == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("GlyphVector is null");
        }

        try {
            textpipe.drawGlyphVector(this, gv, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                textpipe.drawGlyphVector(this, gv, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawChars(char data[], int offset, int length, int x, int y) {

        if (data == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("char data is null");
        }
        if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > data.length) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("bad offset/length");
        }
        if (font.hasLayoutAttributes()) {
            if (data.length == 0) {
                return;
            }
            new TextLayout(new String(data, offset, length),
                           font, getFontRenderContext()).draw(this, x, y);
            return;
        }

        try {
            textpipe.drawChars(this, data, offset, length, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                textpipe.drawChars(this, data, offset, length, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    public void drawBytes(byte data[], int offset, int length, int x, int y) {
        if (data == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("byte data is null");
        }
        if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > data.length) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("bad offset/length");
        }
        /* Byte data is interpreted as 8-bit ASCII. Re-use drawChars loops */
        char chData[] = new char[length];
        for (int i = length; i-- > 0; ) {
            chData[i] = (char)(data[i+offset] & 0xff);
        }
        if (font.hasLayoutAttributes()) {
            if (data.length == 0) {
                return;
            }
            new TextLayout(new String(chData),
                           font, getFontRenderContext()).draw(this, x, y);
            return;
        }

        try {
            textpipe.drawChars(this, chData, 0, length, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                textpipe.drawChars(this, chData, 0, length, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }
// end of text rendering methods

    private Boolean drawHiDPIImage(Image img,
                                   int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                                   int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                                   Color bgcolor, ImageObserver observer,
                                   AffineTransform xform) {

        if (img instanceof VolatileImage) {
            final SurfaceData sd = SurfaceManager.getManager(img)
                    .getPrimarySurfaceData();
            final double scaleX = sd.getDefaultScaleX();
            final double scaleY = sd.getDefaultScaleY();
            if (scaleX == 1 && scaleY == 1) {
                return null;
            }
            sx1 = Region.clipRound(sx1 * scaleX);
            sx2 = Region.clipRound(sx2 * scaleX);
            sy1 = Region.clipRound(sy1 * scaleY);
            sy2 = Region.clipRound(sy2 * scaleY);

            AffineTransform tx = null;
            if (xform != null) {
                tx = new AffineTransform(transform);
                transform(xform);
            }
            boolean result = scaleImage(img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                        sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2,
                                        bgcolor, observer);
            if (tx != null) {
                transform.setTransform(tx);
                invalidateTransform();
            }
            return result;
        } else if (img instanceof MultiResolutionImage) {
            // get scaled destination image size

            int width = img.getWidth(observer);
            int height = img.getHeight(observer);

            MultiResolutionImage mrImage = (MultiResolutionImage) img;
            Image resolutionVariant = getResolutionVariant(mrImage, width, height,
                                                           dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                                           sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2,
                                                           xform);

            if (resolutionVariant != img && resolutionVariant != null) {
                // recalculate source region for the resolution variant

                ImageObserver rvObserver = MultiResolutionToolkitImage.
                        getResolutionVariantObserver(img, observer,
                                width, height, -1, -1);

                int rvWidth = resolutionVariant.getWidth(rvObserver);
                int rvHeight = resolutionVariant.getHeight(rvObserver);

                if (0 < width && 0 < height && 0 < rvWidth && 0 < rvHeight) {

                    double widthScale = ((double) rvWidth) / width;
                    double heightScale = ((double) rvHeight) / height;

                    sx1 = Region.clipScale(sx1, widthScale);
                    sy1 = Region.clipScale(sy1, heightScale);
                    sx2 = Region.clipScale(sx2, widthScale);
                    sy2 = Region.clipScale(sy2, heightScale);

                    observer = rvObserver;
                    img = resolutionVariant;

                    if (xform != null) {
                        assert dx1 == 0 && dy1 == 0;
                        assert dx2 == img.getWidth(observer);
                        assert dy2 == img.getHeight(observer);
                        AffineTransform renderTX = new AffineTransform(xform);
                        renderTX.scale(1 / widthScale, 1 / heightScale);
                        return transformImage(img, renderTX, observer);
                    }

