africa revision 1.1.1.27
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# 43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 44# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 45# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 46# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 48# +01 WAT West Africa Time 49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 51# cannot now come up with solid citations. 52# 53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 54# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 55# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 56# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 57# +03 EAT East Africa Time 58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61# Corrections are welcome. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 88# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Angola 101# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 103 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 104 1:00 - WAT 105 106# Benin 107# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 108Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 109 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 110 1:00 - WAT 111 112# Botswana 113# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 115 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 116 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 117 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 118 2:00 - CAT 119 120# Burkina Faso 121# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 123 0:00 - GMT 124 125# Burundi 126# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 128 2:00 - CAT 129 130# Cameroon 131# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 133 1:00 - WAT 134 135# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 136# 137# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 138# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 139# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 140# (see Europe/Lisbon). 141# 142# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 144 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 145 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 146 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 147 -1:00 - -01 148 149# Central African Republic 150# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 152 1:00 - WAT 153 154# Chad 155# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 157 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 158 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 159 1:00 - WAT 160 161# Comoros 162# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 164 3:00 - EAT 165 166# Democratic Republic of the Congo 167# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 169 1:00 - WAT 170 171# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 174 2:00 - CAT 175 176# Republic of the Congo 177# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 178Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 179 1:00 - WAT 180 181# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 182# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 184 0:00 - GMT 185 186# Djibouti 187# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 189 3:00 - EAT 190 191############################################################################### 192 193# Egypt 194 195# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 196# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 197# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 198# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 199 200# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 203Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 204Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 205Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 206Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 207Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 211Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 214Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 215Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 220# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 221# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 222 223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 224# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 225# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 226# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 227# 228# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 229# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 230# or 231# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 232Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 233Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 234# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 235# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 236# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 237# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 238# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 239Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 240# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 241# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 242# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 243# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 244# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 245# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 246# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 247# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 248Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 249# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 250# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 251# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 252# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 253# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 254# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 255# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 256# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 257# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 258 259# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 260# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 261# 262# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 263# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 264# Apr 23 265# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 266# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 267# Apr 24 268# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 269# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 270# Aug 27 271# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 272# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 273# Aug 27 274# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275# 276# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 277# :59) 278# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 279# 280# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 281# 282# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 283# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 284# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 285 286# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 287# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 288# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 289# in September. 290 291# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 292# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 293# Information and Decision Support Center: 294# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 295# 296# The Middle East News Agency 297# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 298# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 299# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 300# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 301# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 302# (at least today). 303 304# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 305# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 306# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 307# Ramadan. 308# 309# Arabic translation: 310# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 311# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 312# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 313 314# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 315# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 316# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 317 318# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 319# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 320 321# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 322# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 323# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 324# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 325# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 326# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 327# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 328# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 329# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 330# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 331# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 332# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 333 334# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 335# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 336# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 337# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 338# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 339# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 342# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 343# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 344# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 345# dates not yet announced.... 346# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 347# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 348 349# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 350# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 351# least for 2015. 352# 353# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 354# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 355# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 356# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 357# practice altogether in future years." 358# 359# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 360# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 361# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 362# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 363 364# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 365# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 366# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 367# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 368# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 369 370Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379 380# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 382Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 383 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 384 385# Equatorial Guinea 386# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 388 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 389 1:00 - WAT 390 391# Eritrea 392# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 394 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 395 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 396 3:00 - EAT 397 398# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 399# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 401 2:00 - SAST 402 403# Ethiopia 404# 405# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 406# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 407# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 408# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 409# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 410# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 413 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 414 3:00 - EAT 415 416# Gabon 417# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 419 1:00 - WAT 420 421# The Gambia 422# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 424 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 425 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 426 0:00 - GMT 427 428# Ghana 429# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 431Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 432Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 433Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 434Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 435Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 436 437# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 439 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 440 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 441 0:00 Ghana %s 442 443# Guinea 444# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 446 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 447 -1:00 - -01 1960 448 0:00 - GMT 449 450# Guinea-Bissau 451# 452# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 453# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 454# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 455# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 456# 457# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 459 -1:00 - -01 1975 460 0:00 - GMT 461 462# Kenya 463 464# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 465# 466# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 467# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 468# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 469# 470# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 471# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 472# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 473# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 474# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 475# 476# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 477# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 478# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 479# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 480# 481# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 482# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 483# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 484# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 485# 486# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 487# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 488# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 489# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 490# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 491# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 492# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 493# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 494# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 495# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 496# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 497# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 498# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 499# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 500 501# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 502# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 503# so just say "1908 May". 