1// SGI's rope class -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
4// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5//
6// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
7// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
8// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
9// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
10// any later version.
11
12// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15// GNU General Public License for more details.
16
17// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
18// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
19// Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
20// USA.
21
22// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
23// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
24// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
25// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
26// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
27// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
28// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
29// the GNU General Public License.
30
31/*
32 * Copyright (c) 1997
33 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
34 *
35 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
36 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
37 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
38 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
39 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
40 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
41 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
42 */
43
44/** @file ext/rope
45 *  This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library (possibly
46 *  containing extensions from the HP/SGI STL subset). 
47 */
48
49#ifndef _ROPE
50#define _ROPE 1
51
52#include <bits/stl_algobase.h>
53#include <bits/stl_construct.h>
54#include <bits/stl_uninitialized.h>
55#include <bits/stl_algo.h>
56#include <bits/stl_function.h>
57#include <bits/stl_numeric.h>
58#include <bits/allocator.h>
59#include <ext/hash_fun.h>
60
61# ifdef __GC
62#   define __GC_CONST const
63# else
64#   include <bits/gthr.h>
65#   define __GC_CONST   // constant except for deallocation
66# endif
67
68#include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
69
70_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(__gnu_cxx)
71
72  namespace __detail
73  {
74    enum { _S_max_rope_depth = 45 };
75    enum _Tag {_S_leaf, _S_concat, _S_substringfn, _S_function};
76  } // namespace __detail
77
78  using std::size_t;
79  using std::ptrdiff_t;
80  using std::allocator;
81  using std::iterator;
82  using std::reverse_iterator;
83  using std::_Destroy;
84
85  // The _S_eos function is used for those functions that
86  // convert to/from C-like strings to detect the end of the string.
87  
88  // The end-of-C-string character.
89  // This is what the draft standard says it should be.
90  template <class _CharT>
91    inline _CharT
92    _S_eos(_CharT*)
93    { return _CharT(); }
94
95  // Test for basic character types.
96  // For basic character types leaves having a trailing eos.
97  template <class _CharT>
98    inline bool
99    _S_is_basic_char_type(_CharT*)
100    { return false; }
101  
102  template <class _CharT>
103    inline bool
104    _S_is_one_byte_char_type(_CharT*)
105    { return false; }
106
107  inline bool
108  _S_is_basic_char_type(char*)
109  { return true; }
110  
111  inline bool
112  _S_is_one_byte_char_type(char*)
113  { return true; }
114  
115  inline bool
116  _S_is_basic_char_type(wchar_t*)
117  { return true; }
118
119  // Store an eos iff _CharT is a basic character type.
120  // Do not reference _S_eos if it isn't.
121  template <class _CharT>
122    inline void
123    _S_cond_store_eos(_CharT&) { }
124
125  inline void
126  _S_cond_store_eos(char& __c)
127  { __c = 0; }
128
129  inline void
130  _S_cond_store_eos(wchar_t& __c)
131  { __c = 0; }
132
133  // char_producers are logically functions that generate a section of
134  // a string.  These can be convereted to ropes.  The resulting rope
135  // invokes the char_producer on demand.  This allows, for example,
136  // files to be viewed as ropes without reading the entire file.
137  template <class _CharT>
138    class char_producer
139    {
140    public:
141      virtual ~char_producer() { };
142
143      virtual void
144      operator()(size_t __start_pos, size_t __len,
145		 _CharT* __buffer) = 0;
146      // Buffer should really be an arbitrary output iterator.
147      // That way we could flatten directly into an ostream, etc.
148      // This is thoroughly impossible, since iterator types don't
149      // have runtime descriptions.
150    };
151
152  // Sequence buffers:
153  //
154  // Sequence must provide an append operation that appends an
155  // array to the sequence.  Sequence buffers are useful only if
156  // appending an entire array is cheaper than appending element by element.
157  // This is true for many string representations.
158  // This should  perhaps inherit from ostream<sequence::value_type>
159  // and be implemented correspondingly, so that they can be used
160  // for formatted.  For the sake of portability, we don't do this yet.
161  //
162  // For now, sequence buffers behave as output iterators.  But they also
163  // behave a little like basic_ostringstream<sequence::value_type> and a
164  // little like containers.
165
166  template<class _Sequence, size_t _Buf_sz = 100>
167    class sequence_buffer
168    : public iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, void, void, void, void>
169    {
170    public:
171      typedef typename _Sequence::value_type value_type;
172    protected:
173      _Sequence* _M_prefix;
174      value_type _M_buffer[_Buf_sz];
175      size_t     _M_buf_count;
176    public:
177
178      void
179      flush()
180      {
181	_M_prefix->append(_M_buffer, _M_buffer + _M_buf_count);
182	_M_buf_count = 0;
183      }
184      
185      ~sequence_buffer()
186      { flush(); }
187      
188      sequence_buffer()
189      : _M_prefix(0), _M_buf_count(0) { }
190
191      sequence_buffer(const sequence_buffer& __x)
192      {
193	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
194	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
195	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
196      }
197      
198      sequence_buffer(sequence_buffer& __x)
199      {
200	__x.flush();
201	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
202	_M_buf_count = 0;
203      }
204      
205      sequence_buffer(_Sequence& __s)
206      : _M_prefix(&__s), _M_buf_count(0) { }
207      
208      sequence_buffer&
209      operator=(sequence_buffer& __x)
210      {
211	__x.flush();
212	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
213	_M_buf_count = 0;
214	return *this;
215      }
216
217      sequence_buffer&
218      operator=(const sequence_buffer& __x)
219      {
220	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
221	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
222	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
223	return *this;
224      }
225      
226      void
227      push_back(value_type __x)
228      {
229	if (_M_buf_count < _Buf_sz)
230	  {
231	    _M_buffer[_M_buf_count] = __x;
232	    ++_M_buf_count;
233	  }
234	else
235	  {
236	    flush();
237	    _M_buffer[0] = __x;
238	    _M_buf_count = 1;
239	  }
240      }
241      
242      void
243      append(value_type* __s, size_t __len)
244      {
245	if (__len + _M_buf_count <= _Buf_sz)
246	  {
247	    size_t __i = _M_buf_count;
248	    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __len; __i++, __j++)
249	      _M_buffer[__i] = __s[__j];
250	    _M_buf_count += __len;
251	  }
252	else if (0 == _M_buf_count)
253	  _M_prefix->append(__s, __s + __len);
254	else
255	  {
256	    flush();
257	    append(__s, __len);
258	  }
259      }
260
261      sequence_buffer&
262      write(value_type* __s, size_t __len)
263      {
264	append(__s, __len);
265	return *this;
266      }
267      
268      sequence_buffer&
269      put(value_type __x)
270      {
271	push_back(__x);
272	return *this;
273      }
274      
275      sequence_buffer&
276      operator=(const value_type& __rhs)
277      {
278	push_back(__rhs);
279	return *this;
280      }
281      
282      sequence_buffer&
283      operator*()
284      { return *this; }
285      
286      sequence_buffer&
287      operator++()
288      { return *this; }
289      
290      sequence_buffer
291      operator++(int)
292      { return *this; }
293    };
294  
295  // The following should be treated as private, at least for now.
296  template<class _CharT>
297    class _Rope_char_consumer
298    {
299    public:
300      // If we had member templates, these should not be virtual.
301      // For now we need to use run-time parametrization where
302      // compile-time would do.  Hence this should all be private
303      // for now.
