xref: /openjdk10/jaxp/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendar.java

/*
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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package javax.xml.datatype;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

/**
 * <p>Representation for W3C XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes.
 * Specifically, these date/time datatypes are
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#DATETIME},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#TIME},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#DATE},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#GYEARMONTH},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTHDAY},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#GYEAR},
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTH}, and
 * {@link DatatypeConstants#GDAY}
 * defined in the XML Namespace
 * {@code "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"}.
 * These datatypes are normatively defined in
 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime">W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.7-14</a>.
 *
 * <p>The table below defines the mapping between XML Schema 1.0
 * date/time datatype fields and this class' fields. It also summarizes
 * the value constraints for the date and time fields defined in
 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats">W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D,
 * <i>ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats</i></a>.
 *
 * <a id="datetimefieldmapping"></a>
 * <table class="striped">
 *   <caption>Date/Time Datatype Field Mapping Between XML Schema 1.0 and Java Representation</caption>
 *   <thead>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="col">XML Schema 1.0<br>
 *           datatype<br>
 *            field</th>
 *       <th scope="col">Related<br>XMLGregorianCalendar<br>Accessor(s)</th>
 *       <th scope="col">Value Range</th>
 *     </tr>
 *   </thead>
 *   <tbody>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-year">year</a></th>
 *       <td> {@link #getYear()} + {@link #getEon()} or<br>
 *            {@link #getEonAndYear}
 *       </td>
 *       <td> {@code getYear()} is a value between -(10^9-1) to (10^9)-1
 *            or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.<br>
 *            {@link #getEon()} is high order year value in billion of years.<br>
 *            {@code getEon()} has values greater than or equal to (10^9) or less than or equal to -(10^9).
 *            A value of null indicates field is undefined.<br>
 *            Given that <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/05/xmlschema-errata#e2-63">XML Schema 1.0 errata</a> states that the year zero
 *            will be a valid lexical value in a future version of XML Schema,
 *            this class allows the year field to be set to zero. Otherwise,
 *            the year field value is handled exactly as described
 *            in the errata and [ISO-8601-1988]. Note that W3C XML Schema 1.0
 *            validation does not allow for the year field to have a value of zero.
 *            </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-month">month</a></th>
 *       <td> {@link #getMonth()} </td>
 *       <td> 1 to 12 or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-day">day</a></th>
 *       <td> {@link #getDay()} </td>
 *       <td> Independent of month, max range is 1 to 31 or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.<br>
 *            The normative value constraint stated relative to month
 *            field's value is in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats">W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D</a>.
 *       </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-hour">hour</a></th>
 *       <td>{@link #getHour()}</td>
 *       <td>
 *         0 to 23 or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
 *         An hour value of 24 is allowed to be set in the lexical space provided the minute and second
 *         field values are zero. However, an hour value of 24 is not allowed in value space and will be
 *         transformed to represent the value of the first instance of the following day as per
 *         <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#built-in-primitive-datatypes">
 *         XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, 3.2 Primitive datatypes</a>.
 *       </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-minute">minute</a></th>
 *       <td> {@link #getMinute()} </td>
 *       <td> 0 to 59 or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-second">second</a></th>
 *       <td>
 *         {@link #getSecond()} + {@link #getMillisecond()}/1000 or<br>
 *         {@link #getSecond()} + {@link #getFractionalSecond()}
 *       </td>
 *       <td>
 *         {@link #getSecond()} from 0 to 60 or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.<br>
 *         <i>(Note: 60 only allowable for leap second.)</i><br>
 *         {@link #getFractionalSecond()} allows for infinite precision over the range from 0.0 to 1.0 when
 *         the {@link #getSecond()} is defined.<br>
 *         {@code FractionalSecond} is optional and has a value of {@code null} when it is undefined.<br>
 *            {@link #getMillisecond()} is the convenience
 *            millisecond precision of value of {@link #getFractionalSecond()}.
 *       </td>
 *     </tr>
 *     <tr>
 *       <th scope="row"><a id="datetimefield-timezone">timezone</a></th>
 *       <td> {@link #getTimezone()} </td>
 *       <td> Number of minutes or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
 *         Value range from -14 hours (-14 * 60 minutes) to 14 hours (14 * 60 minutes).
 *       </td>
 *     </tr>
 *   </tbody>
 *  </table>
 *
 * <p>All maximum value space constraints listed for the fields in the table
 * above are checked by factory methods, {@link DatatypeFactory},
 * setter methods and parse methods of
 * this class. {@code IllegalArgumentException} is thrown when a
 * parameter's value is outside the value constraint for the field or
 * if the composite
 * values constitute an invalid XMLGregorianCalendar instance (for example, if
 * the 31st of June is specified).
 *
 * <p>The following operations are defined for this class:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>accessors/mutators for independent date/time fields</li>
 *   <li>conversion between this class and W3C XML Schema 1.0 lexical representation,
 *     {@link #toString()}, {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar(String lexicalRepresentation)}</li>
 *   <li>conversion between this class and {@link GregorianCalendar},
 *     {@link #toGregorianCalendar(java.util.TimeZone timezone, java.util.Locale aLocale, XMLGregorianCalendar defaults)},
 *     {@link DatatypeFactory}</li>
 *   <li>partial order relation comparator method, {@link #compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)}</li>
 *   <li>{@link #equals(Object)} defined relative to {@link #compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)}.</li>
 *   <li>addition operation with {@link Duration}
 *      instance as defined in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#adding-durations-to-dateTimes">
 *      W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix E, <i>Adding durations to dateTimes</i></a>.
 *   </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:Joseph.Fialli@Sun.com">Joseph Fialli</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:Kohsuke.Kawaguchi@Sun.com">Kohsuke Kawaguchi</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:Jeff.Suttor@Sun.com">Jeff Suttor</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:Sunitha.Reddy@Sun.com">Sunitha Reddy</a>
 * @see Duration
 * @see DatatypeFactory
 * @since 1.5
 */

