1S/390 driver model interfaces 2----------------------------- 3 41. CCW devices 5-------------- 6 7All devices which can be addressed by means of ccws are called 'CCW devices' - 8even if they aren't actually driven by ccws. 9 10All ccw devices are accessed via a subchannel, this is reflected in the 11structures under devices/: 12 13devices/ 14 - system/ 15 - css0/ 16 - 0.0.0000/0.0.0815/ 17 - 0.0.0001/0.0.4711/ 18 - 0.0.0002/ 19 - 0.1.0000/0.1.1234/ 20 ... 21 - defunct/ 22 23In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 0, 24device 4711 via subchannel 1 in subchannel set 0, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O 25subchannel. Device 1234 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 1. 26 27The subchannel named 'defunct' does not represent any real subchannel on the 28system; it is a pseudo subchannel where disconnnected ccw devices are moved to 29if they are displaced by another ccw device becoming operational on their 30former subchannel. The ccw devices will be moved again to a proper subchannel 31if they become operational again on that subchannel. 32 33You should address a ccw device via its bus id (e.g. 0.0.4711); the device can 34be found under bus/ccw/devices/. 35 36All ccw devices export some data via sysfs. 37 38cutype: The control unit type / model. 39 40devtype: The device type / model, if applicable. 41 42availability: Can be 'good' or 'boxed'; 'no path' or 'no device' for 43 disconnected devices. 44 45online: An interface to set the device online and offline. 46 In the special case of the device being disconnected (see the 47 notify function under 1.2), piping 0 to online will forcibly delete 48 the device. 49 50The device drivers can add entries to export per-device data and interfaces. 51 52There is also some data exported on a per-subchannel basis (see under 53bus/css/devices/): 54 55chpids: Via which chpids the device is connected. 56 57pimpampom: The path installed, path available and path operational masks. 58 59There also might be additional data, for example for block devices. 60 61 621.1 Bringing up a ccw device 63---------------------------- 64 65This is done in several steps. 66 67a. Each driver can provide one or more parameter interfaces where parameters can 68 be specified. These interfaces are also in the driver's responsibility. 69b. After a. has been performed, if necessary, the device is finally brought up 70 via the 'online' interface. 71 72 731.2 Writing a driver for ccw devices 74------------------------------------ 75 76The basic struct ccw_device and struct ccw_driver data structures can be found 77under include/asm/ccwdev.h. 78 79struct ccw_device { 80 spinlock_t *ccwlock; 81 struct ccw_device_private *private; 82 struct ccw_device_id id; 83 84 struct ccw_driver *drv; 85 struct device dev; 86 int online; 87 88 void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm, 89 struct irb *irb); 90}; 91 92struct ccw_driver { 93 struct module *owner; 94 struct ccw_device_id *ids; 95 int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *); 96 int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *); 97 int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *); 98 int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *); 99 int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int); 100 struct device_driver driver; 101 char *name; 102}; 103 104The 'private' field contains data needed for internal i/o operation only, and 105is not available to the device driver. 106 107Each driver should declare in a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE into which CU types/models 108and/or device types/models it is interested. This information can later be found 109in the struct ccw_device_id fields: 110 111struct ccw_device_id { 112 __u16 match_flags; 113 114 __u16 cu_type; 115 __u16 dev_type; 116 __u8 cu_model; 117 __u8 dev_model; 118 119 unsigned long driver_info; 120}; 121 122The functions in ccw_driver should be used in the following way: 123probe: This function is called by the device layer for each device the driver 124 is interested in. The driver should only allocate private structures 125 to put in dev->driver_data and create attributes (if needed). Also, 126 the interrupt handler (see below) should be set here. 127 128int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *cdev); 129 130Parameters: cdev - the device to be probed. 131 132 133remove: This function is called by the device layer upon removal of the driver, 134 the device or the module. The driver should perform cleanups here. 135 136int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *cdev); 137 138Parameters: cdev - the device to be removed. 139 140 141set_online: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is 142 activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should finally 143 setup and activate the device here. 144 145int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *); 146 147Parameters: cdev - the device to be activated. The common layer has 148 verified that the device is not already online. 149 150 151set_offline: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is 152 de-activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should shut 153 down the device, but not de-allocate its private data. 154 155int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *); 156 157Parameters: cdev - the device to be deactivated. The common layer has 158 verified that the device is online. 