1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 25<a href="/en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> | 26<a href="/es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa�ol"> es </a> | 27<a href="/fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 28<a href="/ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 29<a href="/ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 30<a href="/ru/invoking.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a> | 31<a href="/tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 32</div> 33 34 <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows 35 NT, 2000 and XP, or as a console application on Windows 9x and 36 ME. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a> 37 and <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a 38 Console Application</a>.</p> 39 40 <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program 41 is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the 42 background to handle requests. This document describes how 43 to invoke <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p> 44</div> 45<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li> 46<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li> 47<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li> 48<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li> 49</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 50<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 51<div class="section"> 52<h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2> 53 54 <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> 55 specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other 56 port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in 57 order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged 58 port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary 59 activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several 60 <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and 61 answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code> 62 process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes 63 run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected 64 <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p> 65 66 <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> 67 executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This 68 script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for 69 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating 70 systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary. 71 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line 72 arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with 73 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the 74 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code> 75 variable near the top to specify the correct location of the 76 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you 77 wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p> 78 79 <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is 80 invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a> 81 <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at 82 compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run 83 time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p> 84 85<div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f 86 /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div> 87 88 <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from 89 the terminal and the command prompt will return almost 90 immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running. 91 You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view 92 the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p> 93</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 94<div class="section"> 95<h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2> 96 97 <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will 98 write a message describing the problem either to the console or 99 to the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before 100 exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable 101 to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by 102 either:</p> 103 104 <ul> 105 <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not 106 logged in as the root user; or</li> 107 108 <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance 109 of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same 110 Port.</li> 111 </ul> 112 113 <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the 114 Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p> 115</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 116<div class="section"> 117<h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2> 118 119 <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system 120 reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your 121 system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in 122 an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as 123 root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly 124 configured for security and access restrictions.</p> 125 126 <p>The <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a 127 standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments 128 <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code> 129 and translate them into the appropriate signals to 130 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link 131 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be 132 sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p> 133</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 134<div class="section"> 135<h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2> 136 137 <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="/programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support 138 programs included with the server is available on the 139 <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page. 140 There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution 141 and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they 142 provide.</p> 143</div></div> 144<div class="bottomlang"> 145<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 146<a href="/en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> | 147<a href="/es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa�ol"> es </a> | 148<a href="/fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 149<a href="/ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 150<a href="/ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 151<a href="/ru/invoking.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a> | 152<a href="/tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 153</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> 154<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- 155var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; 156var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/invoking.html'; 157(function(w, d) { 158 if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { 159 d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); 160 var s = d.createElement('script'); 161 s.type = 'text/javascript'; 162 s.async = true; 163 s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; 164 (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); 165 } 166 else { 167 d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); 168 } 169})(window, document); 170//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> 171<p class="apache">Copyright 2013 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> 172<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- 173if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { 174 prettyPrint(); 175} 176//--><!]]></script> 177</body></html>
