1/*
2 *  PCM Interface - mmap
3 *  Copyright (c) 2000 by Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>
4 *
5 *   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 *   it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
7 *   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
8 *   the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 *
10 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13 *   GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
14 *
15 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
16 *   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
17 *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
18 *
19 */
20
21#include <stdio.h>
22#include <malloc.h>
23#include <string.h>
24#include <sys/poll.h>
25#include <sys/mman.h>
26#include <sys/shm.h>
27#include "pcm_local.h"
28
29size_t page_size(void)
30{
31	long s = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
32	assert(s > 0);
33	return s;
34}
35
36size_t page_align(size_t size)
37{
38	size_t r;
39	long psz = page_size();
40	r = size % psz;
41	if (r)
42		return size + psz - r;
43	return size;
44}
45
46size_t page_ptr(size_t object_offset, size_t object_size, size_t *offset, size_t *mmap_offset)
47{
48	size_t r;
49	long psz = page_size();
50	assert(offset);
51	assert(mmap_offset);
52	*mmap_offset = object_offset;
53	object_offset %= psz;
54	*mmap_offset -= object_offset;
55	object_size += object_offset;
56	r = object_size % psz;
57	if (r)
58		r = object_size + psz - r;
59	else
60		r = object_size;
61	*offset = object_offset;
62	return r;
63}
64
65void snd_pcm_mmap_appl_backward(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
66{
67	snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr = *pcm->appl.ptr;
68	appl_ptr -= frames;
69	if (appl_ptr < 0)
70		appl_ptr += pcm->boundary;
71	*pcm->appl.ptr = appl_ptr;
72}
73
74void snd_pcm_mmap_appl_forward(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
75{
76	snd_pcm_uframes_t appl_ptr = *pcm->appl.ptr;
77	appl_ptr += frames;
78	if (appl_ptr >= pcm->boundary)
79		appl_ptr -= pcm->boundary;
80	*pcm->appl.ptr = appl_ptr;
81}
82
83void snd_pcm_mmap_hw_backward(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
84{
85	snd_pcm_sframes_t hw_ptr = *pcm->hw.ptr;
86	hw_ptr -= frames;
87	if (hw_ptr < 0)
88		hw_ptr += pcm->boundary;
89	*pcm->hw.ptr = hw_ptr;
90}
91
92void snd_pcm_mmap_hw_forward(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
93{
94	snd_pcm_uframes_t hw_ptr = *pcm->hw.ptr;
95	hw_ptr += frames;
96	if (hw_ptr >= pcm->boundary)
97		hw_ptr -= pcm->boundary;
98	*pcm->hw.ptr = hw_ptr;
99}
100
101static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_write_areas(snd_pcm_t *pcm,
102						  const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas,
103						  snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
104						  snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
105{
106	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
107
108	if (snd_pcm_mmap_playback_avail(pcm) < size) {
109		SNDMSG("too short avail %ld to size %ld", snd_pcm_mmap_playback_avail(pcm), size);
110		return -EPIPE;
111	}
112	while (size > 0) {
113		const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *pcm_areas;
114		snd_pcm_uframes_t pcm_offset;
115		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = size;
116		snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
117
118		snd_pcm_mmap_begin(pcm, &pcm_areas, &pcm_offset, &frames);
119		snd_pcm_areas_copy(pcm_areas, pcm_offset,
120				   areas, offset,
121				   pcm->channels,
122				   frames, pcm->format);
123		result = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(pcm, pcm_offset, frames);
124		if (result < 0)
125			return xfer > 0 ? (snd_pcm_sframes_t)xfer : result;
126		offset += result;
127		xfer += result;
128		size -= result;
129	}
130	return (snd_pcm_sframes_t)xfer;
131}
132
133static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_read_areas(snd_pcm_t *pcm,
134						 const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas,
135						 snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
136						 snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
137{
138	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
139
140	if (snd_pcm_mmap_capture_avail(pcm) < size) {
141		SNDMSG("too short avail %ld to size %ld", snd_pcm_mmap_capture_avail(pcm), size);
142		return -EPIPE;
143	}
144	while (size > 0) {
145		const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *pcm_areas;
146		snd_pcm_uframes_t pcm_offset;
147		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = size;
148		snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
149
150		snd_pcm_mmap_begin(pcm, &pcm_areas, &pcm_offset, &frames);
151		snd_pcm_areas_copy(areas, offset,
152				   pcm_areas, pcm_offset,
153				   pcm->channels,
154				   frames, pcm->format);
155		result = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(pcm, pcm_offset, frames);
156		if (result < 0)
157			return xfer > 0 ? (snd_pcm_sframes_t)xfer : result;
158		offset += result;
159		xfer += result;
160		size -= result;
161	}
162	return (snd_pcm_sframes_t)xfer;
163}
164
165/**
166 * \brief Write interleaved frames to a PCM using direct buffer (mmap)
167 * \param pcm PCM handle
168 * \param buffer frames containing buffer
169 * \param size frames to be written
170 * \return a positive number of frames actually written otherwise a
171 * negative error code
172 * \retval -EBADFD PCM is not in the right state (#SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED or #SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
173 * \retval -EPIPE an underrun occurred
174 * \retval -ESTRPIPE a suspend event occurred (stream is suspended and waiting for an application recovery)
175 *
176 * If the blocking behaviour is selected, then routine waits until
177 * all requested bytes are played or put to the playback ring buffer.
