1/*	$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.137 2024/05/10 20:36:34 andvar Exp $	*/
2
3/*
4 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
5 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 *    without specific prior written permission.
18 *
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29 * SUCH DAMAGE.
30 */
31
32/*
33 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
34 * All rights reserved.
35 *
36 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
37 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
38 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
39 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
40 * research program
41 *
42 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44 * are met:
45 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
51 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
52 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
53 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
54 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
55 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
56 *    without specific prior written permission.
57 *
58 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
59 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
60 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
61 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
62 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
64 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
65 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
66 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
67 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
68 * SUCH DAMAGE.
69 */
70
71#include <sys/cdefs.h>
72#ifndef lint
73#if 0
74static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c	8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95";
75#else
76__RCSID("$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.137 2024/05/10 20:36:34 andvar Exp $");
77#endif
78#endif /* not lint */
79
80#include <sys/param.h>
81#include <sys/mman.h>
82#include <sys/time.h>
83#include <sys/resource.h>
84#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
85#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
86#include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
87#include <ufs/ufs/quota2.h>
88#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
89#include <ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h>
90#include <sys/ioctl.h>
91#include <sys/disklabel.h>
92
93#include <err.h>
94#include <errno.h>
95#include <string.h>
96#include <unistd.h>
97#include <stdlib.h>
98#include <stddef.h>
99
100#ifndef STANDALONE
101#include <stdio.h>
102#endif
103
104#include "extern.h"
105
106union dinode {
107	struct ufs1_dinode dp1;
108	struct ufs2_dinode dp2;
109};
110
111static void initcg(uint32_t, const struct timeval *);
112static int fsinit(const struct timeval *, mode_t, uid_t, gid_t);
113union Buffer;
114static int makedir(union Buffer *, struct direct *, int);
115static daddr_t alloc(int, int);
116static void iput(union dinode *, ino_t);
117static void rdfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
118static void wtfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
119static int isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
120static void clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
121static void setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
122static int ilog2(int);
123static void zap_old_sblock(int);
124#ifdef MFS
125static void *mkfs_malloc(size_t size);
126#endif
127
128/*
129 * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
130 */
131#define	UMASK		0755
132
133union {
134	struct fs fs;
135	char data[SBLOCKSIZE];
136} *fsun;
137#define	sblock	fsun->fs
138
139union Buffer {
140	struct quota2_header q2h;
141	char data[MAXBSIZE];
142};
143
144struct	csum *fscs_0;		/* first block of cylinder summaries */
145struct	csum *fscs_next;	/* place for next summary */
146struct	csum *fscs_end;		/* end of summary buffer */
147struct	csum *fscs_reset;	/* place for next summary after write */
148uint	fs_csaddr;		/* fragment number to write to */
149
150union {
151	struct cg cg;
152	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
153} *cgun;
154#define	acg	cgun->cg
155
156#define DIP(dp, field) \
157	((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) ? \
158	(dp)->dp1.di_##field : (dp)->dp2.di_##field)
159
160#define EXT2FS_SBOFF	1024	/* XXX: SBOFF in <ufs/ext2fs/ext2fs.h> */
161
162char *iobuf;
163int iobufsize;			/* size to end of 2nd inode block */
164int iobuf_memsize;		/* Actual buffer size */
165
166int	fsi, fso;
167
168static void
169fserr(int num)
170{
171#ifdef GARBAGE
172	extern int Gflag;
173
174	if (Gflag)
175		return;
176#endif
177	exit(num);
178}
179
180void
181mkfs(const char *fsys, int fi, int fo,
182    mode_t mfsmode, uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
183{
184	uint fragsperinodeblk, ncg, u;
185	uint cgzero;
186	uint64_t inodeblks, cgall;
187	uint32_t cylno;
188	int i, csfrags;
189	int inodes_per_cg;
190	struct timeval tv;
191	long long sizepb;
192	int len, col, delta, fld_width, max_cols;
193	struct winsize winsize;
194
195#ifndef STANDALONE
196	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
197#endif
198#ifdef MFS
199	if (mfs && !Nflag) {
200		if ((membase = mkfs_malloc(fssize * sectorsize)) == NULL)
201			exit(12);
202	}
203#endif
204	if ((fsun = aligned_alloc(DEV_BSIZE, sizeof(*fsun))) == NULL)
205		exit(12);
206	memset(fsun, 0, sizeof(*fsun));
207	if ((cgun = aligned_alloc(DEV_BSIZE, sizeof(*cgun))) == NULL)
208		exit(12);
209	memset(cgun, 0, sizeof(*cgun));
210
211	fsi = fi;
212	fso = fo;
213	if (Oflag == 0) {
214		sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
215		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
216		sblock.fs_old_flags = 0;
217	} else {
218		sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
219		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = (Oflag == 1 ? UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
220		    UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN);
221		sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
222		if (isappleufs)
223			sblock.fs_old_flags = 0;
224		sblock.fs_flags = 0;
225	}
226
227	/*
228	 * collect and verify the filesystem density info
229	 */
230	sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
231	sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfpdir;
232	if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0) {
233		printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
234		    sblock.fs_avgfilesize);
235		fserr(14);
236	}
237	if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0) {
238		printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
239		    sblock.fs_avgfpdir);
240		fserr(15);
241	}
242	/*
243	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
244	 */
245	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
246	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
247	if (!powerof2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
248		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
249		    sblock.fs_bsize);
250		fserr(16);
251	}
252	if (!powerof2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
253		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
254		    sblock.fs_fsize);
255		fserr(17);
256	}
257	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
258		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
259		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
260		fserr(18);
261	}
262	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
263		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
264		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
265		fserr(19);
266	}
267	if (sblock.fs_bsize > MAXBSIZE) {
268		printf("block size %d is too large, maximum is %d\n",
269		    sblock.fs_bsize, MAXBSIZE);
270		fserr(19);
271	}
272	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
273		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
274		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
275		fserr(20);
276	}
277
278	if (maxbsize < bsize || !powerof2(maxbsize)) {
279		sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
280	} else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
281		sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
282	} else {
283		sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
284	}
285	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
286	if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
287		sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
288		if (verbosity > 0)
289			printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
290	}
291	if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
292		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
293
294	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
295	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
296	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
297	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
298	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
299		sblock.fs_bshift++;
300	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
301		sblock.fs_fshift++;
302	sblock.fs_frag = ffs_numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
303	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
304		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
305	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
306		printf("fragment size %d is too small, "
307			"minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
308		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
309		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
310		fserr(21);
311	}
312	sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
313	sblock.fs_size = FFS_DBTOFSB(&sblock, fssize);
314	if (Oflag <= 1) {
315		if ((uint64_t)sblock.fs_size >= 1ull << 31) {
316			printf("Too many fragments (0x%" PRIx64
317			    ") for a FFSv1 filesystem\n", sblock.fs_size);
318			fserr(22);
319		}
320		sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
321		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
322		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
323		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
324		sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
325		sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
326		sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
327		sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
328		sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
329		sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
330		sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
331		sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
332		sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
333		sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
334		sblock.fs_old_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
335		sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
336	} else {
337		sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
338		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
339		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int64_t);
340		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
341	}
342
343	sblock.fs_sblkno =
344	    roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
345		sblock.fs_frag);
346	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
347	    roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
348	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
349	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * UFS_NDADDR - 1;
350	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < UFS_NIADDR; i++) {
351		sizepb *= FFS_NINDIR(&sblock);
352		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
353	}
354
355	/*
356	 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
357	 *
358	 * The cylinder group size is limited because the data structure
359	 * must fit into a single block.