304      // The symmetry with char_producer is accidental and temporary.
305      virtual ~_Rope_char_consumer() { };
306  
307      virtual bool
308      operator()(const _CharT* __buffer, size_t __len) = 0;
309    };
310  
311  // First a lot of forward declarations.  The standard seems to require
312  // much stricter "declaration before use" than many of the implementations
313  // that preceded it.
314  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc = allocator<_CharT> >
315    class rope;
316  
317  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
318    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation;
319
320  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
321    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf;
322  
323  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
324    struct _Rope_RopeFunction;
325  
326  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
327    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring;
328  
329  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
330    class _Rope_iterator;
331  
332  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
333    class _Rope_const_iterator;
334  
335  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
336    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy;
337  
338  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
339    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy;
340
341  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
342    bool
343    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
344	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
345
346  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
347    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
348    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
349	      ptrdiff_t __n);
350
351  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
352    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
353    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
354	      ptrdiff_t __n);
355
356  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
357    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
358    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n,
359	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
360
361  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
362    bool
363    operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
364	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
365
366  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
367    bool
368    operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
369	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
370  
371  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
372    ptrdiff_t
373    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
374	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
375
376  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
377    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
378    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
379
380  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
381    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
382    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
383
384  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
385    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
386    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
387
388  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
389    bool
390    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
391	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
392
393  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
394    bool
395    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
396	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
397
398  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
399    ptrdiff_t
400    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
401	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
402
403  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
404    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
405    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
406	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right);
407
408  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
409    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
410    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, const _CharT* __right);
411
412  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
413    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
414    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right);
415
416  // Some helpers, so we can use power on ropes.
417  // See below for why this isn't local to the implementation.
418  
419  // This uses a nonstandard refcount convention.
420  // The result has refcount 0.
421  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
422    struct _Rope_Concat_fn
423    : public std::binary_function<rope<_CharT, _Alloc>, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>,
424				  rope<_CharT, _Alloc> >
425    {
426      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
427      operator()(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
428		 const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
429      { return __x + __y; }
430    };
431
432  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
433    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
434    identity_element(_Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>)
435    { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(); }
436
437  // Class _Refcount_Base provides a type, _RC_t, a data member,
438  // _M_ref_count, and member functions _M_incr and _M_decr, which perform
439  // atomic preincrement/predecrement.  The constructor initializes
440  // _M_ref_count.
441  struct _Refcount_Base
442  {
443    // The type _RC_t
444    typedef size_t _RC_t;
445    
446    // The data member _M_ref_count
447    volatile _RC_t _M_ref_count;
448
449    // Constructor
450    __gthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock;
451
452    _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n), _M_ref_count_lock()
453    {
454#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
455      __gthread_mutex_t __tmp = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
456      _M_ref_count_lock = __tmp;
457#elif defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
458      __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_ref_count_lock);
459#else
460#error __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT or __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION should be defined by gthr.h abstraction layer, report problem to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org.
461#endif
462    }
463
464    void
465    _M_incr()
466    {
467      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
468      ++_M_ref_count;
469      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
470    }
471
472    _RC_t
473    _M_decr()
474    {
475      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
476      volatile _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
477      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
478      return __tmp;
479    }
480  };
481
482  //
483  // What follows should really be local to rope.  Unfortunately,
484  // that doesn't work, since it makes it impossible to define generic
485  // equality on rope iterators.  According to the draft standard, the
486  // template parameters for such an equality operator cannot be inferred
487  // from the occurrence of a member class as a parameter.
488  // (SGI compilers in fact allow this, but the __result wouldn't be
489  // portable.)
490  // Similarly, some of the static member functions are member functions
491  // only to avoid polluting the global namespace, and to circumvent
492  // restrictions on type inference for template functions.
493  //
494
495  //
496  // The internal data structure for representing a rope.  This is
497  // private to the implementation.  A rope is really just a pointer
498  // to one of these.
499  //
500  // A few basic functions for manipulating this data structure
501  // are members of _RopeRep.  Most of the more complex algorithms
502  // are implemented as rope members.
503  //
504  // Some of the static member functions of _RopeRep have identically
505  // named functions in rope that simply invoke the _RopeRep versions.
506
507#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(__a) \
508        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_CharT,_Data) /* character data */ \
509        typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,__a> __C; \
510        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__C,_C) \
511        typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,__a> __L; \
512        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__L,_L) \
513        typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,__a> __F; \
514        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__F,_F) \
515        typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT,__a> __S; \
516        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__S,_S)
517
518  //  Internal rope nodes potentially store a copy of the allocator
519  //  instance used to allocate them.  This is mostly redundant.
520  //  But the alternative would be to pass allocator instances around
521  //  in some form to nearly all internal functions, since any pointer
522  //  assignment may result in a zero reference count and thus require
523  //  deallocation.
524
525#define __STATIC_IF_SGI_ALLOC  /* not static */
526
527  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
528    struct _Rope_rep_base
529    : public _Alloc
530    {
531      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
532
533      allocator_type
534      get_allocator() const
535      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
536
537      _Rope_rep_base(size_t __size, const allocator_type&)
538      : _M_size(__size) { }
539
540      size_t _M_size;
541
542# define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
543        typedef typename \
544          _Alloc::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
545        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(size_t __n) \
546          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
547        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, size_t __n) \
548          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
549      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
550# undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
551    };
552
553  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
554    struct _Rope_RopeRep
555    : public _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
556# ifndef __GC
557	     , _Refcount_Base
558# endif
559    {
560    public:
561      __detail::_Tag _M_tag:8;
562      bool _M_is_balanced:8;
563      unsigned char _M_depth;
564      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_c_string;
565      __gthread_mutex_t _M_c_string_lock;
566                        /* Flattened version of string, if needed.  */
567                        /* typically 0.                             */
568                        /* If it's not 0, then the memory is owned  */
569                        /* by this node.                            */
570                        /* In the case of a leaf, this may point to */
571                        /* the same memory as the data field.       */
572      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
573        allocator_type;
574
575      using _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::get_allocator;
576
577      _Rope_RopeRep(__detail::_Tag __t, int __d, bool __b, size_t __size,
578		    allocator_type __a)
579      : _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__size, __a),
580#ifndef __GC
581	_Refcount_Base(1),
582#endif
583	_M_tag(__t), _M_is_balanced(__b), _M_depth(__d), _M_c_string(0)
584#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
585    {
586      // Do not copy a POSIX/gthr mutex once in use.  However, bits are bits.
587      __gthread_mutex_t __tmp = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
588      _M_c_string_lock = __tmp;
589    }
590#else
591    { __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_c_string_lock); }
592#endif
593#ifdef __GC
594      void
595      _M_incr () { }
596#endif
597      static void
598      _S_free_string(__GC_CONST _CharT*, size_t __len,
599		     allocator_type __a);
600#define __STL_FREE_STRING(__s, __l, __a) _S_free_string(__s, __l, __a);
601                        // Deallocate data section of a leaf.
602                        // This shouldn't be a member function.
603                        // But its hard to do anything else at the
604                        // moment, because it's templatized w.r.t.
605                        // an allocator.
606                        // Does nothing if __GC is defined.
607#ifndef __GC
608      void _M_free_c_string();
609      void _M_free_tree();
610      // Deallocate t. Assumes t is not 0.