public abstract class XMLGregorianCalendar
        implements Cloneable {

    /**
     * Default no-arg constructor.
     *
     * <p>Note: Always use the {@link DatatypeFactory} to
     * construct an instance of {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     * The constructor on this class cannot be guaranteed to
     * produce an object with a consistent state and may be
     * removed in the future.
     */
    public XMLGregorianCalendar() {
    }

    /**
     * Unset all fields to undefined.
     *
     * <p>Set all int fields to {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} and reference fields
     * to null.
     */
    public abstract void clear();

    /**
     * Reset this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} to its original values.
     *
     * <p>{@code XMLGregorianCalendar} is reset to the same values as when it was created with
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar()},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar(String lexicalRepresentation)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar(
     *   BigInteger year,
     *   int month,
     *   int day,
     *   int hour,
     *   int minute,
     *   int second,
     *   BigDecimal fractionalSecond,
     *   int timezone)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar(
     *   int year,
     *   int month,
     *   int day,
     *   int hour,
     *   int minute,
     *   int second,
     *   int millisecond,
     *   int timezone)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendar(GregorianCalendar cal)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(
     *   int year,
     *   int month,
     *   int day,
     *   int timezone)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
     *   int hours,
     *   int minutes,
     *   int seconds,
     *   int timezone)},
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
     *   int hours,
     *   int minutes,
     *   int seconds,
     *   BigDecimal fractionalSecond,
     *   int timezone)} or
     * {@link DatatypeFactory#newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
     *   int hours,
     *   int minutes,
     *   int seconds,
     *   int milliseconds,
     *   int timezone)}.
     *
     * <p>{@code reset()} is designed to allow the reuse of existing {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}s
     * thus saving resources associated with the creation of new {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}s.
     */
    public abstract void reset();

    /**
     * Set low and high order component of XSD {@code dateTime} year field.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@code null}.
     *
     * @param year value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-year">year field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code year} parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setYear(BigInteger year);

    /**
     * Set year of XSD {@code dateTime} year field.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * <p>Note: if the absolute value of the {@code year} parameter
     * is less than 10^9, the eon component of the XSD year field is set to
     * {@code null} by this method.
     *
     * @param year value constraints are summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-year">year field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *   If year is {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}, then eon is set to {@code null}.
     */
    public abstract void setYear(int year);

    /**
     * Set month.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param month value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-month">month field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code month} parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setMonth(int month);

    /**
     * Set days in month.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param day value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-day">day field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code day} parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setDay(int day);

