1/* $NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.35 2011/03/05 13:47:43 pooka Exp $ */ 2 3/* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30#include <sys/cdefs.h> 31#ifndef lint 32#if 0 33static const char rcsid[] = 34 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.15 2000/10/10 01:49:37 wollman Exp $"; 35#else 36__RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.35 2011/03/05 13:47:43 pooka Exp $"); 37#endif 38#endif /* not lint */ 39 40#include <sys/types.h> 41#include <sys/param.h> 42#include <sys/mount.h> 43#include <sys/stat.h> 44#include <sys/time.h> 45#include <sys/disk.h> 46 47#include <ctype.h> 48#include <err.h> 49#include <errno.h> 50#include <fcntl.h> 51#include <paths.h> 52#include <stdio.h> 53#include <stdlib.h> 54#include <string.h> 55#include <time.h> 56#include <unistd.h> 57#include <signal.h> 58 59#include <util.h> 60#include <disktab.h> 61 62#include "partutil.h" 63 64#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 65#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 66#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 67 68#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 69#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 70#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 71#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 72#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 73#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 74#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 75#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 76#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 77#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 78#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 79#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 80#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 81#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 82 83#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 84 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 85 MINCLS32) 86 87#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 88 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 89 MAXCLS32) 90 91#define mk1(p, x) \ 92 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 93 94#define mk2(p, x) \ 95 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 96 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 97 98#define mk4(p, x) \ 99 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 100 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 101 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 102 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 103 104#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 105#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 106#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 107#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 108 109struct bs { 110 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 111 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 112}; 113 114struct bsbpb { 115 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 116 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 117 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 118 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 119 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 120 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 121 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 122 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 123 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 124 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 125 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 126 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 127}; 128 129struct bsxbpb { 130 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 131 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 132 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 133 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 134 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 135 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 136 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 137}; 138 139struct bsx { 140 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 141 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 142 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 143 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 144 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 145 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 146}; 147 148struct de { 149 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 150 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 151 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 152 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 153 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 154 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 155 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 156}; 157 158struct bpb { 159 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 160 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 161 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 162 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 163 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 164 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 165 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 166 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 167 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 168 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 169 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 170 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 171 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 172 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 173 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 174 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 175}; 176 177#define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \ 178 { .bps = a, .spc = b, .res = c, .nft = d, .rde = e, \ 179 .sec = f, .mid = g, .spf = h, .spt = i, .hds = j, } 180static struct { 181 const char *name; 182 struct bpb bpb; 183} stdfmt[] = { 184 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)}, 185 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)}, 186 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)}, 187 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)}, 188 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)}, 189 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)}, 190 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)}, 191 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)}, 192 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)}, 193 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)} 194}; 195 196static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 197 0xfa, /* cli */ 198 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 199 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 200 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 201 0xfb, /* sti */ 202 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 203 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 204 0x5e, /* pop si */ 205 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 206 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 207 0xfc, /* cld */ 208 0xac, /* lodsb */ 209 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 210 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 211 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 212 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 213 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 214 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 215 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 216 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 217 0x0d, 0x0a, 218 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 219 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 222 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 223 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 224 0x0d, 0x0a, 225 0 226}; 227 228static int got_siginfo = 0; /* received a SIGINFO */ 229 230static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 231static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 232static void getbpbinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *, int); 233static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 234static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 235static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 236static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 237static int oklabel(const char *); 238static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 239static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 240__dead static void usage(void); 241static void infohandler(int sig); 242 243/* 244 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 245 */ 246int 247main(int argc, char *argv[]) 248{ 249 static char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 250 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 251 