360	 * We try to have as few cylinder groups as possible, with a proviso
361	 * that we create at least MINCYLGRPS (==4) except for small
362	 * filesystems.
363	 *
364	 * This algorithm works out how many blocks of inodes would be
365	 * needed to fill the entire volume at the specified density.
366	 * It then looks at how big the 'cylinder block' would have to
367	 * be and, assuming that it is linearly related to the number
368	 * of inodes and blocks how many cylinder groups are needed to
369	 * keep the cylinder block below the filesystem block size.
370	 *
371	 * The cylinder groups are then all created with the average size.
372	 *
373	 * Space taken by the red tape on cylinder groups other than the
374	 * first is ignored.
375	 */
376
377	/* There must be space for 1 inode block and 2 data blocks */
378	if (sblock.fs_size < sblock.fs_iblkno + 3 * sblock.fs_frag) {
379		printf("Filesystem size %lld < minimum size of %d\n",
380		    (long long)sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_iblkno + 3 * sblock.fs_frag);
381		fserr(23);
382	}
383	if (num_inodes != 0)
384		inodeblks = howmany(num_inodes, FFS_INOPB(&sblock));
385	else {
386		/*
387		 * Calculate 'per inode block' so we can allocate less than
388		 * 1 fragment per inode - useful for /dev.
389		 */
390		fragsperinodeblk = MAX(ffs_numfrags(&sblock,
391					(uint64_t)density * FFS_INOPB(&sblock)), 1);
392		inodeblks = (sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_iblkno) /
393			(sblock.fs_frag + fragsperinodeblk);
394	}
395	if (inodeblks == 0)
396		inodeblks = 1;
397	/* Ensure that there are at least 2 data blocks (or we fail below) */
398	if (inodeblks > (uint64_t)(sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_iblkno)/sblock.fs_frag - 2)
399		inodeblks = (sblock.fs_size-sblock.fs_iblkno)/sblock.fs_frag-2;
400	/* Even UFS2 limits number of inodes to 2^31 (fs_ipg is int32_t) */
401	if (inodeblks * FFS_INOPB(&sblock) >= 1ull << 31)
402		inodeblks = ((1ull << 31) - NBBY) / FFS_INOPB(&sblock);
403	/*
404	 * See what would happen if we tried to use 1 cylinder group.
405	 * Assume space linear, so work out number of cylinder groups needed.
406	 */
407	cgzero = CGSIZE_IF(&sblock, 0, 0);
408	cgall = CGSIZE_IF(&sblock, inodeblks * FFS_INOPB(&sblock), sblock.fs_size);
409	ncg = howmany(cgall - cgzero, sblock.fs_bsize - cgzero);
410	if (ncg < MINCYLGRPS) {
411		/*
412		 * We would like to allocate MINCLYGRPS cylinder groups,
413		 * but for small file systems (especially ones with a lot
414		 * of inodes) this is not desirable (or possible).
415		 */
416		u = sblock.fs_size / 2 / (sblock.fs_iblkno +
417						inodeblks * sblock.fs_frag);
418		if (u > ncg)
419			ncg = u;
420		if (ncg > MINCYLGRPS)
421			ncg = MINCYLGRPS;
422		if (ncg > inodeblks)
423			ncg = inodeblks;
424	}
425	/*
426	 * Put an equal number of blocks in each cylinder group.
427	 * Round up so we don't have more fragments in the last CG than
428	 * the earlier ones (does that matter?), but kill a block if the
429	 * CGSIZE becomes too big (only happens if there are a lot of CGs).
430	 */
431	sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_size, ncg), sblock.fs_frag);
432	/* Round up the fragments/group so the bitmap bytes are full */
433	sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_fpg, NBBY);
434	inodes_per_cg = ((inodeblks - 1) / ncg + 1) * FFS_INOPB(&sblock);
435
436	i = CGSIZE_IF(&sblock, inodes_per_cg, sblock.fs_fpg);
437	if (i > sblock.fs_bsize) {
438		sblock.fs_fpg -= (i - sblock.fs_bsize) * NBBY;
439		/* ... and recalculate how many cylinder groups we now need */
440		ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
441		inodes_per_cg = ((inodeblks - 1) / ncg + 1) * FFS_INOPB(&sblock);
442	}
443	sblock.fs_ipg = inodes_per_cg;
444	/* Sanity check on our sums... */
445	if ((int)CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
446		printf("CGSIZE miscalculated %d > %d\n",
447		    (int)CGSIZE(&sblock), sblock.fs_bsize);
448		fserr(24);
449	}
450
451	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / FFS_INOPF(&sblock);
452	/* Check that the last cylinder group has enough space for the inodes */
453	i = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_fpg * (ncg - 1ull);
454	if (i < sblock.fs_dblkno) {
455		/*
456		 * Since we make all the cylinder groups the same size, the
457		 * last will only be small if there are a large number of
458		 * cylinder groups. If we pull even a fragment from each
459		 * of the other groups then the last CG will be overfull.
460		 * So we just kill the last CG.
