africa revision 1.1.1.30
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# 43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 44# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 45# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 46# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 48# +01 WAT West Africa Time 49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 51# cannot now come up with solid citations. 52# 53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 54# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 55# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 56# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 57# +03 EAT East Africa Time 58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61# Corrections are welcome. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 88# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Angola 101# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 103 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 104 1:00 - WAT 105 106# Benin 107# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 108Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 109 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 110 1:00 - WAT 111 112# Botswana 113# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 115 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 116 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 117 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 118 2:00 - CAT 119 120# Burkina Faso 121# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 123 0:00 - GMT 124 125# Burundi 126# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 128 2:00 - CAT 129 130# Cameroon 131# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 133 1:00 - WAT 134 135# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 136# 137# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 138# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 139# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 140# (see Europe/Lisbon). 141# 142# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 144 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 145 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 146 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 147 -1:00 - -01 148 149# Central African Republic 150# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 152 1:00 - WAT 153 154# Chad 155# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 157 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 158 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 159 1:00 - WAT 160 161# Comoros 162# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 164 3:00 - EAT 165 166# Democratic Republic of the Congo 167# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 169 1:00 - WAT 170 171# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 174 2:00 - CAT 175 176# Republic of the Congo 177# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 178Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 179 1:00 - WAT 180 181# C��te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 182 183# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 184# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 185# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 186# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 187# on GMT, says the CIA 188# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 189 190# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 191Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 192 0:00 - GMT 193 194# Djibouti 195# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 196Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 197 3:00 - EAT 198 199 200############################################################################### 201 202# Egypt 203 204# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 205# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 206# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 207# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 208 209# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 210Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 212Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 213Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 214Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 217Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 221Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 223Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 224Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 225Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 226Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 227Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 228Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 229# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 230# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 231 232# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 233# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 234# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 235# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 236# 237# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 238# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 239# or 240# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 241Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 242Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 243# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 244# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 245# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 246# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 247# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 248Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 249# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 250# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 251# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 252# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 253# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 254# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 255# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 256# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 257Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 258# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 259# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 260# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 261# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 262# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 263# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 264# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 265# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 266# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 267 268# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 269# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 270# 271# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 272# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 273# Apr 23 274# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 276# Apr 24 277# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 278# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 279# Aug 27 280# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 282# Aug 27 283# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 284# 285# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 286# :59) 287# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 288# 289# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 290# 291# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 292# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 293# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 294 295# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 296# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 297# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 298# in September. 299 300# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 301# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 302# Information and Decision Support Center: 303# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 304# 305# The Middle East News Agency 306# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 307# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 308# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 309# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 310# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 311# (at least today). 312 313# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 314# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 315# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 316# Ramadan. 317# 318# Arabic translation: 319# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 320# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 321# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 322 323# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 324# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 325# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 326 327# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 328# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 329 330# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 331# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 332# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 333# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 334# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 335# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 336# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 337# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 338# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 339# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 340# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 341# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 342 343# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 344# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 345# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 346# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 347# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 348# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 349 350# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 351# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 352# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 353# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 354# dates not yet announced.... 355# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 356# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 357 358# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 359# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 360# least for 2015. 361# 362# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 363# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 364# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 365# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 366# practice altogether in future years." 367# 368# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 369# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 370# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 371# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 372 373# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 374# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 375# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 376# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 377# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 378 379Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 380Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 381Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 382Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 383Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 384Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 385Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 386Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 387Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 388 389# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 391Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 392 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 393 394# Equatorial Guinea 395# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 397 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 398 1:00 - WAT 399 400# Eritrea 401# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 403 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 404 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 405 3:00 - EAT 406 407# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 408# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 410 2:00 - SAST 411 412# Ethiopia 413# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 415 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 416 3:00 - EAT 417 418# Gabon 419# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 421 1:00 - WAT 422 423# The Gambia 424# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 426 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 427 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 428 0:00 - GMT 429 430# Ghana 431# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 432Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 433Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 434Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 435Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 436Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 437Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 438 439# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 441 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 442 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 443 0:00 Ghana %s 444 445# Guinea 446# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 448 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 449 -1:00 - -01 1960 450 0:00 - GMT 451 452# Guinea-Bissau 453# 454# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 455# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 456# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 457# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 458# 459# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 460Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 461 -1:00 - -01 1975 462 0:00 - GMT 463 464# Kenya 465 466# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 467# 468# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 469# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 470# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 471# 472# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 473# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 474# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 475# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 476# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 477# 478# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 479# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 480# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 481# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 482# 483# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 484# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 485# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 486# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 487# 488# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 489# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 490# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 491# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 492# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 493# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 494# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 495# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 496# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 497# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 498# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 499# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 500# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 501# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 502 503# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 504# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 505# so just say "1908 May". 