africa revision 1.1.1.26
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# 43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 44# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 45# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 46# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 48# +01 WAT West Africa Time 49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 51# cannot now come up with solid citations. 52# 53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 54# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 55# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 56# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 57# +03 EAT East Africa Time 58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61# Corrections are welcome. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 88# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Angola 101# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 103 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 104 1:00 - WAT 105 106# Benin 107# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 108Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 109 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 110 1:00 - WAT 111 112# Botswana 113# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 115 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 116 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 117 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 118 2:00 - CAT 119 120# Burkina Faso 121# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 123 0:00 - GMT 124 125# Burundi 126# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 128 2:00 - CAT 129 130# Cameroon 131# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 133 1:00 - WAT 134 135# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 136# 137# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 138# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 139# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 140# (see Europe/Lisbon). 141# 142# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 144 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 145 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 146 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 147 -1:00 - -01 148 149# Central African Republic 150# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 152 1:00 - WAT 153 154# Chad 155# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 157 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 158 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 159 1:00 - WAT 160 161# Comoros 162# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 164 3:00 - EAT 165 166# Democratic Republic of the Congo 167# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 169 1:00 - WAT 170 171# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 173 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 174 2:00 - CAT 175 176# Republic of the Congo 177# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 178Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 179 1:00 - WAT 180 181# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 182# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 184 0:00 - GMT 185 186# Djibouti 187# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 189 3:00 - EAT 190 191############################################################################### 192 193# Egypt 194 195# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 196# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 197# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 198# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 199 200# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 203Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 204Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 205Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 206Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 207Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 211Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 214Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 215Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 220# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 221# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 222 223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 224# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 225# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 226# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 227# 228# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 229# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 230# or 231# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 232Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 233Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 234# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 235# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 236# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 237# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 238# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 239Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 240# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 241# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 242# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 243# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 244# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 245# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 246# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 247# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 248Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 249# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 250# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 251# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 252# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 253# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 254# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 255# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 256# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 257# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 258 259# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 260# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 261# 262# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 263# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 264# Apr 23 265# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 266# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 267# Apr 24 268# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 269# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 270# Aug 27 271# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 272# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 273# Aug 27 274# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275# 276# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 277# :59) 278# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 279# 280# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 281# 282# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 283# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 284# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 285 286# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 287# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 288# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 289# in September. 290 291# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 292# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 293# Information and Decision Support Center: 294# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 295# 296# The Middle East News Agency 297# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 298# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 299# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 300# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 301# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 302# (at least today). 303 304# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 305# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 306# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 307# Ramadan. 308# 309# Arabic translation: 310# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 311# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 312# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 313 314# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 315# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 316# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 317 318# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 319# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 320 321# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 322# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 323# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 324# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 325# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 326# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 327# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 328# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 329# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 330# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 331# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 332# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 333 334# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 335# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 336# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 337# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 338# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 339# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 342# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 343# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 344# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 345# dates not yet announced.... 346# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 347# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 348 349# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 350# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 351# least for 2015. 352# 353# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 354# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 355# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 356# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 357# practice altogether in future years." 358# 359# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 360# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 361# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 362# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 363 364# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 365# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 366# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 367# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 368# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 369 370Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379 380# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 382 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 383 384# Equatorial Guinea 385# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 387 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 388 1:00 - WAT 389 390# Eritrea 391# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 393 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 394 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 395 3:00 - EAT 396 397# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 398# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 399Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 400 2:00 - SAST 401 402# Ethiopia 403# 404# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 405# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 406# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 407# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 408# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 409# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 410# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 412 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 413 3:00 - EAT 414 415# Gabon 416# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 418 1:00 - WAT 419 420# The Gambia 421# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 423 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 424 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 425 0:00 - GMT 426 427# Ghana 428# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 429Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 430Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 431Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 432Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 433Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 434Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 435 436# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 438 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 439 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 440 0:00 Ghana %s 441 442# Guinea 443# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 445 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 446 -1:00 - -01 1960 447 0:00 - GMT 448 449# Guinea-Bissau 450# 451# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 452# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 453# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 454# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 455# 456# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 458 -1:00 - -01 1975 459 0:00 - GMT 460 461# Kenya 462 463# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 464# 465# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 466# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 467# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 468# 469# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 470# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 471# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 472# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 473# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 474# 475# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 476# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 477# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 478# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 479# 480# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 481# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 482# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 483# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 484# 485# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 486# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 487# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 488# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 489# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 490# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 491# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 492# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 493# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 494# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 495# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 496# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 497# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 498# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 499 500# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 501# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 502# so just say "1908 May". 