461		 */
462		ncg--;
463		sblock.fs_size -= i;
464	}
465	sblock.fs_ncg = ncg;
466
467	sblock.fs_cgsize = ffs_fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
468	if (Oflag <= 1) {
469		sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
470		sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
471		sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
472		sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
473	}
474
475	/*
476	 * Cylinder group summary information for each cylinder is written
477	 * into the first cylinder group.
478	 * Write this fragment by fragment, but doing the first CG last
479	 * (after we've taken stuff off for the structure itself and the
480	 * root directory.
481	 */
482	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
483	sblock.fs_cssize =
484	    ffs_fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
485	if (512 % sizeof *fscs_0)
486		errx(1, "cylinder group summary doesn't fit in sectors");
487	fscs_0 = mmap(0, 2 * sblock.fs_fsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
488			MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
489	if (fscs_0 == MAP_FAILED)
490		exit(39);
491	memset(fscs_0, 0, 2 * sblock.fs_fsize);
492	fs_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
493	fscs_next = fscs_0;
494	fscs_end = (void *)((char *)fscs_0 + 2 * sblock.fs_fsize);
495	fscs_reset = (void *)((char *)fscs_0 + sblock.fs_fsize);
496	/*
497	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
498	 */
499	sblock.fs_sbsize = ffs_fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
500	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
501		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
502	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
503	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
504	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
505	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
506	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
507	sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
508	sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
509	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
510	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
511	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
512	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
513	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
514	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
515	sblock.fs_state = 0;
516	sblock.fs_clean = FS_ISCLEAN;
517	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
518	sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)tv.tv_sec;	/* XXXfvdl huh? */
519	sblock.fs_id[1] = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
520	sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
521	csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
522	sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
523	    sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
524	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
525	    ffs_fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
526	    howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
527	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
528	    ffs_fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
529	    (ffs_fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
530	    sblock.fs_frag - ffs_fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
531	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - UFS_ROOTINO;
532	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
533	sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
534	sblock.fs_time = tv.tv_sec;
535	if (Oflag <= 1) {
536		sblock.fs_old_time = tv.tv_sec;
537		sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
538		sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
539		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
540		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
541		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
542		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
543	}
544	/* add quota data in superblock */
545	if (quotas) {
546		sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOQUOTA2;
547		sblock.fs_quota_magic = Q2_HEAD_MAGIC;
548		sblock.fs_quota_flags = quotas;
549	}
550	/*
551	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
552	 */
553	if (verbosity > 0) {
554#define	B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
555		printf("%s: %.1fMB (%lld sectors) block size %d, "
556		       "fragment size %d\n",
557		    fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
558		    (long long)FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, sblock.fs_size),
559		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
560		printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, "
561		       "%d inodes.\n",
562		    sblock.fs_ncg,
563		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
564		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
565#undef B2MBFACTOR
566	}
567
568	/*
569	 * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
570	 * two sets of inode blocks.
571	 */
572	if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
573		iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
574	else
575		iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
576	iobuf_memsize = iobufsize;
577	if (!mfs && sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
578		/* A larger buffer so we can write multiple inode blks */
579		iobuf_memsize += 14 * sblock.fs_bsize;
580	}
581	for (;;) {
582		iobuf = mmap(0, iobuf_memsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
583				MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
584		if (iobuf != MAP_FAILED)
585			break;
586		if (iobuf_memsize != iobufsize) {
587			/* Try again with the smaller size */
588			iobuf_memsize = iobufsize;
589			continue;
590		}
591		printf("Cannot allocate I/O buffer\n");
592		exit(38);
593	}
594	memset(iobuf, 0, iobuf_memsize);
595
596	/*
597	 * We now start writing to the filesystem
598	 */
599
600	if (!Nflag) {
601		/*
602		 * Validate the given file system size.
603		 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
604		 * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
605		 */
606		if (fssize <= 0) {
607			printf("preposterous size %lld\n", (long long)fssize);
608			fserr(13);
609		}
610		wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, iobuf);
611
612		/*
613		 * Ensure there is nothing that looks like a filesystem
614		 * superblock anywhere other than where ours will be.
615		 * If fsck finds the wrong one all hell breaks loose!
616		 */
617		for (i = 0; ; i++) {
618			static const int sblocklist[] = SBLOCKSEARCH;
619			int sblkoff = sblocklist[i];
620			int sz;
621			if (sblkoff == -1)
622				break;
623			/* Remove main superblock */
624			zap_old_sblock(sblkoff);
625			/* and all possible locations for the first alternate */
626			sblkoff += SBLOCKSIZE;
627			for (sz = SBLOCKSIZE; sz <= 0x10000; sz <<= 1)
628				zap_old_sblock(roundup(sblkoff, sz));
629		}
630		/*
631		 * Also zap possible Ext2fs magic leftover to prevent
632		 * kernel vfs_mountroot() and bootloaders from mis-recognizing
633		 * this file system as Ext2fs.
634		 */
635		zap_old_sblock(EXT2FS_SBOFF);
636
637#ifndef NO_APPLE_UFS
638		if (isappleufs) {
639			struct appleufslabel appleufs __aligned(DEV_BSIZE);
640			ffs_appleufs_set(&appleufs, appleufs_volname,
641			    tv.tv_sec, 0);
642			wtfs(APPLEUFS_LABEL_OFFSET/sectorsize,
643			    APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE, &appleufs);
644		} else if (APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE % sectorsize == 0) {
645			struct appleufslabel appleufs;
646			/* Look for & zap any existing valid apple ufs labels */
647			rdfs(APPLEUFS_LABEL_OFFSET/sectorsize,
648			    APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE, &appleufs);
649			if (ffs_appleufs_validate(fsys, &appleufs, NULL) == 0) {
650				memset(&appleufs, 0, sizeof(appleufs));
651				wtfs(APPLEUFS_LABEL_OFFSET/sectorsize,
652				    APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE, &appleufs);
653			}
654		}
655#endif
656	}
657
658	/*
659	 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
660	 * writing out in each cylinder group.
