1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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24 */
25
26/*
27 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
28 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
29 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
30 * file:
31 *
32 * Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
33 *
34 * All rights reserved.
35 *
36 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
38 *
39 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
40 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41 *
42 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
43 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
44 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
45 *
46 *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
47 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48 *    without specific prior written permission.
49 *
50 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
51 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
52 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
53 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
54 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
55 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
56 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
57 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
58 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
59 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
60 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
61 */
62package java.time.format;
63
64import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
65import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY;
66import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS;
67import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR;
68import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
69import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND;
70import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;
71import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE;
72import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
73import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
74
75import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
76import java.math.BigDecimal;
77import java.math.BigInteger;
78import java.math.RoundingMode;
79import java.text.ParsePosition;
80import java.time.DateTimeException;
81import java.time.Instant;
82import java.time.LocalDate;
83import java.time.LocalDateTime;
84import java.time.LocalTime;
85import java.time.ZoneId;
86import java.time.ZoneOffset;
87import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
88import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTime;
89import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
90import java.time.chrono.Era;
91import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
92import java.time.format.DateTimeTextProvider.LocaleStore;
93import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
94import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
95import java.time.temporal.JulianFields;
96import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
97import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
98import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
99import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
100import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
101import java.time.temporal.WeekFields;
102import java.time.zone.ZoneRulesProvider;
103import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry;
104import java.util.ArrayList;
105import java.util.Arrays;
106import java.util.Collections;
107import java.util.Comparator;
108import java.util.HashMap;
109import java.util.HashSet;
110import java.util.Iterator;
111import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
112import java.util.List;
113import java.util.Locale;
114import java.util.Map;
115import java.util.Map.Entry;
116import java.util.Objects;
117import java.util.Set;
118import java.util.TimeZone;
119import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
120import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
121
122import sun.text.spi.JavaTimeDateTimePatternProvider;
123import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
124import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleResources;
125import sun.util.locale.provider.TimeZoneNameUtility;
126
127/**
128 * Builder to create date-time formatters.
129 * <p>
130 * This allows a {@code DateTimeFormatter} to be created.
131 * All date-time formatters are created ultimately using this builder.
132 * <p>
133 * The basic elements of date-time can all be added:
134 * <ul>
135 * <li>Value - a numeric value</li>
136 * <li>Fraction - a fractional value including the decimal place. Always use this when
137 * outputting fractions to ensure that the fraction is parsed correctly</li>
138 * <li>Text - the textual equivalent for the value</li>
139 * <li>OffsetId/Offset - the {@linkplain ZoneOffset zone offset}</li>
140 * <li>ZoneId - the {@linkplain ZoneId time-zone} id</li>
141 * <li>ZoneText - the name of the time-zone</li>
142 * <li>ChronologyId - the {@linkplain Chronology chronology} id</li>
143 * <li>ChronologyText - the name of the chronology</li>
144 * <li>Literal - a text literal</li>
145 * <li>Nested and Optional - formats can be nested or made optional</li>
146 * </ul>
147 * In addition, any of the elements may be decorated by padding, either with spaces or any other character.
148 * <p>
149 * Finally, a shorthand pattern, mostly compatible with {@code java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}
150 * can be used, see {@link #appendPattern(String)}.
151 * In practice, this simply parses the pattern and calls other methods on the builder.
152 *
153 * @implSpec
154 * This class is a mutable builder intended for use from a single thread.
155 *
156 * @since 1.8
157 */
158public final class DateTimeFormatterBuilder {
159
160    /**
161     * Query for a time-zone that is region-only.
162     */
163    private static final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> QUERY_REGION_ONLY = (temporal) -> {
164        ZoneId zone = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
165        return (zone != null && zone instanceof ZoneOffset == false ? zone : null);
166    };
167
168    /**
169     * The currently active builder, used by the outermost builder.
170     */
171    private DateTimeFormatterBuilder active = this;
172    /**
173     * The parent builder, null for the outermost builder.
174     */
175    private final DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent;
176    /**
177     * The list of printers that will be used.
178     */
179    private final List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers = new ArrayList<>();
180    /**
181     * Whether this builder produces an optional formatter.
182     */
183    private final boolean optional;
184    /**
185     * The width to pad the next field to.
186     */
187    private int padNextWidth;
188    /**
189     * The character to pad the next field with.
190     */
191    private char padNextChar;
192    /**
193     * The index of the last variable width value parser.
194     */
195    private int valueParserIndex = -1;
196
197    /**
198     * Gets the formatting pattern for date and time styles for a locale and chronology.
199     * The locale and chronology are used to lookup the locale specific format
200     * for the requested dateStyle and/or timeStyle.
201     *
202     * @param dateStyle  the FormatStyle for the date, null for time-only pattern
203     * @param timeStyle  the FormatStyle for the time, null for date-only pattern
204     * @param chrono  the Chronology, non-null
205     * @param locale  the locale, non-null
206     * @return the locale and Chronology specific formatting pattern
207     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both dateStyle and timeStyle are null
208     */
209    public static String getLocalizedDateTimePattern(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle,
210            Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
211        Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
212        Objects.requireNonNull(chrono, "chrono");
213        if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
214            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either dateStyle or timeStyle must be non-null");
215        }
216        LocaleProviderAdapter adapter = LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(JavaTimeDateTimePatternProvider.class, locale);
217        JavaTimeDateTimePatternProvider provider = adapter.getJavaTimeDateTimePatternProvider();
218        String pattern = provider.getJavaTimeDateTimePattern(convertStyle(timeStyle),
219                         convertStyle(dateStyle), chrono.getCalendarType(), locale);
220        return pattern;
221    }
222
223    /**
224     * Converts the given FormatStyle to the java.text.DateFormat style.
225     *
226     * @param style  the FormatStyle style
227     * @return the int style, or -1 if style is null, indicating un-required
228     */
229    private static int convertStyle(FormatStyle style) {
230        if (style == null) {
231            return -1;
232        }
233        return style.ordinal();  // indices happen to align
234    }
235
236    /**
237     * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
238     */
239    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder() {
240        super();
241        parent = null;
242        optional = false;
243    }
244
245    /**
246     * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
247     *
248     * @param parent  the parent builder, not null
249     * @param optional  whether the formatter is optional, not null
250     */
251    private DateTimeFormatterBuilder(DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent, boolean optional) {
252        super();
253        this.parent = parent;
254        this.optional = optional;
255    }
256
257    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
258    /**
259     * Changes the parse style to be case sensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
260     * <p>
261     * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
262     * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
263     * <p>
264     * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
265     * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case sensitive mode.
266     * See {@link #parseCaseInsensitive} for the opposite setting.
267     * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
268     * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
269     * multiple times during the parse.
270     * <p>
271     * Since the default is case sensitive, this method should only be used after
272     * a previous call to {@code #parseCaseInsensitive}.
273     *
274     * @return this, for chaining, not null
275     */
276    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseSensitive() {
277        appendInternal(SettingsParser.SENSITIVE);
278        return this;
279    }
280
281    /**
282     * Changes the parse style to be case insensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
283     * <p>
284     * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
285     * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
286     * <p>
287     * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
288     * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case insensitive mode.
289     * See {@link #parseCaseSensitive()} for the opposite setting.
290     * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
291     * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
292     * multiple times during the parse.
293     *
294     * @return this, for chaining, not null
295     */
296    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseInsensitive() {
297        appendInternal(SettingsParser.INSENSITIVE);
298        return this;
299    }
300
301    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
302    /**
303     * Changes the parse style to be strict for the remainder of the formatter.
304     * <p>
305     * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
306     * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
307     * <p>
308     * When used, this method changes the parsing to be strict from this point onwards.
309     * As strict is the default, this is normally only needed after calling {@link #parseLenient()}.
310     * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
311     * constructed or until {@code parseLenient} is called.
312     *
313     * @return this, for chaining, not null
314     */
315    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseStrict() {
316        appendInternal(SettingsParser.STRICT);
317        return this;
318    }
319
320    /**
321     * Changes the parse style to be lenient for the remainder of the formatter.
322     * Note that case sensitivity is set separately to this method.
323     * <p>
324     * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
325     * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
326     * Applications calling this method should typically also call {@link #parseCaseInsensitive()}.
327     * <p>
328     * When used, this method changes the parsing to be lenient from this point onwards.
329     * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
330     * constructed or until {@code parseStrict} is called.
331     *
332     * @return this, for chaining, not null
333     */
334    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseLenient() {
335        appendInternal(SettingsParser.LENIENT);
336        return this;
337    }
338
339    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
340    /**
341     * Appends a default value for a field to the formatter for use in parsing.
342     * <p>
343     * This appends an instruction to the builder to inject a default value
344     * into the parsed result. This is especially useful in conjunction with
345     * optional parts of the formatter.
346     * <p>
347     * For example, consider a formatter that parses the year, followed by
348     * an optional month, with a further optional day-of-month. Using such a
349     * formatter would require the calling code to check whether a full date,
350     * year-month or just a year had been parsed. This method can be used to
351     * default the month and day-of-month to a sensible value, such as the
352     * first of the month, allowing the calling code to always get a date.
353     * <p>
354     * During formatting, this method has no effect.
355     * <p>
356     * During parsing, the current state of the parse is inspected.
357     * If the specified field has no associated value, because it has not been
358     * parsed successfully at that point, then the specified value is injected
359     * into the parse result. Injection is immediate, thus the field-value pair
360     * will be visible to any subsequent elements in the formatter.
361     * As such, this method is normally called at the end of the builder.
362     *
363     * @param field  the field to default the value of, not null
364     * @param value  the value to default the field to
365     * @return this, for chaining, not null
366     */
367    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseDefaulting(TemporalField field, long value) {
368        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
369        appendInternal(new DefaultValueParser(field, value));
370        return this;
371    }
372
373    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
374    /**
375     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a normal
376     * output style.
377     * <p>
378     * The value of the field will be output during a format.
379     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
380     * <p>
381     * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
382     * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
383     * <p>
384     * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
385     * requiring one digit, but accepting as many digits as possible.
386     * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
387     * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
388     *
389     * @param field  the field to append, not null
390     * @return this, for chaining, not null
391     */
392    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field) {
393        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
394        appendValue(new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL));
395        return this;
396    }
397
398    /**
399     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a fixed
400     * width, zero-padded approach.
401     * <p>
402     * The value of the field will be output during a format.
403     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
404     * <p>
405     * The value will be zero-padded on the left. If the size of the value
406     * means that it cannot be printed within the width then an exception is thrown.
407     * If the value of the field is negative then an exception is thrown during formatting.
408     * <p>
409     * This method supports a special technique of parsing known as 'adjacent value parsing'.
410     * This technique solves the problem where a value, variable or fixed width, is followed by one or more
411     * fixed length values. The standard parser is greedy, and thus it would normally
412     * steal the digits that are needed by the fixed width value parsers that follow the
413     * variable width one.
414     * <p>
415     * No action is required to initiate 'adjacent value parsing'.
416     * When a call to {@code appendValue} is made, the builder
417     * enters adjacent value parsing setup mode. If the immediately subsequent method
418     * call or calls on the same builder are for a fixed width value, then the parser will reserve
419     * space so that the fixed width values can be parsed.
420     * <p>
421     * For example, consider {@code builder.appendValue(YEAR).appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);}
422     * The year is a variable width parse of between 1 and 19 digits.
423     * The month is a fixed width parse of 2 digits.
424     * Because these were appended to the same builder immediately after one another,
425     * the year parser will reserve two digits for the month to parse.
426     * Thus, the text '201106' will correctly parse to a year of 2011 and a month of 6.
427     * Without adjacent value parsing, the year would greedily parse all six digits and leave
428     * nothing for the month.
429     * <p>
430     * Adjacent value parsing applies to each set of fixed width not-negative values in the parser
431     * that immediately follow any kind of value, variable or fixed width.
432     * Calling any other append method will end the setup of adjacent value parsing.
433     * Thus, in the unlikely event that you need to avoid adjacent value parsing behavior,
434     * simply add the {@code appendValue} to another {@code DateTimeFormatterBuilder}
435     * and add that to this builder.
436     * <p>
437     * If adjacent parsing is active, then parsing must match exactly the specified
438     * number of digits in both strict and lenient modes.
439     * In addition, no positive or negative sign is permitted.
440     *
441     * @param field  the field to append, not null
442     * @param width  the width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
443     * @return this, for chaining, not null
444     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is invalid
445     */
446    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field, int width) {
447        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
448        if (width < 1 || width > 19) {
449            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + width);
450        }
451        NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, width, width, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
452        appendValue(pp);
453        return this;
454    }
455
456    /**
457     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter providing full
458     * control over formatting.
459     * <p>
460     * The value of the field will be output during a format.
461     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
462     * <p>
463     * This method provides full control of the numeric formatting, including
464     * zero-padding and the positive/negative sign.
465     * <p>
466     * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
467     * accepting as many digits as possible.
468     * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
469     * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
470     * <p>
471     * In strict parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is {@code minWidth}
472     * and the maximum is {@code maxWidth}.
473     * In lenient parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is one
474     * and the maximum is 19 (except as limited by adjacent value parsing).
475     * <p>
476     * If this method is invoked with equal minimum and maximum widths and a sign style of
477     * {@code NOT_NEGATIVE} then it delegates to {@code appendValue(TemporalField,int)}.
478     * In this scenario, the formatting and parsing behavior described there occur.
479     *
480     * @param field  the field to append, not null
481     * @param minWidth  the minimum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
482     * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
483     * @param signStyle  the positive/negative output style, not null
484     * @return this, for chaining, not null
485     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the widths are invalid
486     */
487    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(
488            TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
489        if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
490            return appendValue(field, maxWidth);
491        }
492        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
493        Objects.requireNonNull(signStyle, "signStyle");
494        if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 19) {
495            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minimum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
496        }
497        if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 19) {
498            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
499        }
500        if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
501            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
502                    maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
503        }
504        NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle);
505        appendValue(pp);
506        return this;
507    }
508
509    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
510    /**
511     * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
512     * <p>
513     * Since fields such as year vary by chronology, it is recommended to use the
514     * {@link #appendValueReduced(TemporalField, int, int, ChronoLocalDate)} date}
515     * variant of this method in most cases. This variant is suitable for
516     * simple fields or working with only the ISO chronology.
517     * <p>
518     * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
519     * determine the number of characters to format.
520     * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
521     * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
522     * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
523     * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
524     * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
525     * <p>
526     * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
527     * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
528     * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
529     * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
530     * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
531     * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
532     * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
533     * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
534     * <p>
535     * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
536     * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
537     * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
538     * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
539     * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
540     *
541     * @param field  the field to append, not null
542     * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
543     * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
544     * @param baseValue  the base value of the range of valid values
545     * @return this, for chaining, not null
546     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
547     */
548    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(TemporalField field,
549            int width, int maxWidth, int baseValue) {
550        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
551        ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, baseValue, null);
552        appendValue(pp);
553        return this;
554    }
555
556    /**
557     * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
558     * <p>
559     * This is typically used for formatting and parsing a two digit year.
560     * <p>
561     * The base date is used to calculate the full value during parsing.
562     * For example, if the base date is 1950-01-01 then parsed values for
563     * a two digit year parse will be in the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
564     * Only the year would be extracted from the date, thus a base date of
565     * 1950-08-25 would also parse to the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
566     * This behavior is necessary to support fields such as week-based-year
567     * or other calendar systems where the parsed value does not align with
568     * standard ISO years.
569     * <p>
570     * The exact behavior is as follows. Parse the full set of fields and
571     * determine the effective chronology using the last chronology if
572     * it appears more than once. Then convert the base date to the
573     * effective chronology. Then extract the specified field from the
574     * chronology-specific base date and use it to determine the
575     * {@code baseValue} used below.
576     * <p>
577     * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
578     * determine the number of characters to format.
579     * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
580     * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
581     * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
582     * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
583     * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
584     * <p>
585     * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
586     * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
587     * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
588     * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
589     * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
590     * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
591     * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
592     * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
593     * <p>
594     * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
595     * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
596     * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
597     * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
598     * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
599     *
600     * @param field  the field to append, not null
601     * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
602     * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
603     * @param baseDate  the base date used to calculate the base value for the range
604     *  of valid values in the parsed chronology, not null
605     * @return this, for chaining, not null
606     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
607     */
608    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(
609            TemporalField field, int width, int maxWidth, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
610        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
611        Objects.requireNonNull(baseDate, "baseDate");
612        ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, 0, baseDate);
613        appendValue(pp);
614        return this;
615    }
616
617    /**
618     * Appends a fixed or variable width printer-parser handling adjacent value mode.
619     * If a PrinterParser is not active then the new PrinterParser becomes
620     * the active PrinterParser.
621     * Otherwise, the active PrinterParser is modified depending on the new PrinterParser.
622     * If the new PrinterParser is fixed width and has sign style {@code NOT_NEGATIVE}
623     * then its width is added to the active PP and
624     * the new PrinterParser is forced to be fixed width.
625     * If the new PrinterParser is variable width, the active PrinterParser is changed
626     * to be fixed width and the new PrinterParser becomes the active PP.
627     *
628     * @param pp  the printer-parser, not null
629     * @return this, for chaining, not null
630     */
631    private DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(NumberPrinterParser pp) {
632        if (active.valueParserIndex >= 0) {
633            final int activeValueParser = active.valueParserIndex;
634
635            // adjacent parsing mode, update setting in previous parsers
636            NumberPrinterParser basePP = (NumberPrinterParser) active.printerParsers.get(activeValueParser);
637            if (pp.minWidth == pp.maxWidth && pp.signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
638                // Append the width to the subsequentWidth of the active parser
639                basePP = basePP.withSubsequentWidth(pp.maxWidth);
640                // Append the new parser as a fixed width
641                appendInternal(pp.withFixedWidth());
642                // Retain the previous active parser
643                active.valueParserIndex = activeValueParser;
644            } else {
645                // Modify the active parser to be fixed width
646                basePP = basePP.withFixedWidth();
647                // The new parser becomes the mew active parser
648                active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
649            }
650            // Replace the modified parser with the updated one
651            active.printerParsers.set(activeValueParser, basePP);
652        } else {
653            // The new Parser becomes the active parser
654            active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
655        }
656        return this;
657    }
658
659    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
660    /**
661     * Appends the fractional value of a date-time field to the formatter.