                    return scaleImage(img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                      sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2,
                                      bgcolor, observer);
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private boolean scaleImage(Image img, int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                               int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                               Color bgcolor, ImageObserver observer)
    {
        try {
            return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, sx1, sy1,
                                        sx2, sy2, bgcolor, observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, sx1,
                                            sy1, sx2, sy2, bgcolor, observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    private boolean transformImage(Image img,
                                   AffineTransform xform,
                                   ImageObserver observer)
    {
        try {
            return imagepipe.transformImage(this, img, xform, observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.transformImage(this, img, xform, observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    private Image getResolutionVariant(MultiResolutionImage img,
            int srcWidth, int srcHeight, int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
            int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2, AffineTransform xform) {

        if (srcWidth <= 0 || srcHeight <= 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int sw = sx2 - sx1;
        int sh = sy2 - sy1;

        if (sw == 0 || sh == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        AffineTransform tx;

        if (xform == null) {
            tx = transform;
        } else {
            tx = new AffineTransform(transform);
            tx.concatenate(xform);
        }

        int type = tx.getType();
        int dw = dx2 - dx1;
        int dh = dy2 - dy1;

        double destImageWidth;
        double destImageHeight;

        if (resolutionVariantHint == SunHints.INTVAL_RESOLUTION_VARIANT_BASE) {
            destImageWidth = srcWidth;
            destImageHeight = srcHeight;
        } else if (resolutionVariantHint == SunHints.INTVAL_RESOLUTION_VARIANT_DPI_FIT) {
            AffineTransform configTransform = getDefaultTransform();
            if (configTransform.isIdentity()) {
                destImageWidth = srcWidth;
                destImageHeight = srcHeight;
            } else {
                destImageWidth = srcWidth * configTransform.getScaleX();
                destImageHeight = srcHeight * configTransform.getScaleY();
            }
        } else {
            double destRegionWidth;
            double destRegionHeight;

            if ((type & ~(TYPE_TRANSLATION | TYPE_FLIP)) == 0) {
                destRegionWidth = dw;
                destRegionHeight = dh;
            } else if ((type & ~(TYPE_TRANSLATION | TYPE_FLIP | TYPE_MASK_SCALE)) == 0) {
                destRegionWidth = dw * tx.getScaleX();
                destRegionHeight = dh * tx.getScaleY();
            } else {
                destRegionWidth = dw * Math.hypot(
                        tx.getScaleX(), tx.getShearY());
                destRegionHeight = dh * Math.hypot(
                        tx.getShearX(), tx.getScaleY());
            }
            destImageWidth = Math.abs(srcWidth * destRegionWidth / sw);
            destImageHeight = Math.abs(srcHeight * destRegionHeight / sh);
        }

        Image resolutionVariant
                = img.getResolutionVariant(destImageWidth, destImageHeight);

        if (resolutionVariant instanceof ToolkitImage
                && ((ToolkitImage) resolutionVariant).hasError()) {
            return null;
        }

        return resolutionVariant;
    }

    /**
     * Draws an image scaled to x,y,w,h in nonblocking mode with a
     * callback object.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, int width, int height,
                             ImageObserver observer) {
        return drawImage(img, x, y, width, height, null, observer);
    }

    /**
     * Not part of the advertised API but a useful utility method
     * to call internally.  This is for the case where we are
     * drawing to/from given coordinates using a given width/height,
     * but we guarantee that the surfaceData's width/height of the src and dest
     * areas are equal (no scale needed). Note that this method intentionally
     * ignore scale factor of the source image, and copy it as is.
     */
    public boolean copyImage(Image img, int dx, int dy, int sx, int sy,
                             int width, int height, Color bgcolor,
                             ImageObserver observer) {
        try {
            return imagepipe.copyImage(this, img, dx, dy, sx, sy,
                                       width, height, bgcolor, observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.copyImage(this, img, dx, dy, sx, sy,
                                           width, height, bgcolor, observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Draws an image scaled to x,y,w,h in nonblocking mode with a
     * solid background color and a callback object.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, int width, int height,
                             Color bg, ImageObserver observer) {

