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1
2		Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
3		==========================================
4			    Configuration guide
5
6
7Kernel Configuration
8====================
9
10To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
11primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
12you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
13
14Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
15PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
16
17If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
18SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
19(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
20
21To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
22and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
23too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
24
25Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
26(if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
27using isapnptools.
28
29
30Creating ALSA devices
31=====================
32
33This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
34script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
35script named 'snddevices'.
36
37
38Module parameters
39=================
40
41The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
42one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
43specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
44
45Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
46
47  Module snd
48  ----------
49
50    The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
51    It takes the following options which have global effects.
52
53    major	- major number for sound driver
54		- Default: 116
55    cards_limit
56		- limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
57		- Default: 1
58		- For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
59		  option together with snd-card-X aliases.
60    slots	- Reserve the slot index for the given driver.
61		  This option takes multiple strings.		
62		  See "Module Autoloading Support" section for details.
63    debug	- Specifies the debug message level
64		  (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
65		   2 = verbose debug messages)
66		  This option appears only when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y.
67		  This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
68		  /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
69  
70  Module snd-pcm-oss
71  ------------------
72
73    The PCM OSS emulation module.
74    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
75
76    dsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
77		- Default: 0
78    adsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
79		- Default: 1
80    nonblock_open
81		- Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
82
83    For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
84    the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
85    to PCM #0 of the card #0.
86    For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
87    commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
88
89    nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
90    regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
91    opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
92    immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
93    
94  Module snd-rawmidi
95  ------------------
96
97    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
98    similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
99
100    midi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
101		- Default: 0
102    amidi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
103		- Default: 1
104
105  Common parameters for top sound card modules
106  --------------------------------------------
107
108    Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
109
110    index	- index (slot #) of sound card
111		- Values: 0 through 31 or negative
112		- If nonnegative, assign that index number
113                - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
114		  indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
115		- Default: -1
116    id		- card ID (identifier or name)
117		- Can be up to 15 characters long
118		- Default: the card type
119		- A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
120		  containing information about the card
121		- This ID can be used instead of the index number in
122		  identifying the card
123    enable  	- enable card
124		- Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
125
126  Module snd-adlib
127  ----------------
128
129    Module for AdLib FM cards.
130
131    port	- port # for OPL chip
132
133    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
134    the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
135    Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
136    synthesis.
137
138    Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
139    after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
140    number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
141
142      Port     Client name                       Port name
143      64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
144
145    Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
146
147      sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
148
149    If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
150    instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
151
152      aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
153
154  Module snd-ad1816a
155  ------------------
156
157    Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
158
159    clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
160    
161    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
162    
163  Module snd-ad1848
164  -----------------
165
166    Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
167
168    port	- port # for AD1848 chip
169    irq		- IRQ # for AD1848  chip
170    dma1	- DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
171    
172    This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
173    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
174    
175    The power-management is supported.
176
177  Module snd-ad1889
178  -----------------
179
180    Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
181
182    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
183                  See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
184
185    This module supports multiple cards.
186
187  Module snd-ali5451
188  ------------------
189
190    Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
191
192    pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
193    spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
194    		    - Default: disabled
195
196    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
197
198    The power-management is supported.
199
200  Module snd-als100
201  -----------------
202
203    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
204
205    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
206
207    The power-management is supported.
208
209  Module snd-als300
210  -----------------
211
212    Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
213
214    This module supports multiple cards.
215
216    The power-management is supported.
217
218  Module snd-als4000
219  ------------------
220
221    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
222
223    joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
224                    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
225    
226    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
227
228    The power-management is supported.
229
230  Module snd-asihpi
231  -----------------
232
233    Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
234
235    enable_hpi_hwdep	- enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
236
237    This module supports multiple cards.
238    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
239
240  Module snd-atiixp
241  -----------------
242
243    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
244
245    ac97_clock		- AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
246    ac97_quirk		- AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
247			  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
248    ac97_codec		- Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec 
249			  instead of probing.  If this works for you
250			  file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
251			  -2  -- Force probing.
252			  -1  -- Default behavior.
253			  0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
254    spdif_aclink	- S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
255
256    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
257
258    ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
259    over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
260    implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
261    choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
262
263    The power-management is supported.
264
265  Module snd-atiixp-modem
266  -----------------------
267
268    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
269
270    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
271
272    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
273          slot is excluded.