662     * <p>
663     * The fractional value of the field will be output including the
664     * preceding decimal point. The preceding value is not output.
665     * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be output as {@code .25}.
666     * <p>
667     * The width of the printed fraction can be controlled. Setting the
668     * minimum width to zero will cause no output to be generated.
669     * The printed fraction will have the minimum width necessary between
670     * the minimum and maximum widths - trailing zeroes are omitted.
671     * No rounding occurs due to the maximum width - digits are simply dropped.
672     * <p>
673     * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must be between
674     * the minimum and maximum width. In strict mode, if the minimum and maximum widths
675     * are equal and there is no decimal point then the parser will
676     * participate in adjacent value parsing, see
677     * {@link appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)}. When parsing in lenient mode,
678     * the minimum width is considered to be zero and the maximum is nine.
679     * <p>
680     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
681     * If the value is negative an exception will be thrown.
682     * If the field does not have a fixed set of valid values then an
683     * exception will be thrown.
684     * If the field value in the date-time to be printed is invalid it
685     * cannot be printed and an exception will be thrown.
686     *
687     * @param field  the field to append, not null
688     * @param minWidth  the minimum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 0 to 9
689     * @param maxWidth  the maximum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 1 to 9
690     * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
691     * @return this, for chaining, not null
692     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field has a variable set of valid values or
693     *  either width is invalid
694     */
695    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendFraction(
696            TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
697        if (minWidth == maxWidth && decimalPoint == false) {
698            // adjacent parsing
699            appendValue(new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint));
700        } else {
701            appendInternal(new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint));
702        }
703        return this;
704    }
705
706    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
707    /**
708     * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the full
709     * text style.
710     * <p>
711     * The text of the field will be output during a format.
712     * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
713     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
714     * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
715     * <p>
716     * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
717     * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
718     *
719     * @param field  the field to append, not null
720     * @return this, for chaining, not null
721     */
722    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field) {
723        return appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
724    }
725
726    /**
727     * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter.
728     * <p>
729     * The text of the field will be output during a format.
730     * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
731     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
732     * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
733     * <p>
734     * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
735     * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
736     *
737     * @param field  the field to append, not null
738     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
739     * @return this, for chaining, not null
740     */
741    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle) {
742        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
743        Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
744        appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider.getInstance()));
745        return this;
746    }
747
748    /**
749     * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the specified
750     * map to supply the text.
751     * <p>
752     * The standard text outputting methods use the localized text in the JDK.
753     * This method allows that text to be specified directly.
754     * The supplied map is not validated by the builder to ensure that formatting or
755     * parsing is possible, thus an invalid map may throw an error during later use.
756     * <p>
757     * Supplying the map of text provides considerable flexibility in formatting and parsing.
758     * For example, a legacy application might require or supply the months of the
759     * year as "JNY", "FBY", "MCH" etc. These do not match the standard set of text
760     * for localized month names. Using this method, a map can be created which
761     * defines the connection between each value and the text:
762     * <pre>
763     * Map&lt;Long, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
764     * map.put(1L, "JNY");
765     * map.put(2L, "FBY");
766     * map.put(3L, "MCH");
767     * ...
768     * builder.appendText(MONTH_OF_YEAR, map);
769     * </pre>
770     * <p>
771     * Other uses might be to output the value with a suffix, such as "1st", "2nd", "3rd",
772     * or as Roman numerals "I", "II", "III", "IV".
773     * <p>
774     * During formatting, the value is obtained and checked that it is in the valid range.
775     * If text is not available for the value then it is output as a number.
776     * During parsing, the parser will match against the map of text and numeric values.
777     *
778     * @param field  the field to append, not null
779     * @param textLookup  the map from the value to the text
780     * @return this, for chaining, not null
781     */
782    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, Map<Long, String> textLookup) {
783        Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
784        Objects.requireNonNull(textLookup, "textLookup");
785        Map<Long, String> copy = new LinkedHashMap<>(textLookup);
786        Map<TextStyle, Map<Long, String>> map = Collections.singletonMap(TextStyle.FULL, copy);
787        final LocaleStore store = new LocaleStore(map);
788        DateTimeTextProvider provider = new DateTimeTextProvider() {
789            @Override
790            public String getText(TemporalField field, long value, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
791                return store.getText(value, style);
792            }
793            @Override
794            public Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> getTextIterator(TemporalField field, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
795                return store.getTextIterator(style);
796            }
797        };
798        appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, TextStyle.FULL, provider));
799        return this;
800    }
801
802    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
803    /**
804     * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter, formatting fractional
805     * digits in groups of three.
806     * <p>
807     * Instants have a fixed output format.
808     * They are converted to a date-time with a zone-offset of UTC and formatted
809     * using the standard ISO-8601 format.
810     * With this method, formatting nano-of-second outputs zero, three, six
811     * or nine digits as necessary.
812     * The localized decimal style is not used.
813     * <p>
814     * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
815     * and optionally {@code NANO_OF_SECOND}. The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
816     * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
817     * <p>
818     * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
819     * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
820     * The leap-second time of '23:59:59' is handled to some degree, see
821     * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
822     * <p>
823     * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
824     * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
825     *
826     * @return this, for chaining, not null
827     */
828    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant() {
829        appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(-2));
830        return this;
831    }
832
833    /**
834     * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter with control over
835     * the number of fractional digits.
836     * <p>
837     * Instants have a fixed output format, although this method provides some
838     * control over the fractional digits. They are converted to a date-time
839     * with a zone-offset of UTC and printed using the standard ISO-8601 format.
840     * The localized decimal style is not used.
841     * <p>
842     * The {@code fractionalDigits} parameter allows the output of the fractional
843     * second to be controlled. Specifying zero will cause no fractional digits
844     * to be output. From 1 to 9 will output an increasing number of digits, using
845     * zero right-padding if necessary. The special value -1 is used to output as
846     * many digits as necessary to avoid any trailing zeroes.
847     * <p>
848     * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must match the
849     * fractional digits. When parsing in lenient mode, any number of fractional
850     * digits from zero to nine are accepted.
851     * <p>
852     * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
853     * and optionally {@code NANO_OF_SECOND}. The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
854     * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
855     * <p>
856     * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
857     * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
858     * The leap-second time of '23:59:60' is handled to some degree, see
859     * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
860     * <p>
861     * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
862     * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
863     *
864     * @param fractionalDigits  the number of fractional second digits to format with,
865     *  from 0 to 9, or -1 to use as many digits as necessary
866     * @return this, for chaining, not null
867     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the number of fractional digits is invalid
868     */
869    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant(int fractionalDigits) {
870        if (fractionalDigits < -1 || fractionalDigits > 9) {
871            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The fractional digits must be from -1 to 9 inclusive but was " + fractionalDigits);
872        }
873        appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(fractionalDigits));
874        return this;
875    }
876
877    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
878    /**
879     * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
880     * <p>
881     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
882     * This is equivalent to calling {@code appendOffset("+HH:mm:ss", "Z")}.
883     * See {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} for details on formatting
884     * and parsing.
885     *
886     * @return this, for chaining, not null
887     */
888    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffsetId() {
889        appendInternal(OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
890        return this;
891    }
892
893    /**
894     * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
895     * <p>
896     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
897     * <p>
898     * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
899     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
900     * It will be printed using the format defined below.
901     * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
902     * section of the formatter is optional.
903     * <p>
904     * When parsing in strict mode, the input must contain the mandatory
905     * and optional elements are defined by the specified pattern.
906     * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless
907     * the section of the formatter is optional.
908     * <p>
909     * When parsing in lenient mode, only the hours are mandatory - minutes
910     * and seconds are optional. The colons are required if the specified
911     * pattern contains a colon. If the specified pattern is "+HH", the
912     * presence of colons is determined by whether the character after the
913     * hour digits is a colon or not.
914     * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless
915     * the section of the formatter is optional.
916     * <p>
917     * The format of the offset is controlled by a pattern which must be one
918     * of the following:
919     * <ul>
920     * <li>{@code +HH} - hour only, ignoring minute and second
921     * <li>{@code +HHmm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, no colon
922     * <li>{@code +HH:mm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, with colon
923     * <li>{@code +HHMM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, no colon
924     * <li>{@code +HH:MM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, with colon
925     * <li>{@code +HHMMss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, no colon
926     * <li>{@code +HH:MM:ss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, with colon
927     * <li>{@code +HHMMSS} - hour, minute and second, no colon
928     * <li>{@code +HH:MM:SS} - hour, minute and second, with colon
929     * <li>{@code +HHmmss} - hour, with minute if non-zero or with minute and
930     * second if non-zero, no colon
931     * <li>{@code +HH:mm:ss} - hour, with minute if non-zero or with minute and
932     * second if non-zero, with colon
933     * <li>{@code +H} - hour only, ignoring minute and second
934     * <li>{@code +Hmm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, no colon
935     * <li>{@code +H:mm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, with colon
936     * <li>{@code +HMM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, no colon
937     * <li>{@code +H:MM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, with colon
938     * <li>{@code +HMMss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, no colon
939     * <li>{@code +H:MM:ss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, with colon
940     * <li>{@code +HMMSS} - hour, minute and second, no colon
941     * <li>{@code +H:MM:SS} - hour, minute and second, with colon
942     * <li>{@code +Hmmss} - hour, with minute if non-zero or with minute and
943     * second if non-zero, no colon
944     * <li>{@code +H:mm:ss} - hour, with minute if non-zero or with minute and
945     * second if non-zero, with colon
946     * </ul>
947     * Patterns containing "HH" will format and parse a two digit hour,
948     * zero-padded if necessary. Patterns containing "H" will format with no
949     * zero-padding, and parse either one or two digits.
950     * In lenient mode, the parser will be greedy and parse the maximum digits possible.
951     * The "no offset" text controls what text is printed when the total amount of
952     * the offset fields to be output is zero.
953     * Example values would be 'Z', '+00:00', 'UTC' or 'GMT'.
954     * Three formats are accepted for parsing UTC - the "no offset" text, and the
955     * plus and minus versions of zero defined by the pattern.
956     *
957     * @param pattern  the pattern to use, not null
958     * @param noOffsetText  the text to use when the offset is zero, not null
959     * @return this, for chaining, not null
960     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
961     */
962    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffset(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
963        appendInternal(new OffsetIdPrinterParser(pattern, noOffsetText));
964        return this;
965    }
966
967    /**
968     * Appends the localized zone offset, such as 'GMT+01:00', to the formatter.
969     * <p>
970     * This appends a localized zone offset to the builder, the format of the
971     * localized offset is controlled by the specified {@link FormatStyle style}
972     * to this method:
973     * <ul>
974     * <li>{@link TextStyle#FULL full} - formats with localized offset text, such
975     * as 'GMT, 2-digit hour and minute field, optional second field if non-zero,
976     * and colon.
977     * <li>{@link TextStyle#SHORT short} - formats with localized offset text,
978     * such as 'GMT, hour without leading zero, optional 2-digit minute and
979     * second if non-zero, and colon.
980     * </ul>
981     * <p>
982     * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
983     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
984     * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
985     * section of the formatter is optional.
986     * <p>
987     * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined above.
988     * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
989     * section of the formatter is optional.
990     *
991     * @param style  the format style to use, not null
992     * @return this, for chaining, not null
993     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if style is neither {@link TextStyle#FULL
994     * full} nor {@link TextStyle#SHORT short}
995     */
996    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle style) {
997        Objects.requireNonNull(style, "style");
998        if (style != TextStyle.FULL && style != TextStyle.SHORT) {
999            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Style must be either full or short");
1000        }
1001        appendInternal(new LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(style));
1002        return this;
1003    }
1004
1005    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1006    /**
1007     * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to the formatter.
1008     * <p>
1009     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder.
1010     * The zone ID is obtained in a strict manner suitable for {@code ZonedDateTime}.
1011     * By contrast, {@code OffsetDateTime} does not have a zone ID suitable
1012     * for use with this method, see {@link #appendZoneOrOffsetId()}.
1013     * <p>
1014     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1015     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1016     * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1017     * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1018     * section of the formatter is optional.
1019     * <p>
1020     * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1021     * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1022     * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1023     * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1024     * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1025     * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1026     * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1027     * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1028     * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1029     * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1030     * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1031     * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1032     * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1033     * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1034     * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1035     * <p>
1036     * For example, the following will parse:
1037     * <pre>
1038     *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1039     *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1040     *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1041     *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1042     *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1043     *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1044     *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1045     *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1046     *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1047     * </pre>
1048     *
1049     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1050     * @see #appendZoneRegionId()
1051     */
1052    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneId() {
1053        appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zoneId(), "ZoneId()"));
1054        return this;
1055    }
1056
1057    /**
1058     * Appends the time-zone region ID, such as 'Europe/Paris', to the formatter,
1059     * rejecting the zone ID if it is a {@code ZoneOffset}.
1060     * <p>
1061     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder
1062     * only if it is a region-based ID.
1063     * <p>
1064     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1065     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1066     * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} or it cannot be obtained then
1067     * an exception is thrown unless the section of the formatter is optional.
1068     * If the zone is not an offset, then the zone will be printed using
1069     * the zone ID from {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1070     * <p>
1071     * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1072     * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1073     * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1074     * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1075     * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1076     * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1077     * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1078     * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1079     * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1080     * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1081     * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1082     * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1083     * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1084     * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1085     * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1086     * <p>
1087     * For example, the following will parse:
1088     * <pre>
1089     *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1090     *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1091     *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1092     *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1093     *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1094     *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1095     *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1096     *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1097     *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1098     * </pre>
1099     * <p>
1100     * Note that this method is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1101     * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1102     * Note also that parsing accepts offsets, whereas formatting will never
1103     * produce one.
1104     *
1105     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1106     * @see #appendZoneId()
1107     */
1108    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneRegionId() {
1109        appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(QUERY_REGION_ONLY, "ZoneRegionId()"));
1110        return this;
1111    }
1112
1113    /**
1114     * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to
1115     * the formatter, using the best available zone ID.
1116     * <p>
1117     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the best available
1118     * zone or offset ID to the builder.
1119     * The zone ID is obtained in a lenient manner that first attempts to
1120     * find a true zone ID, such as that on {@code ZonedDateTime}, and
1121     * then attempts to find an offset, such as that on {@code OffsetDateTime}.
1122     * <p>
1123     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1124     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zone()}.
1125     * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1126     * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1127     * section of the formatter is optional.
1128     * <p>
1129     * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1130     * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1131     * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1132     * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1133     * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1134     * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1135     * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1136     * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1137     * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1138     * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1139     * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1140     * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1141     * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1142     * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1143     * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1144     * <p>
1145     * For example, the following will parse:
1146     * <pre>
1147     *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1148     *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1149     *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1150     *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1151     *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1152     *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1153     *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("UT+01:30")
1154     *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("UTC+01:30")
1155     *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("GMT+01:30")
1156     * </pre>
1157     * <p>
1158     * Note that this method is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1159     * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1160     *
1161     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1162     * @see #appendZoneId()
1163     */
1164    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneOrOffsetId() {
1165        appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneOrOffsetId()"));
1166        return this;
1167    }
1168
1169    /**
1170     * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1171     * <p>
1172     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1173     * the builder.
1174     * <p>
1175     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1176     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1177     * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1178     * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1179     * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1180     * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1181     * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, or if it is a
1182     * local date-time that is not in a daylight saving gap or overlap then
1183     * the text will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1184     * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable result, then the
1185     * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed.
1186     * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1187     * section of the formatter is optional.
1188     * <p>
1189     * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1190     * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1191     * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1192     * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1193     * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1194     * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1195     * zone. The {@link #appendZoneText(TextStyle, Set)} may be used
1196     * to specify a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} in this situation.
1197     *
1198     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1199     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1200     */
1201    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1202        appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, null, false));
1203        return this;
1204    }
1205
1206    /**
1207     * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1208     * <p>
1209     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1210     * the builder.
1211     * <p>
1212     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1213     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1214     * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1215     * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1216     * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1217     * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1218     * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, or if it is a
1219     * local date-time that is not in a daylight saving gap or overlap, then the text
1220     * will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1221     * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable result, then the
1222     * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed.
1223     * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1224     * section of the formatter is optional.
1225     * <p>
1226     * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1227     * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1228     * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1229     * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1230     * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1231     * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1232     * zone. This method also allows a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} to be
1233     * specified for parsing. The matched preferred zone id will be used if the
1234     * textural zone name being parsed is not unique.
1235     * <p>
1236     * If the zone cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1237     * section of the formatter is optional.
1238     *
1239     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1240     * @param preferredZones  the set of preferred zone ids, not null
1241     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1242     */
1243    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle,
1244                                                   Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
1245        Objects.requireNonNull(preferredZones, "preferredZones");
1246        appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, preferredZones, false));
1247        return this;
1248    }
1249    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1250    /**
1251     * Appends the generic time-zone name, such as 'Pacific Time', to the formatter.
1252     * <p>
1253     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the generic textual
1254     * name of the zone to the builder. The generic name is the same throughout the whole
1255     * year, ignoring any daylight saving changes. For example, 'Pacific Time' is the
1256     * generic name, whereas 'Pacific Standard Time' and 'Pacific Daylight Time' are the
1257     * specific names, see {@link #appendZoneText(TextStyle)}.
1258     * <p>
1259     * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1260     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1261     * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1262     * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1263     * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1264     * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1265     * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable result, then the
1266     * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed.