178 * The count of bytes can be less only if a signal or underrun occurred.
179 *
180 * If the non-blocking behaviour is selected, then routine doesn't wait at all.
181 */
182snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_writei(snd_pcm_t *pcm, const void *buffer, snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
183{
184	snd_pcm_channel_area_t areas[pcm->channels];
185	snd_pcm_areas_from_buf(pcm, areas, (void*)buffer);
186	return snd_pcm_write_areas(pcm, areas, 0, size,
187				   snd_pcm_mmap_write_areas);
188}
189
190/**
191 * \brief Write non interleaved frames to a PCM using direct buffer (mmap)
192 * \param pcm PCM handle
193 * \param bufs frames containing buffers (one for each channel)
194 * \param size frames to be written
195 * \return a positive number of frames actually written otherwise a
196 * negative error code
197 * \retval -EBADFD PCM is not in the right state (#SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED or #SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
198 * \retval -EPIPE an underrun occurred
199 * \retval -ESTRPIPE a suspend event occurred (stream is suspended and waiting for an application recovery)
200 *
201 * If the blocking behaviour is selected, then routine waits until
202 * all requested bytes are played or put to the playback ring buffer.
203 * The count of bytes can be less only if a signal or underrun occurred.
204 *
205 * If the non-blocking behaviour is selected, then routine doesn't wait at all.
206 */
207snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_writen(snd_pcm_t *pcm, void **bufs, snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
208{
209	snd_pcm_channel_area_t areas[pcm->channels];
210	snd_pcm_areas_from_bufs(pcm, areas, bufs);
211	return snd_pcm_write_areas(pcm, areas, 0, size,
212				   snd_pcm_mmap_write_areas);
213}
214
215/**
216 * \brief Read interleaved frames from a PCM using direct buffer (mmap)
217 * \param pcm PCM handle
218 * \param buffer frames containing buffer
219 * \param size frames to be written
220 * \return a positive number of frames actually read otherwise a
221 * negative error code
222 * \retval -EBADFD PCM is not in the right state (#SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED or #SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
223 * \retval -EPIPE an overrun occurred
224 * \retval -ESTRPIPE a suspend event occurred (stream is suspended and waiting for an application recovery)
225 *
226 * If the blocking behaviour was selected, then routine waits until
227 * all requested bytes are filled. The count of bytes can be less only
228 * if a signal or underrun occurred.
229 *
230 * If the non-blocking behaviour is selected, then routine doesn't wait at all.
231 */
232snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_readi(snd_pcm_t *pcm, void *buffer, snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
233{
234	snd_pcm_channel_area_t areas[pcm->channels];
235	snd_pcm_areas_from_buf(pcm, areas, buffer);
236	return snd_pcm_read_areas(pcm, areas, 0, size,
237				  snd_pcm_mmap_read_areas);
238}
239
240/**
241 * \brief Read non interleaved frames to a PCM using direct buffer (mmap)
242 * \param pcm PCM handle
243 * \param bufs frames containing buffers (one for each channel)
244 * \param size frames to be written
245 * \return a positive number of frames actually read otherwise a
246 * negative error code
247 * \retval -EBADFD PCM is not in the right state (#SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED or #SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
248 * \retval -EPIPE an overrun occurred
249 * \retval -ESTRPIPE a suspend event occurred (stream is suspended and waiting for an application recovery)
250 *
251 * If the blocking behaviour was selected, then routine waits until
252 * all requested bytes are filled. The count of bytes can be less only
253 * if a signal or underrun occurred.
