1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34# Soci��t�� Fran��aise de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35# page 752, 18b. 36# 37# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52# +01 WAT West Africa Time 53# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55# cannot now come up with solid citations. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61# +03 EAT East Africa Time 62# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65# Corrections are welcome. 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Angola 105# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 107 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 108 1:00 - WAT 109 110# Benin 111# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 113 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 114 1:00 - WAT 115 116# Botswana 117# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 119 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 122 2:00 - CAT 123 124# Burkina Faso 125# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 127 0:00 - GMT 128 129# Burundi 130# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 132 2:00 - CAT 133 134# Cameroon 135# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 137 1:00 - WAT 138 139# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 140# 141# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 142# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 143# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 144# (see Europe/Lisbon). 145# 146# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 148 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 149 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 150 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 151 -1:00 - -01 152 153# Central African Republic 154# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 156 1:00 - WAT 157 158# Chad 159# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena 161 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 162 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 163 1:00 - WAT 164 165# Comoros 166# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 167Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 168 3:00 - EAT 169 170# Democratic Republic of the Congo 171# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 174 175# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 178 2:00 - CAT 179 180# Republic of the Congo 181# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 183 1:00 - WAT 184 185# C��te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 186 187# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 188# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 189# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 190# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 191# on GMT, says the CIA 192# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 193 194# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 196 0:00 - GMT 197 198# Djibouti 199# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 200Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 201 3:00 - EAT 202 203 204############################################################################### 205 206# Egypt 207 208# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 209# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 210# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 211# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 212 213# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 214Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 218Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 221Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 224Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 225Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 226Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 227Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 228Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 229Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 230Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 231Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 232Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 233# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 234# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 235 236# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 237# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 238# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 239# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 240# 241# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 242# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 243# or 244# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 245Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 246Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 247# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 248# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 249# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 250# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 251# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 252Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 253# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 254# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 255# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 256# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 257# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 258# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 259# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 260# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 261Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 262# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 263# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 264# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 265# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 266# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 267# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 268# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 269# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 270# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 271 272# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 273# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 274# 275# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 276# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 277# Apr 23 278# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 279# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 280# Apr 24 281# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 282# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 283# Aug 27 284# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 285# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 286# Aug 27 287# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 288# 289# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 290# :59) 291# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 292# 293# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 294# 295# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 296# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 297# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 298 299# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 300# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 301# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 302# in September. 303 304# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 305# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 306# Information and Decision Support Center: 307# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 308# 309# The Middle East News Agency 310# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 311# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 312# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 313# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 314# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 315# (at least today). 316 317# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 318# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 319# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 320# Ramadan. 321# 322# Arabic translation: 323# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 324# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 325# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 326 327# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 328# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 329# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 330 331# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 332# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 333 334# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 335# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 336# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 337# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 338# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 339# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 340# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 341# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 342# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 343# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 344# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 345# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 346 347# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 348# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 349# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 350# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 351# dates not yet announced.... 352# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 353# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 354 355# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 356# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 357# least for 2015. 358# 359# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 360# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 361# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 362# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 363# practice altogether in future years." 364# 365# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 366# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 367# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 368# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 369 370# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 371# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 372# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 373# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 374# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 375 376# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 377# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 378# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 379# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 380# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 381# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 382# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 383 384Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 385Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 386Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 387Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 388Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 389Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 390Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 391Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 392Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 393Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 394Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 395 396# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 398Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 399 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 400 401# Equatorial Guinea 402# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 404 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 405 1:00 - WAT 406 407# Eritrea 408# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 410 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 411 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 412 3:00 - EAT 413 414# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 415# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 417 2:00 - SAST 418 419# Ethiopia 420# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 423 3:00 - EAT 424 425# Gabon 426# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 428 1:00 - WAT 429 430# The Gambia 431# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 433 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 434 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 435 0:00 - GMT 436 437# Ghana 438# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 439Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 440Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 441Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 442Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 443Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 444Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 445 446# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 448 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 449 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 450 0:00 Ghana %s 451 452# Guinea 453# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 455 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 456 -1:00 - -01 1960 457 0:00 - GMT 458 459# Guinea-Bissau 460# 461# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 462# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 463# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 464# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 465# 466# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 467Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 468 -1:00 - -01 1975 469 0:00 - GMT 470 471# Kenya 472 473# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 474# 475# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 476# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 477# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 478# 479# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 480# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 481# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 482# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 483# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 484# 485# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 486# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 487# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 488# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 489# 490# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 491# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 492# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 493# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 494# 495# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 496# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 497# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 498# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 499# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 500# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 501# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 502# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 503# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 504# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 505# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 506# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 507# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 508# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 509 510# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 511# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 512# so just say "1908 May". 