        if (img == null) {
            return true;
        }

        if ((width == 0) || (height == 0)) {
            return true;
        }

        final int imgW = img.getWidth(null);
        final int imgH = img.getHeight(null);
        Boolean hidpiImageDrawn = drawHiDPIImage(img, x, y, x + width, y + height,
                                                 0, 0, imgW, imgH, bg, observer,
                                                 null);
        if (hidpiImageDrawn != null) {
            return hidpiImageDrawn;
        }

        if (width == imgW && height == imgH) {
            return copyImage(img, x, y, 0, 0, width, height, bg, observer);
        }

        try {
            return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, x, y, width, height,
                                        bg, observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, x, y, width, height,
                                            bg, observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Draws an image at x,y in nonblocking mode.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver observer) {
        return drawImage(img, x, y, null, observer);
    }

    /**
     * Draws an image at x,y in nonblocking mode with a solid background
     * color and a callback object.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, Color bg,
                             ImageObserver observer) {

        if (img == null) {
            return true;
        }

        final int imgW = img.getWidth(null);
        final int imgH = img.getHeight(null);
        Boolean hidpiImageDrawn = drawHiDPIImage(img, x, y, x + imgW, y + imgH,
                                                 0, 0, imgW, imgH, bg, observer,
                                                 null);
        if (hidpiImageDrawn != null) {
            return hidpiImageDrawn;
        }

        try {
            return imagepipe.copyImage(this, img, x, y, bg, observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.copyImage(this, img, x, y, bg, observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Draws a subrectangle of an image scaled to a destination rectangle
     * in nonblocking mode with a callback object.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img,
                             int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                             int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                             ImageObserver observer) {
        return drawImage(img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2, null,
                         observer);
    }

    /**
     * Draws a subrectangle of an image scaled to a destination rectangle in
     * nonblocking mode with a solid background color and a callback object.
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img,
                             int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                             int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                             Color bgcolor, ImageObserver observer) {

        if (img == null) {
            return true;
        }

        if (dx1 == dx2 || dy1 == dy2 ||
            sx1 == sx2 || sy1 == sy2)
        {
            return true;
        }

        Boolean hidpiImageDrawn = drawHiDPIImage(img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                                 sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2,
                                                 bgcolor, observer, null);

        if (hidpiImageDrawn != null) {
            return hidpiImageDrawn;
        }

        if (((sx2 - sx1) == (dx2 - dx1)) &&
            ((sy2 - sy1) == (dy2 - dy1)))
        {
            // Not a scale - forward it to a copy routine
            int srcX, srcY, dstX, dstY, width, height;
            if (sx2 > sx1) {
                width = sx2 - sx1;
                srcX = sx1;
                dstX = dx1;
            } else {
                width = sx1 - sx2;
                srcX = sx2;
                dstX = dx2;
            }
            if (sy2 > sy1) {
                height = sy2-sy1;
                srcY = sy1;
                dstY = dy1;
            } else {
                height = sy1-sy2;
                srcY = sy2;
                dstY = dy2;
            }
            return copyImage(img, dstX, dstY, srcX, srcY,
                             width, height, bgcolor, observer);
        }

        try {
            return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                          sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2, bgcolor,
                                          observer);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                return imagepipe.scaleImage(this, img, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2,
                                              sx1, sy1, sx2, sy2, bgcolor,
                                              observer);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
                return false;
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Draw an image, applying a transform from image space into user space
     * before drawing.
     * The transformation from user space into device space is done with
     * the current transform in the Graphics2D.
     * The given transformation is applied to the image before the
     * transform attribute in the Graphics2D state is applied.
     * The rendering attributes applied include the clip, transform,
     * paint or color and composite attributes. Note that the result is
     * undefined, if the given transform is non-invertible.
     * @param img The image to be drawn.
     * @param xform The transformation from image space into user space.
     * @param observer The image observer to be notified on the image producing
     * progress.
     * @see #transform
     * @see #setComposite
     * @see #setClip
     */
    public boolean drawImage(Image img,
                             AffineTransform xform,
                             ImageObserver observer) {