254 *
255 * If the non-blocking behaviour is selected, then routine doesn't wait at all.
256 */
257snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_mmap_readn(snd_pcm_t *pcm, void **bufs, snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
258{
259	snd_pcm_channel_area_t areas[pcm->channels];
260	snd_pcm_areas_from_bufs(pcm, areas, bufs);
261	return snd_pcm_read_areas(pcm, areas, 0, size,
262				  snd_pcm_mmap_read_areas);
263}
264
265int snd_pcm_channel_info_shm(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_channel_info_t *info, int shmid)
266{
267	switch (pcm->access) {
268	case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED:
269	case SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED:
270		info->first = info->channel * pcm->sample_bits;
271		info->step = pcm->frame_bits;
272		break;
273	case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED:
274	case SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED:
275		info->first = 0;
276		info->step = pcm->sample_bits;
277		break;
278	default:
279		SNDMSG("invalid access type %d", pcm->access);
280		return -EINVAL;
281	}
282	info->addr = 0;
283	if (pcm->hw_flags & SND_PCM_HW_PARAMS_EXPORT_BUFFER) {
284		info->type = SND_PCM_AREA_SHM;
285		info->u.shm.shmid = shmid;
286		info->u.shm.area = NULL;
287	} else
288		info->type = SND_PCM_AREA_LOCAL;
289	return 0;
290}
291
292int snd_pcm_mmap(snd_pcm_t *pcm)
293{
294	int err;
295	unsigned int c;
296	assert(pcm);
297	if (CHECK_SANITY(! pcm->setup)) {
298		SNDMSG("PCM not set up");
299		return -EIO;
300	}
301	if (CHECK_SANITY(pcm->mmap_channels || pcm->running_areas)) {
302		SNDMSG("Already mmapped");
303		return -EBUSY;
304	}
305	err = pcm->ops->mmap(pcm);
306	if (err < 0)
307		return err;
308	if (pcm->mmap_shadow)
309		return 0;
310	pcm->mmap_channels = calloc(pcm->channels, sizeof(pcm->mmap_channels[0]));
311	if (!pcm->mmap_channels)
312		return -ENOMEM;
313	pcm->running_areas = calloc(pcm->channels, sizeof(pcm->running_areas[0]));
314	if (!pcm->running_areas) {
315		free(pcm->mmap_channels);
316		pcm->mmap_channels = NULL;
317		return -ENOMEM;
318	}
319	for (c = 0; c < pcm->channels; ++c) {
320		snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i = &pcm->mmap_channels[c];
321		i->channel = c;
322		err = snd_pcm_channel_info(pcm, i);
323		if (err < 0) {
324			free(pcm->mmap_channels);
325			free(pcm->running_areas);
326			pcm->mmap_channels = NULL;
327			pcm->running_areas = NULL;
328			return err;
329		}
330	}
331	for (c = 0; c < pcm->channels; ++c) {
332		snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i = &pcm->mmap_channels[c];
333		snd_pcm_channel_area_t *a = &pcm->running_areas[c];
334		char *ptr;
335		size_t size;
336		unsigned int c1;
337		if (i->addr) {
338        		a->addr = i->addr;
339        		a->first = i->first;
340        		a->step = i->step;
341		        continue;
342                }
343                size = i->first + i->step * (pcm->buffer_size - 1) + pcm->sample_bits;
344		for (c1 = c + 1; c1 < pcm->channels; ++c1) {
345			snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i1 = &pcm->mmap_channels[c1];
346			size_t s;
347			if (i1->type != i->type)
348				continue;
349			switch (i1->type) {
350			case SND_PCM_AREA_MMAP:
351				if (i1->u.mmap.fd != i->u.mmap.fd ||
352				    i1->u.mmap.offset != i->u.mmap.offset)
353					continue;
354				break;
355			case SND_PCM_AREA_SHM:
356				if (i1->u.shm.shmid != i->u.shm.shmid)
357					continue;
358				break;
359			case SND_PCM_AREA_LOCAL:
360				break;
361			default:
362				assert(0);
363			}
364			s = i1->first + i1->step * (pcm->buffer_size - 1) + pcm->sample_bits;
365			if (s > size)
366				size = s;
367		}
368		size = (size + 7) / 8;
369		size = page_align(size);
370		switch (i->type) {
371		case SND_PCM_AREA_MMAP:
372			ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_FILE|MAP_SHARED, i->u.mmap.fd, i->u.mmap.offset);
373			if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
374				SYSERR("mmap failed");
375				return -errno;
376			}
377			i->addr = ptr;
378			break;