274
275    The power-management is supported.
276
277  Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
278  -----------------------------------------
279
280    Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
281
282    pcifix	- Control PCI workarounds
283		  0 = Disable all workarounds
284		  1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
285		  2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
286		      Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
287		  3 = Force both settings
288		  255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
289
290    This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
291    EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
292    Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
293    http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
294    SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
295    "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
296    The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and 
297    Advantage.
298
299    Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate 
300           control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
301           another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
302
303  Module snd-aw2
304  --------------
305
306    Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
307
308    This module supports multiple cards.
309
310  Module snd-azt2320
311  ------------------
312
313    Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
314
315    This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
316    
317    The power-management is supported.
318
319  Module snd-azt3328
320  ------------------
321
322    Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
323
324    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off)
325
326    This module supports multiple cards.
327
328  Module snd-bt87x
329  ----------------
330
331    Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
332
333    digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
334    load_all	- Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
335
336    This module supports multiple cards.
337
338    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
339          slot is excluded.
340
341  Module snd-ca0106
342  -----------------
343
344    Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
345
346    This module supports multiple cards.
347
348
349  Module snd-cmi8330
350  ------------------
351
352    Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
353
354    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
355
356    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
357
358    wssport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
359    wssirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
360    wssdma	- first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
361    sbport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
362    sbirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
363    sbdma8	- 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
364    sbdma16	- 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
365    fmport	- (optional) OPL3 I/O port
366    mpuport	- (optional) MPU401 I/O port
367    mpuirq	- (optional) MPU401 irq #
368
369    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
370
371    The power-management is supported.
372
373  Module snd-cmipci
374  -----------------
375
376    Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
377
378    mpu_port    - port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
379		  0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
380		  0 = disable (default)
381    fm_port     - port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
382		  0x388 = legacy port,
383		  1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
384		  0 = disable
385    soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
386                  (default = 1)
387    joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
388
389    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
390    
391    The power-management is supported.
392
393  Module snd-cs4231
394  -----------------
395
396    Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
397
398    port	- port # for CS4231 chip
399    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
400    irq		- IRQ # for CS4231 chip
401    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
402    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4231 chip
403    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4231 chip
404    
405    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
406    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
407
408    The power-management is supported.
409    
410  Module snd-cs4236
411  -----------------
412
413    Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
414    	       	     	   	   CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
415                                   CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
416
417    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
418
419    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
420
421    port	- port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
422    cport	- control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
423    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
424    fm_port	- FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
425    irq		- IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
426    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
427    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
428    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
429    
430    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
431    (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
432    specified!!! Other ports are optional.
433
434    The power-management is supported.
435
436    This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
437    snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
438
439  Module snd-cs4281
440  -----------------
441
442    Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
443
444    dual_codec	- Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
445
446    This module supports multiple cards.
447
448    The power-management is supported.
449
450  Module snd-cs46xx
451  -----------------
452
453    Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
454				       CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
455
456    external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
457    thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
458    mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
459
460    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
461    Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
462    from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
463    above explicitly.
464
465    The power-management is supported.
466
467  Module snd-cs5530
468  _________________
469
470    Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip. 
471  
472  Module snd-cs5535audio
473  ----------------------
474
475    Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
476
477    The power-management is supported.
478
479  Module snd-ctxfi
480  ----------------
481
482    Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
483	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
484	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
485	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
486	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
487	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
488	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
489	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
490	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
491	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
492
493    reference_rate	- reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
494    multiple		- multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
495    subsystem		- override the PCI SSID for probing; the value
496			  consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.  The default is
497			  zero, which means no override.
498
499    This module supports multiple cards.
500
501  Module snd-darla20
502  ------------------
503
504    Module for Echoaudio Darla20
505
506    This module supports multiple cards.
507    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
508
509  Module snd-darla24
510  ------------------
511
512    Module for Echoaudio Darla24
513
514    This module supports multiple cards.
515    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
516
517  Module snd-dt019x
518  -----------------
519
520    Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
521    only)
522
523    This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
524    ISA PnP support.
525
526    The power-management is supported.
527
528  Module snd-dummy
529  ----------------
530
531    Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
532    or input, but you may use this module for any application which
533    requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
534
535    pcm_devs       - Number of PCM devices assigned to each card
536                     (default = 1, up to 4)
537    pcm_substreams - Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM
538                     (default = 8, up to 128)
539    hrtimer        - Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
540    fake_buffer    - Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
541
542    When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
543    behavior to each PCM device:
544      0 = interleaved with mmap support
545      1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
546      2 = interleaved without mmap 
547      3 = non-interleaved without mmap
548
549    As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
550    but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
551    buffer pages, in order to save the resouces.  If your apps need
552    the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
553    option.
554
555    The power-management is supported.
556
557  Module snd-echo3g
558  -----------------
559
560    Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
561
562    This module supports multiple cards.
563    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
564
565  Module snd-emu10k1
566  ------------------
567
568    Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
569			* Sound Blaster Live!