611      void
612      _M_unref_nonnil()
613      {
614	if (0 == _M_decr())
615	  _M_free_tree();
616      }
617
618      void
619      _M_ref_nonnil()
620      { _M_incr(); }
621
622      static void
623      _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
624      {
625	if (0 != __t)
626	  __t->_M_unref_nonnil();
627      }
628
629      static void
630      _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
631      {
632	if (0 != __t)
633	  __t->_M_incr();
634      }
635      
636      static void
637      _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
638      {
639	if (0 != __t && 0 == __t->_M_ref_count)
640	  __t->_M_free_tree();
641      }
642#   else /* __GC */
643      void _M_unref_nonnil() { }
644      void _M_ref_nonnil() { }
645      static void _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
646      static void _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
647      static void _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
648#   endif
649protected:
650      _Rope_RopeRep&
651      operator=(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
652
653      _Rope_RopeRep(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
654    };
655
656  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
657    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf
658    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
659    {
660    public:
661      // Apparently needed by VC++
662      // The data fields of leaves are allocated with some
663      // extra space, to accommodate future growth and for basic
664      // character types, to hold a trailing eos character.
665      enum { _S_alloc_granularity = 8 };
666      
667      static size_t
668      _S_rounded_up_size(size_t __n)
669      {
670        size_t __size_with_eos;
671	
672        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
673	  __size_with_eos = __n + 1;
674	else
675	  __size_with_eos = __n;
676#ifdef __GC
677	return __size_with_eos;
678#else
679	// Allow slop for in-place expansion.
680	return ((__size_with_eos + size_t(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1)
681		&~ (size_t(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1));
682#endif
683      }
684      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_data; /* Not necessarily 0 terminated. */
685                                  /* The allocated size is         */
686                                  /* _S_rounded_up_size(size), except */
687                                  /* in the GC case, in which it   */
688                                  /* doesn't matter.               */
689      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT,_Alloc>::allocator_type
690        allocator_type;
691
692      _Rope_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT* __d, size_t __size,
693		     allocator_type __a)
694      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_leaf, 0, true,
695				      __size, __a), _M_data(__d)
696      {
697        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT *)0))
698	  {
699            // already eos terminated.
700            this->_M_c_string = __d;
701	  }
702      }
703      // The constructor assumes that d has been allocated with
704      // the proper allocator and the properly padded size.
705      // In contrast, the destructor deallocates the data:
706#ifndef __GC
707      ~_Rope_RopeLeaf() throw()
708      {
709        if (_M_data != this->_M_c_string)
710	  this->_M_free_c_string();
711	
712        __STL_FREE_STRING(_M_data, this->_M_size, this->get_allocator());
713      }
714#endif
715protected:
716      _Rope_RopeLeaf&
717      operator=(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
718
719      _Rope_RopeLeaf(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
720    };
721
722  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
723    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation
724    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
725    {
726    public:
727      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_left;
728      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_right;
729
730      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
731        allocator_type;
732
733      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l,
734			      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r,
735			      allocator_type __a)
736	: _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_concat,
737				      std::max(__l->_M_depth,
738					       __r->_M_depth) + 1,
739				      false,
740				      __l->_M_size + __r->_M_size, __a),
741        _M_left(__l), _M_right(__r)
742      { }
743#ifndef __GC
744      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation() throw()
745      {
746	this->_M_free_c_string();
747	_M_left->_M_unref_nonnil();
748	_M_right->_M_unref_nonnil();
749      }
750#endif
751protected:
752      _Rope_RopeConcatenation&
753      operator=(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
754      
755      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
756    };
757
758  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
759    struct _Rope_RopeFunction
760    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
761    {
762    public:
763      char_producer<_CharT>* _M_fn;
764#ifndef __GC
765      bool _M_delete_when_done; // Char_producer is owned by the
766                                // rope and should be explicitly
767                                // deleted when the rope becomes
768                                // inaccessible.
769#else
770      // In the GC case, we either register the rope for
771      // finalization, or not.  Thus the field is unnecessary;
772      // the information is stored in the collector data structures.
773      // We do need a finalization procedure to be invoked by the
774      // collector.
775      static void
776      _S_fn_finalization_proc(void * __tree, void *)
777      { delete ((_Rope_RopeFunction *)__tree) -> _M_fn; }
778#endif
779    typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
780      allocator_type;
781
782      _Rope_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f, size_t __size,
783                        bool __d, allocator_type __a)
784      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_function, 0, true, __size, __a)
785	, _M_fn(__f)
786#ifndef __GC
787	, _M_delete_when_done(__d)
788#endif
789      {
790#ifdef __GC
791	if (__d)
792	  {
793	    GC_REGISTER_FINALIZER(this, _Rope_RopeFunction::
794				  _S_fn_finalization_proc, 0, 0, 0);
795	  }
796#endif
797      }
798#ifndef __GC
799      ~_Rope_RopeFunction() throw()
800      {
801	this->_M_free_c_string();
802	if (_M_delete_when_done)
803	  delete _M_fn;
804      }
805# endif
806    protected:
807      _Rope_RopeFunction&
808      operator=(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
809
810      _Rope_RopeFunction(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
811    };
812  // Substring results are usually represented using just
813  // concatenation nodes.  But in the case of very long flat ropes
814  // or ropes with a functional representation that isn't practical.
815  // In that case, we represent the __result as a special case of
816  // RopeFunction, whose char_producer points back to the rope itself.
817  // In all cases except repeated substring operations and
818  // deallocation, we treat the __result as a RopeFunction.
819  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
820    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring
821    : public _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>,
822      public char_producer<_CharT>
823    {
824    public:
825      // XXX this whole class should be rewritten.
826      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_base;      // not 0
827      size_t _M_start;
828
829      virtual void
830      operator()(size_t __start_pos, size_t __req_len,
831		 _CharT* __buffer)
832      {
833        switch(_M_base->_M_tag)
834	  {
835	  case __detail::_S_function:
836	  case __detail::_S_substringfn:
837	    {
838	      char_producer<_CharT>* __fn =
839		((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_fn;
840	      (*__fn)(__start_pos + _M_start, __req_len, __buffer);
841	    }
842	    break;
843	  case __detail::_S_leaf:
844	    {
845	      __GC_CONST _CharT* __s =
846		((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_data;
847	      uninitialized_copy_n(__s + __start_pos + _M_start, __req_len,
848				   __buffer);
849	    }
850	    break;
851	  default:
852	    break;
853	  }
854      }
855      
856      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
857        allocator_type;
858
859      _Rope_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __b, size_t __s,
860                          size_t __l, allocator_type __a)
861      : _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>(this, __l, false, __a),
862        char_producer<_CharT>(), _M_base(__b), _M_start(__s)
863      {
864#ifndef __GC
865	_M_base->_M_ref_nonnil();
866#endif
867        this->_M_tag = __detail::_S_substringfn;
868      }
869    virtual ~_Rope_RopeSubstring() throw()
870      {
871#ifndef __GC
872	_M_base->_M_unref_nonnil();
873	// _M_free_c_string();  -- done by parent class
874#endif
875      }
876    };
877
878  // Self-destructing pointers to Rope_rep.
879  // These are not conventional smart pointers.  Their
880  // only purpose in life is to ensure that unref is called
881  // on the pointer either at normal exit or if an exception
882  // is raised.  It is the caller's responsibility to
883  // adjust reference counts when these pointers are initialized
884  // or assigned to.  (This convention significantly reduces
885  // the number of potentially expensive reference count
886  // updates.)
