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12
13
14<H1><A NAME="SEC319" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC319">C  Licenses</A></H1>
15<P>
16<A NAME="IDX1229"></A>
17
18</P>
19<P>
20The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each
21particular file or directory.  Here is a summary:
22
23</P>
24
25<UL>
26<LI>
27
28The <CODE>libintl</CODE> and <CODE>libasprintf</CODE> libraries are covered by the
29GNU Library General Public License (LGPL).  
30A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC323">C.2  GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>.
31
32<LI>
33
34The executable programs of this package and the <CODE>libgettextpo</CODE> library
35are covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL).
36A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC320">C.1  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>.
37
38<LI>
39
40This manual is free documentation.  It is dually licensed under the
41GNU FDL and the GNU GPL.  This means that you can redistribute this
42manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice.
43<BR>
44This manual is covered by the GNU FDL.  Permission is granted to copy,
45distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
46GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the
47License, or (at your option) any later version published by the
48Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no
49Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
50A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC326">C.3  GNU Free Documentation License</A>.
51<BR>
52This manual is covered by the GNU GPL.  You can redistribute it and/or
53modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either
54version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published
55by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
56A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC320">C.1  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>.
57</UL>
58
59
60
61<H2><A NAME="SEC320" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC320">C.1  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
62<P>
63<A NAME="IDX1230"></A>
64<A NAME="IDX1231"></A>
65Version 2, June 1991
66
67</P>
68
69
70<PRE>
71Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7251 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
73
74Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
75of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
76</PRE>
77
78
79
80<H3><A NAME="SEC321" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC321">Preamble</A></H3>
81
82<P>
83  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
84freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
85License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
86software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
87General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
88Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
89using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
90the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
91your programs, too.
92
93</P>
94<P>
95  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
96price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
97have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
98this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
99if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
100in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
101
102</P>
103<P>
104  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
105anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
106These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
107distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
108
109</P>
110<P>
111  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
112gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
113you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
114source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
115rights.
116
117</P>
118<P>
119  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
120(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
121distribute and/or modify the software.
122
123</P>
124<P>
125  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
126that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
127software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
128want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
129that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
130authors' reputations.
131
132</P>
133<P>
134  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
135patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
136program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
137program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
138patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
139
140</P>
141<P>
142  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
143modification follow.
144
145</P>
146
147
148<OL>
149<LI>
150
151This License applies to any program or other work which contains
152a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
153under the terms of this General Public License.  The ���Program���, below,
154refers to any such program or work, and a ���work based on the Program���
155means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
156that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
157either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
158language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
159the term ���modification���.)  Each licensee is addressed as ���you���.
160
161Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
162covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
163running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
164is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
165Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
166Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
167
168<LI>
169
170You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
171source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
172conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
173copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
174notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
175and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
176along with the Program.
177
178You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
179you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
180
181<LI>
182
183You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
184of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
185distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
186above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
187
188
189<OL>
190<LI>
191
192You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
193stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
194
195<LI>
196
197You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
198whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
199part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
200parties under the terms of this License.
201
202<LI>
203
204If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
205when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
206interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
207announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
208notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
209a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
210these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
211License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
212does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
213the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
214</OL>
215
216These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
217identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
218and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
219themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
220sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
221distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
222on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
223this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
224entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
225
226Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
227your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
228exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
229collective works based on the Program.
230
231In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
232with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
233a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
234the scope of this License.
235
236<LI>
237
238You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
239under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
240Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
241
242
243<OL>
244<LI>
245
246Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
247source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
2481 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
249
250<LI>
251
252Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
253years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
254cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
255machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
256distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
257customarily used for software interchange; or,
258
259<LI>
260
261Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
262to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
263allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
264received the program in object code or executable form with such
265an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
266</OL>
267
268The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
269making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
270code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
271associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
272control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
273special exception, the source code distributed need not include
274anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
275form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
276operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
277itself accompanies the executable.
278
279If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
280access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
281access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
282distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
283compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
284
285<LI>
286
287You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
288except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
289otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
290void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
291However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
292this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
293parties remain in full compliance.
294
295<LI>
296
297You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
298signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
299distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
300prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
301modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
302Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
303all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
304the Program or works based on it.
305
306<LI>
307
308Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
309Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
310original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
311these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
312restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
313You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
314this License.
315
316<LI>
317
318If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
319infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
320conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
321otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
322excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
323distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
324License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
325may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
326license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
327all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
328the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
329refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
330
331If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
332any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
333apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
334circumstances.
335
336It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
337patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
338such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
339integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
340implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
341generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
342through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
343system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
344to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
345impose that choice.
346
347This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
348be a consequence of the rest of this License.
349
350<LI>
351
352If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
353certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
354original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
355may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
356those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
357countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
358the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
359
360<LI>
361
362The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
363of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
364be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
365address new problems or concerns.
366
367Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
368specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ���any
369later version���, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
370either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
371Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
372this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
373Foundation.
