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42<h1 class="settitle">Installing GCC: GNU Free Documentation License</h1>
43<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: GNU Free Documentation License</h1><!-- man begin DESCRIPTION -->
44
45   <p><a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1"></a><div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002</div>
46
47<pre class="display">     Copyright &copy; 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
48     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
49     
50     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
51     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
52</pre>
53     <ol type=1 start=0>
54<li>PREAMBLE
55
56     <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
57functional and useful document <dfn>free</dfn> in the sense of freedom: to
58assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
59with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 
60Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
61to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
62for modifications made by others.
63
64     <p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
65works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
66complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
67license designed for free software.
68
69     <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
70software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
71program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
72software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
73it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
74whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
75principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
76
77     <li>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
78
79     <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
80contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
81distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
82world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
83work under the conditions stated herein.  The &ldquo;Document&rdquo;, below,
84refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
85licensee, and is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.  You accept the license if you
86copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
87under copyright law.
88
89     <p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
90Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
91modifications and/or translated into another language.
92
93     <p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
94of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
95publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
96subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
97directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
98part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
99any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
100connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
101commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
102them.
103
104     <p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
105are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
106that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
107section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
108allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
109Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
110Sections then there are none.
111
112     <p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
113as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
114the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
115be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
116
117     <p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
118represented in a format whose specification is available to the
119general public, that is suitable for revising the document
120straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
121pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
122drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
123for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
124to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
125format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
126or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 
127An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
128of text.  A copy that is not &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; is called &ldquo;Opaque&rdquo;.
129
130     <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
131<span class="sc">ascii</span> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
132format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available
133<acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>,
134PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification.  Examples
135of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and
136<acronym>JPG</acronym>.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
137read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or
138<acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are
139not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>,
140PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for
141output purposes only.
142
143     <p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
144plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
145this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
146formats which do not have any title page as such, &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means
147the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
148preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
149
150     <p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
151title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
152text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
153specific section name mentioned below, such as &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
154&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.)  To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
155of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
156section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
157
158     <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
159states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
160Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
161License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
162implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
163no effect on the meaning of this License.
164
165     <li>VERBATIM COPYING
166
167     <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
168commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
169copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
170to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
171conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
172technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
173copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
174compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
175number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
176
177     <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
178you may publicly display copies.
179
180     <li>COPYING IN QUANTITY
181
182     <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
183printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
184Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
185copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
186Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
187the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
188you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
189the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
190visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition. 
191Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
192the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
193as verbatim copying in other respects.
194
195     <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
196legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
197reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
198pages.
199
200     <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
201more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
202copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
203a computer-network location from which the general network-using
204public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
205a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 
206If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
207when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
208that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
209location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
210Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
211edition to the public.
212
213     <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
214Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
215them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
216
217     <li>MODIFICATIONS
218
219     <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
220the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
221the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
222Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
223and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
224of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
225
226          <ol type=A start=1>
227<li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
228from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
229(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
230of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
231if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
232
233          <li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
234responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
235Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
236Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
237unless they release you from this requirement.
238
239          <li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
240Modified Version, as the publisher.
241
242          <li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
243
244          <li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
245adjacent to the other copyright notices.
246
247          <li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
248giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
249terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
250
251          <li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
252and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
253
254          <li>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
255
256          <li>Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
257to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
258publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
259there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
260stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
261given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
262Version as stated in the previous sentence.
263
264          <li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
265public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
266the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
267it was based on.  These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section. 
268You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
269least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
270publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
271
272          <li>For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
273the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
274substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
275dedications given therein.
276
277          <li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
278unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
279or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
280
281          <li>Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;.  Such a section
282may not be included in the Modified Version.
283
284          <li>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
285to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
286
287          <li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
288          </ol>
289
290     <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
291appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
292copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
293of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
294list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 
295These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
296
297     <p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
298nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
299parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
300been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
301standard.
302
303     <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
304passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
305of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
306Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
307through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
308includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
309by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
310you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
311permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
312
313     <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
314give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
315imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
316
317     <li>COMBINING DOCUMENTS
318
319     <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
320License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
321versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
322Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
323list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
324license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
325
326     <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
327multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
328copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
329different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
330adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
331author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 
332Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
333Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
334
335     <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
336in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
337&ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
338and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;.  You must delete all
339sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
340
341     <li>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
342
343     <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
344released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
345License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
346the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
347verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
348
349     <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
350it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
351License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
352other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
353
354     <li>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
355
356     <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
357and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
358distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
359resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
360of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 
361When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
362apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
363derivative works of the Document.
364
365     <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
366copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
367the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
368covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
369electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 
370Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
371aggregate.
372
373     <li>TRANSLATION
374
375     <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
376distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 
377Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
378permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
379translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
380original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
381translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
382Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include
383the original English version of this License and the original versions
384of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
385the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
386or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
387
388     <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
389&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
390its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
391title.
392
393     <li>TERMINATION
394
395     <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
396as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
397copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
398automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
399parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
400License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
401parties remain in full compliance.
402
403     <li>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
404
405     <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
406of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
407versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
408differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
409<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
410
411     <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 
412If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
413License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
414following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
415of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
416Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
417number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
418as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
419        </ol>
420
421<h3 class="unnumberedsec"><a name="TOC0"></a>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
422
423<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
424the License in the document and put the following copyright and
425license notices just after the title page:
426
427<pre class="smallexample">       Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
428       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
429       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
430       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
431       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
432       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
433       Free Documentation License''.
434</pre>
435   <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
436replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
437
438<pre class="smallexample">         with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
439         the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
440         being <var>list</var>.
441</pre>
442   <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
443combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
444situation.
445
446   <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
447recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
448free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
449to permit their use in free software.
450
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