887#ifndef __GC
888  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
889    struct _Rope_self_destruct_ptr
890    {
891      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_ptr;
892
893      ~_Rope_self_destruct_ptr()
894      { _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_unref(_M_ptr); }
895#ifdef __EXCEPTIONS
896      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() : _M_ptr(0) { };
897#else
898      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() { };
899#endif
900      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __p)
901      : _M_ptr(__p) { }
902    
903      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>&
904      operator*()
905      { return *_M_ptr; }
906    
907      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*
908      operator->()
909      { return _M_ptr; }
910    
911      operator _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*()
912      { return _M_ptr; }
913    
914      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr&
915      operator=(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __x)
916      { _M_ptr = __x; return *this; }
917    };
918#endif
919
920  // Dereferencing a nonconst iterator has to return something
921  // that behaves almost like a reference.  It's not possible to
922  // return an actual reference since assignment requires extra
923  // work.  And we would get into the same problems as with the
924  // CD2 version of basic_string.
925  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
926    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy
927    {
928      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
929      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
930      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
931#ifdef __GC
932      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
933#else
934      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
935#endif
936      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
937      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> _My_rope;
938      size_t _M_pos;
939      _CharT _M_current;
940      bool _M_current_valid;
941      _My_rope* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
942    public:
943      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, size_t __p)
944      :  _M_pos(__p), _M_current(), _M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__r) { }
945
946      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __x)
947      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_current(__x._M_current), 
948	_M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
949
950      // Don't preserve cache if the reference can outlive the
951      // expression.  We claim that's not possible without calling
952      // a copy constructor or generating reference to a proxy
953      // reference.  We declare the latter to have undefined semantics.
954      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, size_t __p, _CharT __c)
955      : _M_pos(__p), _M_current(__c), _M_current_valid(true), _M_root(__r) { }
956
957      inline operator _CharT () const;
958
959      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
960      operator=(_CharT __c);
961    
962      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator&() const;
963      
964      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
965      operator=(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __c)
966      { return operator=((_CharT)__c); }
967    };
968
969  template<class _CharT, class __Alloc>
970    inline void
971    swap(_Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __a,
972	 _Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __b)
973    {
974      _CharT __tmp = __a;
975      __a = __b;
976      __b = __tmp;
977    }
978
979  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
980    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy
981    {
982      // XXX this class should be rewritten.
983      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
984      size_t _M_pos;
985      rope<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
986    public:
987      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x)
988      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
989
990      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
991      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
992
993      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy() { }
994      
995      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(_CharT* __x)
996      : _M_root(0), _M_pos(0) { }
997
998      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy&
999      operator=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
1000      {
1001        _M_pos = __x._M_pos;
1002        _M_root = __x._M_root;
1003        return *this;
1004      }
1005
1006      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1007        friend bool
1008        operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1009		   const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1010
1011      _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator*() const
1012      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root, _M_pos); }
1013    };
1014
1015  // Rope iterators:
1016  // Unlike in the C version, we cache only part of the stack
1017  // for rope iterators, since they must be efficiently copyable.
1018  // When we run out of cache, we have to reconstruct the iterator
1019  // value.
1020  // Pointers from iterators are not included in reference counts.
1021  // Iterators are assumed to be thread private.  Ropes can
1022  // be shared.
1023  
1024  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1025    class _Rope_iterator_base
1026    : public iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, _CharT>
1027    {
1028      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1029    public:
1030      typedef _Alloc _allocator_type; // used in _Rope_rotate, VC++ workaround
1031      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1032      // Borland doesn't want this to be protected.
1033    protected:
1034      enum { _S_path_cache_len = 4 }; // Must be <= 9.
1035      enum { _S_iterator_buf_len = 15 };
1036      size_t _M_current_pos;
1037      _RopeRep* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
1038      size_t _M_leaf_pos;    // Starting position for current leaf
1039      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_start;
1040                             // Buffer possibly
1041                             // containing current char.
1042      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
1043                             // Pointer to current char in buffer.
1044                             // != 0 ==> buffer valid.
1045      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_end;
1046                             // One past __last valid char in buffer.
1047      // What follows is the path cache.  We go out of our
1048      // way to make this compact.
1049      // Path_end contains the bottom section of the path from
1050      // the root to the current leaf.
1051      const _RopeRep* _M_path_end[_S_path_cache_len];
1052      int _M_leaf_index;     // Last valid __pos in path_end;
1053                             // _M_path_end[0] ... _M_path_end[leaf_index-1]
1054                             // point to concatenation nodes.
1055      unsigned char _M_path_directions;
1056                          // (path_directions >> __i) & 1 is 1
1057                          // iff we got from _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i - 1]
1058                          // to _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i] by going to the
1059                          // __right. Assumes path_cache_len <= 9.
1060      _CharT _M_tmp_buf[_S_iterator_buf_len];
1061                        // Short buffer for surrounding chars.
1062                        // This is useful primarily for
1063                        // RopeFunctions.  We put the buffer
1064                        // here to avoid locking in the
1065                        // multithreaded case.
1066      // The cached path is generally assumed to be valid
1067      // only if the buffer is valid.
1068      static void _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1069                                        // Set buffer contents given
1070                                        // path cache.
1071      static void _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1072                                        // Set buffer contents and
1073                                        // path cache.
1074      static void _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1075                                        // As above, but assumes path
1076                                        // cache is valid for previous posn.
1077      _Rope_iterator_base() { }
1078
1079      _Rope_iterator_base(_RopeRep* __root, size_t __pos)
1080      : _M_current_pos(__pos), _M_root(__root), _M_buf_ptr(0) { }
1081
1082      void _M_incr(size_t __n);
1083      void _M_decr(size_t __n);
1084    public:
1085      size_t
1086      index() const
1087      { return _M_current_pos; }
1088    
1089      _Rope_iterator_base(const _Rope_iterator_base& __x)
1090      {
1091        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
1092	  *this = __x;
1093	else
1094	  {
1095            _M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1096            _M_root = __x._M_root;
1097            _M_buf_ptr = 0;
1098	  }
1099      }
1100    };
1101
1102  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1103    class _Rope_iterator;
1104
1105  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1106    class _Rope_const_iterator
1107    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1108    {
1109      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1110    protected:
1111      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1112      // The one from the base class may not be directly visible.
1113      _Rope_const_iterator(const _RopeRep* __root, size_t __pos)
1114      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(const_cast<_RopeRep*>(__root),
1115					    __pos)
1116                   // Only nonconst iterators modify root ref count
1117      { }
1118  public:
1119      typedef _CharT reference;   // Really a value.  Returning a reference
1120                                  // Would be a mess, since it would have
1121                                  // to be included in refcount.
1122      typedef const _CharT* pointer;
1123
1124    public:
1125      _Rope_const_iterator() { };
1126
1127      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
1128      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__x) { }
1129
1130      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x);
1131    
1132      _Rope_const_iterator(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos)
1133      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos) { }
1134
1135      _Rope_const_iterator&
1136      operator=(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
1137      {
1138        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
1139	  *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
1140	else
1141	  {
1142            this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1143            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
1144            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
1145	  }
1146        return(*this);
1147      }
1148
1149      reference
1150      operator*()
1151      {
1152        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
1153	  _S_setcache(*this);
1154        return *this->_M_buf_ptr;
1155      }
1156
1157      // Without this const version, Rope iterators do not meet the
1158      // requirements of an Input Iterator.