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 252 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 253 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 254 static int opt_N; 255 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 256 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 257 struct stat sb; 258 struct timeval tv; 259 struct bpb bpb; 260 struct tm *tm; 261 struct bs *bs; 262 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 263 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 264 struct bsx *bsx; 265 struct de *de; 266 u_int8_t *img; 267 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 268 ssize_t n; 269 time_t now; 270 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 271 int ch, fd, fd1; 272 static off_t opt_create=0, opt_ofs=0; 273 274 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 275 switch (ch) { 276 case '@': 277 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 278 break; 279 case 'N': 280 opt_N = 1; 281 break; 282 case 'B': 283 opt_B = optarg; 284 break; 285 case 'C': 286 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 287 break; 288 case 'F': 289 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 290 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 291 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 292 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 293 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 294 break; 295 case 'I': 296 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 297 Iflag = 1; 298 break; 299 case 'L': 300 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 301 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 302 opt_L = optarg; 303 break; 304 case 'O': 305 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 306 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 307 opt_O = optarg; 308 break; 309 case 'S': 310 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 311 break; 312 case 'a': 313 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 314 break; 315 case 'b': 316 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 317 opt_c = 0; 318 break; 319 case 'c': 320 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 321 opt_b = 0; 322 break; 323 case 'e': 324 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 325 break; 326 case 'f': 327 opt_f = optarg; 328 break; 329 case 'h': 330 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 331 break; 332 case 'i': 333 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 334 break; 335 case 'k': 336 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 337 break; 338 case 'm': 339 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 340 mflag = 1; 341 break; 342 case 'n': 343 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 344 break; 345 case 'o': 346 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 347 oflag = 1; 348 break; 349 case 'r': 350 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 351 break; 352 case 's': 353 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 354 break; 355 case 'u': 356 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 357 break; 358 default: 359 usage(); 360 } 361 argc -= optind; 362 argv += optind; 363 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 364 usage(); 365 fname = *argv++; 366 if (!strchr(fname, '/') && !opt_create) { 367 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 368 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 369 err(1, NULL); 370 } 371 dtype = *argv; 372 if (opt_create) { 373 off_t pos; 374 375 if (opt_N) 376 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 377 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 378 if (fd == -1) 379 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 380 pos = lseek(fd, opt_create - 1, SEEK_SET); 381 if (write(fd, "\0", 1) != 1) 382 err(1, "failed to set file size"); 383 pos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 384 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 385 fstat(fd, &sb)) 386 err(1, "%s", fname); 387 if (!opt_N) 388 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 389 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && !opt_create) 390 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 391 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 392 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 393 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 394 if (opt_f) { 395 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 396 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 397 bpb.sec = 0; 398 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 399 bpb.spf = 0; 400 } 401 if (opt_h) 402 bpb.hds = opt_h; 403 if (opt_u) 404 bpb.spt = opt_u; 405 if (opt_S) 406 bpb.bps = opt_S; 407 if (opt_s) 408 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 409 if (oflag) 410 bpb.hid = opt_o; 411 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 412 off_t delta; 413 getbpbinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb, opt_create != 0); 414 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 415 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 416 if (delta != 0) { 417 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 418 (int)delta, bpb.spt); 419 bpb.bsec -= delta; 420 } 421 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 422 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 423 bpb.spc = 1; 424 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 425 bpb.spc = 8; 426 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 427 bpb.spc = 16; 428 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 429 bpb.spc = 32; 430 else 431 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 432 } 433 } 434 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 435 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 436 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 437 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 438 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 439 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 440 if (opt_f) 441 fat = 12; 442 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 443 fat = 32; 444 } 445 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 446 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 447 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 448 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 449 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 450 bpb.rde = 0; 451 if (opt_b) { 452 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 453 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 454 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 455 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 456 opt_b, bpb.bps); 457 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 458 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 459 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 460 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 461 } 462 if (opt_c) { 463 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 464 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 465 bpb.spc = opt_c; 466 } 467 if (opt_r) 468 bpb.res = opt_r; 469 if (opt_n) { 470 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 471 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 472 opt_n, MAXNFT); 473 bpb.nft = opt_n; 474 } 475 if (opt_e) 476 bpb.rde = opt_e; 477 if (mflag) { 478 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 479 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 480 bpb.mid = opt_m; 481 } 482 if (opt_a) 483 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 484 if (opt_i) 485 bpb.infs = opt_i; 486 if (opt_k) 487 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 488 bss = 1; 489 bname = NULL; 490 fd1 = -1; 491 if (opt_B) { 492 bname = opt_B; 493 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 494 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 495 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 496 err(1, NULL); 497 } 498 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 499 err(1, "%s", bname); 500 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 501 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 502 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 503 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 504 } 505 if (!bpb.nft) 506 bpb.nft = 2; 507 if (!fat) { 508 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 509 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 510 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 511 bpb.nft + 512 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 513 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 514 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 515 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 516 fat = 12; 517 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 518 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 519 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 520 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 521 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 522 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 523 fat = 16; 524 