1# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database 2 3# This file is in the public domain. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know 6# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# When proposing changes to this file, please use 'git format-patch' 11# format, either by attaching the resulting .patch file to your email, 12# or by using 'git send-email'. This will help maintainers save time. 13 14 15# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 16 17# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, 18# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. 19# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in 20# the file 'backward'. 21 22# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing 23# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny 24# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover 25# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the 26# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of 27# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or 28# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they 29# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. 30 31# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 32# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 33# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 34# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 35 36# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it 37# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use 38# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. 39 40 41# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 42# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. 43# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. 44# 45# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 46# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be 47# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones 48# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do 49# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that 50# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, 51# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 52# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the 53# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of 54# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, 55# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from 56# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China 57# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it 58# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under 59# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry 60# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at 61# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 62# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data 63# currently listed in the tz database according to official 64# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in 65# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time 66# being cited on the webpage. 67 68 69# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the 70# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other 71# commentary and rules associated with the entry. 72# If the zone overrides links in the main data, it 73# is followed by the corresponding Link lines. 74# If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with 75# PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line 76# that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab". 77# 78# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: 79# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80# and the rule columns are: 81# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82 83 84# Ghana 85 86# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 87# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] 88# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 89# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 90# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the 91# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. 92# 93# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] 94# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 95# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 96# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. 97# 98# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) 99# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) 100# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 101# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 102# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. 103# 104# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] 105# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 106# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 107# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 108# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. 109# 110# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 111# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] 112# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 113# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 114# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 115# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. 116# 117# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, 118# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] 119# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 120# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 121# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 122# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. 123# 124# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of 125# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] 126# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 127# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 128# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 129# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. 130# 131# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] 132# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 133# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 134# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 135# This Ordinance abolished DST. 136# 137# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] 138# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 139# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 140# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 141# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. 142# 143# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) 144# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 145# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 146# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. 147# 148# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] 149# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the 150# Year 1956, p 83 151# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 152# This Ordinance abolished DST. 153 154 155 156# Ethiopia 157# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 158# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 159# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 160# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 161# 162# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly spaced time 163# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 164# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 165# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 166# anyway. 167 168# Eritrea 169Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera 170 171# Mali (southern) 172 173# Central African Republic 174 175# The Gambia 176# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 177# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was 178# adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. 179# 180# Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] 181# Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] 182# Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, 183# No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 184# Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] 185 186# Malawi 187# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 188# In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In 189# 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, 190# GMT+2 was adopted. 191# 192# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) 193# [1911-07-24] 194# Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. 195# XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 196# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of 197# 1925) [1925-04-02] 198 199# Republic of the Congo 200 201# Burundi 202 203# Guinea 204 205# Senegal 206 207# Tanzania 208 209# Djibouti 210 211# Cameroon 212# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 213# Sierra Leone 214# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 215# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was 216# introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by 217# Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. 218# 219# Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, 220# Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 221# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] 222# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] 223# Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 224# Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 225# Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of 226# 1941), 1914-12-04 227# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] 228 229# From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): 230# For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the 231# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time 232# Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout 233# that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the 234# Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, 235# 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 236# 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 237# 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 238# 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 239# 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 240# 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 241# 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 242# 243# Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this 244# period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: 245# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html 246# Go with the above. 247 248 249 250# Botswana 251# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 252# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 253# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 254 255# Zimbabwe 256 257# Uganda 258 259# Rwanda 260 261# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) 262 263# Gabon 264 265# Togo 266 267# Angola 268# 269# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 270# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 271# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 272# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 273# 274 275# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) 276# 277# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28): 278# My main source for its time zone history is 279# Henri le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique. 280# Shanks follows le Corre. As does Fran��oise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book 281# Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus pour le monde entier. 