570			* Sound Blaster PCI 512
571			* Emu APS (partially supported)
572			* Sound Blaster Audigy
573
574    extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
575    extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
576    seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
577    max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
578    max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
579                       given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
580    enable_ir - enable IR
581
582    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
583
584    Input & Output configurations 			[extin/extout]
585	* Creative Card wo/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f03]
586	* Creative Card w/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f0f]
587	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in			[0x000f/0x1f0f]
588	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
589	* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
590	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive	[0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
591	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
592	* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
593	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
594        * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fff]
595	* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003			[0x3fc3/0x7cff]
596        * Creative Card all ins and outs		[0x3fff/0x7fff]
597    
598    The power-management is supported.
599
600  Module snd-emu10k1x
601  -------------------
602
603    Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
604
605    This module supports multiple cards.
606
607  Module snd-ens1370
608  ------------------
609
610    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
611			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
612			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
613
614    joystick		- Enable joystick (default off)
615
616    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
617    
618    The power-management is supported.
619
620  Module snd-ens1371
621  ------------------
622
623    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
624			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
625			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
626			* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
627
628    joystick_port	- port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
629			  0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
630
631    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
632    
633    The power-management is supported.
634
635  Module snd-es1688
636  -----------------
637
638    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
639
640    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
641    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
642    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
643    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
644
645    with isapnp=0, the following additional options are available:
646    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
647    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
648    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
649
650    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
651    and PnP with the ES968 chip.
652
653  Module snd-es18xx
654  -----------------
655
656    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
657
658    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
659
660    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
661
662    port	- port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
663    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
664    fm_port	- port # for FM (optional, not used)
665    irq		- IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
666    dma1	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
667    dma2	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
668
669    This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
670    port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
671    When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
672
673    The power-management is supported.
674
675  Module snd-es1938
676  -----------------
677
678    Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
679
680    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
681
682    The power-management is supported.
683
684  Module snd-es1968
685  -----------------
686
687    Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
688
689    total_bufsize	- total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
690    pcm_substreams_p	- playback channels (1-8, default=2)
691    pcm_substreams_c	- capture channels (1-8, default=0)
692    clock		- clock (0 = auto-detection)
693    use_pm		- support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
694			  2 = auto (default))
695    enable_mpu		- enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
696    joystick		- enable joystick (default off)       
697
698    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
699
700    The power-management is supported.
701
702  Module snd-fm801
703  ----------------
704
705    Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
706
707    tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
708                          - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
709                          - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
710                          - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR  
711                          - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
712                          - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
713
714    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
715    
716    The power-management is supported.
717
718  Module snd-gina20
719  -----------------
720
721    Module for Echoaudio Gina20
722
723    This module supports multiple cards.
724    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
725
726  Module snd-gina24
727  -----------------
728
729    Module for Echoaudio Gina24
730
731    This module supports multiple cards.
732    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
733
734  Module snd-gusclassic
735  ---------------------
736
737    Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
738
739    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
740    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
741    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
742    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
743    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
744    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
745    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
746
747    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
748
749  Module snd-gusextreme
750  ---------------------
751
752    Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
753
754    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
755    gf1_port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
756    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
757    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
758    gf1_irq	- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
759    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
760    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
761    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
762    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
763    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
764    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
765
766    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
767
768  Module snd-gusmax
769  -----------------
770
771    Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
772
773    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
774    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
775    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
776    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
777    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
778    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
779    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
780
781    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
782    
783  Module snd-hda-intel
784  --------------------
785
786    Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
787			PCH, SCH),
788		ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
789			RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770,
790		VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
791		SIS966, ULI M5461
792
793    [Multiple options for each card instance]
794    model	- force the model name
795    position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = use LPIB, 2 = POSBUF)
796    probe_mask  - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
797    		  When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
798		  as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
799		  slots regardless what hardware reports back
800    probe_only	- Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
801		  Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
802    bdl_pos_adj	- Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
803		Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
804		value based on the controller chip.
805    patch	- Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio
806    		setup before initializing the codecs.  This option is
807		available only when CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y is set.
808		See HD-Audio.txt for details.
809    beep_mode	- Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on, 2=
810		dynamic registration via mute switch on/off); the default
811		value is set via CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE kconfig.
812    
813    [Single (global) options]
814    single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
815		codecs (for debugging only)
816    enable_msi	- Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
817    power_save	- Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
818		disable)
819    power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
820		(default = on)
821
822    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
823    
824    See Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt for more details about
825    HD-audio driver.
826
827    Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
828    If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
829    configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
830    specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
831    models depending on the codec chip.  The list of available models
832    is found in HD-Audio-Models.txt
833
834    The model name "genric" is treated as a special case.  When this
835    model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
836    "codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
837
838    If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
839    matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
840    output (with --no-upload option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
841    ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
842
843    power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving
844    mode.  See powersave.txt for details.
845
846    Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
847	    position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
848	    register value without FIFO size correction as the current
849	    DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
850	    the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
851	    (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
852	    position buffer.)