504 505# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 506Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 507 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 508 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 509 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 510 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 511 3:00 - EAT 512 513# Lesotho 514# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 516 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 517 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 518 2:00 - SAST 519 520# Liberia 521# 522# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 523# 524# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 525# 526# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 527# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 528# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 529# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 530# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 531# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 532# 533# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 534# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 535# 536# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 537Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 538 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 539 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 540 0:00 - GMT 541 542############################################################################### 543 544# Libya 545 546# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 547# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 548# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 549# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 550# 551# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 552# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 553# 554# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 555# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 556# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 557# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 558# lastFri instead of lastSun). 559 560# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 561# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 562# cancelled yesterday.... 563# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 564# 565# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 566# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 567 568# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 569Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 570Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 571Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 572Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 573Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 574Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 575Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 576Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 577Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 578Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 579Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 580Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 581Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 583Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 584Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 585Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 586# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 587Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 588 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 589 2:00 - EET 1982 590 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 591# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 592# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 593 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 594 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 595 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 596 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 597 2:00 - EET 598 599# Madagascar 600# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 601Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 602 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 603 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 604 3:00 - EAT 605 606# Malawi 607# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 608Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 609 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 610 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 611 2:00 - CAT 612 613# Mali 614# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 616 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 617 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 618 0:00 - GMT 619#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 620 621# Mauritania 622# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 624 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 625 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 626 0:00 - GMT 627 628# Mauritius 629 630# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 631# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 632# basis.... 633# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 634# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 635# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 636 637# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 638# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 639 640# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 641# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 642# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 643# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 644 645# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 646# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 647 648# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 649# According to 650# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 651# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 652# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 653# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 654# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 655# 656# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 657# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 658# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 659# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 660# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 661# changes two days later. 662 663# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 664# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 665# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 666# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 667# 668# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 669# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 670# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 671# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 672 673# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 674# The Government of Mauritius weblink 675# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 676# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 677# 678# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 679# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 680# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 681# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 682# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 683# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 684# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 685# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 686# and end on 29 March 2009. 687 688# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 689# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 690# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 691# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 692# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 693 694# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 695# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 696# DST the coming summer... 697# 698# Some sources, in French: 699# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 700# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 701# 702# Our wrap-up: 703# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 704 705# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 706# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 707# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 708# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 709 710# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 711Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 712Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 713Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 714Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 715# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 716Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 717 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 718# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 719# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 720 721# Mayotte 722# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 724 3:00 - EAT 725 726# Morocco 727# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 728 729# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 730# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 731# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 732# 733# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 734# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 735# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 736# 737# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 738# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 739 740# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 741# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 742# Presse: 743# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 744# 745# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 746# spokesman. 747 748# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 749# According to this article: 750# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 751# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 752# the changes occur at midnight: 753# 754# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 755# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 756# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 757# 758# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 759# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 760# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 761# June 1st to Sept 27th. 762# 763# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 764# published on the web. 765# 766# It's also confirmed here: 767# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 768# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 769# posted in English). 770# 771# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 772# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 773 774# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 775# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 776# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 777# of September: 778# 779# One article about it (in French): 780# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 781# 782# We have some further details posted here: 783# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 784 785# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 786# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 787# to many sources, such as 788# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 789# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 790# (French) 791# 792# Our summary: 793# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 794 795# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 796# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 797# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 798# 799# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 800# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 801# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 802# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 803# 804# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 805# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 806 807# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 808# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 809# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 810# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 811# 812# Example: 813# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 814# (French) 815# Our page: 816# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 817 818# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 819# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 820# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 821# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 822# ...Official links of change in morocco 823# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 824# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 825# +212.537.71.84.00 826# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 827# They said that 828# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 829# is the official publication to look at. 830# They said that the decision was already taken. 831# 832# More articles in the press 833# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 834# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 835# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 836 837# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 838# They have it written in English here: 839# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 840# 841# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 842# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 843# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 844# also been like that in the past. 845 846# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 847# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 848# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 849# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 850# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 851# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 852# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 853# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 854# except the month of Ramadan. 855# or (brief) 856# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 857 858# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 859# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 860# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 861# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 862# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 863# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 864 865# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 866# Seen Morocco change again: 867# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 868# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 869# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 870 871# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 872# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 873# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 874# 875# Google translation, lightly edited: 876# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 877# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 878# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 879# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 880# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 881# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 882# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 883# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 884# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 885 886# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 887# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 888# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 889# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 890# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 891# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 892 893# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 894# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 895# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 896# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 897 898# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 899# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 900# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 901# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 902# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 903# source (French): 904# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 905# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 906# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 907 908# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 909# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 910 911# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 912# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 913# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 914# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 915# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 916 917# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 918# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 919# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 920# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 921# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 922# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 923# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 924# Source (french): 925# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 926# 927# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 928# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 929# 930# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 931# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 932# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 933# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 934# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 935# with the patch. 