282# 283 284# Zambia 285 286# Equatorial Guinea 287# 288# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, 289# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, 290# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries 291# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. 292# 293 294# Lesotho 295 296# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 297 298# Somalia 299 300# Niger 301 302# Mauritania 303 304# Burkina Faso 305 306# Benin 307# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 308# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 309 310# Mali (northern) 311Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 312 0:00 - GMT 313 314# Anguilla 315 316# Antigua and Barbuda 317 318# Chubut, Argentina 319# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. 320Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 321 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May 322 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 323 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 324 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 325 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 326 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 327 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 328 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 329 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 330 -3:00 - -03 331 332# Aruba 333 334# Atikokan, Ontario 335 336# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): 337# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star 338# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, 339# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. 340# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) 341# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html 342# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. 343# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report 344# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. 345# 346# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 347# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and 348# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes 349# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in 350# violation of the official Ontario rules. 351# 352# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): 353# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the 354# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: 355# 356# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. 357# This means they spend about half the time on central time and 358# the other half on eastern time. 359# 360# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. 361# 362# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern 363# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he 364# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." 365# 366# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang 367# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." 368 369# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: 370# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory 371# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he 372# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current 373# time keeping since 1952, at least. 374 375# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): 376# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River 377# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from 378# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan 379# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time 380# ended. This matches the old (less populous) America/Coral_Harbour 381# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move 382# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. 383 384 385# Quebec east of Natashquan 386 387# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 388# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map 389# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) 390# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp 391# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe 392# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and 393# residents east of Natashquan use AST. 394# The Quebec department of justice writes in 395# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-C��te-Nord" 396# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ 397# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon 398# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. 399# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, 400# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. 401# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to 402# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. 403 404 405# Cayman Is 406 407# United States 408# 409# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 410# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: 411# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse 412# clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' 413# time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." 414# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) 415# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 416 417# Canada 418Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 419 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 420 -5:00 - EST 421 422# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): 423# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia 424# that do not currently observe daylight saving: 425# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) 426# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District 427# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) 428 429# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time 430# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the 431# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. 432# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 433# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. 434# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. 435# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. 436 437# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains 438# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months 439# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just 440# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing 441# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the 442# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. 443# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 444 445# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: 446# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) 447# Exact date unknown 448# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) 449# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. 450# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) 451# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. 452# note 1: 453# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, 454# Creston did not change its clocks. 455# note 2: 456# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, 457# Creston did not oblige. 458# note 3: 459# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time 460# (UTC-7) forever. 461# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. 462# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html 463 464# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. 465# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying 466# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before 467# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this 468# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough 469# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. 470 471# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. 472 473 474# Cura��ao 475# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Cura��ao mean time; round to nearest. 476# 477# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 478# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at 479# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that 480# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 481# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say 482# Saba Island has been like Cura��ao. 483# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. 484# 485# By July 2007 Cura��ao and St Maarten are planned to become 486# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; 487# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the 488# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones 489# though, as far as we know. 490# 491 492# Dominica 493 494# Baja California 495# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. 496Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 497 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 498 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 499 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 500 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 501 -8:00 - PST 1996 502 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 503 504# Grenada 505 506# Guadeloupe 507 508 509# Canada 510# 511# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): 512# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see 513# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database 514# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec 515# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone 516# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & 517# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the 518# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. 519# 520Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D 521Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S 522Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D 523Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S 524Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D 525Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S 526Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D 527Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D 528Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D 529Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S 530Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 531Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D 532Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S 533Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D 534Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S 535Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 536Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 537Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 538Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 539Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 540Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 541 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 542 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 543 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 544 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 545 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 546 -5:00 Canada E%sT 547 548# Montserrat 549# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 550# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. 551# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. 552 553# The Bahamas 554# 555# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. 556# 557# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): 558# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 559# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. 560# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. 561# 562# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] 563# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 564# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 565# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 566# 567# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] 568# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 569# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 570# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 571# 572# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order 573# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year 574# 1945. p 160, 247-248 575# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 576# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 577# 578# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): 579# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST 580# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... 581# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 582 583 584 585# Canada 586# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 587# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted 588# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. 589# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 590# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. 591Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895 592 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29 593 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 594 -5:00 Canada E%sT 595 596# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 597# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time, 598# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble: 599# 600# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time: 601# 602# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP, 603# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist 604# 605# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time: 606# 607# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator 608# 609# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news. 610# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to 611# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not 612# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally. 613# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart, 614# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long. 615# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to 616# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with 617# the current state of affairs. 618 619# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the 620# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19): 621# http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html 622# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, 623# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time 624# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] 625# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. 626 627# From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): 628# The implication is that Pangnirtung and Qikiqtarjuaq have observed Eastern 629# Time as far back as 1984 (and likely even further back than that). 630# It is possible that these communities never actually observed Atlantic 631# Time, but that would be difficult to prove. 632# From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06): 633# This is in 'backzone' as we have no good evidence that Pangnirtung differs 634# from America/Iqaluit since 1970. A Google Books snippet view of 635# volume 2, page 186 of "Pilot of Arctic Canada", published 1959 by 636# the Canadian Hydrographic Service, suggests (though does not state) 637# that Pangnirtung observed EST then. 638# 639# aka Panniqtuuq 640Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est. 641 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 642 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 643 -5:00 Canada E%sT 644 645# United States 646# 647# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 648# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks 649# in 1946/7. See the following notes. 650# 651# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): 652# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter 653# months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm 654# Springs forward by an hour in the winter. 655# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ 656# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 657# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 658# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. 659# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 660# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 661# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. 662# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 663# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 664# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". 665# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 666# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 667# front page reports on end. 668 669# Trinidad and Tobago 670 671# Canada 672# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 673# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted 674# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. 675# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 676# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. 677Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 678 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 679 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 680 -6:00 Canada C%sT 681 682# Argentina 683# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by 684# more detailed zones. 685# Santa Fe (SF), Entre R��os (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), 686# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) 687Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov 688 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May 689 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 690 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 691 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul 692 -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 693 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 694 -3:00 - -03 695 696# St Kitts-Nevis 697 698# St Lucia 699 700# US Virgin Is 701Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin 702 703# St Vincent and the Grenadines 704 705# Canada 706# 707# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): 708# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and 709# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in 710# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw, 711# Saskatchewan, for one year." 712# 713# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator, 714# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12): 715# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight 716# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur 717# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central 718# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to 719# include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight 720# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so 721# already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World 722# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer 723# months for the remainder of the war years. 724# 725# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06): 726# According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge, 727# covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins. 728# The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after, 729# like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in 730# America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the 731# zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova 732# Scotia).... 733# 734# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 735# The TZ database currently shows that Thunder Bay has observed daylight 736# saving every year from 1970 onwards with the exception of 1973. 737# Back in July I raised some doubts on this mailing list about the 1973 data. 738# I now have more proof that it is wrong. 739# [attached Chronicle-Journal front pages, 1973-04-28 and 1973-10-27] 740# 741# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 742# This is now a link in the primary data. The following entry is 743# from Shanks & Pottenger, with corrections as noted above. 744# 745Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895 746 -6:00 - CST 1910 747 -5:00 - EST 1942 748 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970 749 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 750 -5:00 Canada E%sT 751 752# British Virgin Is 753 754# Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 755Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded? 756 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 757 -7:00 Canada M%sT 758 759# Dumont d'Urville, ��le des P��trels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 760# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) 761# 762# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 763# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 764# 765 766# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 767Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 768 769# Syowa, Antarctica 770# 771# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 772# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 773# 774# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 775# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 776# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 777# See: 778# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 779# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html 780 781# Yemen 782# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 783# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 784 785# Bahrain 786# 787# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): 788# Most of this data comes from: 789# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story 790# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. 791# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 792# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and 793# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in 794# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at 795# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's 796# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. 