374
375<LI>
376
377If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
378programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
379to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
380Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
381make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
382of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
383of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
384
385<LI>
386
387BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
388FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
389OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
390PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ���AS IS��� WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
391OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
392MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
393TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
394PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
395REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
396
397<LI>
398
399IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
400WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
401REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
402INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
403OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
404TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
405YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
406PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
407POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
408</OL>
409
410
411
412<H3><A NAME="SEC322" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC322">Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A></H3>
413
414<P>
415  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
416possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
417free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
418
419</P>
420<P>
421  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
422to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
423convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
424the ���copyright��� line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
425
426</P>
427
428<PRE>
429<VAR>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</VAR>
430Copyright (C) <VAR>yyyy</VAR>  <VAR>name of author</VAR>
431
432This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
433it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
434the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
435(at your option) any later version.
436
437This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
438but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
439MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
440GNU General Public License for more details.
441
442You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
443along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
444Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
445</PRE>
446
447<P>
448Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
449
450</P>
451<P>
452If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
453when it starts in an interactive mode:
454
455</P>
456
457<PRE>
458Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19<VAR>yy</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR>
459Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
460This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
461under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
462</PRE>
463
464<P>
465The hypothetical commands <SAMP>&lsquo;show w&rsquo;</SAMP> and <SAMP>&lsquo;show c&rsquo;</SAMP> should show
466the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
467commands you use may be called something other than <SAMP>&lsquo;show w&rsquo;</SAMP> and
468<SAMP>&lsquo;show c&rsquo;</SAMP>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
469suits your program.
470
471</P>
472<P>
473You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
474school, if any, to sign a ���copyright disclaimer��� for the program, if
475necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
476
477</P>
478
479<PRE>
480Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
481`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
482
483<VAR>signature of Ty Coon</VAR>, 1 April 1989
484Ty Coon, President of Vice
485</PRE>
486
487<P>
488This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
489proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
490consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
491library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
492Public License instead of this License.
493
494
495<H2><A NAME="SEC323" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC323">C.2  GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
496<P>
497<A NAME="IDX1232"></A>
498<A NAME="IDX1233"></A>
499Version 2.1, February 1999
500
501</P>
502
503<PRE>
504Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
50551 Franklin St -- Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
506
507Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
508of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
509
510[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts
511as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
512version number 2.1.]
513</PRE>
514
515
516
517<H3><A NAME="SEC324" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC324">Preamble</A></H3>
518
519<P>
520  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
521freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
522Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
523free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
524
525</P>
526<P>
527  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
528specially designated software--typically libraries--of the Free
529Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You can use
530it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this
531license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to
532use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
533
534</P>
535<P>
536  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
537not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
538you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
539for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
540it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it
541in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these
542things.
543
544</P>
545<P>
546  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
547distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
548rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
549you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
550
551</P>
552<P>
553  For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
554or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
555you.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
556code.  If you link other code with the library, you must provide
557complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
558with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
559it.  And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
560
561</P>
562<P>
563  We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
564library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
565permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
566
567</P>
568<P>
569  To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
570there is no warranty for the free library.  Also, if the library is
571modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
572that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
573author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
574introduced by others.
575
576</P>
577<P>
578  Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
579any free program.  We wish to make sure that a company cannot
580effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
581restrictive license from a patent holder.  Therefore, we insist that
582any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
583consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
584
585</P>
586<P>
587  Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
588ordinary GNU General Public License.  This license, the GNU Lesser
589General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
590is quite different from the ordinary General Public License.  We use
591this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
592libraries into non-free programs.
593
594</P>
595<P>
596  When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
597a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
598combined work, a derivative of the original library.  The ordinary
599General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
600entire combination fits its criteria of freedom.  The Lesser General
601Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
602the library.
603
604</P>
605<P>
606  We call this license the <EM>Lesser</EM> General Public License because it
607does <EM>Less</EM> to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
608Public License.  It also provides other free software developers Less
609of an advantage over competing non-free programs.  These disadvantages
610are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
611libraries.  However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
612special circumstances.
613
614</P>
615<P>
616  For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
617encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
618a de-facto standard.  To achieve this, non-free programs must be
619allowed to use the library.  A more frequent case is that a free
620library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries.  In this
621case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
622software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
623
624</P>
625<P>
626  In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
627programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
628free software.  For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
629non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
630operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
631system.
632
633</P>
634<P>
635  Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
636users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
637linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
638that program using a modified version of the Library.
639
640</P>
641<P>
642  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
643modification follow.  Pay close attention to the difference between a
644���work based on the library��� and a ���work that uses the library���.  The
645former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
646be combined with the library in order to run.
647
648</P>
649
650
651<OL>
652<LI>
653
654This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program
655which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other
656authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
657Lesser General Public License (also called ���this License���).  Each
658licensee is addressed as ���you���.
659
660  A ���library��� means a collection of software functions and/or data
661prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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1058<H3><A NAME="SEC325" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC325">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries</A></H3>
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1281visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
1282Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
1283the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
1284as verbatim copying in other respects.
1285
1286If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
1287legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
1288reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
1289pages.