159 160 161notify: This function is called by the common I/O layer for some state changes 162 of the device. 163 Signalled to the driver are: 164 * In online state, device detached (CIO_GONE) or last path gone 165 (CIO_NO_PATH). The driver must return !0 to keep the device; for 166 return code 0, the device will be deleted as usual (also when no 167 notify function is registered). If the driver wants to keep the 168 device, it is moved into disconnected state. 169 * In disconnected state, device operational again (CIO_OPER). The 170 common I/O layer performs some sanity checks on device number and 171 Device / CU to be reasonably sure if it is still the same device. 172 If not, the old device is removed and a new one registered. By the 173 return code of the notify function the device driver signals if it 174 wants the device back: !0 for keeping, 0 to make the device being 175 removed and re-registered. 176 177int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int); 178 179Parameters: cdev - the device whose state changed. 180 event - the event that happened. This can be one of CIO_GONE, 181 CIO_NO_PATH or CIO_OPER. 182 183The handler field of the struct ccw_device is meant to be set to the interrupt 184handler for the device. In order to accommodate drivers which use several 185distinct handlers (e.g. multi subchannel devices), this is a member of ccw_device 186instead of ccw_driver. 187The handler is registered with the common layer during set_online() processing 188before the driver is called, and is deregistered during set_offline() after the 189driver has been called. Also, after registering / before deregistering, path 190grouping resp. disbanding of the path group (if applicable) are performed. 191 192void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm, struct irb *irb); 193 194Parameters: dev - the device the handler is called for 195 intparm - the intparm which allows the device driver to identify 196 the i/o the interrupt is associated with, or to recognize 197 the interrupt as unsolicited. 198 irb - interruption response block which contains the accumulated 199 status. 200 201The device driver is called from the common ccw_device layer and can retrieve 202information about the interrupt from the irb parameter. 203 204 2051.3 ccwgroup devices 206-------------------- 207 208The ccwgroup mechanism is designed to handle devices consisting of multiple ccw 209devices, like lcs or ctc. 210 211The ccw driver provides a 'group' attribute. Piping bus ids of ccw devices to 212this attributes creates a ccwgroup device consisting of these ccw devices (if 213possible). This ccwgroup device can be set online or offline just like a normal 214ccw device. 215 216Each ccwgroup device also provides an 'ungroup' attribute to destroy the device 217again (only when offline). This is a generic ccwgroup mechanism (the driver does 218not need to implement anything beyond normal removal routines). 219 220A ccw device which is a member of a ccwgroup device carries a pointer to the 221ccwgroup device in the driver_data of its device struct. This field must not be 222touched by the driver - it should use the ccwgroup device's driver_data for its 223private data. 224 225To implement a ccwgroup driver, please refer to include/asm/ccwgroup.h. Keep in 226mind that most drivers will need to implement both a ccwgroup and a ccw driver 227(unless you have a meta ccw driver, like cu3088 for lcs and ctc). 228 229 2302. Channel paths 231----------------- 232 233Channel paths show up, like subchannels, under the channel subsystem root (css0) 234and are called 'chp0.<chpid>'. They have no driver and do not belong to any bus. 235Please note, that unlike /proc/chpids in 2.4, the channel path objects reflect 236only the logical state and not the physical state, since we cannot track the 237latter consistently due to lacking machine support (we don't need to be aware 238of it anyway). 239 240status - Can be 'online' or 'offline'. 241 Piping 'on' or 'off' sets the chpid logically online/offline. 242 Piping 'on' to an online chpid triggers path reprobing for all devices 243 the chpid connects to. This can be used to force the kernel to re-use 244 a channel path the user knows to be online, but the machine hasn't 245 created a machine check for. 246 247type - The physical type of the channel path. 248 249shared - Whether the channel path is shared. 250 251cmg - The channel measurement group. 252 2533. System devices 254----------------- 255 2563.1 xpram 257--------- 258 259xpram shows up under devices/system/ as 'xpram'. 260 2613.2 cpus 262-------- 263 264For each cpu, a directory is created under devices/system/cpu/. Each cpu has an 265attribute 'online' which can be 0 or 1. 266 267 2684. Other devices 269---------------- 270 2714.1 Netiucv 272----------- 273 274The netiucv driver creates an attribute 'connection' under 275bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attribute creates a new netiucv 276connection to the specified host. 277 278Netiucv connections show up under devices/iucv/ as "netiucv<ifnum>". The interface 279number is assigned sequentially to the connections defined via the 'connection' 280attribute. 281 282user - shows the connection partner. 283 284buffer - maximum buffer size. 285 Pipe to it to change buffer size. 286