503 504# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 505Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 506 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 507 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 508 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 509 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 510 3:00 - EAT 511 512# Lesotho 513# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 515 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 516 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 517 2:00 - SAST 518 519# Liberia 520# 521# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 522# 523# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 524# 525# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 526# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 527# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 528# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 529# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 530# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 531# 532# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 533# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 534# 535# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 536Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 537 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 538 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 539 0:00 - GMT 540 541############################################################################### 542 543# Libya 544 545# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 546# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 547# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 548# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 549# 550# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 551# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 552# 553# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 554# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 555# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 556# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 557# lastFri instead of lastSun). 558 559# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 560# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 561# cancelled yesterday.... 562# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 563# 564# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 565# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 566 567# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 568Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 569Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 570Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 571Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 572Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 573Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 574Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 575Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 576Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 577Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 578Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 579Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 580Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 581Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 582Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 583Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 584Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 585# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 586Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 587 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 588 2:00 - EET 1982 589 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 590# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 591# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 592 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 593 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 594 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 595 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 596 2:00 - EET 597 598# Madagascar 599# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 600Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 601 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 602 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 603 3:00 - EAT 604 605# Malawi 606# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 607Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 608 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 609 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 610 2:00 - CAT 611 612# Mali 613# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 615 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 616 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 617 0:00 - GMT 618 619# Mauritania 620# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 621Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 622 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 623 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 624 0:00 - GMT 625 626# Mauritius 627 628# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 629# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 630# basis.... 631# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 632# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 633# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 634 635# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 636# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 637 638# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 639# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 640# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 641# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 642 643# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 644# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 645 646# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 647# According to 648# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 649# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 650# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 651# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 652# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 653# 654# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 655# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 656# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 657# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 658# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 659# changes two days later. 660 661# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 662# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 663# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 664# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 665# 666# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 667# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 668# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 669# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 670 671# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 672# The Government of Mauritius weblink 673# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 674# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 675# 676# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 677# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 678# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 679# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 680# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 681# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 682# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 683# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 684# and end on 29 March 2009. 685 686# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 687# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 688# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 689# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 690# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 691 692# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 693# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 694# DST the coming summer... 695# 696# Some sources, in French: 697# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 698# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 699# 700# Our wrap-up: 701# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 702 703# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 704# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 705# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 706# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 707 708# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 709Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 710Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 711Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 712Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 713# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 714Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 715 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 716# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 717# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 718 719# Mayotte 720# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 722 3:00 - EAT 723 724# Morocco 725# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 726 727# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 728# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 729# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 730# 731# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 732# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 733# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 734# 735# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 736# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 737 738# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 739# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 740# Presse: 741# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 742# 743# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 744# spokesman. 745 746# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 747# According to this article: 748# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 749# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 750# the changes occur at midnight: 751# 752# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 753# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 754# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 755# 756# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 757# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 758# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 759# June 1st to Sept 27th. 760# 761# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 762# published on the web. 763# 764# It's also confirmed here: 765# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 766# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 767# posted in English). 768# 769# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 770# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 771 772# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 773# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 774# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 775# of September: 776# 777# One article about it (in French): 778# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 779# 780# We have some further details posted here: 781# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 782 783# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 784# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 785# to many sources, such as 786# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 787# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 788# (French) 789# 790# Our summary: 791# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 792 793# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 794# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 795# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 796# 797# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 798# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 799# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 800# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 801# 802# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 803# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 804 805# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 806# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 807# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 808# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 809# 810# Example: 811# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 812# (French) 813# Our page: 814# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 815 816# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 817# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 818# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 819# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 820# ...Official links of change in morocco 821# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 822# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 823# +212.537.71.84.00 824# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 825# They said that 826# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 827# is the official publication to look at. 828# They said that the decision was already taken. 829# 830# More articles in the press 831# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 832# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 833# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 834 835# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 836# They have it written in English here: 837# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 838# 839# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 840# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 841# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 842# also been like that in the past. 843 844# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 845# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 846# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 847# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 848# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 849# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 850# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 851# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 852# except the month of Ramadan. 853# or (brief) 854# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 855 856# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 857# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 858# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 859# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 860# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 861# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 862 863# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 864# Seen Morocco change again: 865# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 866# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 867# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 868 869# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 870# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 871# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 872# 873# Google translation, lightly edited: 874# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 875# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 876# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 877# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 878# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 879# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 880# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 881# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 882# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 883 884# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 885# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 886# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 887# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 888# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 889# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 890 891# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 892# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 893# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 894# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 895 896# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 897# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 898# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 899# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 900# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 901# source (French): 902# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 903# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 904# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 905 906# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 907# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 908 909# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 910# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 911# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 912# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 913# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 914 915# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 916# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 917# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 918# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 919# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 920# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 921# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 922# Source (french): 923# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 924# 925# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 926# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 927# 928# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 929# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 930# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 931# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 932# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 933# with the patch. 