661	 */
662	memcpy(iobuf, &sblock, sizeof sblock);
663	if (needswap)
664		ffs_sb_swap(&sblock, (struct fs *)iobuf);
665	if ((sblock.fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED) == 0)
666		memset(iobuf + offsetof(struct fs, fs_old_postbl_start),
667		    0xff, 256);
668
669	if (verbosity >= 3)
670		printf("super-block backups (for fsck_ffs -b #) at:\n");
671	/* If we are printing more than one line of numbers, line up columns */
672	fld_width = verbosity < 4 ? 1 : snprintf(NULL, 0, "%" PRIu64,
673		(uint64_t)FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg-1)));
674	/* Get terminal width */
675	if (ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &winsize) == 0 &&
676	    winsize.ws_col != 0)
677		max_cols = winsize.ws_col;
678	else
679		max_cols = 80;
680	if (Nflag && verbosity == 3)
681		/* Leave space to add " ..." after one row of numbers */
682		max_cols -= 4;
683#define BASE 0x10000	/* For some fixed-point maths */
684	col = 0;
685	delta = verbosity > 2 ? 0 : max_cols * BASE / sblock.fs_ncg;
686	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
687		fflush(stdout);
688		initcg(cylno, &tv);
689		if (verbosity < 2)
690			continue;
691		if (delta > 0) {
692			if (Nflag)
693				/* No point doing dots for -N */
694				break;
695			/* Print dots scaled to end near RH margin */
696			for (col += delta; col > BASE; col -= BASE)
697				printf(".");
698			continue;
699		}
700		/* Print superblock numbers */
701		len = printf("%s%*" PRIu64 ",", col ? " " : "", fld_width,
702		    (uint64_t)FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
703		col += len;
704		if (col + len < max_cols)
705			/* Next number fits */
706			continue;
707		/* Next number won't fit, need a newline */
708		if (verbosity <= 3) {
709			/* Print dots for subsequent cylinder groups */
710			delta = sblock.fs_ncg - cylno - 1;
711			if (delta != 0) {
712				if (Nflag) {
713					printf(" ...");
714					break;
715				}
716				delta = max_cols * BASE / delta;
717			}
718		}
719		col = 0;
720		printf("\n");
721	}
722#undef BASE
723	if (col > 0)
724		printf("\n");
725	if (Nflag)
726		exit(0);
727
728	/*
729	 * Now construct the initial file system,
730	 */
731	if (fsinit(&tv, mfsmode, mfsuid, mfsgid) == 0 && mfs)
732		errx(1, "Error making filesystem");
733	sblock.fs_time = tv.tv_sec;
734	if (Oflag <= 1) {
735		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
736		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
737		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
738		sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
739	}
740	/*
741	 * Write out the super-block and zeros until the first cg info
742	 */
743	i = cgsblock(&sblock, 0) * sblock.fs_fsize - sblock.fs_sblockloc;
744	if ((size_t)i < sizeof(sblock))
745		errx(1, "No space for superblock");
746	memcpy(iobuf, &sblock, sizeof(sblock));
747	memset(iobuf + sizeof(sblock), 0, i - sizeof(sblock));
748	if (needswap)
749		ffs_sb_swap(&sblock, (struct fs *)iobuf);
750	if (eaflag)
751		((struct fs *)iobuf)->fs_magic = FS_UFS2EA_MAGIC;
752	if ((sblock.fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED) == 0)
753		memset(iobuf + offsetof(struct fs, fs_old_postbl_start),
754		    0xff, 256);
755	wtfs(sblock.fs_sblockloc / sectorsize, i, iobuf);
756
757	/* Write out first and last cylinder summary sectors */
758	if (needswap)
759		ffs_csum_swap(fscs_0, fscs_0, sblock.fs_fsize);
760	wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr), sblock.fs_fsize, fscs_0);
761
762	if (fscs_next > fscs_reset) {
763		if (needswap)
764			ffs_csum_swap(fscs_reset, fscs_reset, sblock.fs_fsize);
765		fs_csaddr++;
766		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, fs_csaddr), sblock.fs_fsize, fscs_reset);
767	}
768
769	/* mfs doesn't need these permanently allocated */
770	munmap(iobuf, iobuf_memsize);
771	munmap(fscs_0, 2 * sblock.fs_fsize);
772}
773
774/*
775 * Initialize a cylinder group.
776 */
777void
778initcg(uint32_t cylno, const struct timeval *tv)
779{
780	daddr_t cbase, dmax;
781	uint32_t i, d, dlower, dupper, blkno, u;
782	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
783	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
784	int start;
785
786	/*
787	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
788	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
789	 * cylinder group.
790	 */
791	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
792	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
793	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
794		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
795	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
796	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
797	if (cylno == 0) {
798		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
799		if (dupper >= cgstart(&sblock, cylno + 1)) {
800			printf("\rToo many cylinder groups to fit summary "
801				"information into first cylinder group\n");
802			fserr(40);
803		}
804	}
805	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
806	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
807	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
808	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
809	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
810		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
811	start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
812	if (Oflag == 2) {
813		acg.cg_time = tv->tv_sec;
814		acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
815		acg.cg_initediblk = sblock.fs_ipg < 2 * FFS_INOPB(&sblock) ?
816		    sblock.fs_ipg : 2 * FFS_INOPB(&sblock);
817		acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
818	} else {
819		acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
820		if ((sblock.fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED) == 0 &&
821		    (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1))
822			acg.cg_old_ncyl =
823			    sblock.fs_old_ncyl % sblock.fs_old_cpg;
824		acg.cg_old_time = tv->tv_sec;
825		acg.cg_old_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
826		acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
827		acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
828		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
829		acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
830		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
831	}
832	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
833	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
834		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
835		   howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
836	} else {
837		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
838		    howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT) - sizeof(int32_t);
839		if (isappleufs) {
840			/* Apple PR2216969 gives rationale for this change.
841			 * I believe they were mistaken, but we need to
842			 * duplicate it for compatibility.  -- dbj@NetBSD.org
843			 */
844			acg.cg_clustersumoff += sizeof(int32_t);
845		}
846		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
847		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(int32_t));
848		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
849		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(int32_t);
850		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
851		    howmany(ffs_fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
852	}
853	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > (unsigned)sblock.fs_cgsize) {
854		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
855		fserr(37);
856	}
857	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
858	if (cylno == 0)
859		for (u = 0; u < UFS_ROOTINO; u++) {
860			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg, 0), u);
861			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
862		}
863	if (cylno > 0) {
864		/*
865		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
866		 * for boot and super blocks.
