africa revision 1.1.1.2
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70# Algeria 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95# more precise 0:09:21. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108# Angola 109# Benin 110# See Africa/Lagos. 111 112# Botswana 113# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 114# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 115# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 116# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 118 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 119 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 120 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 121 2:00 - CAT 122 123# Burkina Faso 124# See Africa/Abidjan. 125 126# Burundi 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 129 2:00 - CAT 130 131# Cameroon 132# See Africa/Lagos. 133 134# Cape Verde 135# 136# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 137# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 138# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 139# merely made it official? 140# 141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 146 -1:00 - CVT 147 148# Central African Republic 149# See Africa/Lagos. 150 151# Chad 152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 154 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 155 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 156 1:00 - WAT 157 158# Comoros 159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 161 3:00 - EAT 162 163# Democratic Republic of the Congo 164# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 165Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 166 2:00 - CAT 167# The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part. 168 169# Republic of the Congo 170# See Africa/Lagos. 171 172# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 175 0:00 - GMT 176Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 177Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 178Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 179Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 180Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 181Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 182Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 183Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 184Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 185Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 186 187# Djibouti 188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 190 3:00 - EAT 191 192############################################################################### 193 194# Egypt 195 196# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 197# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 198# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 199# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 200 201# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 202Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 203Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 204Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 206Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 209Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 212Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 213Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 214Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 215Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 220Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 221# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 222# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 223 224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 225# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 226# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 227# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 228# 229# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 230# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 231# or 232# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 233Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 234Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 235# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 236# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 237# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 238# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 239# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 240Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 241# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 242# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 243# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 244# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 245# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 246# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 247# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 248# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 249Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 250# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 251# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 252# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 253# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 254# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 255# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 256# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 257# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 258# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 259 260# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 261# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 262# 263# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 264# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 265# Apr 23 266# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 267# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 268# Apr 24 269# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 270# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 271# Aug 27 272# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 273# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 274# Aug 27 275# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 276# 277# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 278# :59) 279# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 280# 281# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 282# 283# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 284# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 285# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 286 287# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 288# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 289# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 290# in September. 291 292# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 293# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 294# Information and Decision Support Center: 295# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 296# 297# The Middle East News Agency 298# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 299# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 300# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 301# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 302# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 303# (at least today). 304 305# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 306# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 307# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 308# Ramadan. 309# 310# Arabic translation: 311# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 312# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 313# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 314 315# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 316# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 317# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 318 319# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 320# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 321 322# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 323# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 324# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 325# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 326# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 327# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 328# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 329# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 330# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 331# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 332# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 333# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 334 335# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 336# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 337# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 338# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 339# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 340# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 341# 342# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 343# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 344# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 345# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 346# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 347# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 348# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 349# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 350# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 351# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 352# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 353# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 354# (friday 5)) 355# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 356# (setq a (1- a))) 357# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 358# (setq b (1+ b))) 359# (setq a (1- a)) 360# (setq b (1- b)) 361# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 362# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 363# (insert 364# (format 365# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 366# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 367# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 368# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 369# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 370Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 380Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 381Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 382Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 383Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 384Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 385Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 386Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 387Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 388Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 389Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 390Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 391Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 392Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 393Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 394 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 397 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 398 399# Equatorial Guinea 400# See Africa/Lagos. 401 402# Eritrea 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 405 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 406 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 407 3:00 - EAT 408 409# Ethiopia 410# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 411# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 412# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 413# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 414# 415# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 416# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 417# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 418# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 419# anyway. 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 423 3:00 - EAT 424 425# Gabon 426# See Africa/Lagos. 427 428# Gambia 429# See Africa/Abidjan. 430 431# Ghana 432# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 433# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 434# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 435# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 436# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 437# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 438# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 439Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 440Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 441# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 443 0:00 Ghana %s 444 445# Guinea 446# See Africa/Abidjan. 447 448# Guinea-Bissau 449# 450# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 451# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 452# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 453# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 454# 455# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 457 -1:00 - WAT 1975 458 0:00 - GMT 459 460# Kenya 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 463 3:00 - EAT 1930 464 2:30 - BEAT 1940 465 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 466 3:00 - EAT 467 468# Lesotho 469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 471 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 472 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 473 2:00 - SAST 474 475# Liberia 476# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 477# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 478# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 479# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 480# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 481# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 482# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 483# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 484# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 485Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 486 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 487 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 488 0:00 - GMT 489 490############################################################################### 491 492# Libya 493 494# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 495# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 496# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 497# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 498# 499# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 500# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 501# 502# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 503# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 504# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 505# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 506# lastFri instead of lastSun). 