        if (img == null) {
            return true;
        }

        if (xform == null || xform.isIdentity()) {
            return drawImage(img, 0, 0, null, observer);
        }

        final int w = img.getWidth(null);
        final int h = img.getHeight(null);
        Boolean hidpiImageDrawn = drawHiDPIImage(img, 0, 0, w, h, 0, 0, w, h,
                                                 null, observer, xform);

        if (hidpiImageDrawn != null) {
            return hidpiImageDrawn;
        }

        return transformImage(img, xform, observer);
    }

    public void drawImage(BufferedImage bImg,
                          BufferedImageOp op,
                          int x,
                          int y)  {

        if (bImg == null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            imagepipe.transformImage(this, bImg, op, x, y);
        } catch (InvalidPipeException e) {
            try {
                revalidateAll();
                imagepipe.transformImage(this, bImg, op, x, y);
            } catch (InvalidPipeException e2) {
                // Still catching the exception; we are not yet ready to
                // validate the surfaceData correctly.  Fail for now and
                // try again next time around.
            }
        } finally {
            surfaceData.markDirty();
        }
    }

    /**
    * Get the rendering context of the font
    * within this Graphics2D context.
    */
    public FontRenderContext getFontRenderContext() {
        if (cachedFRC == null) {
            int aahint = textAntialiasHint;
            if (aahint == SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT &&
                antialiasHint == SunHints.INTVAL_ANTIALIAS_ON) {
                aahint = SunHints.INTVAL_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON;
            }
            // Translation components should be excluded from the FRC transform
            AffineTransform tx = null;
            if (transformState >= TRANSFORM_TRANSLATESCALE) {
                if (transform.getTranslateX() == 0 &&
                    transform.getTranslateY() == 0) {
                    tx = transform;
                } else {
                    tx = new AffineTransform(transform.getScaleX(),
                                             transform.getShearY(),
                                             transform.getShearX(),
                                             transform.getScaleY(),
                                             0, 0);
                }
            }
            cachedFRC = new FontRenderContext(tx,
             SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, aahint),
             SunHints.Value.get(SunHints.INTKEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS,
                                fractionalMetricsHint));
        }
        return cachedFRC;
    }
    private FontRenderContext cachedFRC;

    /**
     * This object has no resources to dispose of per se, but the
     * doc comments for the base method in java.awt.Graphics imply
     * that this object will not be useable after it is disposed.
     * So, we sabotage the object to prevent further use to prevent
     * developers from relying on behavior that may not work on
     * other, less forgiving, VMs that really need to dispose of
     * resources.
     */
    public void dispose() {
        surfaceData = NullSurfaceData.theInstance;
        invalidatePipe();
    }

    /**
     * Graphics has a finalize method that automatically calls dispose()
     * for subclasses.  For SunGraphics2D we do not need to be finalized
     * so that method simply causes us to be enqueued on the Finalizer
     * queues for no good reason.  Unfortunately, that method and
     * implementation are now considered part of the public contract
     * of that base class so we can not remove or gut the method.
     * We override it here with an empty method and the VM is smart
     * enough to know that if our override is empty then it should not
     * mark us as finalizeable.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void finalize() {
        // DO NOT REMOVE THIS METHOD
    }

    /**
     * Returns destination that this Graphics renders to.  This could be
     * either an Image or a Component; subclasses of SurfaceData are
     * responsible for returning the appropriate object.
     */
    public Object getDestination() {
        return surfaceData.getDestination();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see sun.java2d.DestSurfaceProvider#getDestSurface
     */
    @Override
    public Surface getDestSurface() {
        return surfaceData;
    }
}