867		 */
868		for (d = 0, blkno = 0; d < dlower;) {
869			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
870			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
871				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
872			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
873			if (Oflag <= 1) {
874				int cn = old_cbtocylno(&sblock, d);
875				old_cg_blktot(&acg, 0)[cn]++;
876				old_cg_blks(&sblock, &acg,
877				    cn, 0)[old_cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
878			}
879			d += sblock.fs_frag;
880			blkno++;
881		}
882	}
883	if ((i = (dupper & (sblock.fs_frag - 1))) != 0) {
884		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
885		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
886			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), dupper);
887			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
888		}
889	}
890	for (d = dupper, blkno = dupper >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
891	     d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk; ) {
892		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
893		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
894			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
895		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
896		if (Oflag <= 1) {
897			int cn = old_cbtocylno(&sblock, d);
898			old_cg_blktot(&acg, 0)[cn]++;
899			old_cg_blks(&sblock, &acg,
900			    cn, 0)[old_cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
901		}
902		d += sblock.fs_frag;
903		blkno++;
904	}
905	if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
906		acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
907		for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
908			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), d);
909			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
910		}
911	}
912	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
913		int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg, 0);
914		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg, 0);
915		int map = *mapp++;
916		int bit = 1;
917		int run = 0;
918
919		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
920			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
921				run++;
922			} else if (run != 0) {
923				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
924					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
925				sump[run]++;
926				run = 0;
927			}
928			if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != (CHAR_BIT - 1)) {
929				bit <<= 1;
930			} else {
931				map = *mapp++;
932				bit = 1;
933			}
934		}
935		if (run != 0) {
936			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
937				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
938			sump[run]++;
939		}
940	}
941	*fscs_next++ = acg.cg_cs;
942	if (fscs_next == fscs_end) {
943		/* write block of cylinder group summary info into cyl 0 */
944		if (needswap)
945			ffs_csum_swap(fscs_reset, fscs_reset, sblock.fs_fsize);
946		fs_csaddr++;
947		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, fs_csaddr), sblock.fs_fsize, fscs_reset);
948		fscs_next = fscs_reset;
949		memset(fscs_next, 0, sblock.fs_fsize);
950	}
951	/*
952	 * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
953	 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
954	 */
955	start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE;
956	memcpy(&iobuf[start], &acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
957	if (needswap)
958		ffs_cg_swap(&acg, (struct cg*)&iobuf[start], &sblock);
959	start += sblock.fs_bsize;
960	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
961	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
962	for (i = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2) * FFS_INOPB(&sblock); i != 0; i--) {
963		if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
964			/* No need to swap, it'll stay random */
965			dp1->di_gen = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
966			dp1++;
967		} else {
968			dp2->di_gen = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
969			dp2++;
970		}
971	}
972	wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf);
973	/*
974	 * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
975	 */
976	if (sblock.fs_magic != FS_UFS1_MAGIC)
977		return;
978
979	/* Write 'd' (usually 16 * fs_frag) file-system fragments at once */
980	d = (iobuf_memsize - start) / sblock.fs_bsize * sblock.fs_frag;
981	dupper = sblock.fs_ipg / FFS_INOPF(&sblock);
982	for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag; i < dupper; i += d) {
983		if (d > dupper - i)
984			d = dupper - i;
985		dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
986		do
987			dp1->di_gen = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
988		while ((char *)++dp1 < &iobuf[iobuf_memsize]);
989		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
990		    d * sblock.fs_bsize / sblock.fs_frag, &iobuf[start]);
991	}
992}
993
994/*
995 * initialize the file system
996 */
997
998#ifdef LOSTDIR
999#define	PREDEFDIR 3
1000#else
1001#define	PREDEFDIR 2
1002#endif
1003
1004struct direct root_dir[] = {
1005	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
1006	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
1007#ifdef LOSTDIR
1008	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
1009#endif
1010};
1011struct odirect {
1012	u_int32_t d_ino;
1013	u_int16_t d_reclen;
1014	u_int16_t d_namlen;
1015	u_char	d_name[FFS_MAXNAMLEN + 1];
1016} oroot_dir[] = {
1017	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
1018	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
1019#ifdef LOSTDIR
1020	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
1021#endif
1022};
1023#ifdef LOSTDIR
1024struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
1025	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
1026	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
1027	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
1028};
1029struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
1030	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
1031	{ UFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
1032	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
1033};
1034#endif
1035
1036static void copy_dir(struct direct *, struct direct *);
1037
1038int
1039fsinit(const struct timeval *tv, mode_t mfsmode, uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
1040{
1041	union dinode node;
1042	union Buffer buf __aligned(DEV_BSIZE);
1043	int i;
1044	int qblocks = 0;
1045	int qinos = 0;
1046	uint8_t q2h_hash_shift;
1047	uint16_t q2h_hash_mask;
1048#ifdef LOSTDIR
1049	int dirblksiz = DIRBLKSIZ;
1050	if (isappleufs)
1051		dirblksiz = APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ;
1052	int nextino = LOSTFOUNDINO+1;
1053#else
1054	int nextino = UFS_ROOTINO+1;
1055#endif
1056
1057	/*
1058	 * initialize the node
1059	 */
1060
1061#ifdef LOSTDIR
1062	/*
1063	 * create the lost+found directory
1064	 */
1065	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1066	if (Oflag == 0) {
1067		(void)makedir(&buf, (struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
1068		for (i = dirblksiz; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += dirblksiz)
1069			copy_dir((struct direct*)&olost_found_dir[2],
1070				(struct direct*)&buf[i]);
1071	} else {
1072		(void)makedir(&buf, lost_found_dir, 2);
1073		for (i = dirblksiz; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += dirblksiz)
1074			copy_dir(&lost_found_dir[2], (struct direct*)&buf[i]);
1075	}
1076	if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
1077		node.dp1.di_atime = tv->tv_sec;
1078		node.dp1.di_atimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1079		node.dp1.di_mtime = tv->tv_sec;
1080		node.dp1.di_mtimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1081		node.dp1.di_ctime = tv->tv_sec;
1082		node.dp1.di_ctimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1083		node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