1159      reference
1160      operator*() const
1161      {
1162	return *const_cast<_Rope_const_iterator&>(*this);
1163      }
1164
1165      _Rope_const_iterator&
1166      operator++()
1167      {
1168        __GC_CONST _CharT* __next;
1169        if (0 != this->_M_buf_ptr
1170	    && (__next = this->_M_buf_ptr + 1) < this->_M_buf_end)
1171	  {
1172            this->_M_buf_ptr = __next;
1173            ++this->_M_current_pos;
1174	  }
1175	else
1176	  this->_M_incr(1);
1177	return *this;
1178      }
1179
1180      _Rope_const_iterator&
1181      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __n)
1182      {
1183        if (__n >= 0)
1184	  this->_M_incr(__n);
1185	else
1186	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
1187	return *this;
1188      }
1189
1190      _Rope_const_iterator&
1191      operator--()
1192      {
1193        this->_M_decr(1);
1194        return *this;
1195      }
1196
1197      _Rope_const_iterator&
1198      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __n)
1199      {
1200        if (__n >= 0)
1201	  this->_M_decr(__n);
1202	else
1203	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
1204	return *this;
1205      }
1206
1207      _Rope_const_iterator
1208      operator++(int)
1209      {
1210        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1211        this->_M_incr(1);
1212        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
1213        // This makes a subsequent dereference expensive.
1214        // Perhaps we should instead copy the iterator
1215        // if it has a valid cache?
1216      }
1217
1218      _Rope_const_iterator
1219      operator--(int)
1220      {
1221        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1222        this->_M_decr(1);
1223        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
1224      }
1225
1226      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1227        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1228        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1229		  ptrdiff_t __n);
1230
1231      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1232        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1233        operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1234		  ptrdiff_t __n);
1235
1236      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1237        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1238        operator+(ptrdiff_t __n,
1239		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
1240
1241      reference
1242      operator[](size_t __n)
1243      { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_fetch(this->_M_root,
1244					      this->_M_current_pos + __n); }
1245
1246      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1247        friend bool
1248        operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1249		   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1250
1251      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1252        friend bool
1253        operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1254		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1255
1256      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1257        friend ptrdiff_t
1258        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1259		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1260    };
1261
1262  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1263    class _Rope_iterator
1264    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1265    {
1266      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1267    protected:
1268      typedef typename _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep _RopeRep;
1269      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_root_rope;
1270
1271      // root is treated as a cached version of this, and is used to
1272      // detect changes to the underlying rope.
1273
1274      // Root is included in the reference count.  This is necessary
1275      // so that we can detect changes reliably.  Unfortunately, it
1276      // requires careful bookkeeping for the nonGC case.
1277      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r, size_t __pos)
1278      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__r->_M_tree_ptr, __pos),
1279        _M_root_rope(__r)
1280      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
1281        if (!(__r -> empty()))
1282	  _S_setcache(*this);
1283      }
1284
1285      void _M_check();
1286    public:
1287      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>  reference;
1288      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>* pointer;
1289
1290      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
1291      container()
1292      { return *_M_root_rope; }
1293
1294      _Rope_iterator()
1295      {
1296        this->_M_root = 0;  // Needed for reference counting.
1297      };
1298
1299      _Rope_iterator(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
1300      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
1301      {
1302        _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1303        _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
1304      }
1305
1306      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos);
1307
1308      ~_Rope_iterator()
1309      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root); }
1310
1311      _Rope_iterator&
1312      operator=(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
1313      {
1314        _RopeRep* __old = this->_M_root;
1315	
1316        _RopeRep::_S_ref(__x._M_root);
1317        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
1318	  {
1319            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1320            *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
1321	  }
1322	else
1323	  {
1324	    this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1325            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
1326            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1327            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
1328	  }
1329        _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
1330        return(*this);
1331      }
1332
1333      reference
1334      operator*()
1335      {
1336        _M_check();
1337        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
1338	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1339						      this->_M_current_pos);
1340	else
1341	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1342						      this->_M_current_pos,
1343						      *this->_M_buf_ptr);
1344      }
1345
1346      // See above comment.
1347      reference
1348      operator*() const
1349      {
1350	return *const_cast<_Rope_iterator&>(*this);
1351      }
1352
1353      _Rope_iterator&
1354      operator++()
1355      {
1356        this->_M_incr(1);
1357        return *this;
1358      }
1359
1360      _Rope_iterator&
1361      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __n)
1362      {
1363        if (__n >= 0)
1364	  this->_M_incr(__n);
1365	else
1366	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
1367	return *this;
1368      }
1369
1370      _Rope_iterator&
1371      operator--()
1372      {
1373        this->_M_decr(1);
1374        return *this;
1375      }
1376
1377      _Rope_iterator&
1378      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __n)
1379      {
1380        if (__n >= 0)
1381	  this->_M_decr(__n);
1382	else
1383	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
1384	return *this;
1385      }
1386
1387      _Rope_iterator
1388      operator++(int)
1389      {
1390        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1391        this->_M_incr(1);
1392        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
1393      }
1394
1395      _Rope_iterator
1396      operator--(int)
1397      {
1398        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1399        this->_M_decr(1);
1400        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
1401      }
1402
1403      reference
1404      operator[](ptrdiff_t __n)
1405      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1406						    this->_M_current_pos
1407						    + __n); }
1408
1409      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1410        friend bool
1411        operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1412		   const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1413
1414      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1415        friend bool
1416        operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1417		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1418
1419      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1420        friend ptrdiff_t
1421        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1422		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1423
1424      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1425        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1426        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
1427
1428      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1429        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1430        operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
1431
1432      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1433        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1434        operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
1435    };
1436
1437
1438  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1439    struct _Rope_base
1440    : public _Alloc
1441    {
1442      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
1443
1444      allocator_type
1445      get_allocator() const
1446      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
1447
1448      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1449      // The one in _Base may not be visible due to template rules.
1450
1451      _Rope_base(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type&)
1452      : _M_tree_ptr(__t) { }
1453
1454      _Rope_base(const allocator_type&) { }
1455
1456      // The only data member of a rope:
1457      _RopeRep *_M_tree_ptr;
1458
1459#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
1460        typedef typename \
1461          _Alloc::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
1462        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(size_t __n) \
1463          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
1464        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, size_t __n) \
1465          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
1466      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
1467#undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
1468
1469	protected:
1470      _Rope_base&
1471      operator=(const _Rope_base&);
1472      
1473      _Rope_base(const _Rope_base&);
1474    };
1475
1476  /**
1477   *  This is an SGI extension.
1478   *  @ingroup SGIextensions
1479   *  @doctodo
1480   */
1481  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1482    class rope : public _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1483    {
1484    public:
1485      typedef _CharT value_type;
1486      typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
1487      typedef size_t size_type;
1488      typedef _CharT const_reference;
1489      typedef const _CharT* const_pointer;
1490      typedef _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> iterator;
1491      typedef _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> const_iterator;
1492      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> reference;
1493      typedef _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> pointer;
1494
1495      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1496      friend class _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1497      friend struct _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1498      friend class _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1499      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1500      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1501      friend struct _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1502
1503    protected:
1504      typedef _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc> _Base;
1505      typedef typename _Base::allocator_type allocator_type;
1506      using _Base::_M_tree_ptr;
1507      using _Base::get_allocator;
1508      typedef __GC_CONST _CharT* _Cstrptr;
1509      
1510      static _CharT _S_empty_c_str[1];
1511      
1512      static bool
1513      _S_is0(_CharT __c)
1514      { return __c == _S_eos((_CharT*)0); }
1515      
1516      enum { _S_copy_max = 23 };
1517                // For strings shorter than _S_copy_max, we copy to
1518                // concatenate.