    /**
     * Set the number of minutes in the timezone offset.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param offset value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-timezone">
     *   timezone field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code offset} parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setTimezone(int offset);

    /**
     * Set time as one unit.
     *
     * @param hour value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-hour">hour field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param minute value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-minute">minute field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param second value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int, BigDecimal)
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second) {

        setTime(
                hour,
                minute,
                second,
                null // fractional
        );
    }

    /**
     * Set hours.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param hour value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-hour">hour field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code hour} parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     *   <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setHour(int hour);

    /**
     * Set minutes.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param minute value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-minute">minute field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code minute} parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     *   <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setMinute(int minute);

    /**
     * Set seconds.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param second value constraints summarized in <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code second} parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     *   <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setSecond(int second);

    /**
     * Set milliseconds.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @param millisecond value constraints summarized in
     *   <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code millisecond} parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified
     *   in <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setMillisecond(int millisecond);

    /**
     * Set fractional seconds.
     *
     * <p>Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of {@code null}.
     *
     * @param fractional value constraints summarized in
     *   <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fractional} parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified
     *   in <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public abstract void setFractionalSecond(BigDecimal fractional);


    /**
     * Set time as one unit, including the optional infinite precision
     * fractional seconds.
     *
     * @param hour value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-hour">hour field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param minute value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-minute">minute field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param second value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param fractional value of {@code null} indicates this optional
     *   field is not set.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public void setTime(
            int hour,
            int minute,
            int second,
            BigDecimal fractional) {

        setHour(hour);
        setMinute(minute);
        setSecond(second);
        setFractionalSecond(fractional);
    }


    /**
     * Set time as one unit, including optional milliseconds.
     *
     * @param hour value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-hour">hour field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param minute value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-minute">minute field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param second value constraints are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @param millisecond value of {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} indicates this
     *                    optional field is not set.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any parameter is
     * outside value constraints for the field as specified in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     */
    public void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond) {

        setHour(hour);
        setMinute(minute);
        setSecond(second);
        setMillisecond(millisecond);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the high order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
     * {@code year}.
     * {@code null} if this optional part of the year field is not defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-year">year field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     * @return The eon of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}. The value
     * returned is an integer multiple of 10^9.
     *
     * @see #getYear()
     * @see #getEonAndYear()
     */
    public abstract BigInteger getEon();

    /**
     * Returns the low order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
     * {@code year} or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-year">year field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The year of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @see #getEon()
     * @see #getEonAndYear()
     */
    public abstract int getYear();

    /**
     * Returns the XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
     * {@code year}.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-year">year field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return sum of {@code eon} and {@code BigInteger.valueOf(year)}
     * when both fields are defined. When only {@code year} is defined,
     * return it. When both {@code eon} and {@code year} are not
     * defined, return {@code null}.
     *
     * @see #getEon()
     * @see #getYear()
     */
    public abstract BigInteger getEonAndYear();

    /**
     * Returns the month of this calendar or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-month">month field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The month of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}, from 1 to 12.
     *
     */
    public abstract int getMonth();

    /**
     * Returns the day of month or {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-day">day field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The day of month of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}, from 1 to 31.
     *
     * @see #setDay(int)
     */
    public abstract int getDay();

    /**
     * Returns the Timezone offset in minutes or
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} if this optional field is not defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-timezone">timezone field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The Timezone offset in minutes of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @see #setTimezone(int)
     */
    public abstract int getTimezone();

    /**
     * Returns the hour of day or
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} if this field is not defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-hour">hour field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The hour of day of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}, from 0 to 23.
     *
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract int getHour();

    /**
     * Returns the minute of hour or
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} if this field is not defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-minute">minute field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The minute of hour of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}, from 0 to 59.
     *
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract int getMinute();

    /**
     * Returns the second of minute or
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} if this field is not defined.
     * When this field is not defined, the optional xs:dateTime
     * fractional seconds field, represented by
     * {@link #getFractionalSecond()} and {@link #getMillisecond()},
     * must not be defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The second of minute of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar},  from 0 to 59.
     *
     * @see #getFractionalSecond()
     * @see #getMillisecond()
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract int getSecond();