934 935# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 936# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 937# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 938# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 939# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 940# 941# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 942# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 943# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 944# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 945# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 946# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 947# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 948 949# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 950# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 951# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 952# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 953 954# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 955# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 956# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 957# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 958# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 959# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 960# 961# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 962# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 963# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 964# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 965# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 966# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 967# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 968# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 969# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 970# shift will be the next weekend. 971# 972# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 973# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 974# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 975# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 976# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 977# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 978# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 979# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 980# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 981# (require 'cal-islam) 982# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 983# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 984# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 985# (sunday 0)) 986# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 987# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 988# (setq b (1+ b))) 989# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 990# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 991# (insert 992# (format 993# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 994# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 995# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 996# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 997# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 998# 999# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 1000# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 1001# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 1002 1003# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1004Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1005Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1006Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1007Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1008Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1009Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1010Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1011Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1012Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1013Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1014Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1015Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1016Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1032Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1033Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1034Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1035Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1036Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1037Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1038Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1039Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1040Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1041Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1042Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1043Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1044Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1045Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1081Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1082Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1083Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1084Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1085Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1086Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1087Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1088Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1089Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1090Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1091Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1092Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1094Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1095Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1096Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1097Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1098Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1099Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1100Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1101Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1102Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1103Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1104Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1105Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1106Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1107Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1108Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1109Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1110Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1111Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1112Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1113Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1114Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1115Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1116Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1117Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1118Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1119Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1120Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1121Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1122Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1123Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1124Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1125Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1126Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1127Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1128Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1129Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1130Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1131Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1132Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1133Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1134Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1135Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1136Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1137Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1138Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1139Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1140Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1141Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1142Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1143Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1144Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1145Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1146Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1147Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1148Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1149Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1150Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1151Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1152Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1153Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1154Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1155Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1156Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1157Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1158Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1159Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1160Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1161Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1162Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1163Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1164Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1165Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1166Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1167Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1168Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1169Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1170Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1171Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1172Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1173Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1174Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1175Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1176Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1177Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1178Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1179Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1180Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1181Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1182Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1183Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1184Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1185Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1186Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1187# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1188# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1189# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1190# rules first. 1191 1192# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1193Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1194 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1195 1:00 - +01 1986 1196 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1197 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1198 1199# Western Sahara 1200# 1201# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1202# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1203# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1204# Morocco does. 1205# 1206# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1207# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1208# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1209 1210Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1211 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1212 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1213 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1214 1215# Mozambique 1216# 1217# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1218# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1219# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1220# merely made it official? 1221# 1222# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1223Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1224 2:00 - CAT 1225 1226 1227# Namibia 1228 1229# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1230# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1231# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1232# and includes this nugget: 1233# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1234# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1235# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1236# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1237 1238# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1239# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1240# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1241 1242# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1243# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1244# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1245# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1246# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1247# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1248# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1249# of the country. 1250# 1251# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1252# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1253# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1254# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1255# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1256# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1257 1258# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1259# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1260# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1261# This video is from the government decision: 1262# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1263# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1264# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1265# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1266 1267# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1268# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1269# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1270# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1271# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1272# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1273# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1274# with Namibia's neighbors. 1275 1276# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1277# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1278Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1279Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1280Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1281# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1282#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1283#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1284#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1285# End of rearguard section. 