1290
1291If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
1292more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
1293copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
1294a computer-network location from which the general network-using
1295public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
1296a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
1297If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
1298when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
1299that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
1300location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
1301Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
1302edition to the public.
1303
1304It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
1305Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
1306them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
1307
1308<LI>
1309
1310MODIFICATIONS
1311
1312You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
1313the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
1314the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
1315Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
1316and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
1317of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
1318
1319
1320<OL>
1321<LI>
1322
1323Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
1324from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
1325(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
1326of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
1327if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
1328
1329<LI>
1330
1331List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
1332responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
1333Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
1334Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
1335unless they release you from this requirement.
1336
1337<LI>
1338
1339State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
1340Modified Version, as the publisher.
1341
1342<LI>
1343
1344Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
1345
1346<LI>
1347
1348Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
1349adjacent to the other copyright notices.
1350
1351<LI>
1352
1353Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
1354giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
1355terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
1356
1357<LI>
1358
1359Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
1360and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
1361
1362<LI>
1363
1364Include an unaltered copy of this License.
1365
1366<LI>
1367
1368Preserve the section Entitled ���History���, Preserve its Title, and add
1369to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
1370publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
1371there is no section Entitled ���History��� in the Document, create one
1372stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
1373given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
1374Version as stated in the previous sentence.
1375
1376<LI>
1377
1378Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
1379public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
1380the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
1381it was based on.  These may be placed in the ���History��� section.
1382You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
1383least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
1384publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
1385
1386<LI>
1387
1388For any section Entitled ���Acknowledgements��� or ���Dedications���, Preserve
1389the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
1390substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
1391dedications given therein.
1392
1393<LI>
1394
1395Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
1396unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
1397or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1398
1399<LI>
1400
1401Delete any section Entitled ���Endorsements���.  Such a section
1402may not be included in the Modified Version.
1403
1404<LI>
1405
1406Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ���Endorsements��� or
1407to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
1408
1409<LI>
1410
1411Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1412</OL>
1413
1414If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1415appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
1416copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
1417of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
1418list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
1419These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
1420
1421You may add a section Entitled ���Endorsements���, provided it contains
1422nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1423parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
1424been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
1425standard.
1426
1427You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
1428passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
1429of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
1430Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1431through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
1432includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
1433by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
1434you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
1435permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
1436
1437The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
1438give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
1439imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1440
1441<LI>
1442
1443COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1444
1445You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
1446License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
1447versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
1448Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
1449list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
1450license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
1451
1452The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1453multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1454copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
1455different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
1456adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
1457author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
1458Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
1459Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
1460
1461In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ���History���
1462in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
1463���History���; likewise combine any sections Entitled ���Acknowledgements���,
1464and any sections Entitled ���Dedications���.  You must delete all
1465sections Entitled ���Endorsements.���
1466
1467<LI>
1468
1469COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1470
1471You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
1472released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
1473License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
1474the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
1475verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
1476
1477You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
1478it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
1479License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
1480other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
1481
1482<LI>
1483
1484AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1485
1486A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
1487and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
1488distribution medium, is called an ���aggregate��� if the copyright
1489resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
1490of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
1491When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
1492apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
1493derivative works of the Document.
1494
1495If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1496copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
1497the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
1498covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1499electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
1500Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
1501aggregate.
1502
1503<LI>
1504
1505TRANSLATION
1506
1507Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1508distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
1509Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1510permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1511translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1512original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
1513translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1514Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
1515the original English version of this License and the original versions
1516of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
1517the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
1518or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
1519
1520If a section in the Document is Entitled ���Acknowledgements���,
1521���Dedications���, or ���History���, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
1522its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
1523title.
1524
1525<LI>
1526
1527TERMINATION
1528
1529You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
1530as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
1531copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
1532automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
1533parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
1534License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
1535parties remain in full compliance.
1536
1537<LI>
1538
1539FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1540
1541The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
1542of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
1543versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
1544differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
1545<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>.
1546
1547Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
1548If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
1549License ���or any later version��� applies to it, you have the option of
1550following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
1551of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
1552Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
1553number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
1554as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
1555</OL>
1556
1557
1558
1559<H3><A NAME="SEC327" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC327">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</A></H3>
1560
1561<P>
1562To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1563the License in the document and put the following copyright and
1564license notices just after the title page:
1565
1566</P>
1567
1568<PRE>
1569  Copyright (C)  <VAR>year</VAR>  <VAR>your name</VAR>.
1570  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1571  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
1572  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1573  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
1574  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
1575  Free Documentation License''.
1576</PRE>
1577
1578<P>
1579If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
1580replace the ���with...Texts.��� line with this:
1581
1582</P>
1583
1584<PRE>
1585    with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with
1586    the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
1587    being <VAR>list</VAR>.
1588</PRE>
1589
1590<P>
1591If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1592combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1593situation.
1594
1595</P>
1596<P>
1597If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1598recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
1599free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
1600to permit their use in free software.
1601
1602</P>
1603
1604<P><HR><P>
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