    /**
     * Returns the millisecond precision of {@link #getFractionalSecond()}.
     *
     * <p>This method represents a convenience accessor to infinite
     * precision fractional second value returned by
     * {@link #getFractionalSecond()}. The returned value is the rounded
     * down to milliseconds value of
     * {@link #getFractionalSecond()}. When {@link #getFractionalSecond()}
     * returns {@code null}, this method must return
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints for this value are summarized in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @return The millisecond precision of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @see #getFractionalSecond()
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int)
     */
    public int getMillisecond() {

        BigDecimal fractionalSeconds = getFractionalSecond();

        // is field undefined?
        if (fractionalSeconds == null) {
            return DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED;
        }

        return getFractionalSecond().movePointRight(3).intValue();
    }

    /**
     * Returns fractional seconds.
     *
     * <p>{@code null} is returned when this optional field is not defined.
     *
     * <p>Value constraints are detailed in
     * <a href="#datetimefield-second">second field of date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * <p>This optional field can only have a defined value when the
     * xs:dateTime second field, represented by {@link #getSecond()},
     * does not return {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @return Fractional seconds of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @see #getSecond()
     * @see #setTime(int, int, int, BigDecimal)
     */
    public abstract BigDecimal getFractionalSecond();

    // comparisons
    /**
     * Compare two instances of W3C XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes
     * according to partial order relation defined in
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime-order">W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.7.3,
     * <i>Order relation on dateTime</i></a>.
     *
     * <p>{@code xsd:dateTime} datatype field mapping to accessors of
     * this class are defined in
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>.
     *
     * @param xmlGregorianCalendar Instance of {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} to compare
     *
     * @return The relationship between {@code this} {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} and
     *   the specified {@code xmlGregorianCalendar} as
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#LESSER},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#EQUAL},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GREATER} or
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#INDETERMINATE}.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code xmlGregorianCalendar} is null.
     */
    public abstract int compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar);

    /**
     * Normalize this instance to UTC.
     *
     * <p>2000-03-04T23:00:00+03:00 normalizes to 2000-03-04T20:00:00Z
     * <p>Implements W3C XML Schema Part 2, Section 3.2.7.3 (A).
     *
     * @return {@code this} {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} normalized to UTC.
     */
    public abstract XMLGregorianCalendar normalize();

    /**
     * Compares this calendar to the specified object. The result is
     * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not null and is an
     * {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} object that represents the same
     * instant in time as this object.
     *
     * @param obj to compare.
     *
     * @return {@code true} when {@code obj} is an instance of
     * {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} and
     * {@link #compare(XMLGregorianCalendar obj)}
     * returns {@link DatatypeConstants#EQUAL},
     * otherwise {@code false}.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof XMLGregorianCalendar)) {
            return false;
        }
        return compare((XMLGregorianCalendar) obj) == DatatypeConstants.EQUAL;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hash code consistent with the definition of the equals method.
     *
     * @return hash code of this object.
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {

        // Following two dates compare to EQUALS since in different timezones.
        // 2000-01-15T12:00:00-05:00 == 2000-01-15T13:00:00-04:00
        //
        // Must ensure both instances generate same hashcode by normalizing
        // this to UTC timezone.
        int timezone = getTimezone();
        if (timezone == DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED) {
            timezone = 0;
        }
        XMLGregorianCalendar gc = this;
        if (timezone != 0) {
            gc = this.normalize();
        }
        return gc.getYear()
                + gc.getMonth()
                + gc.getDay()
                + gc.getHour()
                + gc.getMinute()
                + gc.getSecond();
    }

    /**
     * Return the lexical representation of {@code this} instance.
     * The format is specified in
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime-order">XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.[7-14].1,
     * <i>Lexical Representation</i>".</a>
     *
     * <p>Specific target lexical representation format is determined by
     * {@link #getXMLSchemaType()}.
     *
     * @return XML, as {@code String}, representation of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the combination of set fields
     *    does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin date/time datatypes.
     */
    public abstract String toXMLFormat();