379		case SND_PCM_AREA_SHM:
380			if (i->u.shm.shmid < 0) {
381				int id;
382				/* FIXME: safer permission? */
383				id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, size, 0666);
384				if (id < 0) {
385					SYSERR("shmget failed");
386					return -errno;
387				}
388				i->u.shm.shmid = id;
389				ptr = shmat(i->u.shm.shmid, 0, 0);
390				if (ptr == (void *) -1) {
391					SYSERR("shmat failed");
392					return -errno;
393				}
394				/* automatically remove segment if not used */
395				if (shmctl(id, IPC_RMID, NULL) < 0){
396					SYSERR("shmctl mark remove failed");
397					return -errno;
398				}
399				i->u.shm.area = snd_shm_area_create(id, ptr);
400				if (i->u.shm.area == NULL) {
401					SYSERR("snd_shm_area_create failed");
402					return -ENOMEM;
403				}
404				if (pcm->access == SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED ||
405				    pcm->access == SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED) {
406					unsigned int c1;
407					for (c1 = c + 1; c1 < pcm->channels; c1++) {
408						snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i1 = &pcm->mmap_channels[c1];
409						if (i1->u.shm.shmid < 0) {
410							i1->u.shm.shmid = id;
411							i1->u.shm.area = snd_shm_area_share(i->u.shm.area);
412						}
413					}
414				}
415			} else {
416				ptr = shmat(i->u.shm.shmid, 0, 0);
417				if (ptr == (void*) -1) {
418					SYSERR("shmat failed");
419					return -errno;
420				}
421			}
422			i->addr = ptr;
423			break;
424		case SND_PCM_AREA_LOCAL:
425			ptr = malloc(size);
426			if (ptr == NULL) {
427				SYSERR("malloc failed");
428				return -errno;
429			}
430			i->addr = ptr;
431			break;
432		default:
433			assert(0);
434		}
435		for (c1 = c + 1; c1 < pcm->channels; ++c1) {
436			snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i1 = &pcm->mmap_channels[c1];
437			if (i1->type != i->type)
438				continue;
439			switch (i1->type) {
440			case SND_PCM_AREA_MMAP:
441				if (i1->u.mmap.fd != i->u.mmap.fd ||
442                                    i1->u.mmap.offset != i->u.mmap.offset)
443					continue;
444				break;
445			case SND_PCM_AREA_SHM:
446				if (i1->u.shm.shmid != i->u.shm.shmid)
447					continue;
448				/* follow thru */
449			case SND_PCM_AREA_LOCAL:
450				if (pcm->access != SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED &&
451				    pcm->access != SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)
452				        continue;
453				break;
454			default:
455				assert(0);
456			}
457			i1->addr = i->addr;
458		}
459		a->addr = i->addr;
460		a->first = i->first;
461		a->step = i->step;
462	}
463	return 0;
464}
465
466int snd_pcm_munmap(snd_pcm_t *pcm)
467{
468	int err;
469	unsigned int c;
470	assert(pcm);
471	if (CHECK_SANITY(! pcm->mmap_channels)) {
472		SNDMSG("Not mmapped");
473		return -ENXIO;
474	}
475	if (pcm->mmap_shadow)
476		return pcm->ops->munmap(pcm);
477	for (c = 0; c < pcm->channels; ++c) {
478		snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i = &pcm->mmap_channels[c];
479		unsigned int c1;
480		size_t size = i->first + i->step * (pcm->buffer_size - 1) + pcm->sample_bits;
481		if (!i->addr)
482			continue;
483		for (c1 = c + 1; c1 < pcm->channels; ++c1) {
484			snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i1 = &pcm->mmap_channels[c1];
485			size_t s;
486			if (i1->addr != i->addr)
487				continue;
488			i1->addr = NULL;
489			s = i1->first + i1->step * (pcm->buffer_size - 1) + pcm->sample_bits;
490			if (s > size)
491				size = s;
492		}
493		size = (size + 7) / 8;
494		size = page_align(size);
495		switch (i->type) {
496		case SND_PCM_AREA_MMAP:
497			err = munmap(i->addr, size);
498			if (err < 0) {
499				SYSERR("mmap failed");
500				return -errno;
501			}
502			errno = 0;
503			break;
504		case SND_PCM_AREA_SHM:
505			if (i->u.shm.area) {
506				snd_shm_area_destroy(i->u.shm.area);
507				i->u.shm.area = NULL;
508				if (pcm->access == SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED ||
509				    pcm->access == SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED) {
510					unsigned int c1;