513 514# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 515# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 516# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 517# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 518# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 519# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 520# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 521 522# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 524 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 525 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 526 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 527 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 528 3:00 - EAT 529 530# Lesotho 531# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 533 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 534 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 535 2:00 - SAST 536 537# Liberia 538# 539# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 540# 541# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 542# 543# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 544# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 545# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 546# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 547# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 548# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 549# 550# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 551# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 552# 553# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 554Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 555 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 556 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 557 0:00 - GMT 558 559############################################################################### 560 561# Libya 562 563# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 564# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 565# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 566# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 567# 568# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 569# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 570# 571# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 572# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 573# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 574# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 575# lastFri instead of lastSun). 576 577# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 578# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 579# cancelled yesterday.... 580# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 581# 582# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 583# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 584 585# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 586Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 587Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 588Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 589Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 590Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 591Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 592Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 593Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 594Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 595Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 596Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 597Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 598Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 599Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 600Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 601Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 602Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 603# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 604Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 605 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 606 2:00 - EET 1982 607 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 608# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 609# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 610 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 611 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 612 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 613 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 614 2:00 - EET 615 616# Madagascar 617# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 619 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 620 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 621 3:00 - EAT 622 623# Malawi 624# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 625Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 626 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 627 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 628 2:00 - CAT 629 630# Mali 631# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 633 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 634 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 635 0:00 - GMT 636#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 637 638# Mauritania 639# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 640Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 641 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 642 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 643 0:00 - GMT 644 645# Mauritius 646 647# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 648# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 649# basis.... 650# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 651# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 652# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 653 654# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 655# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 656 657# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 658# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 659# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 660# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 661 662# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 663# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 664 665# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 666# According to 667# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 668# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 669# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 670# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 671# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 672# 673# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 674# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 675# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 676# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 677# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 678# changes two days later. 679 680# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 681# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 682# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 683# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 684# 685# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 686# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 687# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 688# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 689 690# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 691# The Government of Mauritius weblink 692# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 693# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 694# 695# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 696# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 697# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 698# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 699# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 700# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 701# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 702# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 703# and end on 29 March 2009. 704 705# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 706# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 707# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 708# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 709# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 710 711# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 712# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 713# DST the coming summer... 714# 715# Some sources, in French: 716# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-��-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99��t��-ne-sera-pas-appliqu��e-cette-ann��e-�� 717# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-��conomie-d-��nergie-de-l-heure-d-��t��-ont-��t��-atteints- 718# 719# Our wrap-up: 720# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 721 722# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 723# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 724# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 725# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 726 727# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 728Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 729Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 730Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 731Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 732# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 733Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 734 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 735# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 736# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 737 738 739# Morocco 740# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 741 742# Mayotte 743# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 744Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 745 3:00 - EAT 746 747# Morocco 748 749# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 750# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 751# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 752# 753# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 754# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 755# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 756# 757# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 758# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 759 760# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 761# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 762# Presse: 763# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 764# 765# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 766# spokesman. 767 768# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 769# According to this article: 770# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 771# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 772# the changes occur at midnight: 773# 774# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 775# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 776# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 777# 778# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 779# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 780# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 781# June 1st to Sept 27th. 782# 783# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 784# published on the web. 785# 786# It's also confirmed here: 787# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 788# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 789# posted in English). 790# 791# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 792# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 793 794# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 795# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 796# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 797# of September: 798# 799# One article about it (in French): 800# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 801# 802# We have some further details posted here: 803# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 804 805# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 806# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 807# to many sources, such as 808# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 809# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 810# (French) 811# 812# Our summary: 813# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 814 815# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 816# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 817# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 818# 819# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 820# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 821# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 822# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 823# 824# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 825# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 826 827# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 828# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 829# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 830# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 831# 832# Example: 833# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 834# (French) 835# Our page: 836# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 837 838# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 839# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 840# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 841# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 842# ...Official links of change in morocco 843# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 844# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 845# +212.537.71.84.00 846# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 847# They said that 848# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 849# is the official publication to look at. 850# They said that the decision was already taken. 851# 852# More articles in the press 853# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 854# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 855# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 856 857# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 858# They have it written in English here: 859# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 860# 861# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 862# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 863# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 864# also been like that in the past. 865 866# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 867# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 868# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 869# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 870# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l��gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d��t�� 871# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 872# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 873# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 874# except the month of Ramadan. 875# or (brief) 876# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 877 878# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 879# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 880# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 881# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 882# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 883# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 884 885# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 886# Seen Morocco change again: 887# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 888# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 889# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 890 891# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 892# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 893# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 894# 895# Google translation, lightly edited: 896# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 897# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 898# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 899# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 900# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 901# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 902# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 903# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 904# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 905 906# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 907# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 908# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 909# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 910# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 911# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 912 913# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 914# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 915# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 916# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 917 918# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 919# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 920# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 921# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 922# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 923# source (French): 924# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 925# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 926# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 927 928# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 929# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 930 931# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 932# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 933# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 934# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 935# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 936 937# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 938# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 939# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 940# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 941# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 942# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 943# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 944# Source (french): 945# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 946# 947# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 948# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 949# 950# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 951# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 952# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 953# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 954# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 955# with the patch. 