1<HTML> 2<HEAD> 3<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.52b 4 from gettext.texi on 29 December 2011 --> 5 6<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 7<TITLE>GNU gettext utilities - C Licenses</TITLE> 8</HEAD> 9<BODY> 10Go to the <A HREF="gettext_1.html">first</A>, <A HREF="gettext_18.html">previous</A>, <A HREF="gettext_20.html">next</A>, <A HREF="gettext_25.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="gettext_toc.html">table of contents</A>. 11<P><HR><P> 12 13 14<H1><A NAME="SEC319" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC319">C Licenses</A></H1> 15<P> 16<A NAME="IDX1229"></A> 17 18</P> 19<P> 20The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each 21particular file or directory. Here is a summary: 22 23</P> 24 25<UL> 26<LI> 27 28The <CODE>libintl</CODE> and <CODE>libasprintf</CODE> libraries are covered by the 29GNU Library General Public License (LGPL). 30A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC323">C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>. 31 32<LI> 33 34The executable programs of this package and the <CODE>libgettextpo</CODE> library 35are covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL). 36A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC320">C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>. 37 38<LI> 39 40This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the 41GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this 42manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice. 43<BR> 44This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy, 45distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the 46GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the 47License, or (at your option) any later version published by the 48Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no 49Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. 50A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC326">C.3 GNU Free Documentation License</A>. 51<BR> 52This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or 53modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either 54version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published 55by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). 56A copy of the license is included in section <A HREF="gettext_19.html#SEC320">C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>. 57</UL> 58 59 60 61<H2><A NAME="SEC320" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC320">C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2> 62<P> 63<A NAME="IDX1230"></A> 64<A NAME="IDX1231"></A> 65Version 2, June 1991 66 67</P> 68 69 70<PRE> 71Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 7251 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 73 74Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 75of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 76</PRE> 77 78 79 80<H3><A NAME="SEC321" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC321">Preamble</A></H3> 81 82<P> 83 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 84freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 85License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 86software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 87General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 88Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 89using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 90the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 91your programs, too. 92 93</P> 94<P> 95 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 96price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 97have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 98this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 99if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 100in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 101 102</P> 103<P> 104 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 105anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 106These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 107distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 108 109</P> 110<P> 111 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 112gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 113you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 114source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 115rights. 116 117</P> 118<P> 119 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 120(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 121distribute and/or modify the software. 122 123</P> 124<P> 125 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 126that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 127software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 128want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 129that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 130authors' reputations. 131 132</P> 133<P> 134 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 135patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 136program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 137program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 138patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 139 140</P> 141<P> 142 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 143modification follow. 144 145</P> 146 147 148<OL> 149<LI> 150 151This License applies to any program or other work which contains 152a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 153under the terms of this General Public License. The ���Program���, below, 154refers to any such program or work, and a ���work based on the Program��� 155means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 156that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 157either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 158language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 159the term ���modification���.) Each licensee is addressed as ���you���. 160 161Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 162covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 163running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 164is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 165Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 166Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 167 168<LI> 169 170You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 171source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 172conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 173copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 174notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 175and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 176along with the Program. 177 178You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 179you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 180 181<LI> 182 183You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 184of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 185distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 186above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 187 188 189<OL> 190<LI> 191 192You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 193stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 194 195<LI> 196 197You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 198whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 199part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 200parties under the terms of this License. 201 202<LI> 203 204If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 205when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 206interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 207announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 208notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 209a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 210these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 211License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 212does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 213the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 214</OL> 215 216These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 217identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 218and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 219themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 220sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 221distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 222on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 223this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 224entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 225 226Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 227your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 228exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 229collective works based on the Program. 230 231In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 232with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 233a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 234the scope of this License. 235 236<LI> 237 238You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 239under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 240Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 241 242 243<OL> 244<LI> 245 246Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 247source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 2481 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 249 250<LI> 251 252Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 253years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 254cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 255machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 256distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 257customarily used for software interchange; or, 258 259<LI> 260 261Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 262to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 263allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 264received the program in object code or executable form with such 265an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 266</OL> 267 268The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 269making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 270code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 271associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 272control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 273special exception, the source code distributed need not include 274anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 275form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 276operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 277itself accompanies the executable. 278 279If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 280access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 281access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 282distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 283compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 284 285<LI> 286 287You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 288except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 289otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 290void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 291However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 292this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 293parties remain in full compliance. 294 295<LI> 296 297You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 298signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 299distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 300prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 301modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 302Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 303all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 304the Program or works based on it. 305 306<LI> 307 308Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 309Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 310original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 311these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 312restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 313You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 314this License. 315 316<LI> 317 318If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 319infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 320conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 321otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 322excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 323distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 324License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 325may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 326license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 327all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 328the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 329refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 330 331If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 332any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 333apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 334circumstances. 