1519
1520      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1521      typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeConcatenation;
1522      typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeLeaf;
1523      typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeFunction;
1524      typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeSubstring;
1525
1526      // Retrieve a character at the indicated position.
1527      static _CharT _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
1528
1529#ifndef __GC
1530      // Obtain a pointer to the character at the indicated position.
1531      // The pointer can be used to change the character.
1532      // If such a pointer cannot be produced, as is frequently the
1533      // case, 0 is returned instead.
1534      // (Returns nonzero only if all nodes in the path have a refcount
1535      // of 1.)
1536      static _CharT* _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
1537#endif
1538
1539      static bool
1540      _S_apply_to_pieces(// should be template parameter
1541			 _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
1542			 const _RopeRep* __r,
1543			 size_t __begin, size_t __end);
1544                         // begin and end are assumed to be in range.
1545
1546#ifndef __GC
1547      static void
1548      _S_unref(_RopeRep* __t)
1549      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(__t); }
1550
1551      static void
1552      _S_ref(_RopeRep* __t)
1553      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(__t); }
1554
1555#else /* __GC */
1556      static void _S_unref(_RopeRep*) { }
1557      static void _S_ref(_RopeRep*) { }
1558#endif
1559
1560#ifdef __GC
1561      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
1562#else
1563      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
1564#endif
1565
1566      // _Result is counted in refcount.
1567      static _RopeRep* _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base,
1568                                    size_t __start, size_t __endp1);
1569
1570      static _RopeRep* _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
1571					   const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
1572      // Concatenate rope and char ptr, copying __s.
1573      // Should really take an arbitrary iterator.
1574      // Result is counted in refcount.
1575      static _RopeRep* _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
1576						 const _CharT* __iter,
1577						 size_t __slen)
1578	// As above, but one reference to __r is about to be
1579	// destroyed.  Thus the pieces may be recycled if all
1580	// relevant reference counts are 1.
1581#ifdef __GC
1582	// We can't really do anything since refcounts are unavailable.
1583      { return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __slen); }
1584#else
1585      ;
1586#endif
1587
1588      static _RopeRep* _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
1589      // General concatenation on _RopeRep.  _Result
1590      // has refcount of 1.  Adjusts argument refcounts.
1591
1592   public:
1593      void
1594      apply_to_pieces(size_t __begin, size_t __end,
1595		      _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c) const
1596      { _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __begin, __end); }
1597
1598   protected:
1599
1600      static size_t
1601      _S_rounded_up_size(size_t __n)
1602      { return _RopeLeaf::_S_rounded_up_size(__n); }
1603
1604      static size_t
1605      _S_allocated_capacity(size_t __n)
1606      {
1607	if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
1608	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n) - 1;
1609	else
1610	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n);
1611	
1612      }
1613
1614      // Allocate and construct a RopeLeaf using the supplied allocator
1615      // Takes ownership of s instead of copying.
1616      static _RopeLeaf*
1617      _S_new_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT *__s,
1618		      size_t __size, allocator_type __a)
1619      {
1620	_RopeLeaf* __space = typename _Base::_LAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1621	return new(__space) _RopeLeaf(__s, __size, __a);
1622      }
1623
1624      static _RopeConcatenation*
1625      _S_new_RopeConcatenation(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right,
1626			       allocator_type __a)
1627      {
1628	_RopeConcatenation* __space = typename _Base::_CAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1629	return new(__space) _RopeConcatenation(__left, __right, __a);
1630      }
1631
1632      static _RopeFunction*
1633      _S_new_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f,
1634			  size_t __size, bool __d, allocator_type __a)
1635      {
1636	_RopeFunction* __space = typename _Base::_FAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1637	return new(__space) _RopeFunction(__f, __size, __d, __a);
1638      }
1639
1640      static _RopeSubstring*
1641      _S_new_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* __b, size_t __s,
1642			   size_t __l, allocator_type __a)
1643      {
1644	_RopeSubstring* __space = typename _Base::_SAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1645	return new(__space) _RopeSubstring(__b, __s, __l, __a);
1646      }
1647      
1648      static _RopeLeaf*
1649      _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(const _CharT *__s,
1650					size_t __size, allocator_type __a)
1651#define __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __size, __a) \
1652                _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(__s, __size, __a)
1653      {
1654	if (0 == __size)
1655	  return 0;
1656	_CharT* __buf = __a.allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__size));
1657	
1658	__uninitialized_copy_n_a(__s, __size, __buf, __a);
1659	_S_cond_store_eos(__buf[__size]);
1660	try
1661	  { return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, __size, __a); }
1662	catch(...)
1663	  {
1664	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, __size, __a);
1665	    __throw_exception_again;
1666	  }
1667      }
1668
1669      // Concatenation of nonempty strings.
1670      // Always builds a concatenation node.
1671      // Rebalances if the result is too deep.
1672      // Result has refcount 1.
1673      // Does not increment left and right ref counts even though
1674      // they are referenced.
1675      static _RopeRep*
1676      _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
1677
1678      // Concatenation helper functions
1679      static _RopeLeaf*
1680      _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
1681			       const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
1682      // Concatenate by copying leaf.
1683      // should take an arbitrary iterator
1684      // result has refcount 1.
1685#ifndef __GC
1686      static _RopeLeaf*
1687      _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
1688				     const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
1689      // A version that potentially clobbers __r if __r->_M_ref_count == 1.
1690#endif
1691
1692    private:
1693      
1694      static size_t _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s);
1695      // slightly generalized strlen
1696
1697      rope(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1698      : _Base(__t, __a) { }
1699
1700
1701      // Copy __r to the _CharT buffer.
1702      // Returns __buffer + __r->_M_size.
1703      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
1704      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer);
1705
1706      // Again, with explicit starting position and length.
1707      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
1708      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r,
1709				size_t __start, size_t __len,
1710				_CharT* __buffer);
1711
1712      static const unsigned long
1713      _S_min_len[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth + 1];
1714      
1715      static bool
1716      _S_is_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1717      { return (__r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth]); }
1718
1719      static bool
1720      _S_is_almost_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1721      { return (__r->_M_depth == 0
1722		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 1]); }
1723
1724      static bool
1725      _S_is_roughly_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1726      { return (__r->_M_depth <= 1
1727		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 2]); }
1728
1729      // Assumes the result is not empty.
1730      static _RopeRep*
1731      _S_concat_and_set_balanced(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
1732      {
1733	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
1734	if (_S_is_balanced(__result))
1735	  __result->_M_is_balanced = true;
1736	return __result;
1737      }
1738
1739      // The basic rebalancing operation.  Logically copies the
1740      // rope.  The result has refcount of 1.  The client will
1741      // usually decrement the reference count of __r.
1742      // The result is within height 2 of balanced by the above
1743      // definition.
1744      static _RopeRep* _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r);
1745
1746      // Add all unbalanced subtrees to the forest of balanceed trees.
1747      // Used only by balance.
1748      static void _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep*__r, _RopeRep** __forest);
1749
1750      // Add __r to forest, assuming __r is already balanced.