853
854    NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
855    loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
856    routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
857    can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
858    communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
859    single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
860    single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
861    unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
862    from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
863    avoided as much as possible...
864    
865    MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
866    On some hardwares, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
867    to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
868    This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
869    (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
870    bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
871    CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE, or simply from the file name of the codec
872    proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
873    For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
874    probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.
875
876    The power-management is supported.
877
878  Module snd-hdsp
879  ---------------
880
881    Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
882
883    This module supports multiple cards.
884
885    Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
886          when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
887          the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
888          package.
889          The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
890
891    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
892          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
893          when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
894          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
895          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
896	  section.
897
898  Module snd-hdspm
899  ----------------
900
901    Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
902
903    precise_ptr		- Enable precise pointer, or disable.
904    line_outs_monitor	- Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
905    enable_monitor	- Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
906
907    See hdspm.txt for details.
908
909  Module snd-hifier
910  -----------------
911
912    Module for the MediaTek/TempoTec HiFier Fantasia sound card.
913
914    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
915
916  Module snd-ice1712
917  ------------------
918
919    Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
920			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
921			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
922			* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
923			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
924			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
925			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
926			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
927                        * TerraTec EWS 88MT
928                        * TerraTec EWS 88D
929                        * TerraTec EWX 24/96
930                        * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
931			* TerraTec Phase 88
932                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
933                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
934                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
935			* Event Electronics, EZ8
936                        * Digigram VX442
937			* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
938			* Terrasoniq TS 88
939
940    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
941		  delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
942		  delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
943		  dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
944		  phase88, mediastation
945    omni	- Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
946    cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
947                     in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
948
949    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
950    is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
951    serie).
952
953    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
954	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
955	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
956	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
957	  type for testing.
958
959  Module snd-ice1724
960  ------------------
961
962    Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
963			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
964			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
965			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
966			* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
967			* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
968			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
969			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
970			* TerraTec Phase 22
971			* TerraTec Phase 28
972			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
973			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
974			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
975			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
976			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
977			* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
978			* Pontis MS300
979			* Albatron K8X800 Pro II 
980			* Chaintech ZNF3-150
981			* Chaintech ZNF3-250
982			* Chaintech 9CJS
983			* Chaintech AV-710
984			* Shuttle SN25P
985			* Onkyo SE-90PCI
986			* Onkyo SE-200PCI
987			* ESI Juli@
988			* ESI Maya44
989			* Hercules Fortissimo IV
990			* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
991
992    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
993		  revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
994		  prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
995		  juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
996		  phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
997		  fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
998
999    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1000
1001    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1002	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1003	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1004	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1005	  type for testing.
1006
1007  Module snd-indigo
1008  -----------------
1009
1010    Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1011
1012    This module supports multiple cards.
1013    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1014
1015  Module snd-indigodj
1016  -------------------
1017
1018    Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1019
1020    This module supports multiple cards.
1021    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1022
1023  Module snd-indigoio
1024  -------------------
1025
1026    Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1027
1028    This module supports multiple cards.
1029    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1030
1031  Module snd-intel8x0
1032  -------------------
1033
1034    Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1035			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1036				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, 6300ESB, ESB2
1037			* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1038			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1039				 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1040			* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1041			* ALi m5455
1042
1043    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1044    ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1045		    See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1046    buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1047                    motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1048		    otherwise off)
1049    buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1050		    semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1051		    (default off)
1052    spdif_aclink  - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
1053		    from the controller chip
1054		    (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1055
1056    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1057
1058    Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1059    if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1060    explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1061
1062    Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1063    motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1064    modules, respectively.
1065
1066    The power-management is supported.
1067    
1068  Module snd-intel8x0m
1069  --------------------
1070
1071    Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1072			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1073				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1074			* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1075			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1076			* AMD AMD8111
1077			* ALi m5455
1078
1079    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1080
1081    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1082
1083    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1084          slot is excluded.
1085
1086    The power-management is supported.
1087
1088  Module snd-interwave
1089  --------------------
1090
1091    Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1092    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1093  
1094    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1095    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1096    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1097    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1098                  requires 8 voices
1099    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1100
1101    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1102
1103    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1104    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1105    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1106    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1107
1108    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1109
1110  Module snd-interwave-stb
1111  ------------------------
1112
1113    Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1114    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1115    circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1116  
1117    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1118    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1119    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1120    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1121                  requires 8 voices
1122    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1123
1124    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1125
1126    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1127    port_tc	- tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1128    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1129    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1130    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1131
1132    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1133
1134  Module snd-jazz16
1135  -------------------
1136
1137    Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1138    MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1139
1140    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1141    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1142    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1143    dma16	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1144    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1145    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1146
1147    This module supports multiple cards.
1148
1149  Module snd-korg1212
1150  -------------------
1151
1152    Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1153
1154    This module supports multiple cards.
1155
1156  Module snd-layla20
1157  ------------------
1158
1159    Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1160
1161    This module supports multiple cards.
1162    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1163
1164  Module snd-layla24
1165  ------------------
1166
1167    Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1168
1169    This module supports multiple cards.
1170    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1171
1172  Module snd-lx6464es
1173  -------------------
1174
1175    Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1176
1177    This module supports multiple cards.
1178
1179  Module snd-maestro3
1180  -------------------
1181
1182    Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1183
1184    external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1185    amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1186                       -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1187                       others) 
1188
1189    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1190
1191    Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1192    If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1193    specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option. 