    /**
     * Return the name of the XML Schema date/time type that this instance
     * maps to. Type is computed based on fields that are set.
     *
     * <table class="striped">
     *   <caption>Required fields for XML Schema 1.0 Date/Time Datatypes.<br>
     *         <i>(timezone is optional for all date/time datatypes)</i></caption>
     *   <thead>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="col">Datatype</th>
     *       <th scope="col">year</th>
     *       <th scope="col">month</th>
     *       <th scope="col">day</th>
     *       <th scope="col">hour</th>
     *       <th scope="col">minute</th>
     *       <th scope="col">second</th>
     *     </tr>
     *   </thead>
     *   <tbody>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#DATETIME}</th>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#DATE}</th>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#TIME}</th>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#GYEARMONTH}</th>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTHDAY}</th>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#GYEAR}</th>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTH}</th>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@link DatatypeConstants#GDAY}</th>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td>X</td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *       <td></td>
     *     </tr>
     *   </tbody>
     * </table>
     *
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException if the combination of set fields
     *    does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin
     *    date/time datatypes.
     * @return One of the following class constants:
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#DATETIME},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#TIME},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#DATE},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GYEARMONTH},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTHDAY},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GYEAR},
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GMONTH} or
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#GDAY}.
     */
    public abstract QName getXMLSchemaType();

    /**
     * Returns a {@code String} representation of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} {@code Object}.
     *
     * <p>The result is a lexical representation generated by {@link #toXMLFormat()}.
     *
     * @return A non-{@code null} valid {@code String} representation of this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the combination of set fields
     *    does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin date/time datatypes.
     *
     * @see #toXMLFormat()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {

        return toXMLFormat();
    }

    /**
     * Validate instance by {@code getXMLSchemaType()} constraints.
     * @return true if data values are valid.
     */
    public abstract boolean isValid();

    /**
     * Add {@code duration} to this instance.
     *
     * <p>The computation is specified in
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#adding-durations-to-dateTimes">XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix E,
     * <i>Adding durations to dateTimes</i></a>.
     * <a href="#datetimefieldmapping">date/time field mapping table</a>
     * defines the mapping from XML Schema 1.0 {@code dateTime} fields
     * to this class' representation of those fields.
     *
     * @param duration Duration to add to this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException  when {@code duration} parameter is {@code null}.
     */
    public abstract void add(Duration duration);

    /**
     * Convert this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} to a {@link GregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * <p>When {@code this} instance has an undefined field, this
     * conversion relies on the {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar} default
     * for its corresponding field. A notable difference between
     * XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes and {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar}
     * is that Timezone value is optional for date/time datatypes and it is
     * a required field for {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar}. See javadoc
     * for {@code java.util.TimeZone.getDefault()} on how the default
     * is determined. To explicitly specify the {@code TimeZone}
     * instance, see
     * {@link #toGregorianCalendar(TimeZone, Locale, XMLGregorianCalendar)}.
     *
     * <table class="striped">
     *   <caption>Field by Field Conversion from this class to
     *          {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar}</caption>
     *   <thead>
     *     <tr>
     *        <th scope="col">{@code java.util.GregorianCalendar} field</th>
     *        <th scope="col">{@code javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar} field</th>
     *     </tr>
     *   </thead>
     *   <tbody>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code ERA}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getEonAndYear()}{@code .signum() < 0 ? GregorianCalendar.BC : GregorianCalendar.AD}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code YEAR}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getEonAndYear()}{@code .abs().intValue()}<i>*</i></td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code MONTH}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getMonth()} - {@link DatatypeConstants#JANUARY} + {@link GregorianCalendar#JANUARY}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code DAY_OF_MONTH}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getDay()}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code HOUR_OF_DAY}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getHour()}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code MINUTE}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getMinute()}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code SECOND}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getSecond()}</td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code MILLISECOND}</th>
     *       <td>get millisecond order from {@link #getFractionalSecond()}<i>*</i> </td>
     *     </tr>
     *     <tr>
     *       <th scope="row">{@code GregorianCalendar.setTimeZone(TimeZone)}</th>
     *       <td>{@link #getTimezone()} formatted into Custom timezone id</td>
     *     </tr>
     *   </tbody>
     * </table>
     * <i>*</i> designates possible loss of precision during the conversion due
     * to source datatype having higher precision than target datatype.
     *
     * <p>To ensure consistency in conversion implementations, the new
     * {@code GregorianCalendar} should be instantiated in following
     * manner.
     * <ul>
     *   <li>Using {@code timeZone} value as defined above, create a new
     * {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar(timeZone,Locale.getDefault())}.
     *   </li>
     *   <li>Initialize all GregorianCalendar fields by calling {@link java.util.GregorianCalendar#clear()}.</li>
     *   <li>Obtain a pure Gregorian Calendar by invoking
     *   {@code GregorianCalendar.setGregorianChange(
     *   new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE))}.</li>
     *   <li>Its fields ERA, YEAR, MONTH, DAY_OF_MONTH, HOUR_OF_DAY,
     *       MINUTE, SECOND and MILLISECOND are set using the method
     *       {@code Calendar.set(int,int)}</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @return An instance of {@link java.util.GregorianCalendar}.
     *
     * @see #toGregorianCalendar(java.util.TimeZone, java.util.Locale, XMLGregorianCalendar)
     */
    public abstract GregorianCalendar toGregorianCalendar();