1267     * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1268     * section of the formatter is optional.
1269     * <p>
1270     * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1271     * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1272     * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1273     * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1274     * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1275     * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern zone.
1276     * The {@link #appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle, Set)} may be used
1277     * to specify a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} in this situation.
1278     *
1279     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1280     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1281     * @since 9
1282     */
1283    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1284        appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, null, true));
1285        return this;
1286    }
1287
1288    /**
1289     * Appends the generic time-zone name, such as 'Pacific Time', to the formatter.
1290     * <p>
1291     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the generic textual
1292     * name of the zone to the builder. The generic name is the same throughout the whole
1293     * year, ignoring any daylight saving changes. For example, 'Pacific Time' is the
1294     * generic name, whereas 'Pacific Standard Time' and 'Pacific Daylight Time' are the
1295     * specific names, see {@link #appendZoneText(TextStyle)}.
1296     * <p>
1297     * This method also allows a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} to be
1298     * specified for parsing. The matched preferred zone id will be used if the
1299     * textural zone name being parsed is not unique.
1300     * <p>
1301     * See {@link #appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle)} for details about
1302     * formatting and parsing.
1303     *
1304     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1305     * @param preferredZones  the set of preferred zone ids, not null
1306     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1307     * @since 9
1308     */
1309    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle textStyle,
1310                                                          Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
1311        appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, preferredZones, true));
1312        return this;
1313    }
1314
1315    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1316    /**
1317     * Appends the chronology ID, such as 'ISO' or 'ThaiBuddhist', to the formatter.
1318     * <p>
1319     * This appends an instruction to format/parse the chronology ID to the builder.
1320     * <p>
1321     * During formatting, the chronology is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1322     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#chronology()}.
1323     * It will be printed using the result of {@link Chronology#getId()}.
1324     * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1325     * section of the formatter is optional.
1326     * <p>
1327     * During parsing, the chronology is parsed and must match one of the chronologies
1328     * in {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies()}.
1329     * If the chronology cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1330     * section of the formatter is optional.
1331     * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1332     *
1333     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1334     */
1335    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyId() {
1336        appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(null));
1337        return this;
1338    }
1339
1340    /**
1341     * Appends the chronology name to the formatter.
1342     * <p>
1343     * The calendar system name will be output during a format.
1344     * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
1345     *
1346     * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1347     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1348     */
1349    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1350        Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
1351        appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(textStyle));
1352        return this;
1353    }
1354
1355    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1356    /**
1357     * Appends a localized date-time pattern to the formatter.
1358     * <p>
1359     * This appends a localized section to the builder, suitable for outputting
1360     * a date, time or date-time combination. The format of the localized
1361     * section is lazily looked up based on four items:
1362     * <ul>
1363     * <li>the {@code dateStyle} specified to this method
1364     * <li>the {@code timeStyle} specified to this method
1365     * <li>the {@code Locale} of the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
1366     * <li>the {@code Chronology}, selecting the best available
1367     * </ul>
1368     * During formatting, the chronology is obtained from the temporal object
1369     * being formatted, which may have been overridden by
1370     * {@link DateTimeFormatter#withChronology(Chronology)}.
1371     * The {@code FULL} and {@code LONG} styles typically require a time-zone.
1372     * When formatting using these styles, a {@code ZoneId} must be available,
1373     * either by using {@code ZonedDateTime} or {@link DateTimeFormatter#withZone}.
1374     * <p>
1375     * During parsing, if a chronology has already been parsed, then it is used.
1376     * Otherwise the default from {@code DateTimeFormatter.withChronology(Chronology)}
1377     * is used, with {@code IsoChronology} as the fallback.
1378     * <p>
1379     * Note that this method provides similar functionality to methods on
1380     * {@code DateFormat} such as {@link java.text.DateFormat#getDateTimeInstance(int, int)}.
1381     *
1382     * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, null means no date required
1383     * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, null means no time required
1384     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1385     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both the date and time styles are null
1386     */
1387    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalized(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
1388        if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
1389            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either the date or time style must be non-null");
1390        }
1391        appendInternal(new LocalizedPrinterParser(dateStyle, timeStyle));
1392        return this;
1393    }
1394
1395    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1396    /**
1397     * Appends a character literal to the formatter.
1398     * <p>
1399     * This character will be output during a format.
1400     *
1401     * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1402     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1403     */
1404    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(char literal) {
1405        appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1406        return this;
1407    }
1408
1409    /**
1410     * Appends a string literal to the formatter.
1411     * <p>
1412     * This string will be output during a format.
1413     * <p>
1414     * If the literal is empty, nothing is added to the formatter.
1415     *
1416     * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1417     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1418     */
1419    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(String literal) {
1420        Objects.requireNonNull(literal, "literal");
1421        if (literal.length() > 0) {
1422            if (literal.length() == 1) {
1423                appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal.charAt(0)));
1424            } else {
1425                appendInternal(new StringLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1426            }
1427        }
1428        return this;
1429    }
1430
1431    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1432    /**
1433     * Appends all the elements of a formatter to the builder.
1434     * <p>
1435     * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1436     * parts of the formatter directly to this builder.
1437     *
1438     * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1439     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1440     */
1441    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder append(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1442        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1443        appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(false));
1444        return this;
1445    }
1446
1447    /**
1448     * Appends a formatter to the builder which will optionally format/parse.
1449     * <p>
1450     * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1451     * parts directly to this builder surrounded by an {@link #optionalStart()} and
1452     * {@link #optionalEnd()}.
1453     * <p>
1454     * The formatter will format if data is available for all the fields contained within it.
1455     * The formatter will parse if the string matches, otherwise no error is returned.
1456     *
1457     * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1458     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1459     */
1460    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1461        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1462        appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(true));
1463        return this;
1464    }
1465
1466    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1467    /**
1468     * Appends the elements defined by the specified pattern to the builder.
1469     * <p>
1470     * All letters 'A' to 'Z' and 'a' to 'z' are reserved as pattern letters.
1471     * The characters '#', '{' and '}' are reserved for future use.
1472     * The characters '[' and ']' indicate optional patterns.
1473     * The following pattern letters are defined:
1474     * <pre>
1475     *  Symbol  Meaning                     Presentation      Examples
1476     *  ------  -------                     ------------      -------
1477     *   G       era                         text              AD; Anno Domini; A
1478     *   u       year                        year              2004; 04
1479     *   y       year-of-era                 year              2004; 04
1480     *   D       day-of-year                 number            189
1481     *   M/L     month-of-year               number/text       7; 07; Jul; July; J
1482     *   d       day-of-month                number            10
1483     *   g       modified-julian-day         number            2451334
1484     *
1485     *   Q/q     quarter-of-year             number/text       3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
1486     *   Y       week-based-year             year              1996; 96
1487     *   w       week-of-week-based-year     number            27
1488     *   W       week-of-month               number            4
1489     *   E       day-of-week                 text              Tue; Tuesday; T
1490     *   e/c     localized day-of-week       number/text       2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
1491     *   F       day-of-week-in-month        number            3
1492     *
1493     *   a       am-pm-of-day                text              PM
1494     *   h       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12)  number            12
1495     *   K       hour-of-am-pm (0-11)        number            0
1496     *   k       clock-hour-of-day (1-24)    number            24
1497     *
1498     *   H       hour-of-day (0-23)          number            0
1499     *   m       minute-of-hour              number            30
1500     *   s       second-of-minute            number            55
1501     *   S       fraction-of-second          fraction          978
1502     *   A       milli-of-day                number            1234
1503     *   n       nano-of-second              number            987654321
1504     *   N       nano-of-day                 number            1234000000
1505     *
1506     *   V       time-zone ID                zone-id           America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
1507     *   v       generic time-zone name      zone-name         PT, Pacific Time
1508     *   z       time-zone name              zone-name         Pacific Standard Time; PST
1509     *   O       localized zone-offset       offset-O          GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
1510     *   X       zone-offset 'Z' for zero    offset-X          Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15
1511     *   x       zone-offset                 offset-x          +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15
1512     *   Z       zone-offset                 offset-Z          +0000; -0800; -08:00
1513     *
1514     *   p       pad next                    pad modifier      1
1515     *
1516     *   '       escape for text             delimiter
1517     *   ''      single quote                literal           '
1518     *   [       optional section start
1519     *   ]       optional section end
1520     *   #       reserved for future use
1521     *   {       reserved for future use
1522     *   }       reserved for future use
1523     * </pre>
1524     * <p>
1525     * The count of pattern letters determine the format.
1526     * See <a href="DateTimeFormatter.html#patterns">DateTimeFormatter</a> for a user-focused description of the patterns.
1527     * The following tables define how the pattern letters map to the builder.
1528     * <p>
1529     * <b>Date fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a date.
1530     * <pre>
1531     *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1532     *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1533     *    G       1      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1534     *    GG      2      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1535     *    GGG     3      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1536     *    GGGG    4      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.FULL)
1537     *    GGGGG   5      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.NARROW)
1538     *
1539     *    u       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1540     *    uu      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR, 2, 2000)
1541     *    uuu     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1542     *    u..u    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD)
1543     *    y       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1544     *    yy      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 2, 2000)
1545     *    yyy     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1546     *    y..y    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD)
1547     *    Y       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year
1548     *    YY      2      append special localized WeekFields element for reduced numeric week-based-year 2 digits
1549     *    YYY     3      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1550     *    Y..Y    4..n   append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD)
1551     *
1552     *    Q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR)
1553     *    QQ      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2)
1554     *    QQQ     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1555     *    QQQQ    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1556     *    QQQQQ   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1557     *    q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR)
1558     *    qq      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2)
1559     *    qqq     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1560     *    qqqq    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1561     *    qqqqq   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1562     *
1563     *    M       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR)
1564     *    MM      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2)
1565     *    MMM     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1566     *    MMMM    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1567     *    MMMMM   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1568     *    L       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR)
1569     *    LL      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2)
1570     *    LLL     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1571     *    LLLL    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1572     *    LLLLL   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1573     *
1574     *    w       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year
1575     *    ww      2      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year, zero-padded
1576     *    W       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-month
1577     *    d       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH)
1578     *    dd      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 2)
1579     *    D       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR)
1580     *    DD      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 2, 3, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE)
1581     *    DDD     3      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 3)
1582     *    F       1      appendValue(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH)
1583     *    g..g    1..n   appendValue(JulianFields.MODIFIED_JULIAN_DAY, n, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL)
1584     *    E       1      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1585     *    EE      2      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1586     *    EEE     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1587     *    EEEE    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1588     *    EEEEE   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1589     *    e       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1590     *    ee      2      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week, zero-padded
1591     *    eee     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1592     *    eeee    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1593     *    eeeee   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1594     *    c       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1595     *    ccc     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1596     *    cccc    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1597     *    ccccc   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1598     * </pre>
1599     * <p>
1600     * <b>Time fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a time.
1601     * <pre>
1602     *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1603     *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1604     *    a       1      appendText(ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY, TextStyle.SHORT)
1605     *    h       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1606     *    hh      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1607     *    H       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY)
1608     *    HH      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1609     *    k       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY)
1610     *    kk      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1611     *    K       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1612     *    KK      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1613     *    m       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR)
1614     *    mm      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2)
1615     *    s       1      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE)
1616     *    ss      2      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
1617     *
1618     *    S..S    1..n   appendFraction(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n, n, false)
1619     *    A..A    1..n   appendValue(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY, n, 19, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE)
1620     *    n..n    1..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n, 19, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE)
1621     *    N..N    1..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY, n, 19, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE)
1622     * </pre>
1623     * <p>
1624     * <b>Zone ID</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneId}.
1625     * <pre>
1626     *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1627     *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1628     *    VV      2      appendZoneId()
1629     *    v       1      appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1630     *    vvvv    4      appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle.FULL)
1631     *    z       1      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1632     *    zz      2      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1633     *    zzz     3      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1634     *    zzzz    4      appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL)
1635     * </pre>
1636     * <p>
1637     * <b>Zone offset</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneOffset}.
1638     * <pre>
1639     *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1640     *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1641     *    O       1      appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.SHORT)
1642     *    OOOO    4      appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL)
1643     *    X       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","Z")
1644     *    XX      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","Z")
1645     *    XXX     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","Z")
1646     *    XXXX    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","Z")
1647     *    XXXXX   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1648     *    x       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","+00")
1649     *    xx      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1650     *    xxx     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","+00:00")
1651     *    xxxx    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","+0000")
1652     *    xxxxx   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","+00:00")
1653     *    Z       1      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1654     *    ZZ      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1655     *    ZZZ     3      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1656     *    ZZZZ    4      appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL)
1657     *    ZZZZZ   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1658     * </pre>
1659     * <p>
1660     * <b>Modifiers</b>: Pattern letters that modify the rest of the pattern:
1661     * <pre>
1662     *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1663     *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1664     *    [       1      optionalStart()
1665     *    ]       1      optionalEnd()
1666     *    p..p    1..n   padNext(n)
1667     * </pre>
1668     * <p>
1669     * Any sequence of letters not specified above, unrecognized letter or
1670     * reserved character will throw an exception.
1671     * Future versions may add to the set of patterns.
1672     * It is recommended to use single quotes around all characters that you want
1673     * to output directly to ensure that future changes do not break your application.
1674     * <p>
1675     * Note that the pattern string is similar, but not identical, to
1676     * {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}.
1677     * The pattern string is also similar, but not identical, to that defined by the
1678     * Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR/LDML).
1679     * Pattern letters 'X' and 'u' are aligned with Unicode CLDR/LDML.
1680     * By contrast, {@code SimpleDateFormat} uses 'u' for the numeric day of week.
1681     * Pattern letters 'y' and 'Y' parse years of two digits and more than 4 digits differently.
1682     * Pattern letters 'n', 'A', 'N', and 'p' are added.
1683     * Number types will reject large numbers.