1194    For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1195    option.
1196
1197    The power-management is supported.
1198
1199  Module snd-mia
1200  ---------------
1201
1202    Module for Echoaudio Mia
1203
1204    This module supports multiple cards.
1205    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1206
1207  Module snd-miro
1208  ---------------
1209
1210    Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, 
1211				miroSOUND PCM 12,
1212				miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1213
1214    port	- Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1215    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1216    dma1	- 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1217    dma2	- 2nd dma # (0,1)
1218    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1219    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1220    fm_port	- FM Port # (0x388)
1221    wss		- enable WSS mode
1222    ide		- enable onboard ide support
1223
1224  Module snd-mixart
1225  -----------------
1226
1227    Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1228
1229    This module supports multiple cards.
1230    Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1231          See MIXART.txt for details.
1232
1233    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1234    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1235    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1236    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1237    firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1238
1239  Module snd-mona
1240  ---------------
1241
1242    Module for Echoaudio Mona
1243
1244    This module supports multiple cards.
1245    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1246
1247  Module snd-mpu401
1248  -----------------
1249
1250    Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1251
1252    port	- port number or -1 (disable)
1253    irq		- IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1254    pnp		- PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1255
1256    This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1257    
1258  Module snd-msnd-classic
1259  -----------------------
1260
1261    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1262    soundcards.
1263
1264    io		- Port # for msnd-classic card
1265    irq		- IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1266    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1267		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1268    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1269    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1270    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1271    digital	- Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1272    cfg		- Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1273    reset	- Reset all devices
1274    mpu_io	- MPU401 I/O port
1275    mpu_irq	- MPU401 irq#
1276    ide_io0	- IDE port #0
1277    ide_io1	- IDE port #1
1278    ide_irq	- IDE irq#
1279    joystick_io	- Joystick I/O port
1280
1281    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/msndinit.bin" and
1282    "turtlebeach/msndperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1283
1284    See Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound for important information
1285    about this driver.  Note that it has been discontinued, but the 
1286    Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1287    at
1288	http://www.turtlebeach.com
1289
1290  Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1291  ------------------------
1292
1293    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1294
1295    io		- Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1296    irq		- IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1297    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1298		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1299    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1300    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1301    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1302
1303    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/pndspini.bin" and
1304    "turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1305
1306  Module snd-mtpav
1307  ----------------
1308
1309    Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1310    port).
1311
1312    port	- I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1313    irq		- IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1314    hwports	- number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1315    
1316    Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1317
1318  Module snd-mts64
1319  ----------------
1320
1321    Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1322
1323    This module supports multiple devices.
1324    Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1325
1326  Module snd-nm256
1327  ----------------
1328
1329    Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1330
1331    playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1332    capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1333    force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1334    buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
1335    use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1336    vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1337    reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1338    reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1339		      other laptops
1340
1341    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1342
1343    The power-management is supported.
1344
1345    Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1346    automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1347    In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1348    the buffer_top option.
1349    For example,
1350      Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1351      Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1352    The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1353    to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1354    case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1355    works!
1356
1357    Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1358    codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1359    with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1360    even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1361    other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1362    but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1363    and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1364
1365    Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1366    known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1367    workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1368    hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1369
1370    Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1371    AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1372    turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1373    previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1374
1375    Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1376    OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1377    The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1378    X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1379    the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1380    you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1381    problem.
1382
1383  Module snd-opl3sa2
1384  ------------------
1385
1386    Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1387
1388    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1389
1390    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1391
1392    port	- control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1393    sb_port	- SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1394    wss_port	- WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1395    midi_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1396    fm_port	- FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1397    irq		- IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1398    dma1	- first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1399    dma2	- second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1400    
1401    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1402    autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1403    