797# 798# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: 799# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India 800# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library 801# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b 802# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. 803# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions 804# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and 805# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) 806# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb 807# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly 808# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived 809# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus 810# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to 811# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. 812 813# Brunei 814 815# India 816# 817# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 818# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras 819# civil time was 5:20:57.3. 820# 821# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): 822# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time 823# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways 824# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80�� 18' 30" E). Also, 825# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: 826# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece 827#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] 828 829# China 830# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 831# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 832# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 833# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 834# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 835Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 836 7:00 - +07 1980 May 837 8:00 PRC C%sT 838Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking 839 840# Vietnam 841# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 842# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. 843# Tr���n's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in 844# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. 845Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 846 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 847 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 848 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 849 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 850 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 851 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct 852 7:00 - +07 853 854# China 855# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 856# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 857Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 858 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar 859 8:00 - CST 1940 860 9:00 - +09 1966 May 861 8:30 - +0830 1980 May 862 8:00 PRC C%sT 863 864# far west China 865Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 866 5:30 - +0530 1940 867 5:00 - +05 1980 May 868 8:00 PRC C%sT 869 870# peninsular Malaysia 871# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 872# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html 873# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. 874 875# Kuwait 876 877 878# Oman 879# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 880 881# India 882# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 883# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 884# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 885# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01. 886#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] 887 888# Cambodia 889 890# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, 891# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): 892# 893# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with 894# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, 895# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan 896# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and 897# adopted Hanoi time zone again. 898# 899# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a 900# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. 901# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French 902# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian 903# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional 904# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT 905# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. 906# 907# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, 908# GMT + 7 was maintained. 909 910# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): 911# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. 912 913 914# Israel 915Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 916 2:21 - JMT 1918 917 2:00 Zion I%sT 918 919# Laos 920# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): 921# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. 922# Tr���n's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. 923# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; 924# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. 925 926# Jan Mayen 927# From Whitman: 928Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 929 930# Iceland 931# 932# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 933# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 934# 935# (1993-12-05): 936# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 937# Iceland Almanak. 938# 939# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 940# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 941# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjav��k mean solar time which 942# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 943# 944# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 945# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 946# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 947# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 948# 949# (1993-12-10): 950# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 951# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 952# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 953# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 954# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 955# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 956# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 957# might mean something else (???). 958# 959# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 960# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 961# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 962# 963 964 965# St Helena 966 967# King Island 968Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 969 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 970 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 971 10:00 AT AE%sT 972 973 974# Netherlands 975 976# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 977# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 978 979# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 980# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 981# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 982# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 983# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 984# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 985# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 986# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 987# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 988# 989# (2001-04-08): 990# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 991# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 992# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 993# 994# (2001-04-09): 995# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 996# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 997# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 998# actually followed. 999# 1000# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1001# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1002# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1003# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1004# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1005# 1006# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1007# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1008# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1009# Amsterdam mean time. 1010 1011# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1012# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1013 1014# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 1015# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for 1016# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. 1017 1018 1019 1020# Northern Ireland 1021Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1022 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 1023 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT 1024 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 1025 # IST = Irish Summer Time 1026 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1027 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1028 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1029 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1030 1031 1032# Denmark 1033 1034# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 1035# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 1036# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 1037# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 1038# 1039# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: 1040# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 1041# 1042# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 1043# in subsequent decrees with the law 1044# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 1045# 1046# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 1047# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 1048# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 1049# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 1050# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 1051# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 1052# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 1053# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 1054# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 1055# was suspended on that night): 1056# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 1057 1058# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 1059# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 1060# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 1061 1062# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 1063# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 1064# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 1065 1066 1067# Guernsey 1068# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1069# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1070# References to be added 1071# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49�� 27' 17" N, 2�� 32' 10" W. 1072 1073# Isle of Man 1074# 1075# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): 1076# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at 1077# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory 1078# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of 1079# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at 1080# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date 1081# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a 1082# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of 1083# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change 1084# was also implemented on the island. 