1684     *
1685     * @param pattern  the pattern to add, not null
1686     * @return this, for chaining, not null
1687     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
1688     */
1689    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendPattern(String pattern) {
1690        Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
1691        parsePattern(pattern);
1692        return this;
1693    }
1694
1695    private void parsePattern(String pattern) {
1696        for (int pos = 0; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1697            char cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1698            if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1699                int start = pos++;
1700                for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1701                int count = pos - start;
1702                // padding
1703                if (cur == 'p') {
1704                    int pad = 0;
1705                    if (pos < pattern.length()) {
1706                        cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1707                        if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1708                            pad = count;
1709                            start = pos++;
1710                            for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1711                            count = pos - start;
1712                        }
1713                    }
1714                    if (pad == 0) {
1715                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
1716                                "Pad letter 'p' must be followed by valid pad pattern: " + pattern);
1717                    }
1718                    padNext(pad); // pad and continue parsing
1719                }
1720                // main rules
1721                TemporalField field = FIELD_MAP.get(cur);
1722                if (field != null) {
1723                    parseField(cur, count, field);
1724                } else if (cur == 'z') {
1725                    if (count > 4) {
1726                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1727                    } else if (count == 4) {
1728                        appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL);
1729                    } else {
1730                        appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT);
1731                    }
1732                } else if (cur == 'V') {
1733                    if (count != 2) {
1734                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 2: " + cur);
1735                    }
1736                    appendZoneId();
1737                } else if (cur == 'v') {
1738                    if (count == 1) {
1739                        appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT);
1740                    } else if (count == 4) {
1741                        appendGenericZoneText(TextStyle.FULL);
1742                    } else {
1743                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of  pattern letters: " + cur);
1744                    }
1745                } else if (cur == 'Z') {
1746                    if (count < 4) {
1747                        appendOffset("+HHMM", "+0000");
1748                    } else if (count == 4) {
1749                        appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1750                    } else if (count == 5) {
1751                        appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z");
1752                    } else {
1753                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1754                    }
1755                } else if (cur == 'O') {
1756                    if (count == 1) {
1757                        appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.SHORT);
1758                    } else if (count == 4) {
1759                        appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1760                    } else {
1761                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 1 or 4: " + cur);
1762                    }
1763                } else if (cur == 'X') {
1764                    if (count > 5) {
1765                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1766                    }
1767                    appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], "Z");
1768                } else if (cur == 'x') {
1769                    if (count > 5) {
1770                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1771                    }
1772                    String zero = (count == 1 ? "+00" : (count % 2 == 0 ? "+0000" : "+00:00"));
1773                    appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], zero);
1774                } else if (cur == 'W') {
1775                    // Fields defined by Locale
1776                    if (count > 1) {
1777                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1778                    }
1779                    appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, count));
1780                } else if (cur == 'w') {
1781                    // Fields defined by Locale
1782                    if (count > 2) {
1783                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1784                    }
1785                    appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, 2));
1786                } else if (cur == 'Y') {
1787                    // Fields defined by Locale
1788                    if (count == 2) {
1789                        appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, 2));
1790                    } else {
1791                        appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, 19));
1792                    }
1793                } else {
1794                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown pattern letter: " + cur);
1795                }
1796                pos--;
1797
1798            } else if (cur == '\'') {
1799                // parse literals
1800                int start = pos++;
1801                for ( ; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1802                    if (pattern.charAt(pos) == '\'') {
1803                        if (pos + 1 < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos + 1) == '\'') {
1804                            pos++;
1805                        } else {
1806                            break;  // end of literal
1807                        }
1808                    }
1809                }
1810                if (pos >= pattern.length()) {
1811                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern ends with an incomplete string literal: " + pattern);
1812                }
1813                String str = pattern.substring(start + 1, pos);
1814                if (str.length() == 0) {
1815                    appendLiteral('\'');
1816                } else {
1817                    appendLiteral(str.replace("''", "'"));
1818                }
1819
1820            } else if (cur == '[') {
1821                optionalStart();
1822
1823            } else if (cur == ']') {
1824                if (active.parent == null) {
1825                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern invalid as it contains ] without previous [");
1826                }
1827                optionalEnd();
1828
1829            } else if (cur == '{' || cur == '}' || cur == '#') {
1830                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern includes reserved character: '" + cur + "'");
1831            } else {
1832                appendLiteral(cur);
1833            }
1834        }
1835    }
1836
1837    @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
1838    private void parseField(char cur, int count, TemporalField field) {
1839        boolean standalone = false;
1840        switch (cur) {
1841            case 'u':
1842            case 'y':
1843                if (count == 2) {
1844                    appendValueReduced(field, 2, 2, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE);
1845                } else if (count < 4) {
1846                    appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1847                } else {
1848                    appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1849                }
1850                break;
1851            case 'c':
1852                if (count == 1) {
1853                    appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, count));
1854                    break;
1855                } else if (count == 2) {
1856                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid pattern \"cc\"");
1857                }
1858                /*fallthrough*/
1859            case 'L':
1860            case 'q':
1861                standalone = true;
1862                /*fallthrough*/
1863            case 'M':
1864            case 'Q':
1865            case 'E':
1866            case 'e':
1867                switch (count) {
1868                    case 1:
1869                    case 2:
1870                        if (cur == 'e') {
1871                            appendValue(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count, count, count));
1872                        } else if (cur == 'E') {
1873                            appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1874                        } else {
1875                            if (count == 1) {
1876                                appendValue(field);
1877                            } else {
1878                                appendValue(field, 2);
1879                            }
1880                        }
1881                        break;
1882                    case 3:
1883                        appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE : TextStyle.SHORT);
1884                        break;
1885                    case 4:
1886                        appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE : TextStyle.FULL);
1887                        break;
1888                    case 5:
1889                        appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE : TextStyle.NARROW);
1890                        break;
1891                    default:
1892                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1893                }
1894                break;
1895            case 'a':
1896                if (count == 1) {
1897                    appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1898                } else {
1899                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1900                }
1901                break;
1902            case 'G':
1903                switch (count) {
1904                    case 1:
1905                    case 2:
1906                    case 3:
1907                        appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1908                        break;
1909                    case 4:
1910                        appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
1911                        break;
1912                    case 5:
1913                        appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
1914                        break;
1915                    default:
1916                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1917                }
1918                break;
1919            case 'S':
1920                appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, count, count, false);
1921                break;
1922            case 'F':
1923                if (count == 1) {
1924                    appendValue(field);
1925                } else {
1926                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1927                }
1928                break;
1929            case 'd':
1930            case 'h':
1931            case 'H':
1932            case 'k':
1933            case 'K':
1934            case 'm':
1935            case 's':
1936                if (count == 1) {
1937                    appendValue(field);
1938                } else if (count == 2) {
1939                    appendValue(field, count);
1940                } else {
1941                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1942                }
1943                break;
1944            case 'D':
1945                if (count == 1) {
1946                    appendValue(field);
1947                } else if (count == 2 || count == 3) {
1948                    appendValue(field, count, 3, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
1949                } else {
1950                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1951                }
1952                break;
1953            case 'g':
1954                appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1955                break;
1956            case 'A':
1957            case 'n':
1958            case 'N':
1959                appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
1960                break;
1961            default:
1962                if (count == 1) {
1963                    appendValue(field);
1964                } else {
1965                    appendValue(field, count);
1966                }
1967                break;
1968        }
1969    }
1970
1971    /** Map of letters to fields. */
1972    private static final Map<Character, TemporalField> FIELD_MAP = new HashMap<>();
1973    static {
1974        // SDF = SimpleDateFormat
1975        FIELD_MAP.put('G', ChronoField.ERA);                       // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1976        FIELD_MAP.put('y', ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA);               // SDF, LDML
1977        FIELD_MAP.put('u', ChronoField.YEAR);                      // LDML (different in SDF)
1978        FIELD_MAP.put('Q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (removed quarter from 310)
1979        FIELD_MAP.put('q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (stand-alone)
1980        FIELD_MAP.put('M', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML
1981        FIELD_MAP.put('L', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML (stand-alone)
1982        FIELD_MAP.put('D', ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR);               // SDF, LDML
1983        FIELD_MAP.put('d', ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);              // SDF, LDML
1984        FIELD_MAP.put('F', ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);  // SDF, LDML
1985        FIELD_MAP.put('E', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1986        FIELD_MAP.put('c', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (stand-alone)
1987        FIELD_MAP.put('e', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (needs localized week number)
1988        FIELD_MAP.put('a', ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1989        FIELD_MAP.put('H', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1990        FIELD_MAP.put('k', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY);         // SDF, LDML
1991        FIELD_MAP.put('K', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM);              // SDF, LDML
1992        FIELD_MAP.put('h', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM);        // SDF, LDML
1993        FIELD_MAP.put('m', ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);            // SDF, LDML
1994        FIELD_MAP.put('s', ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);          // SDF, LDML
1995        FIELD_MAP.put('S', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // LDML (SDF uses milli-of-second number)
1996        FIELD_MAP.put('A', ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY);              // LDML
1997        FIELD_MAP.put('n', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1998        FIELD_MAP.put('N', ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY);               // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1999        FIELD_MAP.put('g', JulianFields.MODIFIED_JULIAN_DAY);
2000        // 310 - z - time-zone names, matches LDML and SimpleDateFormat 1 to 4
2001        // 310 - Z - matches SimpleDateFormat and LDML
2002        // 310 - V - time-zone id, matches LDML
2003        // 310 - v - general timezone names, not matching exactly with LDML because LDML specify to fall back
2004        //           to 'VVVV' if general-nonlocation unavailable but here it's not falling back because of lack of data
2005        // 310 - p - prefix for padding
2006        // 310 - X - matches LDML, almost matches SDF for 1, exact match 2&3, extended 4&5
2007        // 310 - x - matches LDML
2008        // 310 - w, W, and Y are localized forms matching LDML
2009        // LDML - U - cycle year name, not supported by 310 yet
2010        // LDML - l - deprecated
2011        // LDML - j - not relevant
2012    }
2013
2014    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2015    /**
2016     * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width using a space.
2017     * <p>
2018     * This padding will pad to a fixed width using spaces.
2019     * <p>
2020     * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
2021     * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
2022     * the pad width is exceeded.
2023     * <p>
2024     * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
2025     * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
2026     * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
2027     * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
2028     *
2029     * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
2030     * @return this, for chaining, not null
2031     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
2032     */
2033    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth) {
2034        return padNext(padWidth, ' ');
2035    }
2036
2037    /**
2038     * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width.
2039     * <p>
2040     * This padding is intended for padding other than zero-padding.
2041     * Zero-padding should be achieved using the appendValue methods.
2042     * <p>
2043     * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
2044     * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
2045     * the pad width is exceeded.
2046     * <p>
2047     * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
2048     * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
2049     * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
2050     * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
2051     * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
2052     *
2053     * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
2054     * @param padChar  the pad character
2055     * @return this, for chaining, not null
2056     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
2057     */
2058    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth, char padChar) {
2059        if (padWidth < 1) {
2060            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The pad width must be at least one but was " + padWidth);
2061        }
2062        active.padNextWidth = padWidth;
2063        active.padNextChar = padChar;
2064        active.valueParserIndex = -1;
2065        return this;
2066    }
2067
2068    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2069    /**
2070     * Mark the start of an optional section.
2071     * <p>
2072     * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
2073     * An optional section is started by calling this method and ended by calling
2074     * {@link #optionalEnd()} or by ending the build process.
2075     * <p>
2076     * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
2077     * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
2078     * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
2079     * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
2080     * <p>
2081     * For example, consider a builder setup as
2082     * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2)}.
2083     * The optional section ends automatically at the end of the builder.
2084     * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
2085     * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
2086     *
2087     * @return this, for chaining, not null
2088     */
2089    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalStart() {
2090        active.valueParserIndex = -1;
2091        active = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder(active, true);
2092        return this;
2093    }
2094
2095    /**
2096     * Ends an optional section.
2097     * <p>
2098     * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
2099     * An optional section is started by calling {@link #optionalStart()} and ended
2100     * using this method (or at the end of the builder).
2101     * <p>
2102     * Calling this method without having previously called {@code optionalStart}
2103     * will throw an exception.
2104     * Calling this method immediately after calling {@code optionalStart} has no effect
2105     * on the formatter other than ending the (empty) optional section.
2106     * <p>
2107     * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
2108     * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
2109     * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
2110     * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
2111     * <p>
2112     * For example, consider a builder setup as
2113     * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2).optionalEnd()}.
2114     * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
2115     * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
2116     *
2117     * @return this, for chaining, not null
2118     * @throws IllegalStateException if there was no previous call to {@code optionalStart}
2119     */
2120    public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalEnd() {
2121        if (active.parent == null) {
2122            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot call optionalEnd() as there was no previous call to optionalStart()");
2123        }
2124        if (active.printerParsers.size() > 0) {
2125            CompositePrinterParser cpp = new CompositePrinterParser(active.printerParsers, active.optional);
2126            active = active.parent;
2127            appendInternal(cpp);
2128        } else {
2129            active = active.parent;
2130        }
2131        return this;
2132    }
2133
2134    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2135    /**
2136     * Appends a printer and/or parser to the internal list handling padding.
2137     *
2138     * @param pp  the printer-parser to add, not null
2139     * @return the index into the active parsers list
2140     */
2141    private int appendInternal(DateTimePrinterParser pp) {
2142        Objects.requireNonNull(pp, "pp");
2143        if (active.padNextWidth > 0) {
2144            if (pp != null) {
2145                pp = new PadPrinterParserDecorator(pp, active.padNextWidth, active.padNextChar);
2146            }
2147            active.padNextWidth = 0;
2148            active.padNextChar = 0;
2149        }
2150        active.printerParsers.add(pp);
2151        active.valueParserIndex = -1;
2152        return active.printerParsers.size() - 1;
2153    }
2154
2155    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2156    /**
2157     * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2158     * using the default locale.
2159     * <p>
2160     * This will create a formatter with the {@linkplain Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default FORMAT locale}.
2161     * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2162     * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2163     * <p>
2164     * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2165     * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2166     * <p>
2167     * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2168     * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2169     *
2170     * @return the created formatter, not null
2171     */
2172    public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter() {
2173        return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2174    }
2175
2176    /**
2177     * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2178     * using the specified locale.
2179     * <p>
2180     * This will create a formatter with the specified locale.
2181     * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2182     * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2183     * <p>
2184     * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2185     * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2186     * <p>
2187     * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2188     * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2189     *
2190     * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2191     * @return the created formatter, not null
2192     */
2193    public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale) {
2194        return toFormatter(locale, ResolverStyle.SMART, null);
2195    }
2196
2197    /**
2198     * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2199     * This uses the default locale.
2200     *
2201     * @param resolverStyle  the resolver style to use, not null
2202     * @return the created formatter, not null
2203     */
2204    DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2205        return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT), resolverStyle, chrono);
2206    }
2207
2208    /**
2209     * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2210     *
2211     * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2212     * @param chrono  the chronology to use, may be null
2213     * @return the created formatter, not null
2214     */
2215    private DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale, ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2216        Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
2217        while (active.parent != null) {
2218            optionalEnd();
2219        }
2220        CompositePrinterParser pp = new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, false);
2221        return new DateTimeFormatter(pp, locale, DecimalStyle.STANDARD,
2222                resolverStyle, null, chrono, null);
2223    }
2224
2225    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2226    /**
2227     * Strategy for formatting/parsing date-time information.
2228     * <p>
2229     * The printer may format any part, or the whole, of the input date-time object.
2230     * Typically, a complete format is constructed from a number of smaller
2231     * units, each outputting a single field.
2232     * <p>
2233     * The parser may parse any piece of text from the input, storing the result
2234     * in the context. Typically, each individual parser will just parse one
2235     * field, such as the day-of-month, storing the value in the context.
2236     * Once the parse is complete, the caller will then resolve the parsed values
2237     * to create the desired object, such as a {@code LocalDate}.
2238     * <p>
2239     * The parse position will be updated during the parse. Parsing will start at
2240     * the specified index and the return value specifies the new parse position
2241     * for the next parser. If an error occurs, the returned index will be negative
2242     * and will have the error position encoded using the complement operator.
2243     *
2244     * @implSpec
2245     * This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
2246     * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
2247     * <p>
2248     * The context is not a thread-safe object and a new instance will be created
2249     * for each format that occurs. The context must not be stored in an instance
2250     * variable or shared with any other threads.
2251     */
2252    interface DateTimePrinterParser {
2253
2254        /**
2255         * Prints the date-time object to the buffer.
2256         * <p>
2257         * The context holds information to use during the format.
2258         * It also contains the date-time information to be printed.
2259         * <p>
2260         * The buffer must not be mutated beyond the content controlled by the implementation.
2261         *
2262         * @param context  the context to format using, not null
2263         * @param buf  the buffer to append to, not null
2264         * @return false if unable to query the value from the date-time, true otherwise
2265         * @throws DateTimeException if the date-time cannot be printed successfully
2266         */
2267        boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf);
2268
2269        /**
2270         * Parses text into date-time information.
2271         * <p>
2272         * The context holds information to use during the parse.
2273         * It is also used to store the parsed date-time information.
2274         *
2275         * @param context  the context to use and parse into, not null
2276         * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
2277         * @param position  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text length
2278         * @return the new parse position, where negative means an error with the
2279         *  error position encoded using the complement ~ operator
2280         * @throws NullPointerException if the context or text is null
2281         * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the position is invalid
2282         */
2283        int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position);
2284    }
2285
2286    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2287    /**
2288     * Composite printer and parser.
2289     */
2290    static final class CompositePrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2291        private final DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers;
2292        private final boolean optional;
2293
2294        CompositePrinterParser(List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2295            this(printerParsers.toArray(new DateTimePrinterParser[printerParsers.size()]), optional);
2296        }
2297
2298        CompositePrinterParser(DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2299            this.printerParsers = printerParsers;
2300            this.optional = optional;
2301        }
2302
2303        /**
2304         * Returns a copy of this printer-parser with the optional flag changed.
2305         *
2306         * @param optional  the optional flag to set in the copy
2307         * @return the new printer-parser, not null
2308         */
2309        public CompositePrinterParser withOptional(boolean optional) {
2310            if (optional == this.optional) {
2311                return this;
2312            }
2313            return new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, optional);
2314        }
2315
2316        @Override
2317        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2318            int length = buf.length();
2319            if (optional) {
2320                context.startOptional();
2321            }
2322            try {
2323                for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2324                    if (pp.format(context, buf) == false) {
2325                        buf.setLength(length);  // reset buffer
2326                        return true;
2327                    }
2328                }
2329            } finally {
2330                if (optional) {
2331                    context.endOptional();
2332                }
2333            }
2334            return true;
2335        }
2336
2337        @Override
2338        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2339            if (optional) {
2340                context.startOptional();
2341                int pos = position;
2342                for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2343                    pos = pp.parse(context, text, pos);
2344                    if (pos < 0) {
2345                        context.endOptional(false);
2346                        return position;  // return original position
2347                    }
2348                }
2349                context.endOptional(true);
2350                return pos;
2351            } else {
2352                for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2353                    position = pp.parse(context, text, position);
2354                    if (position < 0) {
2355                        break;
2356                    }
2357                }
2358                return position;
2359            }
2360        }
2361
2362        @Override
2363        public String toString() {
2364            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
2365            if (printerParsers != null) {
2366                buf.append(optional ? "[" : "(");
2367                for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2368                    buf.append(pp);
2369                }
2370                buf.append(optional ? "]" : ")");
2371            }
2372            return buf.toString();
2373        }
2374    }
2375
2376    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2377    /**
2378     * Pads the output to a fixed width.
2379     */
2380    static final class PadPrinterParserDecorator implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2381        private final DateTimePrinterParser printerParser;
2382        private final int padWidth;
2383        private final char padChar;
2384
2385        /**
2386         * Constructor.
2387         *
2388         * @param printerParser  the printer, not null
2389         * @param padWidth  the width to pad to, 1 or greater
2390         * @param padChar  the pad character
2391         */
2392        PadPrinterParserDecorator(DateTimePrinterParser printerParser, int padWidth, char padChar) {
2393            // input checked by DateTimeFormatterBuilder
2394            this.printerParser = printerParser;
2395            this.padWidth = padWidth;
2396            this.padChar = padChar;
2397        }
2398
2399        @Override
2400        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2401            int preLen = buf.length();
2402            if (printerParser.format(context, buf) == false) {
2403                return false;
2404            }
2405            int len = buf.length() - preLen;
2406            if (len > padWidth) {
2407                throw new DateTimeException(
2408                    "Cannot print as output of " + len + " characters exceeds pad width of " + padWidth);
2409            }
2410            for (int i = 0; i < padWidth - len; i++) {
2411                buf.insert(preLen, padChar);
2412            }
2413            return true;
2414        }
2415
2416        @Override
2417        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2418            // cache context before changed by decorated parser
2419            final boolean strict = context.isStrict();
2420            // parse
2421            if (position > text.length()) {
2422                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2423            }
2424            if (position == text.length()) {
2425                return ~position;  // no more characters in the string
2426            }
2427            int endPos = position + padWidth;
2428            if (endPos > text.length()) {
2429                if (strict) {
2430                    return ~position;  // not enough characters in the string to meet the parse width
2431                }
2432                endPos = text.length();
2433            }
2434            int pos = position;
2435            while (pos < endPos && context.charEquals(text.charAt(pos), padChar)) {
2436                pos++;
2437            }
2438            text = text.subSequence(0, endPos);
2439            int resultPos = printerParser.parse(context, text, pos);
2440            if (resultPos != endPos && strict) {
2441                return ~(position + pos);  // parse of decorated field didn't parse to the end
2442            }
2443            return resultPos;
2444        }
2445
2446        @Override
2447        public String toString() {
2448            return "Pad(" + printerParser + "," + padWidth + (padChar == ' ' ? ")" : ",'" + padChar + "')");
2449        }
2450    }
2451
2452    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2453    /**
2454     * Enumeration to apply simple parse settings.