1404    The power-management is supported.
1405
1406  Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1407  -------------------------
1408
1409    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1410    Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1411    
1412    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1413
1414    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1415
1416    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1417    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1418    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1419    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1420    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1421    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1422
1423    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1424
1425  Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1426  -------------------------
1427
1428    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1429    
1430    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1431
1432    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1433
1434    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1435    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1436    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1437    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1438    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1439    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1440    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1441
1442    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1443
1444  Module snd-opti93x
1445  ------------------
1446
1447    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1448    
1449    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1450
1451    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1452
1453    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1454    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1455    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1456    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1457    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1458    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1459    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1460
1461    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1462
1463  Module snd-oxygen
1464  -----------------
1465
1466    Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8788 chip:
1467    * Asound A-8788
1468    * AuzenTech X-Meridian
1469    * Bgears b-Enspirer
1470    * Club3D Theatron DTS
1471    * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1472    * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1473    * Razer Barracuda AC-1
1474    * Sondigo Inferno
1475
1476    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1477
1478  Module snd-pcsp
1479  -----------------
1480
1481    Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1482
1483    nopcm	- Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1484    nforce_wa	- enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1485
1486    This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1487    even a few mixer controls.
1488
1489  Module snd-pcxhr
1490  ----------------
1491
1492    Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1493
1494    This module supports multiple cards.
1495
1496  Module snd-portman2x4
1497  ---------------------
1498
1499    Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1500
1501    This module supports multiple cards.
1502
1503  Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1504  ---------------------------------
1505
1506    Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1507
1508    enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1509
1510    Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1511
1512    Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1513
1514    The power-management is supported.
1515
1516  Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1517  ------------------------------------
1518
1519    Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1520
1521    For ARM architecture only.
1522
1523    The power-management is supported.
1524
1525  Module snd-riptide
1526  ------------------
1527
1528    Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1529
1530      joystick_port	- Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1531      mpu_port		- MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1532      opl3_port		- OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1533
1534    This module supports multiple cards.
1535    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1536    You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1537    firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1538
1539  Module snd-rme32
1540  ----------------
1541
1542    Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32, 
1543    Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1544
1545    This module supports multiple cards.
1546
1547  Module snd-rme96
1548  ----------------
1549
1550    Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1551
1552    This module supports multiple cards.
1553
1554  Module snd-rme9652
1555  ------------------
1556
1557    Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1558
1559    precise_ptr	- Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1560		  (default = 0)
1561
1562    This module supports multiple cards.
1563
1564    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1565          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1566          when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1567          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1568          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1569	  section.
1570
1571  Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1572  ---------------------------------------
1573
1574    Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1575
1576    Module supports only one card.
1577    Module has no enable and index options.
1578
1579    The power-management is supported.
1580
1581  Module snd-sb8
1582  --------------
1583
1584    Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1585					 SoundBlaster 2.0,
1586					 SoundBlaster Pro
1587
1588    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1589    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1590    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1591
1592    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1593    
1594    The power-management is supported.
1595
1596  Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1597  -----------------------------
1598
1599    Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1600					  SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1601					  SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1602
1603    mic_agc	- Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1604    csp		- ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1605    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1606
1607    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1608
1609    port	- port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1610    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1611    awe_port	- base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1612                   (snd-sbawe module only)
1613    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1614    dma8	- 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1615    dma16	- 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1616    
1617    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1618
1619    Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1620          disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1621          Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1622          half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1623          16-bit DMA channel.
1624    
1625    The power-management is supported.
1626
1627  Module snd-sc6000
1628  -----------------
1629
1630    Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600
1631    and SC-7000.
1632
1633    port	- Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
1634    mss_port	- MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
1635    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1636    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
1637    dma		- DMA # (1,3,0)
1638    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1639
1640    This module supports multiple cards.
1641
1642    This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
1643
1644  Module snd-sgalaxy
1645  ------------------
1646
1647    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
1648
1649    sbport	- Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
1650    wssport	- Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1651    irq		- IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
1652    dma1	- DMA #
1653
1654    This module supports multiple cards.
1655
1656    The power-management is supported.
1657
1658  Module snd-sscape
1659  -----------------
1660
1661    Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
1662
1663    port	- Port # (PnP setup)
1664    wss_port	- WSS Port # (PnP setup)
1665    irq		- IRQ # (PnP setup)
1666    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1667    dma		- DMA # (PnP setup)
1668    dma2	- 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
1669    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1670
1671    This module supports multiple cards.
1672
1673    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1674
1675  Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1676  --------------------------------------
1677
1678    Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1679
1680    This module supports multiple cards.
1681
1682  Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1683  -------------------------------------
1684
1685    Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1686
1687    This module supports multiple cards.
1688
1689  Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1690  -----------------------------------
1691
1692    Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1693
1694    This module supports multiple cards.
1695
1696  Module snd-wavefront
1697  --------------------
1698
1699    Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1700
1701    use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1702                      (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1703    isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1704
1705    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1706
1707    cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1708    cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1709    cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1710    cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1711    ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
1712    ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
1713    fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
1714    dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1715    dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1716
1717    The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
1718    wf_raw	    - Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no)
1719	If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
1720	ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
1721    fx_raw	    - Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes)
1722	If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
1723	when the driver is loaded.  The default is to download the
1724	microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
1725	"default" operation, whatever that means.