else 525 fat = 32; 526 } 527 x = bss; 528 if (fat == 32) { 529 if (!bpb.infs) { 530 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 531 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 532 bpb.infs = x; 533 } 534 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 535 x = bpb.infs + 1; 536 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 537 if (x == MAXU16) 538 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 539 bpb.bkbs = x; 540 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 541 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 542 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 543 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 544 } 545 if (!bpb.res) 546 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 547 else if (bpb.res < x) 548 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.res); 549 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 550 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 551 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 552 if (!bpb.spc) 553 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 554 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 555 bpb.res + 556 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 557 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 558 rds + 559 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 560 bpb.spc <<= 1); 561 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 562 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 563 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 564 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 565 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 566 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 567 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 568 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 569 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 570 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 571 bpb.bps * NPB); 572 if (!bpb.bspf) { 573 bpb.bspf = x2; 574 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 575 } 576 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 577 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 578 if (cls > x) 579 cls = x; 580 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 581 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 582 cls); 583 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 584 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 585 mincls(fat)); 586 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 587 cls = maxcls(fat); 588 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 589 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 590 bpb.bsec); 591 } 592 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 593 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 594 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 595 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 596 if (!bpb.mid) 597 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 598 if (fat == 32) 599 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 600 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 601 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 602 bpb.bsec = 0; 603 } 604 if (fat != 32) { 605 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 606 bpb.bspf = 0; 607 } 608 ch = 0; 609 if (fat == 12) 610 ch = 1; /* 001 Primary DOS with 12 bit FAT */ 611 else if (fat == 16) { 612 if (bpb.bsec == 0) 613 ch = 4; /* 004 Primary DOS with 16 bit FAT <32M */ 614 else 615 ch = 6; /* 006 Primary 'big' DOS, 16-bit FAT (> 32MB) */ 616 /* 617 * XXX: what about: 618 * 014 DOS (16-bit FAT) - LBA 619 * ? 620 */ 621 } else if (fat == 32) { 622 ch = 11; /* 011 Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT */ 623 /* 624 * XXX: what about: 625 * 012 Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT - LBA 626 * ? 627 */ 628 } 629 if (ch != 0) 630 printf("MBR type: %d\n", ch); 631 print_bpb(&bpb); 632 if (!opt_N) { 633 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 634 now = tv.tv_sec; 635 tm = localtime(&now); 636 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 637 err(1, NULL); 638 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 639 signal(SIGINFO, infohandler); 640 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 641 if (got_siginfo) { 642 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 643 fname,lsn,(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds)), 644 (lsn*100)/(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds))); 645 got_siginfo = 0; 646 } 647 x = lsn; 648 if (opt_B && 649 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 650 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 651 x -= bpb.bkbs; 652 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 653 err(1, "%s", bname); 654 } 655 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 656 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 657 err(1, "%s", bname); 658 if ((size_t)n != bpb.bps) 659 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 660 } else 661 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 662 if (!lsn || 663 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 664 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 665 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 666 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 667 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 668 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 669 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 670 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 671 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 672 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 673 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 674 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 675 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 676 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 677 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 678 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 679 if (fat == 32) { 680 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 681 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 682 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 683 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 684 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 685 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 686 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 687 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 688 } 689 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 690 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 691 if (Iflag) 692 x = opt_I; 693 else 694 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 695 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 696 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 697 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 698 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 699 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 700 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 701 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 702 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME"); 703 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 704 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 705 if (!opt_B) { 706 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 707 bs = (struct bs *)img; 708 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 709 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 710 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 711 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "NetBSD", 712 sizeof(bs->oem)); 713 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 714 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 715 } 716 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 717 (lsn == bpb.infs || 718 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 719 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 720 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 721 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 722 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 723 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 724 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 725 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 726 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 727 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 728 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 729 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 730 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 731 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 732 de = (struct de *)img; 733 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 734 mk1(de->attr, 050); 735 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 736 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 737 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 738 mk2(de->time, x); 739 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 740 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 741 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 742 mk2(de->date, x); 743 } 744 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 745 err(1, "%s", fname); 746 if ((size_t)n != bpb.bps) 747 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 748 } 749 } 750 return 0; 751} 752 753/* 754 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 755 */ 756static void 757check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 758{ 759 struct statvfs *mp; 760 const char *s1, *s2; 761 size_t len; 762 int n, r; 763 764 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 765 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 766 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 767 s1 = fname; 768 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 769 s1 += len; 770 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 771 for (; n--; mp++) { 772 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 773 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 774 s2 += len; 775 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 776 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 777 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 778 } 779} 780 781/* 782 * Get a standard format. 