956 957# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 958# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 959# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 960# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 961# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 962# 963# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 964# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 965# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 966# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 967# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 968# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 969# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 970 971# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 972# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 973# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 974# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 975 976# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 977# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 978# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 979# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 980# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 981# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 982# 983# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 984# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 985# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 986# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 987# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 988# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 989# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 990# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 991# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 992# shift will be the next weekend. 993# 994# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 995# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 996# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 997# 998# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 999# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 1000# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 1001# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-��-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-��-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 1002# 1003# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): 1004# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 1005# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 1006# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, 1007# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 1008# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm 1009# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 1010# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 1011# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 1012# (require 'cal-islam) 1013# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 1014# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 1015# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 1016# (sunday 0)) 1017# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 1018# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 1019# (setq b (1+ b))) 1020# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1021# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1022# (insert 1023# (format 1024# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1025# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1026# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1027# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1028# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1029 1030# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1031Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1044Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1045Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1046Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1047Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1048Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1049Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1050Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1051Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1052Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1053Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1054Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1055Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1056Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1057Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1058Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1073Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1074Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1075Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1076Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1077Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1078Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1079Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1080Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1081Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1082Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1083Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1084Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1085Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1086Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1087Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1088Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1089Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1090Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1091Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1092Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1093Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1094Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1095Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1096Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1097Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 1098Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1099Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1100Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1101Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1102Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1103Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1104Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1105Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1106Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1107Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1108Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1109Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1110Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1111Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1112Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1113Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1114Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1115Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1116Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1117Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1118Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1119Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1120Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1121Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1122Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1123Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1124Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1125Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1126Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1127Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1128Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1129Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 1130Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1131Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1132Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1133Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1134Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1135Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1136Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1137Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1138Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1139Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1140Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1141Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1142Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1143Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1144Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1145Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 1146Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1147Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1148Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1149Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1150Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1151Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1152Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1153Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1154Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1155Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1156Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1157Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1158Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1159Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1160Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1161Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1162Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1163Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1164Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1165Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1166Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1167Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1168Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1169Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1170Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1171Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1172Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1173Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1174Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1175Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1176Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1177Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1178Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1179Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1180Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1181Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1182Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1183Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1184Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1185Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1186Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1187Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1188Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1189Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1190Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1191Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1192Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1193Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1194Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1195Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1196Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1197Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1198Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1199Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1200Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1201Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1202Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1203Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1204Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1205Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1206Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1207Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1208Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1209Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1210Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1211Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1212Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1213Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1214# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1215# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1216# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1217# rules first. 1218 1219# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1221 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1222 1:00 - +01 1986 1223 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1224 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1225 1226# Western Sahara 1227# 1228# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1229# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1230# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1231# Morocco does. 1232# 1233# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1234# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1235# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1236 1237Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1238 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1239 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1240 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1241 1242# Mozambique 1243# 1244# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1245# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1246# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1247# merely made it official? 1248# 1249# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1250Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1251 2:00 - CAT 1252 1253# Namibia 1254 1255# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1256# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1257# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1258# and includes this nugget: 1259# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1260# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1261# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1262# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1263 1264# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1265# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1266# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1267 1268# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1269# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1270# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1271# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1272# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1273# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1274# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1275# of the country. 