1726    debug_default   - Debug parameters for card initialization
1727    wait_usecs	    - How long to wait without sleeping, usecs
1728		      (default:150)
1729	This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
1730	based on my limited experimentation. 
1731	If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
1732	my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
1733	to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
1734	without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
1735	CPU. 
1736	Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
1737	waits, only about 250 result in a sleep. 
1738    sleep_interval  - How long to sleep when waiting for reply
1739		      (default: 100)
1740    sleep_tries	    - How many times to try sleeping during a wait
1741		      (default: 50)
1742    ospath	    - Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware
1743		      (default:wavefront.os)
1744	The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware.  In the recent
1745	version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
1746	must be installed in the proper path, typically,
1747	/lib/firmware.
1748    reset_time	    - How long to wait for a reset to take effect
1749		      (default:2)
1750    ramcheck_time   - How many seconds to wait for the RAM test
1751		      (default:20)
1752    osrun_time	    - How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS
1753		      (default:10)
1754
1755    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1756
1757    Note: the firmware file "wavefront.os" was located in the earlier
1758          version in /etc.  Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
1759	  must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
1760	  Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
1761	  regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
1762
1763  Module snd-sonicvibes
1764  ---------------------
1765
1766    Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1767			* PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1768
1769    reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1770                  - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1771    mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1772    
1773    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1774
1775  Module snd-serial-u16550
1776  ------------------------
1777
1778    Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1779
1780    port	- port # for UART16550A chip
1781    irq		- IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1782    speed	- speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1783		  38400 = default
1784    base	- base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1785		  115200 = default
1786    outs	- number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1787		  1 = default
1788    adaptor	- Type of adaptor.
1789                  0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1790		  3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1791    
1792    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1793    thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1794
1795  Module snd-trident
1796  ------------------
1797
1798    Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1799			* Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1800			* HIS  4DWave PCI
1801			* Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1802			* AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
1803			* Addonics  SV 750
1804			* CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
1805			* Shark  Predator4D-PCI
1806			* Jaton  SonicWave 4D
1807			* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
1808			* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
1809
1810    pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1811    wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1812
1813    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1814
1815    The power-management is supported.
1816
1817  Module snd-ua101
1818  ----------------
1819
1820    Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
1821
1822    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1823
1824  Module snd-usb-audio
1825  --------------------
1826
1827    Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1828
1829    vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1830    pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
1831    nrpacks	    - Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
1832    async_unlink    - Use async unlink mode (default: yes)
1833    device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
1834                    - Influence depends on the device
1835                    - Default: 0x0000 
1836    ignore_ctl_error - Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer
1837    		       interface (default: no)
1838
1839    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1840
1841    NB: nrpacks parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
1842        Don't put the value over 20.  Changing via sysfs has no sanity
1843	check.
1844    NB: async_unlink=0 would cause Oops.  It remains just for
1845        debugging purpose (if any).
1846    NB: ignore_ctl_error=1 may help when you get an error at accessing
1847        the mixer element such as URB error -22.  This happens on some
1848        buggy USB device or the controller.
1849
1850  Module snd-usb-caiaq
1851  --------------------
1852
1853    Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
1854	    * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
1855	    * Native Instruments Kore Controller
1856	    * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
1857	    * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
1858
1859    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1860
1861  Module snd-usb-usx2y
1862  --------------------
1863
1864    Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1865
1866    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1867
1868    Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1869          in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1870
1871  Module snd-via82xx
1872  ------------------
1873
1874    Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1875    8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1876
1877    mpu_port	- 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1878		  [VIA686A/686B only]
1879    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1880    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1881    dxs_support	- support DXS channels,
1882		  0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1883		  3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1884		  rate and different sample rates on different
1885		  channels
1886		  [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1887    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1888		  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1889
1890    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1891
1892    Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1893          not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
1894          set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1895          default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
1896          assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1897    
1898    Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1899	  channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
1900	  streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1901	  can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1902	  each channel.
1903	  As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1904	  except for the known devices since the output is often
1905	  noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1906	  bug of BIOS.
1907	  Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1908	  sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1909	  know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1910	  "lspci -nv").
1911	  If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1912	  doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
1913	  usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
1914	  board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
1915	  work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1916	  right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1917	  try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1918	  In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1919	  subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
1920	  below.
1921
1922    Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1923	  additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1924
1925    The power-management is supported.
1926
1927  Module snd-via82xx-modem
1928  ------------------------
1929
1930    Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1931
1932    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1933
1934    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1935
1936    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1937          slot is excluded.