506 507# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 508# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 509# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 510# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 511# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 512# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 513# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 514 515# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 517 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 518 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 519 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 520 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 521 3:00 - EAT 522 523# Lesotho 524# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 526 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 527 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 528 2:00 - SAST 529 530# Liberia 531# 532# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 533# 534# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 535# 536# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 537# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 538# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 539# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 540# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 541# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 542# 543# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 544# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 545# 546# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 548 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 549 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 550 0:00 - GMT 551 552############################################################################### 553 554# Libya 555 556# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 557# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 558# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 559# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 560# 561# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 562# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 563# 564# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 565# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 566# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 567# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 568# lastFri instead of lastSun). 569 570# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 571# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 572# cancelled yesterday.... 573# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 574# 575# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 576# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 577 578# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 579Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 580Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 581Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 582Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 583Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 584Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 585Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 586Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 587Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 588Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 589Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 590Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 591Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 592Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 593Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 594Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 595Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 596# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 597Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 598 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 599 2:00 - EET 1982 600 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 601# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 602# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 603 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 604 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 605 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 606 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 607 2:00 - EET 608 609# Madagascar 610# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 612 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 613 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 614 3:00 - EAT 615 616# Malawi 617# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 619 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 620 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 621 2:00 - CAT 622 623# Mali 624# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 625Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 626 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 627 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 628 0:00 - GMT 629#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 630 631# Mauritania 632# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 633Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 634 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 635 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 636 0:00 - GMT 637 638# Mauritius 639 640# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 641# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 642# basis.... 643# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 644# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 645# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 646 647# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 648# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 649 650# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 651# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 652# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 653# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 654 655# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 656# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 657 658# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 659# According to 660# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 661# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 662# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 663# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 664# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 665# 666# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 667# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 668# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 669# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 670# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 671# changes two days later. 672 673# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 674# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 675# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 676# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 677# 678# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 679# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 680# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 681# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 682 683# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 684# The Government of Mauritius weblink 685# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 686# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 687# 688# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 689# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 690# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 691# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 692# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 693# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 694# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 695# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 696# and end on 29 March 2009. 697 698# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 699# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 700# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 701# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 702# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 703 704# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 705# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 706# DST the coming summer... 707# 708# Some sources, in French: 709# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 710# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 711# 712# Our wrap-up: 713# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 714 715# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 716# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 717# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 718# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 719 720# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 721Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 722Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 723Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 724Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 725# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 726Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 727 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 728# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 729# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 730 731 732# Morocco 733# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 734 735# Mayotte 736# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 737Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 738 3:00 - EAT 739 740# Morocco 741 742# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 743# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 744# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 745# 746# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 747# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 748# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 749# 750# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 751# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 752 753# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 754# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 755# Presse: 756# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 757# 758# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 759# spokesman. 760 761# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 762# According to this article: 763# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 764# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 765# the changes occur at midnight: 766# 767# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 768# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 769# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 770# 771# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 772# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 773# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 774# June 1st to Sept 27th. 775# 776# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 777# published on the web. 778# 779# It's also confirmed here: 780# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 781# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 782# posted in English). 783# 784# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 785# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 786 787# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 788# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 789# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 790# of September: 791# 792# One article about it (in French): 793# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 794# 795# We have some further details posted here: 796# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 797 798# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 799# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 800# to many sources, such as 801# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 802# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 803# (French) 804# 805# Our summary: 806# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 807 808# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 809# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 810# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 811# 812# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 813# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 814# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 815# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 816# 817# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 818# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 819 820# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 821# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 822# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 823# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 824# 825# Example: 826# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 827# (French) 828# Our page: 829# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 830 831# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 832# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 833# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 834# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 835# ...Official links of change in morocco 836# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 837# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 838# +212.537.71.84.00 839# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 840# They said that 841# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 842# is the official publication to look at. 843# They said that the decision was already taken. 844# 845# More articles in the press 846# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 847# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 848# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 849 850# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 851# They have it written in English here: 852# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 853# 854# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 855# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 856# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 857# also been like that in the past. 858 859# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 860# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 861# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 862# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 863# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 864# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 865# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 866# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 867# except the month of Ramadan. 868# or (brief) 869# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 870 871# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 872# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 873# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 874# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 875# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 876# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 877 878# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 879# Seen Morocco change again: 880# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 881# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 882# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 883 884# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 885# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 886# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 887# 888# Google translation, lightly edited: 889# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 890# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 891# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 892# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 893# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 894# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 895# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 896# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 897# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 898 899# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 900# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 901# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 902# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 903# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 904# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 905 906# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 907# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 908# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 909# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 910 911# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 912# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 913# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 914# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 915# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 916# source (French): 917# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 918# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 919# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 920 921# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 922# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 923 924# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 925# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 926# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 927# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 928# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 929 930# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 931# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 932# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 933# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 934# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 935# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 936# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 937# Source (french): 938# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 939# 940# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 941# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 942# 943# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 944# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 945# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 946# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 947# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 948# with the patch. 