1751      static void _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest);
1752      
1753      // Print to stdout, exposing structure
1754      static void _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent = 0);
1755      
1756      // Return -1, 0, or 1 if __x < __y, __x == __y, or __x > __y resp.
1757      static int _S_compare(const _RopeRep* __x, const _RopeRep* __y);
1758      
1759    public:
1760      bool
1761      empty() const
1762      { return 0 == this->_M_tree_ptr; }
1763      
1764      // Comparison member function.  This is public only for those
1765      // clients that need a ternary comparison.  Others
1766      // should use the comparison operators below.
1767      int
1768      compare(const rope& __y) const
1769      { return _S_compare(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr); }
1770
1771      rope(const _CharT* __s, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1772      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, _S_char_ptr_len(__s),
1773					       __a), __a)
1774      { }
1775
1776      rope(const _CharT* __s, size_t __len,
1777	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1778      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __len, __a), __a)
1779      { }
1780
1781      // Should perhaps be templatized with respect to the iterator type
1782      // and use Sequence_buffer.  (It should perhaps use sequence_buffer
1783      // even now.)
1784      rope(const _CharT *__s, const _CharT *__e,
1785	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1786      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __e - __s, __a), __a)
1787      { }
1788
1789      rope(const const_iterator& __s, const const_iterator& __e,
1790	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1791      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
1792			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
1793      { }
1794
1795      rope(const iterator& __s, const iterator& __e,
1796	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1797      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
1798			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
1799      { }
1800
1801      rope(_CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1802      : _Base(__a)
1803      {
1804	_CharT* __buf = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(1));
1805	
1806	get_allocator().construct(__buf, __c);
1807	try
1808	  { this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, 1, __a); }
1809	catch(...)
1810	  {
1811	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, 1, __a);
1812	    __throw_exception_again;
1813	  }
1814      }
1815
1816      rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c,
1817	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type());
1818
1819      rope(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1820      : _Base(0, __a) { }
1821
1822      // Construct a rope from a function that can compute its members
1823      rope(char_producer<_CharT> *__fn, size_t __len, bool __delete_fn,
1824	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1825      : _Base(__a)
1826      {
1827	this->_M_tree_ptr = (0 == __len) ?
1828	  0 : _S_new_RopeFunction(__fn, __len, __delete_fn, __a);
1829      }
1830
1831      rope(const rope& __x, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1832      : _Base(__x._M_tree_ptr, __a)
1833      { _S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
1834
1835      ~rope() throw()
1836      { _S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
1837
1838      rope&
1839      operator=(const rope& __x)
1840      {
1841	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1842	this->_M_tree_ptr = __x._M_tree_ptr;
1843	_S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1844	_S_unref(__old);
1845	return *this;
1846      }
1847
1848      void
1849      clear()
1850      {
1851	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1852	this->_M_tree_ptr = 0;
1853      }
1854      
1855      void
1856      push_back(_CharT __x)
1857      {
1858	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1859	this->_M_tree_ptr
1860	  = _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__x, 1);
1861	_S_unref(__old);
1862      }
1863
1864      void
1865      pop_back()
1866      {
1867	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1868	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
1869					 0, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1);
1870	_S_unref(__old);
1871      }
1872
1873      _CharT
1874      back() const
1875      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1); }
1876
1877      void
1878      push_front(_CharT __x)
1879      {
1880	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1881	_RopeRep* __left =
1882	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(&__x, 1, this->get_allocator());
1883	try
1884	  {
1885	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_concat(__left, this->_M_tree_ptr);
1886	    _S_unref(__old);
1887	    _S_unref(__left);
1888	  }
1889	catch(...)
1890	  {
1891	    _S_unref(__left);
1892	    __throw_exception_again;
1893	  }
1894      }
1895
1896      void
1897      pop_front()
1898      {
1899	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1900	this->_M_tree_ptr
1901	  = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 1, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size);
1902	_S_unref(__old);
1903      }
1904
1905      _CharT
1906      front() const
1907      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0); }
1908
1909      void
1910      balance()
1911      {
1912	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1913	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_balance(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1914	_S_unref(__old);
1915      }
1916      
1917      void
1918      copy(_CharT* __buffer) const
1919      {
1920	_Destroy(__buffer, __buffer + size(), get_allocator());
1921	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __buffer);
1922      }
1923
1924      // This is the copy function from the standard, but
1925      // with the arguments reordered to make it consistent with the
1926      // rest of the interface.
1927      // Note that this guaranteed not to compile if the draft standard
1928      // order is assumed.
1929      size_type
1930      copy(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT* __buffer) const
1931      {
1932	size_t __size = size();
1933	size_t __len = (__pos + __n > __size? __size - __pos : __n);
1934	
1935	_Destroy(__buffer, __buffer + __len, get_allocator());
1936	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos, __len, __buffer);
1937	return __len;
1938      }
1939
1940      // Print to stdout, exposing structure.  May be useful for
1941      // performance debugging.
1942      void
1943      dump()
1944      { _S_dump(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
1945      
1946      // Convert to 0 terminated string in new allocated memory.
1947      // Embedded 0s in the input do not terminate the copy.
1948      const _CharT* c_str() const;
1949
1950      // As above, but lso use the flattened representation as the
1951      // the new rope representation.
1952      const _CharT* replace_with_c_str();
1953      
1954      // Reclaim memory for the c_str generated flattened string.
1955      // Intentionally undocumented, since it's hard to say when this
1956      // is safe for multiple threads.
1957      void
1958      delete_c_str ()
1959      {
1960	if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
1961	  return;
1962	if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag &&
1963	    ((_RopeLeaf*)this->_M_tree_ptr)->_M_data ==
1964	    this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string)
1965	  {
1966	    // Representation shared
1967	    return;
1968	  }
1969#ifndef __GC
1970	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_free_c_string();
1971#endif
1972	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = 0;
1973      }
1974
1975      _CharT
1976      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
1977      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos); }
1978
1979      _CharT
1980      at(size_type __pos) const
1981      {
1982	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
1983	return (*this)[__pos];
1984      }
1985
1986      const_iterator
1987      begin() const
1988      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
1989
1990      // An easy way to get a const iterator from a non-const container.
1991      const_iterator
1992      const_begin() const
1993      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
1994
1995      const_iterator
1996      end() const
1997      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
1998
1999      const_iterator
2000      const_end() const
2001      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
2002
2003      size_type
2004      size() const
2005      {	return(0 == this->_M_tree_ptr? 0 : this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size); }
2006      
2007      size_type
2008      length() const
2009      {	return size(); }
2010
2011      size_type
2012      max_size() const
2013      {
2014	return _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) - 1] - 1;
2015	//  Guarantees that the result can be sufficirntly
2016	//  balanced.  Longer ropes will probably still work,
2017	//  but it's harder to make guarantees.
2018      }
2019
2020      typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
2021
2022      const_reverse_iterator
2023      rbegin() const
2024      { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
2025
2026      const_reverse_iterator
2027      const_rbegin() const
2028      {	return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
2029
2030      const_reverse_iterator
2031      rend() const
2032      { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
2033      
2034      const_reverse_iterator
2035      const_rend() const
2036      {	return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
2037
2038      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2039        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2040        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left,
2041		  const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __right);
2042
2043      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2044        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2045        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, const _CharT2* __right);
2046
2047      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2048        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2049        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, _CharT2 __right);
2050
2051      // The symmetric cases are intentionally omitted, since they're
2052      // presumed to be less common, and we don't handle them as well.