1085# 1086# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - 1087# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) 1088 1089# Jersey 1090# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1091# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1092# References to be added 1093# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49�� 11' 0.57" N, 2�� 6' 24.33" W. 1094 1095# Slovenia 1096 1097 1098# Luxembourg 1099 1100# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1101# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1102 1103 1104# Monaco 1105# 1106# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): 1107# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at 1108# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf 1109# we read: ... 1110# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], 1111# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, 1112# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] 1113# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at 1114# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf 1115# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... 1116# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation 1117# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal 1118# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] 1119# 1120 1121 1122# Norway 1123 1124# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1125# Pottenger. 1126 1127#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1128 1129# Bosnia and Herzegovina 1130 1131# North Macedonia 1132 1133 1134# Sweden 1135 1136# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 1137# 1138# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 1139# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 1140# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 1141# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 1142# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 1143# 1144# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18�� 03' 30" 1145# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 1146# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 1147# 1148# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 1149# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 1150# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 1151# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 1152# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 1153# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1154# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 1155# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 1156# 1157# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 1158# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 1159# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 1160# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 1161# 1162# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 1163# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 1164# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 1165# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 1166# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 1167# the S��k-button). 1168# 1169# (2001-05-13): 1170# 1171# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 1172# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 1173# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 1174# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 1175# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 1176# hour before the event took place. 1177# 1178# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 1179 1180# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk 1181# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3�� west of the Stockholm Observatory. 1182 1183 1184 1185# Moldova / Transnistria 1186Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1187 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1188 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1189 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1190 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1191 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1192 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1193 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1194 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1195 1196# Ukraine 1197# 1198# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991, 1199# this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous government resolutions 1200# (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) 1201# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. 1202# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, but 1203# "Uzhgorod" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was 1204# added to TZDB in 1999. 1205Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1206 1:00 - CET 1940 1207 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1208 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1209 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1210 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1211 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1212 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1213 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 1214 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 1215 2:00 EU EE%sT 1216 1217# Liechtenstein 1218 1219# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): 1220# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894. 1221 1222# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): 1223# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... 1224# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow 1225# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. 1226 1227 1228# Croatia 1229 1230# Ukraine 1231 1232# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Zaporizhzhia and eastern Lugansk 1233# observed DST 1990/1991, this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous 1234# government resolutions (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) 1235# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. 1236# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 1237# "Zaporozhye" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was 1238# added to TZDB in 1999. 1239Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1240 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 1241 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1242 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1243 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1244 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1245 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1992 Mar 20 1246 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 1247 2:00 EU EE%sT 1248 1249# Madagascar 1250 1251# Christmas 1252 1253# Cocos (Keeling) Is 1254# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 1255# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 1256 1257# Comoros 1258 1259# Kerguelen 1260 1261# Seychelles 1262# 1263# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1264# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1265# 1266# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1267# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1268# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1269# 1270# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1271# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1272# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1273# January, 1907." 1274 1275 1276 1277# Mayotte 1278 1279# R��union 1280 1281# Micronesia 1282# Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1283# 1284# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1285# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1286# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1287# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1288# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1289# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1290 1291# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati 1292# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1293# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 1294# for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). 1295# The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for 1296# the currently inhabited representative for this timezone. 1297Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 1298 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 1299 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 1300 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 1301 0 - -00 1302 1303# Tuvalu 1304 1305# Johnston 1306Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 1307 1308# Marshall Is 1309 1310# Midway 1311# 1312# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 1313# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 1314# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 1315# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 1316# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 1317# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 1318# designations that I've never seen before:.... 1319# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 1320# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 1321# 1322 1323# Micronesia 1324# Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1325 1326# N Mariana Is 1327# 1328# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-16): 1329# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Saipan used +09 and then switched 1330# to Guam time in October 1969, this is surely wrong. 1331# Saipan used Guam time in the late 1950s; see page 4 of the minutes on the 1332# conference of the 12th Saipan Legislature and the Select Committee on 1333# Saipan Mission, 5th Guam Legislature (1959-09-11): 1334# http://www.nmhcouncil.org/nmhc_archives/U.S.%20Navy%20Civil%20Affairs%20Files%201944-1962/1959/1959%2009%2017%20letter,%20minutes%20of%20conference,%20Borja.pdf 1335# For now, assume Saipan switched to Guam time after the Battle of Saipan. 1336# 1337 1338 1339# Wake 1340 1341# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1342# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1343# 1344# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1345# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1346# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1347# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1348# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1349# impossible. 1350# 1351# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1352 1353# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1354# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1355 1356# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1357 1358 1359# Wallis and Futuna 1360 1361# Local Variables: 1362# coding: utf-8 1363# End: 1364