949 950# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 951# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 952# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 953# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 954# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 955# 956# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 957# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 958# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 959# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 960# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 961# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 962# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 963 964# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 965# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 966# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 967# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 968 969# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 970# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 971# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 972# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 973# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 974# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 975# 976# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 977# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 978# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 979# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 980# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 981# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 982# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 983# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 984# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 985# shift will be the next weekend. 986# 987# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 988# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 989# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 990# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 991# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 992# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 993# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 994# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 995# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 996# (require 'cal-islam) 997# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 998# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 999# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 1000# (sunday 0)) 1001# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 1002# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 1003# (setq b (1+ b))) 1004# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1005# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1006# (insert 1007# (format 1008# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1009# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1010# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1011# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1012# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1013# 1014# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 1015# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 1016# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 1017 1018# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1019Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1032Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1033Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1034Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1035Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1036Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1037Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1038Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1039Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1040Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1041Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1042Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1043Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1044Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1045Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1046Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1061Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1062Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1063Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1064Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1065Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1066Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1067Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1068Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1069Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1070Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1071Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1072Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1073Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1074Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1075Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1076Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1077Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1078Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1079Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1080Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1081Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1082Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1083Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1084Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1085Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1086Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1087Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1088Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1089Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1090Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1091Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1092Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1093Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1094Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1095Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1096Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1097Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1098Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1099Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1100Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1101Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1102Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1103Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1104Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1105Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1106Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1107Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1108Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1109Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1110Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1111Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1112Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1113Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1114Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1115Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1116Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1117Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1118Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1119Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1120Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1121Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1122Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1123Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1124Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1125Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1126Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1127Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1128Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1129Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1130Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1131Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1132Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1133Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1134Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1135Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1136Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1137Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1138Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1139Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1140Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1141Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1142Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1143Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1144Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1145Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1146Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1147Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1148Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1149Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1150Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1151Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1152Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1153Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1154Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1155Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1156Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1157Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1158Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1159Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1160Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1161Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1162Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1163Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1164Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1165Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1166Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1167Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1168Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1169Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1170Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1171Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1172Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1173Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1174Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1175Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1176Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1177Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1178Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1179Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1180Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1181Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1182Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1183Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1184Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1185Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1186Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1187Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1188Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1189Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1190Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1191Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1192Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1193Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1194Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1195Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1196Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1197Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1198Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1199Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1200Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1201Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1202# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1203# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1204# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1205# rules first. 1206 1207# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1208Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1209 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1210 1:00 - +01 1986 1211 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1212 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1213 1214# Western Sahara 1215# 1216# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1217# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1218# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1219# Morocco does. 1220# 1221# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1222# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1223# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1224 1225Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1226 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1227 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1228 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1229 1230# Mozambique 1231# 1232# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1233# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1234# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1235# merely made it official? 1236# 1237# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1238Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1239 2:00 - CAT 1240 1241# Namibia 1242 1243# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1244# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1245# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1246# and includes this nugget: 1247# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1248# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1249# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1250# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1251 1252# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1253# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1254# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1255 1256# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1257# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1258# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1259# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1260# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1261# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1262# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1263# of the country. 