1084		node.dp1.di_nlink = 2;
1085		node.dp1.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
1086		node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(node.dp1.di_size, node.dp1.di_mode);
1087		if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
1088			return (0);
1089		node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1090		    node.dp1.di_size));
1091		qblocks += node.dp1.di_blocks;
1092		node.dp1.di_uid = geteuid();
1093		node.dp1.di_gid = getegid();
1094		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), node.dp1.di_size,
1095		    buf);
1096	} else {
1097		node.dp2.di_atime = tv->tv_sec;
1098		node.dp2.di_atimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1099		node.dp2.di_mtime = tv->tv_sec;
1100		node.dp2.di_mtimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1101		node.dp2.di_ctime = tv->tv_sec;
1102		node.dp2.di_ctimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1103		node.dp2.di_birthtime = tv->tv_sec;
1104		node.dp2.di_birthnsec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1105		node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
1106		node.dp2.di_nlink = 2;
1107		node.dp2.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
1108		node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(node.dp2.di_size, node.dp2.di_mode);
1109		if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
1110			return (0);
1111		node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1112		    node.dp2.di_size));
1113		qblocks += node.dp2.di_blocks;
1114		node.dp2.di_uid = geteuid();
1115		node.dp2.di_gid = getegid();
1116		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), node.dp2.di_size,
1117		    buf);
1118	}
1119	qinos++;
1120	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
1121#endif
1122	/*
1123	 * create the root directory
1124	 */
1125	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1126	if (Oflag <= 1) {
1127		if (mfs) {
1128			node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | mfsmode;
1129			node.dp1.di_uid = mfsuid;
1130			node.dp1.di_gid = mfsgid;
1131		} else {
1132			node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
1133			node.dp1.di_uid = geteuid();
1134			node.dp1.di_gid = getegid();
1135		}
1136		node.dp1.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
1137		if (Oflag == 0)
1138			node.dp1.di_size = makedir(&buf,
1139			    (struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
1140		else
1141			node.dp1.di_size = makedir(&buf, root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
1142		node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
1143		if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
1144			return (0);
1145		node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1146		    node.dp1.di_size));
1147		qblocks += node.dp1.di_blocks;
1148		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, &buf);
1149	} else {
1150		if (mfs) {
1151			node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | mfsmode;
1152			node.dp2.di_uid = mfsuid;
1153			node.dp2.di_gid = mfsgid;
1154		} else {
1155			node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
1156			node.dp2.di_uid = geteuid();
1157			node.dp2.di_gid = getegid();
1158		}
1159		node.dp2.di_atime = tv->tv_sec;
1160		node.dp2.di_atimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1161		node.dp2.di_mtime = tv->tv_sec;
1162		node.dp2.di_mtimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1163		node.dp2.di_ctime = tv->tv_sec;
1164		node.dp2.di_ctimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1165		node.dp2.di_birthtime = tv->tv_sec;
1166		node.dp2.di_birthnsec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1167		node.dp2.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
1168		node.dp2.di_size = makedir(&buf, root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
1169		node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
1170		if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
1171			return (0);
1172		node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1173		    node.dp2.di_size));
1174		qblocks += node.dp2.di_blocks;
1175		wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, &buf);
1176	}
1177	qinos++;
1178	iput(&node, UFS_ROOTINO);
1179	/*
1180	 * compute the size of the hash table
1181	 * We know the smallest block size is 4k, so we can use 2k
1182	 * for the hash table; as an entry is 8 bytes we can store
1183	 * 256 entries. So let start q2h_hash_shift at 8
1184	 */
1185	for (q2h_hash_shift = 8;
1186	    q2h_hash_shift < 15;
1187	    q2h_hash_shift++) {
1188		if ((sizeof(uint64_t) << (q2h_hash_shift + 1)) +
1189		    sizeof(struct quota2_header) > (u_int)sblock.fs_bsize)
1190			break;
1191	}
1192	q2h_hash_mask = (1 << q2h_hash_shift) - 1;
1193	for (i = 0; i < MAXQUOTAS; i++) {
1194		struct quota2_header *q2h;
1195		struct quota2_entry *q2e;
1196		uint64_t offset;
1197		uid_t uid = (i == USRQUOTA ? geteuid() : getegid());
1198
1199		if ((quotas & FS_Q2_DO_TYPE(i)) == 0)
1200			continue;
1201		quota2_create_blk0(sblock.fs_bsize, &buf, q2h_hash_shift,
1202		    i, needswap);
1203		/* grab an entry from header for root dir */
1204		q2h = &buf.q2h;
1205		offset = ufs_rw64(q2h->q2h_free, needswap);
1206		q2e = (void *)((char *)&buf + offset);
1207		q2h->q2h_free = q2e->q2e_next;
1208		memcpy(q2e, &q2h->q2h_defentry, sizeof(*q2e));
1209		q2e->q2e_uid = ufs_rw32(uid, needswap);
1210		q2e->q2e_val[QL_BLOCK].q2v_cur = ufs_rw64(qblocks, needswap);
1211		q2e->q2e_val[QL_FILE].q2v_cur = ufs_rw64(qinos, needswap);
1212		/* add to the hash entry */
1213		q2e->q2e_next = q2h->q2h_entries[uid & q2h_hash_mask];
1214		q2h->q2h_entries[uid & q2h_hash_mask] =
1215		    ufs_rw64(offset, needswap);
1216
1217		memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1218		if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
1219			node.dp1.di_atime = tv->tv_sec;
1220			node.dp1.di_atimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1221			node.dp1.di_mtime = tv->tv_sec;
1222			node.dp1.di_mtimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1223			node.dp1.di_ctime = tv->tv_sec;
1224			node.dp1.di_ctimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1225			node.dp1.di_mode = IFREG;
1226			node.dp1.di_nlink = 1;
1227			node.dp1.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
1228			node.dp1.di_db[0] =
1229			    alloc(node.dp1.di_size, node.dp1.di_mode);
1230			if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
1231				return (0);
1232			node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1233			    node.dp1.di_size));
1234			node.dp1.di_uid = geteuid();
1235			node.dp1.di_gid = getegid();
1236			wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]),
1237			     node.dp1.di_size, &buf);
1238		} else {
1239			node.dp2.di_atime = tv->tv_sec;
1240			node.dp2.di_atimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1241			node.dp2.di_mtime = tv->tv_sec;
1242			node.dp2.di_mtimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1243			node.dp2.di_ctime = tv->tv_sec;
1244			node.dp2.di_ctimensec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1245			node.dp2.di_birthtime = tv->tv_sec;
1246			node.dp2.di_birthnsec = tv->tv_usec * 1000;
1247			node.dp2.di_mode = IFREG;
1248			node.dp2.di_nlink = 1;
1249			node.dp2.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
1250			node.dp2.di_db[0] =
1251			    alloc(node.dp2.di_size, node.dp2.di_mode);
1252			if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
1253				return (0);
1254			node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(ffs_fragroundup(&sblock,
1255			    node.dp2.di_size));
1256			node.dp2.di_uid = geteuid();
1257			node.dp2.di_gid = getegid();
1258			wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]),
1259			    node.dp2.di_size, &buf);
1260		}
1261		iput(&node, nextino);
1262		sblock.fs_quotafile[i] = nextino;
1263		nextino++;
1264	}
1265	return (1);
1266}
1267
1268/*
1269 * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
1270 * return size of directory.