2455     */
2456    static enum SettingsParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2457        SENSITIVE,
2458        INSENSITIVE,
2459        STRICT,
2460        LENIENT;
2461
2462        @Override
2463        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2464            return true;  // nothing to do here
2465        }
2466
2467        @Override
2468        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2469            // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2470            switch (ordinal()) {
2471                case 0: context.setCaseSensitive(true); break;
2472                case 1: context.setCaseSensitive(false); break;
2473                case 2: context.setStrict(true); break;
2474                case 3: context.setStrict(false); break;
2475            }
2476            return position;
2477        }
2478
2479        @Override
2480        public String toString() {
2481            // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2482            switch (ordinal()) {
2483                case 0: return "ParseCaseSensitive(true)";
2484                case 1: return "ParseCaseSensitive(false)";
2485                case 2: return "ParseStrict(true)";
2486                case 3: return "ParseStrict(false)";
2487            }
2488            throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable");
2489        }
2490    }
2491
2492    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2493    /**
2494     * Defaults a value into the parse if not currently present.
2495     */
2496    static class DefaultValueParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2497        private final TemporalField field;
2498        private final long value;
2499
2500        DefaultValueParser(TemporalField field, long value) {
2501            this.field = field;
2502            this.value = value;
2503        }
2504
2505        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2506            return true;
2507        }
2508
2509        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2510            if (context.getParsed(field) == null) {
2511                context.setParsedField(field, value, position, position);
2512            }
2513            return position;
2514        }
2515    }
2516
2517    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2518    /**
2519     * Prints or parses a character literal.
2520     */
2521    static final class CharLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2522        private final char literal;
2523
2524        CharLiteralPrinterParser(char literal) {
2525            this.literal = literal;
2526        }
2527
2528        @Override
2529        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2530            buf.append(literal);
2531            return true;
2532        }
2533
2534        @Override
2535        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2536            int length = text.length();
2537            if (position == length) {
2538                return ~position;
2539            }
2540            char ch = text.charAt(position);
2541            if (ch != literal) {
2542                if (context.isCaseSensitive() ||
2543                        (Character.toUpperCase(ch) != Character.toUpperCase(literal) &&
2544                         Character.toLowerCase(ch) != Character.toLowerCase(literal))) {
2545                    return ~position;
2546                }
2547            }
2548            return position + 1;
2549        }
2550
2551        @Override
2552        public String toString() {
2553            if (literal == '\'') {
2554                return "''";
2555            }
2556            return "'" + literal + "'";
2557        }
2558    }
2559
2560    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2561    /**
2562     * Prints or parses a string literal.
2563     */
2564    static final class StringLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2565        private final String literal;
2566
2567        StringLiteralPrinterParser(String literal) {
2568            this.literal = literal;  // validated by caller
2569        }
2570
2571        @Override
2572        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2573            buf.append(literal);
2574            return true;
2575        }
2576
2577        @Override
2578        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2579            int length = text.length();
2580            if (position > length || position < 0) {
2581                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2582            }
2583            if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, literal, 0, literal.length()) == false) {
2584                return ~position;
2585            }
2586            return position + literal.length();
2587        }
2588
2589        @Override
2590        public String toString() {
2591            String converted = literal.replace("'", "''");
2592            return "'" + converted + "'";
2593        }
2594    }
2595
2596    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2597    /**
2598     * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
2599     */
2600    static class NumberPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2601
2602        /**
2603         * Array of 10 to the power of n.
2604         */
2605        static final long[] EXCEED_POINTS = new long[] {
2606            0L,
2607            10L,
2608            100L,
2609            1000L,
2610            10000L,
2611            100000L,
2612            1000000L,
2613            10000000L,
2614            100000000L,
2615            1000000000L,
2616            10000000000L,
2617        };
2618
2619        final TemporalField field;
2620        final int minWidth;
2621        final int maxWidth;
2622        private final SignStyle signStyle;
2623        final int subsequentWidth;
2624
2625        /**
2626         * Constructor.
2627         *
2628         * @param field  the field to format, not null
2629         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2630         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2631         * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2632         */
2633        NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
2634            // validated by caller
2635            this.field = field;
2636            this.minWidth = minWidth;
2637            this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2638            this.signStyle = signStyle;
2639            this.subsequentWidth = 0;
2640        }
2641
2642        /**
2643         * Constructor.
2644         *
2645         * @param field  the field to format, not null
2646         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2647         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2648         * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2649         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater,
2650         *  -1 if fixed width due to active adjacent parsing
2651         */
2652        protected NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle, int subsequentWidth) {
2653            // validated by caller
2654            this.field = field;
2655            this.minWidth = minWidth;
2656            this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2657            this.signStyle = signStyle;
2658            this.subsequentWidth = subsequentWidth;
2659        }
2660
2661        /**
2662         * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2663         *
2664         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2665         */
2666        NumberPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
2667            if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
2668                return this;
2669            }
2670            return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, -1);
2671        }
2672
2673        /**
2674         * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
2675         *
2676         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
2677         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2678         */
2679        NumberPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
2680            return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
2681        }
2682
2683        @Override
2684        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2685            Long valueLong = context.getValue(field);
2686            if (valueLong == null) {
2687                return false;
2688            }
2689            long value = getValue(context, valueLong);
2690            DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
2691            String str = (value == Long.MIN_VALUE ? "9223372036854775808" : Long.toString(Math.abs(value)));
2692            if (str.length() > maxWidth) {
2693                throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2694                    " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2695                    " exceeds the maximum print width of " + maxWidth);
2696            }
2697            str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
2698
2699            if (value >= 0) {
2700                switch (signStyle) {
2701                    case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2702                        if (minWidth < 19 && value >= EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2703                            buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2704                        }
2705                        break;
2706                    case ALWAYS:
2707                        buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2708                        break;
2709                }
2710            } else {
2711                switch (signStyle) {
2712                    case NORMAL:
2713                    case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2714                    case ALWAYS:
2715                        buf.append(decimalStyle.getNegativeSign());
2716                        break;
2717                    case NOT_NEGATIVE:
2718                        throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2719                            " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2720                            " cannot be negative according to the SignStyle");
2721                }
2722            }
2723            for (int i = 0; i < minWidth - str.length(); i++) {
2724                buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
2725            }
2726            buf.append(str);
2727            return true;
2728        }
2729
2730        /**
2731         * Gets the value to output.
2732         *
2733         * @param context  the context
2734         * @param value  the value of the field, not null
2735         * @return the value
2736         */
2737        long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2738            return value;
2739        }
2740
2741        /**
2742         * For NumberPrinterParser, the width is fixed depending on the
2743         * minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle and whether subsequent fields are fixed.
2744         * @param context the context
2745         * @return true if the field is fixed width
2746         * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)
2747         */
2748        boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
2749            return subsequentWidth == -1 ||
2750                (subsequentWidth > 0 && minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
2751        }
2752
2753        @Override
2754        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2755            int length = text.length();
2756            if (position == length) {
2757                return ~position;
2758            }
2759            char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
2760            boolean negative = false;
2761            boolean positive = false;
2762            if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getPositiveSign()) {
2763                if (signStyle.parse(true, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2764                    return ~position;
2765                }
2766                positive = true;
2767                position++;
2768            } else if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getNegativeSign()) {
2769                if (signStyle.parse(false, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2770                    return ~position;
2771                }
2772                negative = true;
2773                position++;
2774            } else {
2775                if (signStyle == SignStyle.ALWAYS && context.isStrict()) {
2776                    return ~position;
2777                }
2778            }
2779            int effMinWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? minWidth : 1);
2780            int minEndPos = position + effMinWidth;
2781            if (minEndPos > length) {
2782                return ~position;
2783            }
2784            int effMaxWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? maxWidth : 9) + Math.max(subsequentWidth, 0);
2785            long total = 0;
2786            BigInteger totalBig = null;
2787            int pos = position;
2788            for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
2789                int maxEndPos = Math.min(pos + effMaxWidth, length);
2790                while (pos < maxEndPos) {
2791                    char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
2792                    int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
2793                    if (digit < 0) {
2794                        pos--;
2795                        if (pos < minEndPos) {
2796                            return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2797                        }
2798                        break;
2799                    }
2800                    if ((pos - position) > 18) {
2801                        if (totalBig == null) {
2802                            totalBig = BigInteger.valueOf(total);
2803                        }
2804                        totalBig = totalBig.multiply(BigInteger.TEN).add(BigInteger.valueOf(digit));
2805                    } else {
2806                        total = total * 10 + digit;
2807                    }
2808                }
2809                if (subsequentWidth > 0 && pass == 0) {
2810                    // re-parse now we know the correct width
2811                    int parseLen = pos - position;
2812                    effMaxWidth = Math.max(effMinWidth, parseLen - subsequentWidth);
2813                    pos = position;
2814                    total = 0;
2815                    totalBig = null;
2816                } else {
2817                    break;
2818                }
2819            }
2820            if (negative) {
2821                if (totalBig != null) {
2822                    if (totalBig.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) && context.isStrict()) {
2823                        return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2824                    }
2825                    totalBig = totalBig.negate();
2826                } else {
2827                    if (total == 0 && context.isStrict()) {
2828                        return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2829                    }
2830                    total = -total;
2831                }
2832            } else if (signStyle == SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD && context.isStrict()) {
2833                int parseLen = pos - position;
2834                if (positive) {
2835                    if (parseLen <= minWidth) {
2836                        return ~(position - 1);  // '+' only parsed if minWidth exceeded
2837                    }
2838                } else {
2839                    if (parseLen > minWidth) {
2840                        return ~position;  // '+' must be parsed if minWidth exceeded
2841                    }
2842                }
2843            }
2844            if (totalBig != null) {
2845                if (totalBig.bitLength() > 63) {
2846                    // overflow, parse 1 less digit
2847                    totalBig = totalBig.divide(BigInteger.TEN);
2848                    pos--;
2849                }
2850                return setValue(context, totalBig.longValue(), position, pos);
2851            }
2852            return setValue(context, total, position, pos);
2853        }
2854
2855        /**
2856         * Stores the value.
2857         *
2858         * @param context  the context to store into, not null
2859         * @param value  the value
2860         * @param errorPos  the position of the field being parsed
2861         * @param successPos  the position after the field being parsed
2862         * @return the new position
2863         */
2864        int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2865            return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2866        }
2867
2868        @Override
2869        public String toString() {
2870            if (minWidth == 1 && maxWidth == 19 && signStyle == SignStyle.NORMAL) {
2871                return "Value(" + field + ")";
2872            }
2873            if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
2874                return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + ")";
2875            }
2876            return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + "," + signStyle + ")";
2877        }
2878    }
2879
2880    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2881    /**
2882     * Prints and parses a reduced numeric date-time field.
2883     */
2884    static final class ReducedPrinterParser extends NumberPrinterParser {
2885        /**
2886         * The base date for reduced value parsing.
2887         */
2888        static final LocalDate BASE_DATE = LocalDate.of(2000, 1, 1);
2889
2890        private final int baseValue;
2891        private final ChronoLocalDate baseDate;
2892
2893        /**
2894         * Constructor.
2895         *
2896         * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2897         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2898         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2899         * @param baseValue  the base value
2900         * @param baseDate  the base date
2901         */
2902        ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2903                int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
2904            this(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, 0);
2905            if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 10) {
2906                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2907            }
2908            if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 10) {
2909                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maxWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2910            }
2911            if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
2912                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
2913                        maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
2914            }
2915            if (baseDate == null) {
2916                if (field.range().isValidValue(baseValue) == false) {
2917                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("The base value must be within the range of the field");
2918                }
2919                if ((((long) baseValue) + EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth]) > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
2920                    throw new DateTimeException("Unable to add printer-parser as the range exceeds the capacity of an int");
2921                }
2922            }
2923        }
2924
2925        /**
2926         * Constructor.
2927         * The arguments have already been checked.
2928         *
2929         * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2930         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2931         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2932         * @param baseValue  the base value
2933         * @param baseDate  the base date
2934         * @param subsequentWidth the subsequentWidth for this instance
2935         */
2936        private ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2937                int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate, int subsequentWidth) {
2938            super(field, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE, subsequentWidth);
2939            this.baseValue = baseValue;
2940            this.baseDate = baseDate;
2941        }
2942
2943        @Override
2944        long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2945            long absValue = Math.abs(value);
2946            int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2947            if (baseDate != null) {
2948                Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
2949                baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2950            }
2951            if (value >= baseValue && value < baseValue + EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2952                // Use the reduced value if it fits in minWidth
2953                return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2954            }
2955            // Otherwise truncate to fit in maxWidth
2956            return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth];
2957        }
2958
2959        @Override
2960        int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2961            int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2962            if (baseDate != null) {
2963                Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
2964                baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2965
2966                // In case the Chronology is changed later, add a callback when/if it changes
2967                final long initialValue = value;
2968                context.addChronoChangedListener(
2969                        (_unused) ->  {
2970                            /* Repeat the set of the field using the current Chronology
2971                             * The success/error position is ignored because the value is
2972                             * intentionally being overwritten.
2973                             */
2974                            setValue(context, initialValue, errorPos, successPos);
2975                        });
2976            }
2977            int parseLen = successPos - errorPos;
2978            if (parseLen == minWidth && value >= 0) {
2979                long range = EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2980                long lastPart = baseValue % range;
2981                long basePart = baseValue - lastPart;
2982                if (baseValue > 0) {
2983                    value = basePart + value;
2984                } else {
2985                    value = basePart - value;
2986                }
2987                if (value < baseValue) {
2988                    value += range;
2989                }
2990            }
2991            return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2992        }
2993
2994        /**
2995         * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2996         *
2997         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2998         */
2999        @Override
3000        ReducedPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
3001            if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
3002                return this;
3003            }
3004            return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, -1);
3005        }
3006
3007        /**
3008         * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
3009         *
3010         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
3011         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
3012         */
3013        @Override
3014        ReducedPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
3015            return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate,
3016                    this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
3017        }
3018
3019        /**
3020         * For a ReducedPrinterParser, fixed width is false if the mode is strict,
3021         * otherwise it is set as for NumberPrinterParser.
3022         * @param context the context
3023         * @return if the field is fixed width
3024         * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValueReduced(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int, int, int)
3025         */
3026        @Override
3027        boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3028           if (context.isStrict() == false) {
3029               return false;
3030           }
3031           return super.isFixedWidth(context);
3032        }
3033
3034        @Override
3035        public String toString() {
3036            return "ReducedValue(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth +
3037                    "," + Objects.requireNonNullElse(baseDate, baseValue) + ")";
3038        }
3039    }
3040
3041    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3042    /**
3043     * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
3044     */
3045    static final class FractionPrinterParser extends NumberPrinterParser {
3046       private final boolean decimalPoint;
3047
3048        /**
3049         * Constructor.
3050         *
3051         * @param field  the field to output, not null
3052         * @param minWidth  the minimum width to output, from 0 to 9
3053         * @param maxWidth  the maximum width to output, from 0 to 9
3054         * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
3055         */
3056        FractionPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
3057            this(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint, 0);
3058            Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
3059            if (field.range().isFixed() == false) {
3060                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Field must have a fixed set of values: " + field);
3061            }
3062            if (minWidth < 0 || minWidth > 9) {
3063                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Minimum width must be from 0 to 9 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
3064            }
3065            if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 9) {
3066                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must be from 1 to 9 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
3067            }
3068            if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
3069                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
3070                        maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
3071            }
3072        }
3073
3074        /**
3075         * Constructor.
3076         *
3077         * @param field  the field to output, not null
3078         * @param minWidth  the minimum width to output, from 0 to 9
3079         * @param maxWidth  the maximum width to output, from 0 to 9
3080         * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
3081         * @param subsequentWidth the subsequentWidth for this instance
3082         */
3083        FractionPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint, int subsequentWidth) {
3084            super(field, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE, subsequentWidth);
3085            this.decimalPoint = decimalPoint;
3086        }
3087
3088        /**
3089         * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
3090         *
3091         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
3092         */
3093        @Override
3094        FractionPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
3095            if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
3096                return this;
3097            }
3098            return new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint, -1);
3099        }
3100
3101        /**
3102         * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
3103         *
3104         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
3105         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
3106         */
3107        @Override
3108        FractionPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
3109            return new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint, this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
3110        }
3111
3112        /**
3113         * For FractionPrinterPrinterParser, the width is fixed if context is sttrict,
3114         * minWidth equal to maxWidth and decimalpoint is absent.