936 937# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 938# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 939# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 940# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 941# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 942# 943# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 944# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 945# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 946# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 947# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 948# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 949# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 950 951# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 952# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 953# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 954# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 955 956# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 957# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 958# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 959# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 960# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 961# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 962# 963# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 964# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 965# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 966# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 967# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 968# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 969# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 970# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 971# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 972# shift will be the next weekend. 973# 974# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 975# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 976# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 977# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 978# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 979# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 980# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 981# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 982# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 983# (require 'cal-islam) 984# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 985# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 986# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 987# (sunday 0)) 988# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 989# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 990# (setq b (1+ b))) 991# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 992# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 993# (insert 994# (format 995# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 996# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 997# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 998# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 999# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1000# 1001# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 1002# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 1003# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 1004 1005# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1006Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1007Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1008Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1009Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1010Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1011Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1012Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1013Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1014Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1015Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1016Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1017Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1018Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1034Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1035Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1036Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1037Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1038Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1039Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1040Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1041Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1042Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1043Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1044Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1045Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1046Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1047Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1081Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1082Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1083Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1084Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1085Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1086Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1087Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1088Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1089Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1090Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1091Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1092Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1094Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1095Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1096Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1097Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1098Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1099Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1100Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1101Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1102Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1103Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1104Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1105Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1106Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1107Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1108Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1109Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1110Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1111Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1112Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1113Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1114Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1115Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1116Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1117Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1118Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1119Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1120Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1121Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1122Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1123Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1124Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1125Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1126Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1127Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1128Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1129Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1130Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1131Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1132Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1133Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1134Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1135Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1136Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1137Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1138Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1139Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1140Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1141Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1142Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1143Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1144Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1145Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1146Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1147Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1148Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1149Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1150Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1151Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1152Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1153Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1154Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1155Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1156Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1157Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1158Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1159Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1160Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1161Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1162Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1163Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1164Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1165Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1166Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1167Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1168Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1169Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1170Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1171Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1172Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1173Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1174Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1175Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1176Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1177Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1178Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1179Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1180Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1181Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1182Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1183Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1184Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1185Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1186Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1187Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1188Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1189# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1190# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1191# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1192# rules first. 1193 1194# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1196 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1197 1:00 - +01 1986 1198 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1199 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1200 1201# Western Sahara 1202# 1203# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1204# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1205# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1206# Morocco does. 1207# 1208# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1209# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1210# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1211 1212Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1213 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1214 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1215 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1216 1217# Mozambique 1218# 1219# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1220# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1221# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1222# merely made it official? 1223# 1224# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1225Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1226 2:00 - CAT 1227 1228 1229# Namibia 1230 1231# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1232# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1233# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1234# and includes this nugget: 1235# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1236# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1237# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1238# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1239 1240# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1241# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1242# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1243 1244# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1245# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1246# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1247# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1248# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1249# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1250# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1251# of the country. 1252# 1253# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1254# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1255# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1256# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1257# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1258# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1259 1260# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1261# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1262# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1263# This video is from the government decision: 1264# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1265# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1266# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1267# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1268 1269# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1270# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1271# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1272# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1273# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1274# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1275# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1276# with Namibia's neighbors. 