1286 1287# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1288Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1289 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1290 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1291 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1292 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1293# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1294 2:00 Namibia %s 1295# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1296# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1297# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1298# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1299# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1300# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1301# 2:00 - CAT 1302# End of rearguard section. 1303 1304# Niger 1305# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1306Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1307 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1308 0:00 - GMT 1960 1309 1:00 - WAT 1310 1311# Nigeria 1312 1313# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1314# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1315# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1316# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1317# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1318# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1319# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1320# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1321# 1322# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1323# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1324# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1325# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1326# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1327# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1328# 1329# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1330# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1331# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1332# p 27 1333# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1334# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1335# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1336# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1337# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1338# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1339# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1340# accordingly." 1341# 1342# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1343# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1344# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1345# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1346# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1347# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1348# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1349# 1919, s. 2.)" 1350# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1351# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1352# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1353# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1354# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1355# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1356# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1357# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1358# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1359# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1360# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1361# to compensate. 1362# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1363# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1364# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1365# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1366# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1367# img 245-246 1368# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1369 1370# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1371Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1372 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1373 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1374 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1375 1:00 - WAT 1376 1377# R��union 1378# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1379Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1380 4:00 - +04 1381# 1382# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1383# The following information about them is taken from 1384# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1385# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1386# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1387# 1388# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1389# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1390# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1391# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1392# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1393 1394# Rwanda 1395# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1396Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1397 2:00 - CAT 1398 1399# St Helena 1400# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1401Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1402 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1403 0:00 - GMT 1404 1405# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1406# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1407# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1408# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1409# on GMT, says the CIA 1410# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1411 1412# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1413 1414# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1415 1416# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1417# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1418# they entered the year 2018. 1419# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1420# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1421# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1422 1423# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1424# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1425# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1426# 1427# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1428# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1429# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1430# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1431 1432Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1433 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1434 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1435 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1436 0:00 - GMT 1437 1438# Senegal 1439# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1440Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1441 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1442 0:00 - GMT 1443 1444# Seychelles 1445 1446# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1447# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1448# 1449# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1450# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1451# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1452# 1453# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1454# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1455# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1456# January, 1907." 1457 1458# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1459Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1460 4:00 - +04 1461# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1462# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1463# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1464# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1465# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1466# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1467 1468# Sierra Leone 1469# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1470Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1471Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1472Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1473Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1474 1475# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1476Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1477 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1478 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1479 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1480 0:00 SL GMT/+01 1481 1482# Somalia 1483# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1484Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1485 3:00 - EAT 1931 1486 2:30 - +0230 1957 1487 3:00 - EAT 1488 1489# South Africa 1490# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1491Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1492Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1493# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1494Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1495 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1496 2:00 SA SAST 1497# 1498# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1499# scientific station since 1947 1500# no information 1501 1502# Sudan 1503 1504# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1505# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1506# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1507# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1508# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1509# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1510 1511# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1512# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1513# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1514# 1515# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1516# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1517# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1518# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1519# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1520 1521# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1522Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1523Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1524Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1525Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1526# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1527Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1528 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1529 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1530 2:00 - CAT 1531 1532# South Sudan 1533 1534# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1535# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1536# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1537# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1538 1539# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1541 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1542 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1543 2:00 - CAT 1544 1545# Tanzania 1546# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1548 3:00 - EAT 1948 1549 2:45 - +0245 1961 1550 3:00 - EAT 1551 1552# Togo 1553# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1554Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1555 0:00 - GMT 1556 1557# Tunisia 1558 1559# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1560# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1561# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1562# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1563# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1564# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1565# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1566# Saturday." (My translation) 1567# 1568# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1569# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1570# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1571# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1572# 1h standard time. 1573# 1574# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1575# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1576# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1577# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1578# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1579 1580# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1581# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1582# (Arabic) 1583# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1584# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1585# 1586# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1587# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1588# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1589 1590# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1591# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1592# 1593# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1594# 1595# (in English) 1596# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1597# 1598# (in Arabic) 1599# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1600 1601# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1602# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1603# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1604# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1605# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1606# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1607 1608# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1609# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1610# 1611# (translation): 1612# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1613# Sunday... 1614# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1615# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1616# 1617# (in Arabic) 1618# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1619# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1620# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1621 1622# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1623Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1624Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1625Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1626Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1627Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1628Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1629Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1630Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1631Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1632Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1633Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1634Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1635Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1636Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1637Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1638Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1639Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1640Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1641Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1642Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1643Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1644Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1645Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1646Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1647Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1648 1649# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1650# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1651Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1652 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1653 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1654 1655# Uganda 1656# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1657Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1658 3:00 - EAT 1930 1659 2:30 - +0230 1948 1660 2:45 - +0245 1957 1661 3:00 - EAT 1662 1663# Zambia 1664# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1665Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1666 2:00 - CAT 1667 1668# Zimbabwe 1669# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1670Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1671 2:00 - CAT 1672 1673