    /**
     * Convert this {@code XMLGregorianCalendar} along with provided parameters
     * to a {@link GregorianCalendar} instance.
     *
     * <p> Since XML Schema 1.0 date/time datetypes has no concept of
     * timezone ids or daylight savings timezone ids, this conversion operation
     * allows the user to explicitly specify one with
     * {@code timezone} parameter.
     *
     * <p>To compute the return value's {@code TimeZone} field,
     * <ul>
     * <li>when parameter {@code timeZone} is non-null,
     * it is the timezone field.</li>
     * <li>else when {@code this.getTimezone() != FIELD_UNDEFINED},
     * create a {@code java.util.TimeZone} with a custom timezone id
     * using the {@code this.getTimezone()}.</li>
     * <li>else when {@code defaults.getTimezone() != FIELD_UNDEFINED},
     * create a {@code java.util.TimeZone} with a custom timezone id
     * using {@code defaults.getTimezone()}.</li>
     * <li>else use the {@code GregorianCalendar} default timezone value
     * for the host is defined as specified by
     * {@code java.util.TimeZone.getDefault()}.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>To ensure consistency in conversion implementations, the new
     * {@code GregorianCalendar} should be instantiated in following
     * manner.
     * <ul>
     *   <li>Create a new {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar(TimeZone,
     *       Locale)} with TimeZone set as specified above and the
     *       {@code Locale} parameter.
     *   </li>
     *   <li>Initialize all GregorianCalendar fields by calling {@link GregorianCalendar#clear()}</li>
     *   <li>Obtain a pure Gregorian Calendar by invoking
     *   {@code GregorianCalendar.setGregorianChange(
     *   new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE))}.</li>
     *   <li>Its fields ERA, YEAR, MONTH, DAY_OF_MONTH, HOUR_OF_DAY,
     *       MINUTE, SECOND and MILLISECOND are set using the method
     *       {@code Calendar.set(int,int)}</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param timezone provide Timezone. {@code null} is a legal value.
     * @param aLocale  provide explicit Locale. Use default GregorianCalendar locale if
     *                 value is {@code null}.
     * @param defaults provide default field values to use when corresponding
     *                 field for this instance is FIELD_UNDEFINED or null.
     *                 If {@code defaults}is {@code null} or a field
     *                 within the specified {@code defaults} is undefined,
     *                 just use {@code java.util.GregorianCalendar} defaults.
     * @return a java.util.GregorianCalendar conversion of this instance.
     */
    public abstract GregorianCalendar toGregorianCalendar(
            java.util.TimeZone timezone,
            java.util.Locale aLocale,
            XMLGregorianCalendar defaults);

    /**
     * Returns a {@code java.util.TimeZone} for this class.
     *
     * <p>If timezone field is defined for this instance,
     * returns TimeZone initialized with custom timezone id
     * of zoneoffset. If timezone field is undefined,
     * try the defaultZoneoffset that was passed in.
     * If defaultZoneoffset is FIELD_UNDEFINED, return
     * default timezone for this host.
     * (Same default as java.util.GregorianCalendar).
     *
     * @param defaultZoneoffset default zoneoffset if this zoneoffset is
     * {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED}.
     *
     * @return TimeZone for this.
     */
    public abstract TimeZone getTimeZone(int defaultZoneoffset);



    /**
     * Creates and returns a copy of this object.
     *
     * @return copy of this {@code Object}
     */
    @Override
    public abstract Object clone();
}