1271 */
1272int
1273makedir(union Buffer *buf, struct direct *protodir, int entries)
1274{
1275	char *cp;
1276	int i, spcleft;
1277	int dirblksiz = UFS_DIRBLKSIZ;
1278	if (isappleufs)
1279		dirblksiz = APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ;
1280
1281	memset(buf, 0, dirblksiz);
1282	spcleft = dirblksiz;
1283	for (cp = buf->data, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
1284		protodir[i].d_reclen = UFS_DIRSIZ(Oflag == 0, &protodir[i], 0);
1285		copy_dir(&protodir[i], (struct direct*)cp);
1286		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
1287		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
1288	}
1289	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
1290	copy_dir(&protodir[i], (struct direct*)cp);
1291	return (dirblksiz);
1292}
1293
1294/*
1295 * allocate a block or frag
1296 */
1297daddr_t
1298alloc(int size, int mode)
1299{
1300	int i, frag;
1301	daddr_t d, blkno;
1302
1303	rdfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
1304	/* fs -> host byte order */
1305	if (needswap)
1306		ffs_cg_swap(&acg, &acg, &sblock);
1307	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1308		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1309		return (0);
1310	}
1311	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
1312		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
1313		return (0);
1314	}
1315	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
1316		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg, 0),
1317		    d >> sblock.fs_fragshift))
1318			goto goth;
1319	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
1320	return (0);
1321goth:
1322	blkno = ffs_fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
1323	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
1324	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
1325		clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg, 0), blkno);
1326	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
1327	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
1328	fscs_0->cs_nbfree--;
1329	if (mode & IFDIR) {
1330		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
1331		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1332		fscs_0->cs_ndir++;
1333	}
1334	if (Oflag <= 1) {
1335		int cn = old_cbtocylno(&sblock, d);
1336		old_cg_blktot(&acg, 0)[cn]--;
1337		old_cg_blks(&sblock, &acg,
1338		    cn, 0)[old_cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
1339	}
1340	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
1341		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
1342		fscs_0->cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1343		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1344		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1345		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
1346		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
1347			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg, 0), d + i);
1348	}
1349	/* host -> fs byte order */
1350	if (needswap)
1351		ffs_cg_swap(&acg, &acg, &sblock);
1352	wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
1353	return (d);
1354}
1355
1356/*
1357 * Allocate an inode on the disk
1358 */
1359static void
1360iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
1361{
1362	daddr_t d;
1363	int i;
1364	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
1365	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
1366
1367	rdfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
1368	/* fs -> host byte order */
1369	if (needswap)
1370		ffs_cg_swap(&acg, &acg, &sblock);
1371	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1372		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1373		fserr(31);
1374	}
1375	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1376	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg, 0), ino);
1377	/* host -> fs byte order */
1378	if (needswap)
1379		ffs_cg_swap(&acg, &acg, &sblock);
1380	wtfs(FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
1381	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1382	fscs_0->cs_nifree--;
1383	if (ino >= (ino_t)(sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg)) {
1384		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%llu).\n",
1385		    (unsigned long long)ino);
1386		fserr(32);
1387	}
1388	d = FFS_FSBTODB(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1389	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)iobuf);
1390	if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
1391		dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf;
1392		dp1 += ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino);
1393		if (needswap) {
1394			ffs_dinode1_swap(&ip->dp1, dp1);
1395			/* ffs_dinode1_swap() doesn't swap blocks addrs */
1396			for (i=0; i<UFS_NDADDR; i++)
1397			    dp1->di_db[i] = bswap32(ip->dp1.di_db[i]);
1398			for (i=0; i<UFS_NIADDR; i++)
1399			    dp1->di_ib[i] = bswap32(ip->dp1.di_ib[i]);
1400		} else
1401			*dp1 = ip->dp1;
1402		dp1->di_gen = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
1403	} else {
1404		dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf;
1405		dp2 += ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino);
1406		if (needswap) {
1407			ffs_dinode2_swap(&ip->dp2, dp2);
1408			for (i=0; i<UFS_NDADDR; i++)
1409			    dp2->di_db[i] = bswap64(ip->dp2.di_db[i]);
1410			for (i=0; i<UFS_NIADDR; i++)
1411			    dp2->di_ib[i] = bswap64(ip->dp2.di_ib[i]);
1412		} else
1413			*dp2 = ip->dp2;
1414		dp2->di_gen = arc4random() & INT32_MAX;
1415	}
1416	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, iobuf);
1417}
1418
1419/*
1420 * read a block from the file system
1421 */
1422void
1423rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1424{
1425	int n;
1426	off_t offset;
1427
1428#ifdef MFS
1429	if (mfs) {
1430		if (Nflag)
1431			memset(bf, 0, size);
1432		else
1433			memmove(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1434		return;
1435	}
1436#endif
1437	offset = bno;
1438	n = pread(fsi, bf, size, offset * sectorsize);
1439	if (n != size) {
1440		printf("rdfs: read error for sector %lld: %s\n",
1441		    (long long)bno, strerror(errno));
1442		exit(34);
1443	}
1444}
1445
1446/*
1447 * write a block to the file system
1448 */
1449void
1450wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1451{
1452	int n;
1453	off_t offset;
1454
1455	if (Nflag)
1456		return;