3115         * @param context the context
3116         * @return if the field is fixed width
3117         * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValueFraction(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int, int, boolean)
3118         */
3119        @Override
3120        boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3121            if (context.isStrict() && minWidth == maxWidth && decimalPoint == false) {
3122                return true;
3123            }
3124            return false;
3125        }
3126
3127        @Override
3128        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3129            Long value = context.getValue(field);
3130            if (value == null) {
3131                return false;
3132            }
3133            DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
3134            BigDecimal fraction = convertToFraction(value);
3135            if (fraction.scale() == 0) {  // scale is zero if value is zero
3136                if (minWidth > 0) {
3137                    if (decimalPoint) {
3138                        buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
3139                    }
3140                    for (int i = 0; i < minWidth; i++) {
3141                        buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
3142                    }
3143                }
3144            } else {
3145                int outputScale = Math.min(Math.max(fraction.scale(), minWidth), maxWidth);
3146                fraction = fraction.setScale(outputScale, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
3147                String str = fraction.toPlainString().substring(2);
3148                str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
3149                if (decimalPoint) {
3150                    buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
3151                }
3152                buf.append(str);
3153            }
3154            return true;
3155        }
3156
3157        @Override
3158        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3159            int effectiveMin = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? minWidth : 0);
3160            int effectiveMax = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? maxWidth : 9);
3161            int length = text.length();
3162            if (position == length) {
3163                // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
3164                return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
3165            }
3166            if (decimalPoint) {
3167                if (text.charAt(position) != context.getDecimalStyle().getDecimalSeparator()) {
3168                    // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
3169                    return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
3170                }
3171                position++;
3172            }
3173            int minEndPos = position + effectiveMin;
3174            if (minEndPos > length) {
3175                return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
3176            }
3177            int maxEndPos = Math.min(position + effectiveMax, length);
3178            int total = 0;  // can use int because we are only parsing up to 9 digits
3179            int pos = position;
3180            while (pos < maxEndPos) {
3181                char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
3182                int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
3183                if (digit < 0) {
3184                    if (pos < minEndPos) {
3185                        return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
3186                    }
3187                    pos--;
3188                    break;
3189                }
3190                total = total * 10 + digit;
3191            }
3192            BigDecimal fraction = new BigDecimal(total).movePointLeft(pos - position);
3193            long value = convertFromFraction(fraction);
3194            return context.setParsedField(field, value, position, pos);
3195        }
3196
3197        /**
3198         * Converts a value for this field to a fraction between 0 and 1.
3199         * <p>
3200         * The fractional value is between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3201         * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3202         * The fraction is obtained by calculation from the field range using 9 decimal
3203         * places and a rounding mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3204         * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3205         * <p>
3206         * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be returned as 0.25,
3207         * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3208         *
3209         * @param value  the value to convert, must be valid for this rule
3210         * @return the value as a fraction within the range, from 0 to 1, not null
3211         * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted to a fraction
3212         */
3213        private BigDecimal convertToFraction(long value) {
3214            ValueRange range = field.range();
3215            range.checkValidValue(value, field);
3216            BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3217            BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3218            BigDecimal valueBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(value).subtract(minBD);
3219            BigDecimal fraction = valueBD.divide(rangeBD, 9, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
3220            // stripTrailingZeros bug
3221            return fraction.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) == 0 ? BigDecimal.ZERO : fraction.stripTrailingZeros();
3222        }
3223
3224        /**
3225         * Converts a fraction from 0 to 1 for this field to a value.
3226         * <p>
3227         * The fractional value must be between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3228         * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3229         * The value is obtained by calculation from the field range and a rounding
3230         * mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3231         * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3232         * <p>
3233         * For example, the fractional second-of-minute of 0.25 would be converted to 15,
3234         * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3235         *
3236         * @param fraction  the fraction to convert, not null
3237         * @return the value of the field, valid for this rule
3238         * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted
3239         */
3240        private long convertFromFraction(BigDecimal fraction) {
3241            ValueRange range = field.range();
3242            BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3243            BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3244            BigDecimal valueBD = fraction.multiply(rangeBD).setScale(0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).add(minBD);
3245            return valueBD.longValueExact();
3246        }
3247
3248        @Override
3249        public String toString() {
3250            String decimal = (decimalPoint ? ",DecimalPoint" : "");
3251            return "Fraction(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + decimal + ")";
3252        }
3253    }
3254
3255    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3256    /**
3257     * Prints or parses field text.
3258     */
3259    static final class TextPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3260        private final TemporalField field;
3261        private final TextStyle textStyle;
3262        private final DateTimeTextProvider provider;
3263        /**
3264         * The cached number printer parser.
3265         * Immutable and volatile, so no synchronization needed.
3266         */
3267        private volatile NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser;
3268
3269        /**
3270         * Constructor.
3271         *
3272         * @param field  the field to output, not null
3273         * @param textStyle  the text style, not null
3274         * @param provider  the text provider, not null
3275         */
3276        TextPrinterParser(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider provider) {
3277            // validated by caller
3278            this.field = field;
3279            this.textStyle = textStyle;
3280            this.provider = provider;
3281        }
3282
3283        @Override
3284        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3285            Long value = context.getValue(field);
3286            if (value == null) {
3287                return false;
3288            }
3289            String text;
3290            Chronology chrono = context.getTemporal().query(TemporalQueries.chronology());
3291            if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3292                text = provider.getText(field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3293            } else {
3294                text = provider.getText(chrono, field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3295            }
3296            if (text == null) {
3297                return numberPrinterParser().format(context, buf);
3298            }
3299            buf.append(text);
3300            return true;
3301        }
3302
3303        @Override
3304        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence parseText, int position) {
3305            int length = parseText.length();
3306            if (position < 0 || position > length) {
3307                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
3308            }
3309            TextStyle style = (context.isStrict() ? textStyle : null);
3310            Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
3311            Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> it;
3312            if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3313                it = provider.getTextIterator(field, style, context.getLocale());
3314            } else {
3315                it = provider.getTextIterator(chrono, field, style, context.getLocale());
3316            }
3317            if (it != null) {
3318                while (it.hasNext()) {
3319                    Entry<String, Long> entry = it.next();
3320                    String itText = entry.getKey();
3321                    if (context.subSequenceEquals(itText, 0, parseText, position, itText.length())) {
3322                        return context.setParsedField(field, entry.getValue(), position, position + itText.length());
3323                    }
3324                }
3325                if (field == ERA && !context.isStrict()) {
3326                    // parse the possible era name from era.toString()
3327                    List<Era> eras = chrono.eras();
3328                    for (Era era : eras) {
3329                        String name = era.toString();
3330                        if (context.subSequenceEquals(name, 0, parseText, position, name.length())) {
3331                            return context.setParsedField(field, era.getValue(), position, position + name.length());
3332                        }
3333                    }
3334                }
3335                if (context.isStrict()) {
3336                    return ~position;
3337                }
3338            }
3339            return numberPrinterParser().parse(context, parseText, position);
3340        }
3341
3342        /**
3343         * Create and cache a number printer parser.
3344         * @return the number printer parser for this field, not null
3345         */
3346        private NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser() {
3347            if (numberPrinterParser == null) {
3348                numberPrinterParser = new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
3349            }
3350            return numberPrinterParser;
3351        }
3352
3353        @Override
3354        public String toString() {
3355            if (textStyle == TextStyle.FULL) {
3356                return "Text(" + field + ")";
3357            }
3358            return "Text(" + field + "," + textStyle + ")";
3359        }
3360    }
3361
3362    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3363    /**
3364     * Prints or parses an ISO-8601 instant.
3365     */
3366    static final class InstantPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3367        // days in a 400 year cycle = 146097
3368        // days in a 10,000 year cycle = 146097 * 25
3369        // seconds per day = 86400
3370        private static final long SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS = 146097L * 25L * 86400L;
3371        private static final long SECONDS_0000_TO_1970 = ((146097L * 5L) - (30L * 365L + 7L)) * 86400L;
3372        private final int fractionalDigits;
3373
3374        InstantPrinterParser(int fractionalDigits) {
3375            this.fractionalDigits = fractionalDigits;
3376        }
3377
3378        @Override
3379        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3380            // use INSTANT_SECONDS, thus this code is not bound by Instant.MAX
3381            Long inSecs = context.getValue(INSTANT_SECONDS);
3382            Long inNanos = null;
3383            if (context.getTemporal().isSupported(NANO_OF_SECOND)) {
3384                inNanos = context.getTemporal().getLong(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3385            }
3386            if (inSecs == null) {
3387                return false;
3388            }
3389            long inSec = inSecs;
3390            int inNano = NANO_OF_SECOND.checkValidIntValue(inNanos != null ? inNanos : 0);
3391            // format mostly using LocalDateTime.toString
3392            if (inSec >= -SECONDS_0000_TO_1970) {
3393                // current era
3394                long zeroSecs = inSec - SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3395                long hi = Math.floorDiv(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS) + 1;
3396                long lo = Math.floorMod(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3397                LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3398                if (hi > 0) {
3399                    buf.append('+').append(hi);
3400                }
3401                buf.append(ldt);
3402                if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3403                    buf.append(":00");
3404                }
3405            } else {
3406                // before current era
3407                long zeroSecs = inSec + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3408                long hi = zeroSecs / SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3409                long lo = zeroSecs % SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3410                LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3411                int pos = buf.length();
3412                buf.append(ldt);
3413                if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3414                    buf.append(":00");
3415                }
3416                if (hi < 0) {
3417                    if (ldt.getYear() == -10_000) {
3418                        buf.replace(pos, pos + 2, Long.toString(hi - 1));
3419                    } else if (lo == 0) {
3420                        buf.insert(pos, hi);
3421                    } else {
3422                        buf.insert(pos + 1, Math.abs(hi));
3423                    }
3424                }
3425            }
3426            // add fraction
3427            if ((fractionalDigits < 0 && inNano > 0) || fractionalDigits > 0) {
3428                buf.append('.');
3429                int div = 100_000_000;
3430                for (int i = 0; ((fractionalDigits == -1 && inNano > 0) ||
3431                                    (fractionalDigits == -2 && (inNano > 0 || (i % 3) != 0)) ||
3432                                    i < fractionalDigits); i++) {
3433                    int digit = inNano / div;
3434                    buf.append((char) (digit + '0'));
3435                    inNano = inNano - (digit * div);
3436                    div = div / 10;
3437                }
3438            }
3439            buf.append('Z');
3440            return true;
3441        }
3442
3443        @Override
3444        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3445            // new context to avoid overwriting fields like year/month/day
3446            int minDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 0 : fractionalDigits);
3447            int maxDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 9 : fractionalDigits);
3448            CompositePrinterParser parser = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
3449                    .append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral('T')
3450                    .appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3451                    .appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3452                    .appendValue(SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
3453                    .appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, minDigits, maxDigits, true)
3454                    .appendLiteral('Z')
3455                    .toFormatter().toPrinterParser(false);
3456            DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
3457            int pos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
3458            if (pos < 0) {
3459                return pos;
3460            }
3461            // parser restricts most fields to 2 digits, so definitely int
3462            // correctly parsed nano is also guaranteed to be valid
3463            long yearParsed = newContext.getParsed(YEAR);
3464            int month = newContext.getParsed(MONTH_OF_YEAR).intValue();
3465            int day = newContext.getParsed(DAY_OF_MONTH).intValue();
3466            int hour = newContext.getParsed(HOUR_OF_DAY).intValue();
3467            int min = newContext.getParsed(MINUTE_OF_HOUR).intValue();
3468            Long secVal = newContext.getParsed(SECOND_OF_MINUTE);
3469            Long nanoVal = newContext.getParsed(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3470            int sec = (secVal != null ? secVal.intValue() : 0);
3471            int nano = (nanoVal != null ? nanoVal.intValue() : 0);
3472            int days = 0;
3473            if (hour == 24 && min == 0 && sec == 0 && nano == 0) {
3474                hour = 0;
3475                days = 1;
3476            } else if (hour == 23 && min == 59 && sec == 60) {
3477                context.setParsedLeapSecond();
3478                sec = 59;
3479            }
3480            int year = (int) yearParsed % 10_000;
3481            long instantSecs;
3482            try {
3483                LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, 0).plusDays(days);
3484                instantSecs = ldt.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.UTC);
3485                instantSecs += Math.multiplyExact(yearParsed / 10_000L, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3486            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
3487                return ~position;
3488            }
3489            int successPos = pos;
3490            successPos = context.setParsedField(INSTANT_SECONDS, instantSecs, position, successPos);
3491            return context.setParsedField(NANO_OF_SECOND, nano, position, successPos);
3492        }
3493
3494        @Override
3495        public String toString() {
3496            return "Instant()";
3497        }
3498    }
3499
3500    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3501    /**
3502     * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3503     */
3504    static final class OffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3505        static final String[] PATTERNS = new String[] {
3506                "+HH", "+HHmm", "+HH:mm", "+HHMM", "+HH:MM", "+HHMMss", "+HH:MM:ss", "+HHMMSS", "+HH:MM:SS", "+HHmmss", "+HH:mm:ss",
3507                "+H",  "+Hmm",  "+H:mm",  "+HMM",  "+H:MM",  "+HMMss",  "+H:MM:ss",  "+HMMSS",  "+H:MM:SS",  "+Hmmss",  "+H:mm:ss",
3508        };  // order used in pattern builder
3509        static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_Z = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "Z");
3510        static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_ZERO = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "0");
3511
3512        private final String noOffsetText;
3513        private final int type;
3514        private final int style;
3515
3516        /**
3517         * Constructor.
3518         *
3519         * @param pattern  the pattern
3520         * @param noOffsetText  the text to use for UTC, not null
3521         */
3522        OffsetIdPrinterParser(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
3523            Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
3524            Objects.requireNonNull(noOffsetText, "noOffsetText");
3525            this.type = checkPattern(pattern);
3526            this.style = type % 11;
3527            this.noOffsetText = noOffsetText;
3528        }
3529
3530        private int checkPattern(String pattern) {
3531            for (int i = 0; i < PATTERNS.length; i++) {
3532                if (PATTERNS[i].equals(pattern)) {
3533                    return i;
3534                }
3535            }
3536            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid zone offset pattern: " + pattern);
3537        }
3538
3539        private boolean isPaddedHour() {
3540            return type < 11;
3541        }
3542
3543        private boolean isColon() {
3544            return style > 0 && (style % 2) == 0;
3545        }
3546
3547        @Override
3548        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3549            Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3550            if (offsetSecs == null) {
3551                return false;
3552            }
3553            int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3554            if (totalSecs == 0) {
3555                buf.append(noOffsetText);
3556            } else {
3557                int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3558                int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3559                int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3560                int bufPos = buf.length();
3561                int output = absHours;
3562                buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+");
3563                if (isPaddedHour() || absHours >= 10) {
3564                    formatZeroPad(false, absHours, buf);
3565                } else {
3566                    buf.append((char) (absHours + '0'));
3567                }
3568                if ((style >= 3 && style <= 8) || (style >= 9 && absSeconds > 0) || (style >= 1 && absMinutes > 0)) {
3569                    formatZeroPad(isColon(), absMinutes, buf);
3570                    output += absMinutes;
3571                    if (style == 7 || style == 8 || (style >= 5 && absSeconds > 0)) {
3572                        formatZeroPad(isColon(), absSeconds, buf);
3573                        output += absSeconds;
3574                    }
3575                }
3576                if (output == 0) {
3577                    buf.setLength(bufPos);
3578                    buf.append(noOffsetText);
3579                }
3580            }
3581            return true;
3582        }
3583
3584        private void formatZeroPad(boolean colon, int value, StringBuilder buf) {
3585            buf.append(colon ? ":" : "")
3586                    .append((char) (value / 10 + '0'))
3587                    .append((char) (value % 10 + '0'));
3588        }
3589
3590        @Override
3591        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3592            int length = text.length();
3593            int noOffsetLen = noOffsetText.length();
3594            if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3595                if (position == length) {
3596                    return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position);
3597                }
3598            } else {
3599                if (position == length) {
3600                    return ~position;
3601                }
3602                if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, noOffsetText, 0, noOffsetLen)) {
3603                    return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position + noOffsetLen);
3604                }
3605            }
3606
3607            // parse normal plus/minus offset
3608            char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3609            if (sign == '+' || sign == '-') {
3610                // starts
3611                int negative = (sign == '-' ? -1 : 1);
3612                boolean isColon = isColon();
3613                boolean paddedHour = isPaddedHour();
3614                int[] array = new int[4];
3615                array[0] = position + 1;
3616                int parseType = type;
3617                // select parse type when lenient
3618                if (!context.isStrict()) {
3619                    if (paddedHour) {
3620                        if (isColon || (parseType == 0 && length > position + 3 && text.charAt(position + 3) == ':')) {
3621                            isColon = true; // needed in cases like ("+HH", "+01:01")
3622                            parseType = 10;
3623                        } else {
3624                            parseType = 9;
3625                        }
3626                    } else {
3627                        if (isColon || (parseType == 11 && length > position + 3 && (text.charAt(position + 2) == ':' || text.charAt(position + 3) == ':'))) {
3628                            isColon = true;
3629                            parseType = 21;  // needed in cases like ("+H", "+1:01")
3630                        } else {
3631                            parseType = 20;
3632                        }
3633                    }
3634                }
3635                // parse according to the selected pattern
3636                switch (parseType) {
3637                    case 0: // +HH
3638                    case 11: // +H
3639                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3640                        break;
3641                    case 1: // +HHmm
3642                    case 2: // +HH:mm
3643                    case 13: // +H:mm
3644                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3645                        parseMinute(text, isColon, false, array);
3646                        break;
3647                    case 3: // +HHMM
3648                    case 4: // +HH:MM
3649                    case 15: // +H:MM
3650                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3651                        parseMinute(text, isColon, true, array);
3652                        break;
3653                    case 5: // +HHMMss
3654                    case 6: // +HH:MM:ss
3655                    case 17: // +H:MM:ss
3656                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3657                        parseMinute(text, isColon, true, array);
3658                        parseSecond(text, isColon, false, array);
3659                        break;
3660                    case 7: // +HHMMSS
3661                    case 8: // +HH:MM:SS
3662                    case 19: // +H:MM:SS
3663                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3664                        parseMinute(text, isColon, true, array);
3665                        parseSecond(text, isColon, true, array);
3666                        break;
3667                    case 9: // +HHmmss
3668                    case 10: // +HH:mm:ss
3669                    case 21: // +H:mm:ss