335 336It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 337patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 338such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 339integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 340implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 341generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 342through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 343system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 344to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 345impose that choice. 346 347This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 348be a consequence of the rest of this License. 349 350<LI> 351 352If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 353certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 354original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 355may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 356those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 357countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 358the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 359 360<LI> 361 362The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 363of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 364be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 365address new problems or concerns. 366 367Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 368specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ���any 369later version���, you have the option of following the terms and conditions 370either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 371Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 372this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 373Foundation. 374 375<LI> 376 377If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 378programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 379to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 380Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 381make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 382of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 383of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 384 385<LI> 386 387BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 388FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 389OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 390PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ���AS IS��� WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 391OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 392MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 393TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 394PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 395REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 396 397<LI> 398 399IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 400WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 401REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 402INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 403OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 404TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 405YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 406PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 407POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 408</OL> 409 410 411 412<H3><A NAME="SEC322" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC322">Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A></H3> 413 414<P> 415 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 416possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 417free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 418 419</P> 420<P> 421 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 422to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 423convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 424the ���copyright��� line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 425 426</P> 427 428<PRE> 429<VAR>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</VAR> 430Copyright (C) <VAR>yyyy</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR> 431 432This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 433it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 434the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 435(at your option) any later version. 436 437This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 438but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 439MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 440GNU General Public License for more details. 441 442You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 443along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 444Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. 445</PRE> 446 447<P> 448Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 449 450</P> 451<P> 452If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 453when it starts in an interactive mode: 454 455</P> 456 457<PRE> 458Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19<VAR>yy</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR> 459Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 460This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 461under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 462</PRE> 463 464<P> 465The hypothetical commands <SAMP>‘show w’</SAMP> and <SAMP>‘show c’</SAMP> should show 466the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 467commands you use may be called something other than <SAMP>‘show w’</SAMP> and 468<SAMP>‘show c’</SAMP>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever 469suits your program. 470 471</P> 472<P> 473You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 474school, if any, to sign a ���copyright disclaimer��� for the program, if 475necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 476 477</P> 478 479<PRE> 480Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 481`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 482 483<VAR>signature of Ty Coon</VAR>, 1 April 1989 484Ty Coon, President of Vice 485</PRE> 486 487<P> 488This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 489proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 490consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 491library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 492Public License instead of this License. 493 494 495<H2><A NAME="SEC323" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC323">C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2> 496<P> 497<A NAME="IDX1232"></A> 498<A NAME="IDX1233"></A> 499Version 2.1, February 1999 500 501</P> 502 503<PRE> 504Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 50551 Franklin St -- Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 506 507Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 508of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 509 510[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts 511as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the 512version number 2.1.] 513</PRE> 514 515 516 517<H3><A NAME="SEC324" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC324">Preamble</A></H3> 518 519<P> 520 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 521freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 522Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change 523free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. 524 525</P> 526<P> 527 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some 528specially designated software--typically libraries--of the Free 529Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use 530it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this 531license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to 532use in any particular case, based on the explanations below. 533 534</P> 535<P> 536 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, 537not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that 538you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge 539for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get 540it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it 541in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these 542things. 543 544</P> 545<P> 546 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 547distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these 548rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for 549you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it. 550 551</P> 552<P> 553 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis 554or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave 555you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source 556code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide 557complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them 558with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling 559it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. 560 561</P> 562<P> 563 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the 564library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal 565permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library. 566 567</P> 568<P> 569 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that 570there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is 571modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know 572that what they have is not the original version, so that the original 573author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be 574introduced by others. 575 576</P> 577<P> 578 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of 579any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot 580effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a 581restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that 582any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be 583consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license. 584 585</P> 586<P> 587 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the 588ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser 589General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and 590is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use 591this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those 592libraries into non-free programs. 593 594</P> 595<P> 596 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using 597a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a 598combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary 599General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the 600entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General 601Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with 602the library. 603 604</P> 605<P> 606 We call this license the <EM>Lesser</EM> General Public License because it 607does <EM>Less</EM> to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General 608Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less 609of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages 610are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many 611libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain 612special circumstances. 613 614</P> 615<P> 616 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to 617encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes 618a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be 619allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free 620library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this 621case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free 622software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License. 623 624</P> 625<P> 626 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free 627programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of 628free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in 629non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU 630operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating 631system. 632 633</P> 634<P> 635 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the 636users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is 637linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run 638that program using a modified version of the Library. 639 640</P> 641<P> 642 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 643modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a 644���work based on the library��� and a ���work that uses the library���. 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Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any 736application-supplied function or table used by this function must 737be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square 738root function must still compute square roots.) 739</OL> 740 741These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 742identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, 743and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 744themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 745sections when you distribute them as separate works. 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