1457#ifdef MFS
1458	if (mfs) {
1459		memmove(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1460		return;
1461	}
1462#endif
1463	offset = bno;
1464	n = pwrite(fso, bf, size, offset * sectorsize);
1465	if (n != size) {
1466		printf("wtfs: write error for sector %lld: %s\n",
1467		    (long long)bno, strerror(errno));
1468		exit(36);
1469	}
1470}
1471
1472/*
1473 * check if a block is available
1474 */
1475int
1476isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1477{
1478	unsigned char mask;
1479
1480	switch (fs->fs_fragshift) {
1481	case 3:
1482		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1483	case 2:
1484		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1485		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1486	case 1:
1487		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1488		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1489	case 0:
1490		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1491		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1492	default:
1493#ifdef STANDALONE
1494		printf("isblock bad fs_fragshift %d\n", fs->fs_fragshift);
1495#else
1496		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_fragshift %d\n",
1497		    fs->fs_fragshift);
1498#endif
1499		return (0);
1500	}
1501}
1502
1503/*
1504 * take a block out of the map
1505 */
1506void
1507clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1508{
1509	switch ((fs)->fs_fragshift) {
1510	case 3:
1511		cp[h] = 0;
1512		return;
1513	case 2:
1514		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1515		return;
1516	case 1:
1517		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1518		return;
1519	case 0:
1520		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1521		return;
1522	default:
1523#ifdef STANDALONE
1524		printf("clrblock bad fs_fragshift %d\n", fs->fs_fragshift);
1525#else
1526		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_fragshift %d\n",
1527		    fs->fs_fragshift);
1528#endif
1529		return;
1530	}
1531}
1532
1533/*
1534 * put a block into the map
1535 */
1536void
1537setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1538{
1539	switch (fs->fs_fragshift) {
1540	case 3:
1541		cp[h] = 0xff;
1542		return;
1543	case 2:
1544		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1545		return;
1546	case 1:
1547		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1548		return;
1549	case 0:
1550		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1551		return;
1552	default:
1553#ifdef STANDALONE
1554		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_fragshift);
1555#else
1556		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_fragshift %d\n",
1557		    fs->fs_fragshift);
1558#endif
1559		return;
1560	}
1561}
1562
1563/* copy a direntry to a buffer, in fs byte order */
1564static void
1565copy_dir(struct direct *dir, struct direct *dbuf)
1566{
1567	memcpy(dbuf, dir, UFS_DIRSIZ(Oflag == 0, dir, 0));
1568	if (needswap) {
1569		dbuf->d_ino = bswap32(dir->d_ino);
1570		dbuf->d_reclen = bswap16(dir->d_reclen);
1571		if (Oflag == 0)
1572			((struct odirect*)dbuf)->d_namlen =
1573				bswap16(((struct odirect*)dir)->d_namlen);
1574	}
1575}
1576
1577static int
1578ilog2(int val)
1579{
1580	u_int n;
1581
1582	for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
1583		if (1 << n == val)
1584			return (n);
1585	errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2", val);
1586}
1587
1588static void
1589zap_old_sblock(int sblkoff)
1590{
1591	static int cg0_data;
1592	uint32_t oldfs[SBLOCKSIZE / 4] __aligned(DEV_BSIZE);
1593	static const struct fsm {
1594		uint32_t	offset;
1595		uint32_t	magic;
1596		uint32_t	mask;
1597	} fs_magics[] = {
1598		{offsetof(struct fs, fs_magic)/4, FS_UFS1_MAGIC, ~0u},
1599		{offsetof(struct fs, fs_magic)/4, FS_UFS2_MAGIC, ~0u},
1600		{0, 0x70162, ~0u},		/* LFS_MAGIC */
1601		{14, 0xef53, 0xffff},		/* EXT2FS (little) */
1602		{14, 0xef530000, 0xffff0000},	/* EXT2FS (big) */
1603		{.offset = ~0u},
1604	};
1605	const struct fsm *fsm;
1606
1607	if (Nflag)
1608		return;
1609
1610	if (sblkoff == 0)	/* Why did UFS2 add support for this?  sigh. */
1611		return;
1612
1613	if (cg0_data == 0)
1614		/* For FFSv1 this could include all the inodes. */
1615		cg0_data = cgsblock(&sblock, 0) * sblock.fs_fsize + iobufsize;
1616
1617	/* Ignore anything that is beyond our filesystem */
1618	if ((sblkoff + SBLOCKSIZE)/sectorsize >= fssize)
1619		return;
1620	/* Zero anything inside our filesystem... */
1621	if (sblkoff >= sblock.fs_sblockloc) {
1622		/* ...unless we will write that area anyway */
1623		if (sblkoff >= cg0_data)
1624			wtfs(sblkoff / sectorsize,
1625			    roundup(sizeof sblock, sectorsize), iobuf);
1626		return;
1627	}
1628
1629	/* The sector might contain boot code, so we must validate it */
1630	rdfs(sblkoff/sectorsize, sizeof oldfs, &oldfs);
1631	for (fsm = fs_magics; ; fsm++) {
1632		uint32_t v;
1633		if (fsm->mask == 0)
1634			return;
1635		v = oldfs[fsm->offset];
1636		if ((v & fsm->mask) == fsm->magic ||
1637		    (bswap32(v) & fsm->mask) == fsm->magic)
1638			break;
1639	}
1640
1641	/* Just zap the magic number */
1642	oldfs[fsm->offset] = 0;
1643	wtfs(sblkoff/sectorsize, sizeof oldfs, &oldfs);
1644}
1645
1646
1647#ifdef MFS
1648/*
1649 * Internal version of malloc that trims the requested size if not enough
1650 * memory is available.
1651 */
1652static void *
1653mkfs_malloc(size_t size)
1654{
1655	u_long pgsz;
1656	caddr_t *memory, *extra;
1657	size_t exsize = 128 * 1024;
1658
1659	if (size == 0)
1660		return (NULL);
1661
1662	pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1663	size = (size + pgsz) &~ pgsz;
1664
1665	/* try to map requested size */
1666	memory = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE,
1667	    -1, 0);
1668	if (memory == MAP_FAILED)
1669		return NULL;
1670
1671	/* try to map something extra */
1672	extra = mmap(0, exsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE,
1673	    -1, 0);
1674	if (extra != MAP_FAILED)
1675		munmap(extra, exsize);
1676
1677	/* if extra memory couldn't be mapped, reduce original request accordingly */
1678	if (extra == MAP_FAILED) {
1679		munmap(memory, size);
1680		size -= exsize;
1681		memory = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE,
1682		    -1, 0);
1683		if (memory == MAP_FAILED)
1684			return NULL;
1685	}
1686
1687	return memory;
1688}
1689#endif	/* MFS */
1690