1 2@node GNU Free Documentation License 3@appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License 4 5@cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License 6@center Version 1.1, March 2000 7 8@display 9Copyright @copyright{} 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 1059 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 11 12Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14@end display 15 16@enumerate 0 17@item 18PREAMBLE 19 20The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 21written document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone 22the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without 23modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, 24this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get 25credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for 26modifications made by others. 27 28This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative 29works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 30complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 31license designed for free software. 32 33We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 34software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 35program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 36software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 37it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 38whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 39principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 40 41@item 42APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 43 44This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a 45notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed 46under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any 47such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is 48addressed as ``you''. 49 50A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the 51Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 52modifications and/or translated into another language. 53 54A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of 55the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 56publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject 57(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly 58within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a 59textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any 60mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 61connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 62commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 63them. 64 65The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 66are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 67that says that the Document is released under this License. 68 69The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, 70as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 71the Document is released under this License. 72 73A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 74represented in a format whose specification is available to the 75general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and 76straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 77pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 78drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 79for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 80to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 81format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage 82subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is 83not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. 84 85Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 86@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input format, 87@acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available 88@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML} designed 89for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, 90@acronym{PDF}, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by 91proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} for which 92the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are not generally available, 93and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML} produced by some word 94processors for output purposes only. 95 96The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 97plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 98this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 99formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means 100the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 101preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 102 103@item 104VERBATIM COPYING 105 106You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 107commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 108copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 109to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 110conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 111technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 112copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 113compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 114number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 115 116You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 117you may publicly display copies. 118 119@item 120COPYING IN QUANTITY 121 122If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, 123and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose 124the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 125Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 126the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 127you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 128the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 129visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 130Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 131the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 132as verbatim copying in other respects. 133 134If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 135legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 136reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 137pages. 138 139If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 140more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 141copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 142a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete 143Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the 144general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no 145charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter 146option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin 147distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this 148Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location 149until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque 150copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to 151the public. 152 153It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 154Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 155them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 156 157@item 158MODIFICATIONS 159 160You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 161the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 162the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 163Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 164and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 165of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 166 167@enumerate A 168@item 169Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 170from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 171(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 172of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 173if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 174 175@item 176List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 177responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 178Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 179Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). 180 181@item 182State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 183Modified Version, as the publisher. 184 185@item 186Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 187 188@item 189Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 190adjacent to the other copyright notices. 191 192@item 193Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 194giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 195terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 196 197@item 198Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 199and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 200 201@item 202Include an unaltered copy of this License. 203 204@item 205Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to 206it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 207publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 208there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one 209stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 210given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 211Version as stated in the previous sentence. 212 213@item 214Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 215public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 216the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 217it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. 218You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 219least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 220publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 221 222@item 223In any section entitled ``Acknowledgments'' or ``Dedications'', 224preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the 225substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgments 226and/or dedications given therein. 227 228@item 229Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 230unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 231or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 232 233@item 234Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section 235may not be included in the Modified Version. 236 237@item 238Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements'' 239or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 240@end enumerate 241 242If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 243appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 244copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 245of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 246list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 247These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 248 249You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains 250nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 251parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 252been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 253standard. 254 255You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 256passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 257of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 258Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 259through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 260includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 261by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 262you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 263permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 264 265The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 266give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 267imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 268 269@item 270COMBINING DOCUMENTS 271 272You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 273License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 274versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 275Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 276list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 277license notice. 278 279The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 280multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 281copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 282different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 283adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 284author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 285Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 286Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 287 288In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History'' 289in the various original documents, forming one section entitled 290``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgments'', 291and any sections entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections 292entitled ``Endorsements.'' 293 294@item 295COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 296 297You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 298released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 299License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 300the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 301verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 302 303You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 304it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 305License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 306other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 307 308@item 309AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 310 311A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 312and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 313distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version 314of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the 315compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this 316License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled 317with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they 318are not themselves derivative works of the Document. 319 320If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 321copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter 322of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 323covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. 324Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. 325 326@item 327TRANSLATION 328 329Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 330distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 331Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 332permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 333translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 334original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 335translation of this License provided that you also include the 336original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement 337between the translation and the original English version of this 338License, the original English version will prevail. 339 340@item 341TERMINATION 342 343You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except 344as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to 345copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will 346automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, 347parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this 348License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 349parties remain in full compliance. 350 351@item 352FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 353 354The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 355of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 356versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 357differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 358@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. 359 360Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 361If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 362License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of 363following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 364of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 365Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 366number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 367as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 368@end enumerate 369 370@page 371@appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 372 373To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 374the License in the document and put the following copyright and 375license notices just after the title page: 376 377@smallexample 378@group 379 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. 380 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 381 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 382 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 383 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the 384 Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}. 385 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 386 Free Documentation License''. 387@end group 388@end smallexample 389 390If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections'' 391instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no 392Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of 393``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. 394 395If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 396recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 397free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 398to permit their use in free software. 399 400@c Local Variables: 401@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" 402@c End: 403 404