1264# 1265# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1266# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1267# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1268# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1269# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1270# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1271 1272# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1273# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1274# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1275# This video is from the government decision: 1276# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1277# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1278# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1279# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1280 1281# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1282# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1283# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1284# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1285# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1286# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1287# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1288# with Namibia's neighbors. 1289 1290# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1291# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1292Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1293Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1294Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1295# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1296#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1297#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1298#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1299# End of rearguard section. 1300 1301# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1303 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1304 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1305 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1306 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1307# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1308 2:00 Namibia %s 1309# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1310# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1311# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1312# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1313# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1314# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1315# 2:00 - CAT 1316# End of rearguard section. 1317 1318# Niger 1319# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1320Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1321 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1322 0:00 - GMT 1960 1323 1:00 - WAT 1324 1325# Nigeria 1326 1327# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1328# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1329# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1330# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1331# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1332# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1333# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1334# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1335# 1336# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1337# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1338# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1339# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1340# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1341# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1342# 1343# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1344# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1345# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1346# p 27 1347# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1348# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1349# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1350# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1351# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1352# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1353# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1354# accordingly." 1355# 1356# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1357# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1358# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1359# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1360# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1361# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1362# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1363# 1919, s. 2.)" 1364# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1365# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1366# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1367# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1368# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1369# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1370# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1371# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1372# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1373# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1374# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1375# to compensate. 1376# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1377# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1378# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1379# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1380# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1381# img 245-246 1382# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1383 1384# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1385Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1386 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1387 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1388 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1389 1:00 - WAT 1390 1391# R��union 1392# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1393Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1394 4:00 - +04 1395# 1396# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1397# The following information about them is taken from 1398# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1399# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1400# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1401# 1402# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1403# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1404# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1405# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1406# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1407 1408# Rwanda 1409# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1410Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1411 2:00 - CAT 1412 1413# St Helena 1414# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1415Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1416 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1417 0:00 - GMT 1418 1419# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1420 1421# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1422 1423# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1424# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1425# they entered the year 2018. 1426# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1427# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1428# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1429 1430# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1431# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1432# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1433# 1434# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1435# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1436# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1437# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1438 1439Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1440 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1441 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1442 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1443 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1444 0:00 - GMT 1445 1446# Senegal 1447# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1448Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1449 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1450 0:00 - GMT 1451 1452# Seychelles 1453# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1454Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1455 4:00 - +04 1456# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1457# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1458# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1459# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1460# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1461# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1462 1463# Sierra Leone 1464# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1465Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1466Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1467Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1468Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1469 1470# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1471Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1472 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1473 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1474 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1475 0:00 - GMT 1476 1477# Somalia 1478# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1479Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1480 3:00 - EAT 1931 1481 2:30 - +0230 1957 1482 3:00 - EAT 1483 1484# South Africa 1485# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1486Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1487Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1488# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1489Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1490 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1491 2:00 SA SAST 1492# 1493# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1494# scientific station since 1947 1495# no information 1496 1497# Sudan 1498 1499# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1500# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1501# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1502# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1503# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1504# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1505 1506# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1507# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1508# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1509# 1510# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1511# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1512# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1513# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1514# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1515 1516# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1517Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1519Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1520Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1521# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1522Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1523 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1524 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1525 2:00 - CAT 1526 1527# South Sudan 1528 1529# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1530# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1531# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1532# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1533 1534# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1535Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1536 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1537 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1538 2:00 - CAT 1539 1540# Tanzania 1541# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1542Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1543 3:00 - EAT 1948 1544 2:45 - +0245 1961 1545 3:00 - EAT 1546 1547# Togo 1548# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1549Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1550 0:00 - GMT 1551 1552# Tunisia 1553 1554# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1555# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1556# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1557# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1558# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1559# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1560# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1561# Saturday." (My translation) 1562# 1563# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1564# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1565# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1566# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1567# 1h standard time. 1568# 1569# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1570# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1571# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1572# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1573# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1574 1575# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1576# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1577# (Arabic) 1578# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1579# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1580# 1581# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1582# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1583# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1584 1585# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1586# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1587# 1588# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1589# 1590# (in English) 1591# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1592# 1593# (in Arabic) 1594# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1595 1596# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1597# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1598# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1599# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1600# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1601# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1602 1603# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1604# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1605# 1606# (translation): 1607# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1608# Sunday... 1609# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1610# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1611# 1612# (in Arabic) 1613# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1614# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1615# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1616 1617# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1618Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1619Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1620Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1621Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1622Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1623Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1624Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1625Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1626Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1627Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1628Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1629Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1630Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1631Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1632Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1633Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1634Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1635Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1636Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1637Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1638Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1639Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1640Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1641Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1642Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1643 1644# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1645# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1646Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1647 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1648 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1649 1650# Uganda 1651# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1652Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1653 3:00 - EAT 1930 1654 2:30 - +0230 1948 1655 2:45 - +0245 1957 1656 3:00 - EAT 1657 1658# Zambia 1659# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1660Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1661 2:00 - CAT 1662 1663# Zimbabwe 1664# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1665Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1666 2:00 - CAT 1667 1668