1277 1278# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1279# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1280Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1281Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1282Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1283# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1284#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1285#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1286#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1287# End of rearguard section. 1288 1289# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1290Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1291 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1292 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1293 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1294 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1295# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1296 2:00 Namibia %s 1297# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1298# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1299# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1300# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1301# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1302# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1303# 2:00 - CAT 1304# End of rearguard section. 1305 1306# Niger 1307# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1308Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1309 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1310 0:00 - GMT 1960 1311 1:00 - WAT 1312 1313# Nigeria 1314 1315# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1316# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1317# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1318# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1319# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1320# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1321# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1322# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1323# 1324# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1325# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1326# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1327# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1328# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1329# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1330# 1331# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1332# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1333# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1334# p 27 1335# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1336# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1337# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1338# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1339# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1340# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1341# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1342# accordingly." 1343# 1344# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1345# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1346# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1347# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1348# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1349# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1350# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1351# 1919, s. 2.)" 1352# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1353# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1354# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1355# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1356# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1357# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1358# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1359# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1360# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1361# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1362# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1363# to compensate. 1364# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1365# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1366# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1367# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1368# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1369# img 245-246 1370# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1371 1372# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1373Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1374 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1375 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1376 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1377 1:00 - WAT 1378 1379# R��union 1380# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1382 4:00 - +04 1383# 1384# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1385# The following information about them is taken from 1386# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1387# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1388# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1389# 1390# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1391# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1392# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1393# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1394# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1395 1396# 1397# The Crozet Islands also observe R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1398 1399# Rwanda 1400# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1401Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1402 2:00 - CAT 1403 1404# St Helena 1405# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1406Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1407 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1408 0:00 - GMT 1409 1410# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1411# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1412# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1413# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1414# on GMT, says the CIA 1415# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1416 1417# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1418 1419# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1420 1421# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1422# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1423# they entered the year 2018. 1424# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1425# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1426# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1427 1428# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1429# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1430# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1431# 1432# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1433# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1434# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1435# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1436 1437Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1438 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1439 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1440 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1441 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1442 0:00 - GMT 1443 1444# Senegal 1445# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1446Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1447 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1448 0:00 - GMT 1449 1450# Seychelles 1451# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1452Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1453 4:00 - +04 1454# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1455# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1456# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1457# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1458# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1459# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1460 1461# Sierra Leone 1462# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1463Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1464Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1465Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1466Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1467 1468# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1469Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1470 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1471 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1472 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1473 0:00 SL GMT/+01 1474 1475# Somalia 1476# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1478 3:00 - EAT 1931 1479 2:30 - +0230 1957 1480 3:00 - EAT 1481 1482# South Africa 1483# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1484Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1485Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1486# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1487Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1488 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1489 2:00 SA SAST 1490# 1491# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1492# scientific station since 1947 1493# no information 1494 1495# Sudan 1496 1497# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1498# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1499# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1500# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1501# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1502# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1503 1504# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1505# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1506# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1507# 1508# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1509# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1510# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1511# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1512# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1513 1514# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1515Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1516Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1517Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1519# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1520Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1521 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1522 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1523 2:00 - CAT 1524 1525# South Sudan 1526 1527# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1528# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1529# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1530# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1531 1532# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1533Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1534 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1535 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1536 2:00 - CAT 1537 1538# Tanzania 1539# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1541 3:00 - EAT 1948 1542 2:45 - +0245 1961 1543 3:00 - EAT 1544 1545# Togo 1546# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1548 0:00 - GMT 1549 1550# Tunisia 1551 1552# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1553# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1554# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1555# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1556# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1557# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1558# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1559# Saturday." (My translation) 1560# 1561# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1562# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1563# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1564# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1565# 1h standard time. 1566# 1567# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1568# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1569# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1570# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1571# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1572 1573# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1574# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1575# (Arabic) 1576# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1577# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1578# 1579# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1580# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1581# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1582 1583# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1584# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1585# 1586# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1587# 1588# (in English) 1589# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1590# 1591# (in Arabic) 1592# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1593 1594# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1595# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1596# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1597# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1598# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1599# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1600 1601# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1602# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1603# 1604# (translation): 1605# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1606# Sunday... 1607# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1608# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1609# 1610# (in Arabic) 1611# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1612# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1613# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1614 1615# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1616Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1617Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1618Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1619Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1620Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1621Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1622Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1623Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1624Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1625Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1626Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1627Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1628Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1629Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1630Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1631Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1632Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1633Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1634Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1635Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1636Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1637Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1638Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1639Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1640Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1641 1642# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1643# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1644Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1645 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1646 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1647 1648# Uganda 1649# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1650Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1651 3:00 - EAT 1930 1652 2:30 - +0230 1948 1653 2:45 - +0245 1957 1654 3:00 - EAT 1655 1656# Zambia 1657# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1658Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1659 2:00 - CAT 1660 1661# Zimbabwe 1662# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1663Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1664 2:00 - CAT 1665 1666