511					for (c1 = c + 1; c1 < pcm->channels; c1++) {
512						snd_pcm_channel_info_t *i1 = &pcm->mmap_channels[c1];
513						if (i1->u.shm.area) {
514							snd_shm_area_destroy(i1->u.shm.area);
515							i1->u.shm.area = NULL;
516						}
517					}
518				}
519			}
520			break;
521		case SND_PCM_AREA_LOCAL:
522			free(i->addr);
523			break;
524		default:
525			assert(0);
526		}
527		i->addr = NULL;
528	}
529	err = pcm->ops->munmap(pcm);
530	if (err < 0)
531		return err;
532	free(pcm->mmap_channels);
533	free(pcm->running_areas);
534	pcm->mmap_channels = NULL;
535	pcm->running_areas = NULL;
536	return 0;
537}
538
539snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_write_mmap(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
540				     snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
541{
542	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
543	snd_pcm_sframes_t err = 0;
544	if (! size)
545		return 0;
546	while (xfer < size) {
547		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = size - xfer;
548		snd_pcm_uframes_t cont = pcm->buffer_size - offset;
549		if (cont < frames)
550			frames = cont;
551		switch (pcm->access) {
552		case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED:
553		{
554			const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *a = snd_pcm_mmap_areas(pcm);
555			const char *buf = snd_pcm_channel_area_addr(a, offset);
556			err = _snd_pcm_writei(pcm, buf, frames);
557			if (err >= 0)
558				frames = err;
559			break;
560		}
561		case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED:
562		{
563			unsigned int channels = pcm->channels;
564			unsigned int c;
565			void *bufs[channels];
566			const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas = snd_pcm_mmap_areas(pcm);
567			for (c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
568				const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *a = &areas[c];
569				bufs[c] = snd_pcm_channel_area_addr(a, offset);
570			}
571			err = _snd_pcm_writen(pcm, bufs, frames);
572			if (err >= 0)
573				frames = err;
574			break;
575		}
576		default:
577			SNDMSG("invalid access type %d", pcm->access);
578			return -EINVAL;
579		}
580		if (err < 0)
581			break;
582		xfer += frames;
583		offset = (offset + frames) % pcm->buffer_size;
584	}
585	if (xfer > 0)
586		return xfer;
587	return err;
588}
589
590snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_read_mmap(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
591				    snd_pcm_uframes_t size)
592{
593	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
594	snd_pcm_sframes_t err = 0;
595	if (! size)
596		return 0;
597	while (xfer < size) {
598		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = size - xfer;
599		snd_pcm_uframes_t cont = pcm->buffer_size - offset;
600		if (cont < frames)
601			frames = cont;
602		switch (pcm->access) {
603		case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED:
604		{
605			const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *a = snd_pcm_mmap_areas(pcm);
606			char *buf = snd_pcm_channel_area_addr(a, offset);
607			err = _snd_pcm_readi(pcm, buf, frames);
608			if (err >= 0)
609				frames = err;
610			break;
611		}
612		case SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED:
613		{
614			snd_pcm_uframes_t channels = pcm->channels;
615			unsigned int c;
616			void *bufs[channels];
617			const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas = snd_pcm_mmap_areas(pcm);
618			for (c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
619				const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *a = &areas[c];
620				bufs[c] = snd_pcm_channel_area_addr(a, offset);
621			}
622			err = _snd_pcm_readn(pcm->fast_op_arg, bufs, frames);
623			if (err >= 0)
624				frames = err;
625			break;
626		}
627		default:
628			SNDMSG("invalid access type %d", pcm->access);
629			return -EINVAL;
630		}
631		if (err < 0)
632			break;
633		xfer += frames;
634		offset = (offset + frames) % pcm->buffer_size;
635	}
636	if (xfer > 0)
637		return xfer;
638	return err;
639}
640