1938
1939    The power-management is supported.
1940
1941  Module snd-virmidi
1942  ------------------
1943
1944    Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
1945    This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
1946    to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
1947
1948    midi_devs	- MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
1949    
1950    This module supports multiple cards.
1951
1952  Module snd-virtuoso
1953  -------------------
1954
1955    Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV100/AV200 chips,
1956    i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), Essence ST
1957    (Deluxe) and Essence STX.
1958
1959    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1960
1961  Module snd-vx222
1962  ----------------
1963
1964    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
1965
1966    mic		- Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
1967    ibl		- Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1968
1969    This module supports multiple cards.
1970
1971    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1972    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1973    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1974    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1975    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
1976    vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
1977
1978	install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
1979
1980    (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
1981     /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
1982    IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
1983    gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
1984    The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
1985    size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
1986    /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
1987
1988    The power-management is supported.
1989
1990  Module snd-vxpocket
1991  -------------------
1992
1993    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
1994
1995    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1996
1997    This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
1998    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
1999
2000    With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
2001    manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
2002    sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
2003    longer require a config file.
2004
2005    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2006    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2007    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2008    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2009    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2010
2011    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2012
2013    Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2014           ALSA 1.0.10.
2015
2016    The power-management is supported.
2017
2018  Module snd-ymfpci
2019  -----------------
2020
2021    Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2022
2023    mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2024                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2025    fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2026                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2027    joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2028                    1 (auto-detect)
2029    rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2030
2031    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2032
2033    The power-management is supported.
2034
2035  Module snd-pdaudiocf
2036  --------------------
2037
2038    Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2039
2040    The power-management is supported.
2041
2042
2043AC97 Quirk Option
2044=================
2045
2046The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2047specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2048snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2049and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2050specifications from version to version :-)
2051
2052The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2053but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
2054the proper value with this option.
2055
2056The following strings are accepted:
2057    - default	Don't override the default setting
2058    - none	Disable the quirk
2059    - hp_only	Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2060    - swap_hp	Swap headphone and master controls
2061    - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
2062    - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2063    - alc_jack	For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2064    - inv_eapd	Inverted EAPD implementation
2065    - mute_led	Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2066
2067For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
2068... are  accepted, too.
2069
2070For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
2071but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2072
2073
2074Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2075============================
2076
2077When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2078supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
2079If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2080For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
2081together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2082
2083When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2084will be not built in.
2085
2086
2087Module Autoloading Support
2088==========================
2089
2090The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2091module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
2092devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
2093
2094To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2095'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
2096corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
2097as the same card module.
2098
2099An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2100----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2101alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2102alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2103----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2104
2105The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2106option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
2107To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2108sound cards in that option.
2109
2110When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2111number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2112cards is kept consistent.
2113
2114An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2115
2116----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2117# ALSA portion
2118options snd cards_limit=2
2119alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2120alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2121options snd-interwave index=0
2122options snd-ens1371 index=1
2123# OSS/Free portion
2124alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2125alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2126----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2127
2128In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2129(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2130
2131Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2132"slots" option of snd module.  In the case above, specify like the
2133following: 
2134
2135options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2136
2137Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2138the second (#1) for snd-ens1371.  You can omit index option in each
2139driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2140the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2141
2142The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2143hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict.  For example, in the
2144case above again, the first two slots are already reserved.  If any
2145other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2146snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2147
2148When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2149modules but that name.  For example, "slots=!snd-pcsp" will reserve
2150the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp. 
2151
2152
2153ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2154=======================================
2155
2156/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2157/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
2158/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
2159/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
2160/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
2161/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
2162/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
2163/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
2164/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
2165
2166The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
2167sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
2168have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2169playback, respectively.
2170
2171Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2172options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2173
2174
2175Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2176==============================
2177
2178/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2179-------------------------------
2180  String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
2181  String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
2182
2183   <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2184   <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
2185   <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2186   <options> - optional parameters
2187	  - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
2188		      this channel but does not want to use it.
2189		      (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2190		      It's good for Quake etc...
2191	  - direct    don't use plugins
2192	  - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
2193	  - non-block force non-block mode
2194	  - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2195			playback only)
2196	  - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2197	  - buggy-ptr	Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2198			instead of filled blocks
2199
2200  Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2201           echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2202	   echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2203
2204
2205Early Buffer Allocation
2206=======================
2207
2208Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2209sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2210actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
2211PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2212proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2213/etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
2214
2215Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2216usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
2217commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2218
2219  - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2220
2221    VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
2222    integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2223    MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
2224    SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
2225    k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
2226    BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
2227    than 0.  The max number is 4.
2228
2229  - erase
2230
2231    This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2232    use.
2233
2234
2235Links and Addresses
2236===================
2237
2238  ALSA project homepage
2239       http://www.alsa-project.org
2240
2241  Kernel Bugzilla
2242       http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2243
2244  ALSA Developers ML
2245       mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2246
2247  alsa-info.sh script
2248       http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
2249