3670                        parseHour(text, paddedHour, array);
3671                        parseOptionalMinuteSecond(text, isColon, array);
3672                        break;
3673                    case 12: // +Hmm
3674                        parseVariableWidthDigits(text, 1, 4, array);
3675                        break;
3676                    case 14: // +HMM
3677                        parseVariableWidthDigits(text, 3, 4, array);
3678                        break;
3679                    case 16: // +HMMss
3680                        parseVariableWidthDigits(text, 3, 6, array);
3681                        break;
3682                    case 18: // +HMMSS
3683                        parseVariableWidthDigits(text, 5, 6, array);
3684                        break;
3685                    case 20: // +Hmmss
3686                        parseVariableWidthDigits(text, 1, 6, array);
3687                        break;
3688                }
3689                if (array[0] > 0) {
3690                    if (array[1] > 23 || array[2] > 59 || array[3] > 59) {
3691                        throw new DateTimeException("Value out of range: Hour[0-23], Minute[0-59], Second[0-59]");
3692                    }
3693                    long offsetSecs = negative * (array[1] * 3600L + array[2] * 60L + array[3]);
3694                    return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, array[0]);
3695                }
3696            }
3697            // handle special case of empty no offset text
3698            if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3699                return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position);
3700            }
3701            return ~position;
3702        }
3703
3704        private void parseHour(CharSequence parseText, boolean paddedHour, int[] array) {
3705            if (paddedHour) {
3706                // parse two digits
3707                if (!parseDigits(parseText, false, 1, array)) {
3708                    array[0] = ~array[0];
3709                }
3710            } else {
3711                // parse one or two digits
3712                parseVariableWidthDigits(parseText, 1, 2, array);
3713            }
3714        }
3715
3716        private void parseMinute(CharSequence parseText, boolean isColon, boolean mandatory, int[] array) {
3717            if (!parseDigits(parseText, isColon, 2, array)) {
3718                if (mandatory) {
3719                    array[0] = ~array[0];
3720                }
3721            }
3722        }
3723
3724        private void parseSecond(CharSequence parseText, boolean isColon, boolean mandatory, int[] array) {
3725            if (!parseDigits(parseText, isColon, 3, array)) {
3726                if (mandatory) {
3727                    array[0] = ~array[0];
3728                }
3729            }
3730        }
3731
3732        private void parseOptionalMinuteSecond(CharSequence parseText, boolean isColon, int[] array) {
3733            if (parseDigits(parseText, isColon, 2, array)) {
3734                parseDigits(parseText, isColon, 3, array);
3735            }
3736        }
3737
3738        private boolean parseDigits(CharSequence parseText, boolean isColon, int arrayIndex, int[] array) {
3739            int pos = array[0];
3740            if (pos < 0) {
3741                return true;
3742            }
3743            if (isColon && arrayIndex != 1) { //  ':' will precede only in case of minute/second
3744                if (pos + 1 > parseText.length() || parseText.charAt(pos) != ':') {
3745                    return false;
3746                }
3747                pos++;
3748            }
3749            if (pos + 2 > parseText.length()) {
3750                return false;
3751            }
3752            char ch1 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3753            char ch2 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3754            if (ch1 < '0' || ch1 > '9' || ch2 < '0' || ch2 > '9') {
3755                return false;
3756            }
3757            int value = (ch1 - 48) * 10 + (ch2 - 48);
3758            if (value < 0 || value > 59) {
3759                return false;
3760            }
3761            array[arrayIndex] = value;
3762            array[0] = pos;
3763            return true;
3764        }
3765
3766        private void parseVariableWidthDigits(CharSequence parseText, int minDigits, int maxDigits, int[] array) {
3767            // scan the text to find the available number of digits up to maxDigits
3768            // so long as the number available is minDigits or more, the input is valid
3769            // then parse the number of available digits
3770            int pos = array[0];
3771            int available = 0;
3772            char[] chars = new char[maxDigits];
3773            for (int i = 0; i < maxDigits; i++) {
3774                if (pos + 1  > parseText.length()) {
3775                    break;
3776                }
3777                char ch = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3778                if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
3779                    pos--;
3780                    break;
3781                }
3782                chars[i] = ch;
3783                available++;
3784            }
3785            if (available < minDigits) {
3786                array[0] = ~array[0];
3787                return;
3788            }
3789            switch (available) {
3790                case 1:
3791                    array[1] = (chars[0] - 48);
3792                    break;
3793                case 2:
3794                    array[1] = ((chars[0] - 48) * 10 + (chars[1] - 48));
3795                    break;
3796                case 3:
3797                    array[1] = (chars[0] - 48);
3798                    array[2] = ((chars[1] - 48) * 10 + (chars[2] - 48));
3799                    break;
3800                case 4:
3801                    array[1] = ((chars[0] - 48) * 10 + (chars[1] - 48));
3802                    array[2] = ((chars[2] - 48) * 10 + (chars[3] - 48));
3803                    break;
3804                case 5:
3805                    array[1] = (chars[0] - 48);
3806                    array[2] = ((chars[1] - 48) * 10 + (chars[2] - 48));
3807                    array[3] = ((chars[3] - 48) * 10 + (chars[4] - 48));
3808                    break;
3809                case 6:
3810                    array[1] = ((chars[0] - 48) * 10 + (chars[1] - 48));
3811                    array[2] = ((chars[2] - 48) * 10 + (chars[3] - 48));
3812                    array[3] = ((chars[4] - 48) * 10 + (chars[5] - 48));
3813                    break;
3814            }
3815            array[0] = pos;
3816        }
3817
3818        @Override
3819        public String toString() {
3820            String converted = noOffsetText.replace("'", "''");
3821            return "Offset(" + PATTERNS[type] + ",'" + converted + "')";
3822        }
3823    }
3824
3825    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3826    /**
3827     * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3828     */
3829    static final class LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3830        private final TextStyle style;
3831
3832        /**
3833         * Constructor.
3834         *
3835         * @param style  the style, not null
3836         */
3837        LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(TextStyle style) {
3838            this.style = style;
3839        }
3840
3841        private static StringBuilder appendHMS(StringBuilder buf, int t) {
3842            return buf.append((char)(t / 10 + '0'))
3843                      .append((char)(t % 10 + '0'));
3844        }
3845
3846        @Override
3847        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3848            Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3849            if (offsetSecs == null) {
3850                return false;
3851            }
3852            String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3853            buf.append(gmtText);
3854            int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3855            if (totalSecs != 0) {
3856                int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3857                int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3858                int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3859                buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+");
3860                if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3861                    appendHMS(buf, absHours);
3862                    buf.append(':');
3863                    appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3864                    if (absSeconds != 0) {
3865                       buf.append(':');
3866                       appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3867                    }
3868                } else {
3869                    if (absHours >= 10) {
3870                        buf.append((char)(absHours / 10 + '0'));
3871                    }
3872                    buf.append((char)(absHours % 10 + '0'));
3873                    if (absMinutes != 0 || absSeconds != 0) {
3874                        buf.append(':');
3875                        appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3876                        if (absSeconds != 0) {
3877                            buf.append(':');
3878                            appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3879                        }
3880                    }
3881                }
3882            }
3883            return true;
3884        }
3885
3886        int getDigit(CharSequence text, int position) {
3887            char c = text.charAt(position);
3888            if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
3889                return -1;
3890            }
3891            return c - '0';
3892        }
3893
3894        @Override
3895        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3896            int pos = position;
3897            int end = text.length();
3898            String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3899            if (!context.subSequenceEquals(text, pos, gmtText, 0, gmtText.length())) {
3900                    return ~position;
3901                }
3902            pos += gmtText.length();
3903            // parse normal plus/minus offset
3904            int negative = 0;
3905            if (pos == end) {
3906                return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3907            }
3908            char sign = text.charAt(pos);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3909            if (sign == '+') {
3910                negative = 1;
3911            } else if (sign == '-') {
3912                negative = -1;
3913            } else {
3914                return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3915            }
3916            pos++;
3917            int h = 0;
3918            int m = 0;
3919            int s = 0;
3920            if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3921                int h1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3922                int h2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3923                if (h1 < 0 || h2 < 0 || text.charAt(pos++) != ':') {
3924                    return ~position;
3925                }
3926                h = h1 * 10 + h2;
3927                int m1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3928                int m2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3929                if (m1 < 0 || m2 < 0) {
3930                    return ~position;
3931                }
3932                m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3933                if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3934                    int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3935                    int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3936                    if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3937                        s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3938                        pos += 3;
3939                    }
3940                }
3941            } else {
3942                h = getDigit(text, pos++);
3943                if (h < 0) {
3944                    return ~position;
3945                }
3946                if (pos < end) {
3947                    int h2 = getDigit(text, pos);
3948                    if (h2 >=0) {
3949                        h = h * 10 + h2;
3950                        pos++;
3951                    }
3952                    if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3953                        if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3954                            int m1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3955                            int m2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3956                            if (m1 >= 0 && m2 >= 0) {
3957                                m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3958                                pos += 3;
3959                                if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3960                                    int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3961                                    int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3962                                    if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3963                                        s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3964                                        pos += 3;
3965                                   }
3966                                }
3967                            }
3968                        }
3969                    }
3970                }
3971            }
3972            long offsetSecs = negative * (h * 3600L + m * 60L + s);
3973            return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, pos);
3974        }
3975
3976        @Override
3977        public String toString() {
3978            return "LocalizedOffset(" + style + ")";
3979        }
3980    }
3981
3982    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3983    /**
3984     * Prints or parses a zone ID.
3985     */
3986    static final class ZoneTextPrinterParser extends ZoneIdPrinterParser {
3987
3988        /** The text style to output. */
3989        private final TextStyle textStyle;
3990
3991        /** The preferred zoneid map */
3992        private Set<String> preferredZones;
3993
3994        /**  Display in generic time-zone format. True in case of pattern letter 'v' */
3995        private final boolean isGeneric;
3996        ZoneTextPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle, Set<ZoneId> preferredZones, boolean isGeneric) {
3997            super(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneText(" + textStyle + ")");
3998            this.textStyle = Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
3999            this.isGeneric = isGeneric;
4000            if (preferredZones != null && preferredZones.size() != 0) {
4001                this.preferredZones = new HashSet<>();
4002                for (ZoneId id : preferredZones) {
4003                    this.preferredZones.add(id.getId());
4004                }
4005            }
4006        }
4007
4008        private static final int STD = 0;
4009        private static final int DST = 1;
4010        private static final int GENERIC = 2;
4011        private static final Map<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>> cache =
4012            new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
4013
4014        private String getDisplayName(String id, int type, Locale locale) {
4015            if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
4016                return null;
4017            }
4018            String[] names;
4019            SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>> ref = cache.get(id);
4020            Map<Locale, String[]> perLocale = null;
4021            if (ref == null || (perLocale = ref.get()) == null ||
4022                (names = perLocale.get(locale)) == null) {
4023                names = TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveDisplayNames(id, locale);
4024                if (names == null) {
4025                    return null;
4026                }
4027                names = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, 0, 7);
4028                names[5] =
4029                    TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.LONG, locale);
4030                if (names[5] == null) {
4031                    names[5] = names[0]; // use the id
4032                }
4033                names[6] =
4034                    TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.SHORT, locale);
4035                if (names[6] == null) {
4036                    names[6] = names[0];
4037                }
4038                if (perLocale == null) {
4039                    perLocale = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
4040                }
4041                perLocale.put(locale, names);
4042                cache.put(id, new SoftReference<>(perLocale));
4043            }
4044            switch (type) {
4045            case STD:
4046                return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 1];
4047            case DST:
4048                return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 3];
4049            }
4050            return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 5];
4051        }
4052
4053        @Override
4054        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4055            ZoneId zone = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
4056            if (zone == null) {
4057                return false;
4058            }
4059            String zname = zone.getId();
4060            if (!(zone instanceof ZoneOffset)) {
4061                TemporalAccessor dt = context.getTemporal();
4062                int type = GENERIC;
4063                if (!isGeneric) {
4064                    if (dt.isSupported(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS)) {
4065                        type = zone.getRules().isDaylightSavings(Instant.from(dt)) ? DST : STD;
4066                    } else if (dt.isSupported(ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY) &&
4067                               dt.isSupported(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY)) {
4068                        LocalDate date = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(dt.getLong(ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY));
4069                        LocalTime time = LocalTime.ofNanoOfDay(dt.getLong(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY));
4070                        LocalDateTime ldt = date.atTime(time);
4071                        if (zone.getRules().getTransition(ldt) == null) {
4072                            type = zone.getRules().isDaylightSavings(ldt.atZone(zone).toInstant()) ? DST : STD;
4073                        }
4074                    }
4075                }
4076                String name = getDisplayName(zname, type, context.getLocale());
4077                if (name != null) {
4078                    zname = name;
4079                }
4080            }
4081            buf.append(zname);
4082            return true;
4083        }
4084
4085        // cache per instance for now
4086        private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
4087            cachedTree = new HashMap<>();
4088        private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
4089            cachedTreeCI = new HashMap<>();
4090
4091        @Override
4092        protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
4093            if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
4094                return super.getTree(context);
4095            }
4096            Locale locale = context.getLocale();
4097            boolean isCaseSensitive = context.isCaseSensitive();
4098            Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
4099            int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
4100
4101            Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>> cached =
4102                isCaseSensitive ? cachedTree : cachedTreeCI;
4103
4104            Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>> entry = null;
4105            PrefixTree tree = null;
4106            String[][] zoneStrings = null;
4107            if ((entry = cached.get(locale)) == null ||
4108                (entry.getKey() != regionIdsSize ||
4109                (tree = entry.getValue().get()) == null)) {
4110                tree = PrefixTree.newTree(context);
4111                zoneStrings = TimeZoneNameUtility.getZoneStrings(locale);
4112                for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
4113                    String zid = names[0];
4114                    if (!regionIds.contains(zid)) {
4115                        continue;
4116                    }
4117                    tree.add(zid, zid);    // don't convert zid -> metazone
4118                    zid = ZoneName.toZid(zid, locale);
4119                    int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
4120                    for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
4121                        tree.add(names[i], zid);
4122                    }
4123                }
4124                // if we have a set of preferred zones, need a copy and
4125                // add the preferred zones again to overwrite
4126                if (preferredZones != null) {
4127                    for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
4128                        String zid = names[0];
4129                        if (!preferredZones.contains(zid) || !regionIds.contains(zid)) {
4130                            continue;
4131                        }
4132                        int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
4133                        for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
4134                            tree.add(names[i], zid);
4135                       }
4136                    }
4137                }
4138                cached.put(locale, new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, new SoftReference<>(tree)));
4139            }
4140            return tree;
4141        }
4142    }
4143
4144    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4145    /**
4146     * Prints or parses a zone ID.
4147     */
4148    static class ZoneIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4149        private final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query;
4150        private final String description;
4151
4152        ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query, String description) {
4153            this.query = query;
4154            this.description = description;
4155        }
4156
4157        @Override
4158        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4159            ZoneId zone = context.getValue(query);
4160            if (zone == null) {
4161                return false;
4162            }
4163            buf.append(zone.getId());
4164            return true;
4165        }
4166
4167        /**
4168         * The cached tree to speed up parsing.
4169         */
4170        private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTree;
4171        private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTreeCI;
4172
4173        protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
4174            // prepare parse tree
4175            Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
4176            final int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
4177            Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cached = context.isCaseSensitive()
4178                                                ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
4179            if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
4180                synchronized (this) {
4181                    cached = context.isCaseSensitive() ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
4182                    if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
4183                        cached = new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, PrefixTree.newTree(regionIds, context));
4184                        if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
4185                            cachedPrefixTree = cached;
4186                        } else {
4187                            cachedPrefixTreeCI = cached;
4188                        }
4189                    }
4190                }
4191            }
4192            return cached.getValue();
4193        }
4194
4195        /**
4196         * This implementation looks for the longest matching string.
4197         * For example, parsing Etc/GMT-2 will return Etc/GMC-2 rather than just
4198         * Etc/GMC although both are valid.
4199         */
4200        @Override
4201        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4202            int length = text.length();
4203            if (position > length) {
4204                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
4205            }
4206            if (position == length) {
4207                return ~position;
4208            }
4209
4210            // handle fixed time-zone IDs
4211            char nextChar = text.charAt(position);
4212            if (nextChar == '+' || nextChar == '-') {
4213                return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
4214            } else if (length >= position + 2) {
4215                char nextNextChar = text.charAt(position + 1);
4216                if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'U') && context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'T')) {
4217                    if (length >= position + 3 && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'C')) {
4218                        return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
4219                    }
4220                    return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 2, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
4221                } else if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'G') && length >= position + 3 &&
4222                        context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'M') && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'T')) {
4223                    if (length >= position + 4 && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 3), '0')) {
4224                        context.setParsed(ZoneId.of("GMT0"));
4225                        return position + 4;
4226                    }
4227                    return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
4228                }
4229            }
4230
4231            // parse
4232            PrefixTree tree = getTree(context);
4233            ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(position);
4234            String parsedZoneId = tree.match(text, ppos);
4235            if (parsedZoneId == null) {
4236                if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'Z')) {
4237                    context.setParsed(ZoneOffset.UTC);
4238                    return position + 1;
4239                }
4240                return ~position;
4241            }
4242            context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(parsedZoneId));
4243            return ppos.getIndex();
4244        }
4245
4246        /**
4247         * Parse an offset following a prefix and set the ZoneId if it is valid.
4248         * To matching the parsing of ZoneId.of the values are not normalized
4249         * to ZoneOffsets.