1276# 1277# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1278# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1279# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1280# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1281# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1282# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1283 1284# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1285# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1286# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1287# This video is from the government decision: 1288# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1289# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1290# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1291# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1292 1293# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1294# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1295# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1296# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1297# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1298# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1299# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1300# with Namibia's neighbors. 1301 1302# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1303# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1304Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1305Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1306Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1307# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1308#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1309#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1310#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1311# End of rearguard section. 1312 1313# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1314Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1315 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1316 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1317 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1318 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1319# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1320 2:00 Namibia %s 1321# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1322# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1323# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1324# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1325# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1326# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1327# 2:00 - CAT 1328# End of rearguard section. 1329 1330# Niger 1331# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1332Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1333 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1334 0:00 - GMT 1960 1335 1:00 - WAT 1336 1337# Nigeria 1338 1339# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1340# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1341# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1342# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1343# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1344# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1345# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1346# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1347# 1348# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1349# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1350# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1351# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1352# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1353# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1354# 1355# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1356# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1357# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1358# p 27 1359# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1360# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1361# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1362# 7�� 30' E. long." 1363# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1364# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1365# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1366# accordingly." 1367# 1368# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1369# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1370# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1371# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1372# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1373# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1374# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1375# 1919, s. 2.)" 1376# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1377# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1378# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1379# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1380# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1381# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1382# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1383# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1384# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1385# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1386# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1387# to compensate. 1388# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1389# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1390# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1391# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1392# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1393# img 245-246 1394# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1395 1396# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1397Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1398 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1399 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1400 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1401 1:00 - WAT 1402 1403# R��union 1404# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1405Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1406 4:00 - +04 1407# 1408# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1409# The following information about them is taken from 1410# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1411# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1412# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1413# 1414# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1415# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1416# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1417# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1418# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1419 1420# Rwanda 1421# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1423 2:00 - CAT 1424 1425# St Helena 1426# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1427Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1428 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1429 0:00 - GMT 1430 1431# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1432 1433# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1434 1435# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1436# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1437# they entered the year 2018. 1438# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1439# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1440# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1441 1442# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1443# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1444# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1445# 1446# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1447# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1448# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1449# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1450 1451Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1452 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1453 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1454 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1455 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1456 0:00 - GMT 1457 1458# Senegal 1459# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1460Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1461 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1462 0:00 - GMT 1463 1464# Seychelles 1465# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1466Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1467 4:00 - +04 1468# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1469# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1470# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1471# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1472# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1473# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1474 1475# Sierra Leone 1476# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1477Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1478Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1479Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1480Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1481 1482# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1483Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1484 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1485 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1486 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1487 0:00 - GMT 1488 1489# Somalia 1490# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1491Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1492 3:00 - EAT 1931 1493 2:30 - +0230 1957 1494 3:00 - EAT 1495 1496# South Africa 1497# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1498Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1499Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1500# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1501Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1502 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1503 2:00 SA SAST 1504# 1505# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1506# scientific station since 1947 1507# no information 1508 1509# Sudan 1510 1511# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1512# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1513# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1514# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1515# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1516# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1517 1518# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1519# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1520# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1521# 1522# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1523# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1524# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1525# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1526# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1527 1528# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1529Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1530Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1531Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1532Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1533# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1534Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1535 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1536 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1537 2:00 - CAT 1538 1539# South Sudan 1540 1541# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1542# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1543# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1544# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1545 1546# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1548 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1549 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1550 2:00 - CAT 1551 1552# Tanzania 1553# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1554Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1555 3:00 - EAT 1948 1556 2:45 - +0245 1961 1557 3:00 - EAT 1558 1559# Togo 1560# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1561Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1562 0:00 - GMT 1563 1564# Tunisia 1565 1566# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1567# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1568# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1569# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1570# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1571# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1572# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1573# Saturday." (My translation) 1574# 1575# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1576# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1577# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1578# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1579# 1h standard time. 1580# 1581# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1582# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1583# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1584# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1585# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1586 1587# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1588# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1589# (Arabic) 1590# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1591# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1592# 1593# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1594# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1595# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1596 1597# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1598# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1599# 1600# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1601# 1602# (in English) 1603# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1604# 1605# (in Arabic) 1606# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1607 1608# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1609# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1610# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1611# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1612# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1613# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1614 1615# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1616# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1617# 1618# (translation): 1619# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1620# Sunday... 1621# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1622# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1623# 1624# (in Arabic) 1625# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1626# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1627# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1628 1629# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1630Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1631Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1632Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1633Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1634Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1635Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1636Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1637Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1638Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1639Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1640Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1641Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1642Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1643Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1644Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1645Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1646Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1647Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1648Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1649Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1650Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1651Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1652Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1653Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1654Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1655 1656# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1657# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1658Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1659 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1660 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1661 1662# Uganda 1663# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1664Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1665 3:00 - EAT 1930 1666 2:30 - +0230 1948 1667 2:45 - +0245 1957 1668 3:00 - EAT 1669 1670# Zambia 1671# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1672Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1673 2:00 - CAT 1674 1675# Zimbabwe 1676# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1677Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1678 2:00 - CAT 1679 1680