507 508# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 509# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 510# cancelled yesterday.... 511# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 512# 513# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 514# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 515 516# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 517Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 518Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 519Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 520Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 521Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 522Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 523Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 524Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 525Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 526Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 527Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 528Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 529Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 530Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 531Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 532Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 533Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 534# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 536 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 537 2:00 - EET 1982 538 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 539# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 540# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 541 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 542 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 543 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 544 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 545 2:00 - EET 546 547# Madagascar 548# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 550 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 551 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 552 3:00 - EAT 553 554# Malawi 555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 557 2:00 - CAT 558 559# Mali 560# Mauritania 561# See Africa/Abidjan. 562 563# Mauritius 564 565# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 566# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 567# basis.... 568# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 569# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 570# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 571 572# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 573# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 574 575# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 576# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 577# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 578# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 579 580# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 581# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 582 583# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 584# According to 585# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 586# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 587# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 588# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 589# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 590# 591# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 592# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 593# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 594# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 595# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 596# changes two days later. 597 598# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 599# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 600# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 601# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 602# 603# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 604# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 605# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 606# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 607 608# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 609# The Government of Mauritius weblink 610# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 611# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 612# 613# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 614# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 615# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 616# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 617# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 618# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 619# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 620# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 621# and end on 29 March 2009. 622 623# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 624# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 625# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 626# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 627# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 628 629# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 630# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 631# DST the coming summer... 632# 633# Some sources, in French: 634# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 635# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 636# 637# Our wrap-up: 638# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 639 640# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 641# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 642# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 643# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 644 645# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 646Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 647Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 648Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 649Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 652 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 653# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 654# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 655 656# Mayotte 657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 659 3:00 - EAT 660 661# Morocco 662# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 663 664# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 665# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 666# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 667# 668# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 669# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 670# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 671# 672# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 673# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 674 675# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 676# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 677# Presse: 678# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 679# 680# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 681# spokesman. 682 683# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 684# According to this article: 685# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 686# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 687# the changes occur at midnight: 688# 689# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 690# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 691# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 692# 693# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 694# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 695# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 696# June 1st to Sept 27th. 697# 698# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 699# published on the web. 700# 701# It's also confirmed here: 702# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 703# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 704# posted in English). 705# 706# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 707# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 708 709# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 710# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 711# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 712# of September: 713# 714# One article about it (in French): 715# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 716# 717# We have some further details posted here: 718# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 719 720# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 721# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 722# to many sources, such as 723# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 724# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 725# (French) 726# 727# Our summary: 728# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 729 730# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 731# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 732# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 733# 734# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 735# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 736# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 737# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 738# 739# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 740# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 741 742# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 743# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 744# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 745# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 746# 747# Example: 748# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 749# (French) 750# Our page: 751# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 752 753# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 754# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 755# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 756# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 757# ...Official links of change in morocco 758# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 759# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 760# +212.537.71.84.00 761# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 762# They said that 763# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 764# is the official publication to look at. 765# They said that the decision was already taken. 766# 767# More articles in the press 768# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 769# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 770# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 771 772# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 773# They have it written in English here: 774# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 775# 776# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 777# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 778# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 779# also been like that in the past. 780 781# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 782# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 783# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 784# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 785# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 786# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 787# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 788# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 789# except the month of Ramadan. 790# or (brief) 791# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 792 793# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 794# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 795# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 796# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 797# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 798# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 799 800# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 801# Seen Morocco change again: 802# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 803# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 804# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 805 806# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 807# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 809# 810# Google translation, lightly edited: 811# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 812# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 813# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 814# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 815# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 816# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 817# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 818# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 819# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 820 821# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 822# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 823# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 824# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 825# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 826# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 827 828# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 829# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 830# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 831# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 832 833# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 834# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 835# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 836# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 837# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 838# source (French): 839# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 840# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 841# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 842 843# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 844# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 845 846# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 847# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 848# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 849# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 850# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 851 852# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 853# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 854# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 855# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 856# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 857# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 858# results integrated by hand into the table below. 859# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 860# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 861# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 862# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 863# (saturday 6)) 864# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 865# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 866# (setq b (1+ b))) 867# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 868# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 869# (insert 870# (format 871# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 872# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 873# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 874# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 875# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 876 877# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 878 879Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 882Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 884Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 886Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 899Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 901Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 903Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 906Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 908Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 916Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 918Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 919Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 920Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 922Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 924Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 925Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 926Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 927Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 928Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 929Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 930Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 931Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 932Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 935 936# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 937Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 938 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 939 1:00 - CET 1986 940 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 941 942# Western Sahara 943# 944# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 945# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 946# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 947# Morocco does. 948# 949# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 950# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 951# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 952 953Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 954 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 955 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 956 957# Mozambique 958# 959# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 960# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 961# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 962# merely made it official? 963# 964# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 965Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 966 2:00 - CAT 967 968# Namibia 969# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 970# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 971 972# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 973# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 974# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 975# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 976# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 977# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 978# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 979# of the country. 980# 981# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 982# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 983# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 984 985# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 986Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 987Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 988# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 989Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 990 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 991 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 992 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 993 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 994 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 995 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 996 997# Niger 998# See Africa/Lagos. 999 1000# Nigeria 1001# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1002Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1003 1:00 - WAT 1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1007Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1008Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1009Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1010Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1011Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1012Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1013 1014# R��union 1015# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1016Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1017 4:00 - RET # R��union Time 1018# 1019# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1020# 1021# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1022# The following information about them is taken from 1023# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1024# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1025# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1026# 1027# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1028# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1029# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1030# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1031# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1032 1033# Rwanda 1034# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1036 2:00 - CAT 1037 1038# St Helena 1039# See Africa/Abidjan. 1040# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1041# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1042# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1043# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1044# on GMT, says the CIA 1045# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1046 1047# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1048# Senegal 1049# See Africa/Abidjan. 1050 1051# Seychelles 1052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1053Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1054 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1055# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1056# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1057# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1058# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1059# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1060# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1061 1062# Sierra Leone 1063# See Africa/Abidjan. 1064 1065# Somalia 1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1067Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1068 3:00 - EAT 1931 1069 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1070 3:00 - EAT 1071 1072# South Africa 1073# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1075Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1078 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1079 2:00 SA SAST 1080# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1081# scientific station since 1947 1082# no information 1083 1084# Sudan 1085# 1086# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1087# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1088# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1089# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1090# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1091# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1092# 1093# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1094Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1095Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1096Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1097Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1098# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1099Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1100 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1101 3:00 - EAT 1102 1103# South Sudan 1104Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1105 1106# Swaziland 1107# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1109 2:00 - SAST 1110 1111# Tanzania 1112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1113Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1114 3:00 - EAT 1948 1115 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1116 3:00 - EAT 1117 1118# Togo 1119# See Africa/Abidjan. 1120 1121# Tunisia 1122 1123# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1124# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1125# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1126# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1127# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1128# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1129# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1130# Saturday." (My translation) 1131# 1132# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1133# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1134# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1135# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1136# 1h standard time. 1137# 1138# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1139# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1140# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1141# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1142# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1143 1144# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1145# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1146# (Arabic) 1147# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1148# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1149# 1150# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1151# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1152# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1153 1154# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1155# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1156# 1157# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1158# 1159# (in English) 1160# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1161# 1162# (in Arabic) 1163# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1164 1165# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1166# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1167# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1168# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1169# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1170# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1171 1172# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1173# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1174# 1175# (translation): 1176# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1177# Sunday... 1178# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1179# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1180# 1181# (in Arabic) 1182# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1183# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1184# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1185 1186# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1187Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1189Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1190Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1191Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1192Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1195Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1197Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1198Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1199Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1200Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1201Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1202Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1203Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1204Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1205Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1206Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1207Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1208Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1209Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1210Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1211Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1212 1213# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1214# more precise 0:09:21. 1215# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1218 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1219 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1220 1221# Uganda 1222# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1223Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1224 3:00 - EAT 1930 1225 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1226 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1227 3:00 - EAT 1228 1229# Zambia 1230# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1231Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1232 2:00 - CAT 1233 1234# Zimbabwe 1235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1236Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1237 2:00 - CAT 1238