4250         *
4251         * @param context the parse context
4252         * @param text the input text
4253         * @param prefixPos start of the prefix
4254         * @param position start of text after the prefix
4255         * @param parser parser for the value after the prefix
4256         * @return the position after the parse
4257         */
4258        private int parseOffsetBased(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int prefixPos, int position, OffsetIdPrinterParser parser) {
4259            String prefix = text.toString().substring(prefixPos, position).toUpperCase();
4260            if (position >= text.length()) {
4261                context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
4262                return position;
4263            }
4264
4265            // '0' or 'Z' after prefix is not part of a valid ZoneId; use bare prefix
4266            if (text.charAt(position) == '0' ||
4267                context.charEquals(text.charAt(position), 'Z')) {
4268                context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
4269                return position;
4270            }
4271
4272            DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
4273            int endPos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
4274            try {
4275                if (endPos < 0) {
4276                    if (parser == OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z) {
4277                        return ~prefixPos;
4278                    }
4279                    context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
4280                    return position;
4281                }
4282                int offset = (int) newContext.getParsed(OFFSET_SECONDS).longValue();
4283                ZoneOffset zoneOffset = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(offset);
4284                context.setParsed(ZoneId.ofOffset(prefix, zoneOffset));
4285                return endPos;
4286            } catch (DateTimeException dte) {
4287                return ~prefixPos;
4288            }
4289        }
4290
4291        @Override
4292        public String toString() {
4293            return description;
4294        }
4295    }
4296
4297    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4298    /**
4299     * A String based prefix tree for parsing time-zone names.
4300     */
4301    static class PrefixTree {
4302        protected String key;
4303        protected String value;
4304        protected char c0;    // performance optimization to avoid the
4305                              // boundary check cost of key.charat(0)
4306        protected PrefixTree child;
4307        protected PrefixTree sibling;
4308
4309        private PrefixTree(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4310            this.key = k;
4311            this.value = v;
4312            this.child = child;
4313            if (k.length() == 0){
4314                c0 = 0xffff;
4315            } else {
4316                c0 = key.charAt(0);
4317            }
4318        }
4319
4320        /**
4321         * Creates a new prefix parsing tree based on parse context.
4322         *
4323         * @param context  the parse context
4324         * @return the tree, not null
4325         */
4326        public static PrefixTree newTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
4327            //if (!context.isStrict()) {
4328            //    return new LENIENT("", null, null);
4329            //}
4330            if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
4331                return new PrefixTree("", null, null);
4332            }
4333            return new CI("", null, null);
4334        }
4335
4336        /**
4337         * Creates a new prefix parsing tree.
4338         *
4339         * @param keys  a set of strings to build the prefix parsing tree, not null
4340         * @param context  the parse context
4341         * @return the tree, not null
4342         */
4343        public static  PrefixTree newTree(Set<String> keys, DateTimeParseContext context) {
4344            PrefixTree tree = newTree(context);
4345            for (String k : keys) {
4346                tree.add0(k, k);
4347            }
4348            return tree;
4349        }
4350
4351        /**
4352         * Clone a copy of this tree
4353         */
4354        public PrefixTree copyTree() {
4355            PrefixTree copy = new PrefixTree(key, value, null);
4356            if (child != null) {
4357                copy.child = child.copyTree();
4358            }
4359            if (sibling != null) {
4360                copy.sibling = sibling.copyTree();
4361            }
4362            return copy;
4363        }
4364
4365
4366        /**
4367         * Adds a pair of {key, value} into the prefix tree.
4368         *
4369         * @param k  the key, not null
4370         * @param v  the value, not null
4371         * @return  true if the pair is added successfully
4372         */
4373        public boolean add(String k, String v) {
4374            return add0(k, v);
4375        }
4376
4377        private boolean add0(String k, String v) {
4378            k = toKey(k);
4379            int prefixLen = prefixLength(k);
4380            if (prefixLen == key.length()) {
4381                if (prefixLen < k.length()) {  // down the tree
4382                    String subKey = k.substring(prefixLen);
4383                    PrefixTree c = child;
4384                    while (c != null) {
4385                        if (isEqual(c.c0, subKey.charAt(0))) {
4386                            return c.add0(subKey, v);
4387                        }
4388                        c = c.sibling;
4389                    }
4390                    // add the node as the child of the current node
4391                    c = newNode(subKey, v, null);
4392                    c.sibling = child;
4393                    child = c;
4394                    return true;
4395                }
4396                // have an existing <key, value> already, overwrite it
4397                // if (value != null) {
4398                //    return false;
4399                //}
4400                value = v;
4401                return true;
4402            }
4403            // split the existing node
4404            PrefixTree n1 = newNode(key.substring(prefixLen), value, child);
4405            key = k.substring(0, prefixLen);
4406            child = n1;
4407            if (prefixLen < k.length()) {
4408                PrefixTree n2 = newNode(k.substring(prefixLen), v, null);
4409                child.sibling = n2;
4410                value = null;
4411            } else {
4412                value = v;
4413            }
4414            return true;
4415        }
4416
4417        /**
4418         * Match text with the prefix tree.
4419         *
4420         * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4421         * @param off  the offset position to start parsing at
4422         * @param end  the end position to stop parsing
4423         * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4424         */
4425        public String match(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4426            if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4427                return null;
4428            }
4429            if (child != null && (off += key.length()) != end) {
4430                PrefixTree c = child;
4431                do {
4432                    if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4433                        String found = c.match(text, off, end);
4434                        if (found != null) {
4435                            return found;
4436                        }
4437                        return value;
4438                    }
4439                    c = c.sibling;
4440                } while (c != null);
4441            }
4442            return value;
4443        }
4444
4445        /**
4446         * Match text with the prefix tree.
4447         *
4448         * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4449         * @param pos  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text
4450         *  length. Upon return, position will be updated to the new parse
4451         *  position, or unchanged, if no match found.
4452         * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4453         */
4454        public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4455            int off = pos.getIndex();
4456            int end = text.length();
4457            if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4458                return null;
4459            }
4460            off += key.length();
4461            if (child != null && off != end) {
4462                PrefixTree c = child;
4463                do {
4464                    if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4465                        pos.setIndex(off);
4466                        String found = c.match(text, pos);
4467                        if (found != null) {
4468                            return found;
4469                        }
4470                        break;
4471                    }
4472                    c = c.sibling;
4473                } while (c != null);
4474            }
4475            pos.setIndex(off);
4476            return value;
4477        }
4478
4479        protected String toKey(String k) {
4480            return k;
4481        }
4482
4483        protected PrefixTree newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4484            return new PrefixTree(k, v, child);
4485        }
4486
4487        protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4488            return c1 == c2;
4489        }
4490
4491        protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4492            if (text instanceof String) {
4493                return ((String)text).startsWith(key, off);
4494            }
4495            int len = key.length();
4496            if (len > end - off) {
4497                return false;
4498            }
4499            int off0 = 0;
4500            while (len-- > 0) {
4501                if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4502                    return false;
4503                }
4504            }
4505            return true;
4506        }
4507
4508        private int prefixLength(String k) {
4509            int off = 0;
4510            while (off < k.length() && off < key.length()) {
4511                if (!isEqual(k.charAt(off), key.charAt(off))) {
4512                    return off;
4513                }
4514                off++;
4515            }
4516            return off;
4517        }
4518
4519        /**
4520         * Case Insensitive prefix tree.
4521         */
4522        private static class CI extends PrefixTree {
4523
4524            private CI(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4525                super(k, v, child);
4526            }
4527
4528            @Override
4529            protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4530                return new CI(k, v, child);
4531            }
4532
4533            @Override
4534            protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4535                return DateTimeParseContext.charEqualsIgnoreCase(c1, c2);
4536            }
4537
4538            @Override
4539            protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4540                int len = key.length();
4541                if (len > end - off) {
4542                    return false;
4543                }
4544                int off0 = 0;
4545                while (len-- > 0) {
4546                    if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4547                        return false;
4548                    }
4549                }
4550                return true;
4551            }
4552        }
4553
4554        /**
4555         * Lenient prefix tree. Case insensitive and ignores characters
4556         * like space, underscore and slash.
4557         */
4558        private static class LENIENT extends CI {
4559
4560            private LENIENT(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4561                super(k, v, child);
4562            }
4563
4564            @Override
4565            protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4566                return new LENIENT(k, v, child);
4567            }
4568
4569            private boolean isLenientChar(char c) {
4570                return c == ' ' || c == '_' || c == '/';
4571            }
4572
4573            protected String toKey(String k) {
4574                for (int i = 0; i < k.length(); i++) {
4575                    if (isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4576                        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(k.length());
4577                        sb.append(k, 0, i);
4578                        i++;
4579                        while (i < k.length()) {
4580                            if (!isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4581                                sb.append(k.charAt(i));
4582                            }
4583                            i++;
4584                        }
4585                        return sb.toString();
4586                    }
4587                }
4588                return k;
4589            }
4590
4591            @Override
4592            public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4593                int off = pos.getIndex();
4594                int end = text.length();
4595                int len = key.length();
4596                int koff = 0;
4597                while (koff < len && off < end) {
4598                    if (isLenientChar(text.charAt(off))) {
4599                        off++;
4600                        continue;
4601                    }
4602                    if (!isEqual(key.charAt(koff++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4603                        return null;
4604                    }
4605                }
4606                if (koff != len) {
4607                    return null;
4608                }
4609                if (child != null && off != end) {
4610                    int off0 = off;
4611                    while (off0 < end && isLenientChar(text.charAt(off0))) {
4612                        off0++;
4613                    }
4614                    if (off0 < end) {
4615                        PrefixTree c = child;
4616                        do {
4617                            if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off0))) {
4618                                pos.setIndex(off0);
4619                                String found = c.match(text, pos);
4620                                if (found != null) {
4621                                    return found;
4622                                }
4623                                break;
4624                            }
4625                            c = c.sibling;
4626                        } while (c != null);
4627                    }
4628                }
4629                pos.setIndex(off);
4630                return value;
4631            }
4632        }
4633    }
4634
4635    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4636    /**
4637     * Prints or parses a chronology.
4638     */
4639    static final class ChronoPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4640        /** The text style to output, null means the ID. */
4641        private final TextStyle textStyle;
4642
4643        ChronoPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle) {
4644            // validated by caller
4645            this.textStyle = textStyle;
4646        }
4647
4648        @Override
4649        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4650            Chronology chrono = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.chronology());
4651            if (chrono == null) {
4652                return false;
4653            }
4654            if (textStyle == null) {
4655                buf.append(chrono.getId());
4656            } else {
4657                buf.append(getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale()));
4658            }
4659            return true;
4660        }
4661
4662        @Override
4663        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4664            // simple looping parser to find the chronology
4665            if (position < 0 || position > text.length()) {
4666                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
4667            }
4668            Set<Chronology> chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
4669            Chronology bestMatch = null;
4670            int matchLen = -1;
4671            for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
4672                String name;
4673                if (textStyle == null) {
4674                    name = chrono.getId();
4675                } else {
4676                    name = getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale());
4677                }
4678                int nameLen = name.length();
4679                if (nameLen > matchLen && context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, name, 0, nameLen)) {
4680                    bestMatch = chrono;
4681                    matchLen = nameLen;
4682                }
4683            }
4684            if (bestMatch == null) {
4685                return ~position;
4686            }
4687            context.setParsed(bestMatch);
4688            return position + matchLen;
4689        }
4690
4691        /**
4692         * Returns the chronology name of the given chrono in the given locale
4693         * if available, or the chronology Id otherwise. The regular ResourceBundle
4694         * search path is used for looking up the chronology name.
4695         *
4696         * @param chrono  the chronology, not null
4697         * @param locale  the locale, not null
4698         * @return the chronology name of chrono in locale, or the id if no name is available
4699         * @throws NullPointerException if chrono or locale is null
4700         */
4701        private String getChronologyName(Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
4702            String key = "calendarname." + chrono.getCalendarType();
4703            String name = DateTimeTextProvider.getLocalizedResource(key, locale);
4704            return Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(name, () -> chrono.getId());
4705        }
4706    }
4707
4708    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4709    /**
4710     * Prints or parses a localized pattern.
4711     */
4712    static final class LocalizedPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4713        /** Cache of formatters. */
4714        private static final ConcurrentMap<String, DateTimeFormatter> FORMATTER_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 2);
4715
4716        private final FormatStyle dateStyle;
4717        private final FormatStyle timeStyle;
4718
4719        /**
4720         * Constructor.
4721         *
4722         * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, may be null
4723         * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, may be null
4724         */
4725        LocalizedPrinterParser(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
4726            // validated by caller
4727            this.dateStyle = dateStyle;
4728            this.timeStyle = timeStyle;
4729        }
4730
4731        @Override
4732        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4733            Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
4734            return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).format(context, buf);
4735        }
4736
4737        @Override
4738        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4739            Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
4740            return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).parse(context, text, position);
4741        }
4742
4743        /**
4744         * Gets the formatter to use.
4745         * <p>
4746         * The formatter will be the most appropriate to use for the date and time style in the locale.
4747         * For example, some locales will use the month name while others will use the number.
4748         *
4749         * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4750         * @param chrono  the chronology to use, not null
4751         * @return the formatter, not null
4752         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4753         */
4754        private DateTimeFormatter formatter(Locale locale, Chronology chrono) {
4755            String key = chrono.getId() + '|' + locale.toString() + '|' + dateStyle + timeStyle;
4756            DateTimeFormatter formatter = FORMATTER_CACHE.get(key);
4757            if (formatter == null) {
4758                String pattern = getLocalizedDateTimePattern(dateStyle, timeStyle, chrono, locale);
4759                formatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendPattern(pattern).toFormatter(locale);
4760                DateTimeFormatter old = FORMATTER_CACHE.putIfAbsent(key, formatter);
4761                if (old != null) {
4762                    formatter = old;
4763                }
4764            }
4765            return formatter;
4766        }
4767
4768        @Override
4769        public String toString() {
4770            return "Localized(" + (dateStyle != null ? dateStyle : "") + "," +
4771                (timeStyle != null ? timeStyle : "") + ")";
4772        }
4773    }
4774
4775    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4776    /**
4777     * Prints or parses a localized pattern from a localized field.
4778     * The specific formatter and parameters is not selected until the
4779     * the field is to be printed or parsed.
4780     * The locale is needed to select the proper WeekFields from which
4781     * the field for day-of-week, week-of-month, or week-of-year is selected.
4782     * Hence the inherited field NumberPrinterParser.field is unused.
4783     */
4784    static final class WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser extends NumberPrinterParser {
4785        private char chr;
4786        private int count;
4787
4788        /**
4789         * Constructor.
4790         *
4791         * @param chr the pattern format letter that added this PrinterParser.
4792         * @param count the repeat count of the format letter
4793         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
4794         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
4795         */
4796        WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(char chr, int count, int minWidth, int maxWidth) {
4797            this(chr, count, minWidth, maxWidth, 0);
4798        }
4799
4800        /**
4801         * Constructor.
4802         *
4803         * @param chr the pattern format letter that added this PrinterParser.
4804         * @param count the repeat count of the format letter
4805         * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
4806         * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
4807         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater,
4808         * -1 if fixed width due to active adjacent parsing
4809         */
4810        WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(char chr, int count, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
4811                int subsequentWidth) {
4812            super(null, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE, subsequentWidth);
4813            this.chr = chr;
4814            this.count = count;
4815        }
4816
4817        /**
4818         * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
4819         *
4820         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
4821         */
4822        @Override
4823        WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
4824            if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
4825                return this;
4826            }
4827            return new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(chr, count, minWidth, maxWidth, -1);
4828        }
4829
4830        /**
4831         * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
4832         *
4833         * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
4834         * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
4835         */
4836        @Override
4837        WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
4838            return new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(chr, count, minWidth, maxWidth,
4839                    this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
4840        }
4841
4842        @Override
4843        public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4844            return printerParser(context.getLocale()).format(context, buf);
4845        }
4846
4847        @Override
4848        public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4849            return printerParser(context.getLocale()).parse(context, text, position);
4850        }
4851
4852        /**
4853         * Gets the printerParser to use based on the field and the locale.
4854         *
4855         * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4856         * @return the formatter, not null
4857         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4858         */
4859        private DateTimePrinterParser printerParser(Locale locale) {
4860            WeekFields weekDef = WeekFields.of(locale);
4861            TemporalField field = null;
4862            switch (chr) {
4863                case 'Y':
4864                    field = weekDef.weekBasedYear();
4865                    if (count == 2) {
4866                        return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, 2, 2, 0, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE,
4867                                this.subsequentWidth);
4868                    } else {
4869                        return new NumberPrinterParser(field, count, 19,
4870                                (count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD,
4871                                this.subsequentWidth);
4872                    }
4873                case 'e':
4874                case 'c':
4875                    field = weekDef.dayOfWeek();
4876                    break;
4877                case 'w':
4878                    field = weekDef.weekOfWeekBasedYear();
4879                    break;
4880                case 'W':
4881                    field = weekDef.weekOfMonth();
4882                    break;
4883                default:
4884                    throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable");
4885            }
4886            return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE,
4887                    this.subsequentWidth);
4888        }
4889
4890        @Override
4891        public String toString() {
4892            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(30);
4893            sb.append("Localized(");
4894            if (chr == 'Y') {
4895                if (count == 1) {
4896                    sb.append("WeekBasedYear");
4897                } else if (count == 2) {
4898                    sb.append("ReducedValue(WeekBasedYear,2,2,2000-01-01)");
4899                } else {
4900                    sb.append("WeekBasedYear,").append(count).append(",")
4901                            .append(19).append(",")
4902                            .append((count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
4903                }
4904            } else {
4905                switch (chr) {
4906                    case 'c':
4907                    case 'e':
4908                        sb.append("DayOfWeek");
4909                        break;
4910                    case 'w':
4911                        sb.append("WeekOfWeekBasedYear");
4912                        break;
4913                    case 'W':
4914                        sb.append("WeekOfMonth");
4915                        break;
4916                    default:
4917                        break;
4918                }
4919                sb.append(",");
4920                sb.append(count);
4921            }
4922            sb.append(")");
4923            return sb.toString();
4924        }
4925    }
4926
4927    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4928    /**
4929     * Length comparator.
4930     */
4931    static final Comparator<String> LENGTH_SORT = new Comparator<String>() {
4932        @Override
4933        public int compare(String str1, String str2) {
4934            return str1.length() == str2.length() ? str1.compareTo(str2) : str1.length() - str2.length();
4935        }
4936    };
4937}
4938