783 */ 784static void 785getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 786{ 787 u_int x, i; 788 789 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 790 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 791 if (i == x) 792 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 793 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 794} 795 796/* 797 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 798 */ 799static void 800getbpbinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 801 struct bpb *bpb, int create) 802{ 803 struct disk_geom geo; 804 struct dkwedge_info dkw; 805 const char *s1, *s2; 806 int part; 807 int maxpartitions; 808 809 part = -1; 810 s1 = fname; 811 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 812 s1 = s2 + 1; 813 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit((unsigned char)*s2); s2++); 814 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 815 s2 = NULL; 816 else 817 while (isdigit((unsigned char)*++s2)); 818 s1 = s2; 819 820 maxpartitions = getmaxpartitions(); 821 822 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + maxpartitions - 1) { 823 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 824 } 825 if (((part != -1) && ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 826 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 827 if (create || getdiskinfo(fname, fd, NULL, &geo, &dkw) == -1) { 828 struct stat st; 829 830 if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) 831 errx(1, "Can't get disk size for `%s'", fname); 832 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 833 geo.dg_secsize = 512; 834 geo.dg_nsectors = 63; 835 geo.dg_ntracks = 255; 836 dkw.dkw_size = st.st_size / geo.dg_secsize; 837 } 838 if (!bpb->bps) 839 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, geo.dg_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 840 841 if (geo.dg_nsectors > 63) { 842 /* 843 * The kernel doesn't accept BPB with spt > 63. 844 * (see sys/fs/msdosfs/msdosfs_vfsops.c:msdosfs_mountfs()) 845 * If values taken from disklabel don't match these 846 * restrictions, use popular BIOS default values instead. 847 */ 848 geo.dg_nsectors = 63; 849 } 850 if (!bpb->spt) 851 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, geo.dg_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 852 if (!bpb->hds) 853 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, geo.dg_ntracks, "drive heads"); 854 if (!bpb->bsec) 855 bpb->bsec = dkw.dkw_size; 856 } 857} 858 859/* 860 * Print out BPB values. 861 */ 862static void 863print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 864{ 865 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 866 bpb->nft); 867 if (bpb->rde) 868 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 869 if (bpb->sec) 870 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 871 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 872 if (bpb->spf) 873 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 874 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 875 if (bpb->bsec) 876 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 877 if (!bpb->spf) { 878 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 879 printf(" infs="); 880 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 881 printf(" bkbs="); 882 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 883 } 884 printf("\n"); 885} 886 887/* 888 * Check a disk geometry value. 889 */ 890static u_int 891ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 892{ 893 if (!val) 894 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 895 if (val > MAXU16) 896 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 897 return val; 898} 899 900/* 901 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 902 */ 903static u_int 904argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 905{ 906 char *s; 907 u_long x; 908 909 errno = 0; 910 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 911 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 912 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 913 return x; 914} 915 916/* 917 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 918 */ 919static off_t 920argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 921{ 922 char *s; 923 off_t x; 924 925 errno = 0; 926 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 927 /* allow at most one extra char */ 928 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 929 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 930 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 931 switch (*s) { 932 default: 933 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 934 /* notreached */ 935 936 case 's': /* sector */ 937 case 'S': 938 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 939 break; 940 941 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 942 case 'K': 943 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 944 break; 945 946 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 947 case 'M': 948 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 949 break; 950 951 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 952 case 'G': 953 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 954 break; 955 956 case 'p': /* partition start */ 957 case 'P': /* partition start */ 958 case 'l': /* partition length */ 959 case 'L': /* partition length */ 960 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 961 /* notreached */ 962 } 963 } 964 return x; 965} 966 967/* 968 * Check a volume label. 969 */ 970static int 971oklabel(const char *src) 972{ 973 int c, i; 974 975 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 976 c = (u_char)*src++; 977 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 978 break; 979 } 980 return i && !c; 981} 982 983/* 984 * Make a volume label. 985 */ 986static void 987mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 988{ 989 int c, i; 990 991 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 992 c = *src ? toupper((unsigned char)*src++) : ' '; 993 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 994 } 995} 996 997/* 998 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 999 */ 1000static void 1001setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1002{ 1003 while (len--) 1004 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1005} 1006 1007/* 1008 * Print usage message. 1009 */ 1010static void 1011usage(void) 1012{ 1013 fprintf(stderr, 1014 "usage: %s [ -options ] special [disktype]\n", getprogname()); 1015 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 1016 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 1017 "just print out parameters\n"); 1018 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 1019 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 1020 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 1021 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 1022 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 1023 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 1024 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 1025 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 1026 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 1027 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 1028 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 1029 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 1030 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 1031 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 1032 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 1033 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 1034 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 1035 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 1036 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 1037 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1038 exit(1); 1039} 1040 1041void 1042infohandler(int sig) 1043{ 1044 got_siginfo = 1; 1045} 1046