2053
2054      // The following should really be templatized.  The first
2055      // argument should be an input iterator or forward iterator with
2056      // value_type _CharT.
2057      rope&
2058      append(const _CharT* __iter, size_t __n)
2059      {
2060	_RopeRep* __result =
2061	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __iter, __n);
2062	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2063	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2064	return *this;
2065      }
2066
2067      rope&
2068      append(const _CharT* __c_string)
2069      {
2070	size_t __len = _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string);
2071	append(__c_string, __len);
2072	return(*this);
2073      }
2074
2075      rope&
2076      append(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e)
2077      {
2078	_RopeRep* __result =
2079	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __s, __e - __s);
2080	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2081	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2082	return *this;
2083      }
2084
2085      rope&
2086      append(const_iterator __s, const_iterator __e)
2087      {
2088	_Self_destruct_ptr __appendee(_S_substring(__s._M_root,
2089						   __s._M_current_pos,
2090						   __e._M_current_pos));
2091	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, 
2092				       (_RopeRep*)__appendee);
2093	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2094	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2095	return *this;
2096      }
2097
2098      rope&
2099      append(_CharT __c)
2100      {
2101	_RopeRep* __result =
2102	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__c, 1);
2103	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2104	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2105	return *this;
2106      }
2107
2108      rope&
2109      append()
2110      { return append(_CharT()); }  // XXX why?
2111
2112      rope&
2113      append(const rope& __y)
2114      {
2115	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr);
2116	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2117	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2118	return *this;
2119      }
2120
2121      rope&
2122      append(size_t __n, _CharT __c)
2123      {
2124	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __last(__n, __c);
2125	return append(__last);
2126      }
2127
2128      void
2129      swap(rope& __b)
2130      {
2131	_RopeRep* __tmp = this->_M_tree_ptr;
2132	this->_M_tree_ptr = __b._M_tree_ptr;
2133	__b._M_tree_ptr = __tmp;
2134      }
2135
2136    protected:
2137      // Result is included in refcount.
2138      static _RopeRep*
2139      replace(_RopeRep* __old, size_t __pos1,
2140	      size_t __pos2, _RopeRep* __r)
2141      {
2142	if (0 == __old)
2143	  {
2144	    _S_ref(__r);
2145	    return __r;
2146	  }
2147	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(__old, 0, __pos1));
2148	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(__old, __pos2, __old->_M_size));
2149	_RopeRep* __result;
2150
2151	if (0 == __r)
2152	  __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
2153	else
2154	  {
2155	    _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat(__left, __r));
2156	    __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
2157	  }
2158	return __result;
2159      }
2160
2161    public:
2162      void
2163      insert(size_t __p, const rope& __r)
2164      {
2165	_RopeRep* __result =
2166	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p, __r._M_tree_ptr);
2167	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2168	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2169      }
2170
2171      void
2172      insert(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
2173      {
2174	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __r(__n,__c);
2175	insert(__p, __r);
2176      }
2177      
2178      void
2179      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
2180      {
2181	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0, __p));
2182	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2183						__p, size()));
2184	_Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat_char_iter(__left, __i, __n));
2185	// _S_ destr_concat_char_iter should be safe here.
2186	// But as it stands it's probably not a win, since __left
2187	// is likely to have additional references.
2188	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
2189	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2190	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2191      }
2192
2193      void
2194      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2195      {	insert(__p, __c_string, _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string)); }
2196
2197      void
2198      insert(size_t __p, _CharT __c)
2199      { insert(__p, &__c, 1); }
2200
2201      void
2202      insert(size_t __p)
2203      {
2204	_CharT __c = _CharT();
2205	insert(__p, &__c, 1);
2206      }
2207
2208      void
2209      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2210      {
2211	rope __r(__i, __j);
2212	insert(__p, __r);
2213      }
2214
2215      void
2216      insert(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
2217	     const const_iterator& __j)
2218      {
2219	rope __r(__i, __j);
2220	insert(__p, __r);
2221      }
2222
2223      void
2224      insert(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
2225	     const iterator& __j)
2226      {
2227	rope __r(__i, __j);
2228	insert(__p, __r);
2229      }
2230
2231      // (position, length) versions of replace operations:
2232      
2233      void
2234      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const rope& __r)
2235      {
2236	_RopeRep* __result =
2237	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p + __n, __r._M_tree_ptr);
2238	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2239	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2240      }
2241
2242      void
2243      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
2244	      const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len)
2245      {
2246	rope __r(__i, __i_len);
2247	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2248      }
2249
2250      void
2251      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
2252      {
2253	rope __r(__c);
2254	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2255      }
2256
2257      void
2258      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const _CharT* __c_string)
2259      {
2260	rope __r(__c_string);
2261	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2262      }
2263      
2264      void
2265      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
2266	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2267      {
2268	rope __r(__i, __j);
2269	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2270      }
2271      
2272      void
2273      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
2274	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2275      {
2276	rope __r(__i, __j);
2277	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2278      }
2279
2280      void
2281      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
2282	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2283      {
2284	rope __r(__i, __j);
2285	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2286      }
2287
2288      // Single character variants:
2289      void
2290      replace(size_t __p, _CharT __c)
2291      {
2292	iterator __i(this, __p);
2293	*__i = __c;
2294      }
2295
2296      void
2297      replace(size_t __p, const rope& __r)
2298      { replace(__p, 1, __r); }
2299
2300      void
2301      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len)
2302      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __i_len); }
2303
2304      void
2305      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2306      {	replace(__p, 1, __c_string); }
2307
2308      void
2309      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2310      {	replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2311
2312      void
2313      replace(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
2314	      const const_iterator& __j)
2315      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2316
2317      void
2318      replace(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
2319	      const iterator& __j)
2320      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2321
2322      // Erase, (position, size) variant.
2323      void
2324      erase(size_t __p, size_t __n)
2325      {
2326	_RopeRep* __result = replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p,
2327				     __p + __n, 0);
2328	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2329	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2330      }
2331
2332      // Erase, single character
2333      void
2334      erase(size_t __p)
2335      { erase(__p, __p + 1); }
2336
2337      // Insert, iterator variants.
2338      iterator
2339      insert(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
2340      {
2341	insert(__p.index(), __r);
2342	return __p;
2343      }
2344
2345      iterator
2346      insert(const iterator& __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
2347      {
2348	insert(__p.index(), __n, __c);
2349	return __p;
2350      }
2351
2352      iterator insert(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
2353      {
2354	insert(__p.index(), __c);
2355	return __p;
2356      }
2357      
2358      iterator
2359      insert(const iterator& __p )
2360      {
2361	insert(__p.index());
2362	return __p;
2363      }
2364      
2365      iterator
2366      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* c_string)
2367      {
2368	insert(__p.index(), c_string);
2369	return __p;
2370      }
2371      
2372      iterator
2373      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
2374      {
2375	insert(__p.index(), __i, __n);
2376	return __p;
2377      }
2378      
2379      iterator
2380      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i,
2381	     const _CharT* __j)
2382      {
2383	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j); 
2384	return __p;
2385      }
2386      
2387      iterator
2388      insert(const iterator& __p,
2389	     const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2390      {
2391	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
2392	return __p;
2393      }
2394      
2395      iterator
2396      insert(const iterator& __p,
2397	     const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2398      {
2399	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
2400	return __p;
2401      }
2402
2403      // Replace, range variants.
2404      void
2405      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, const rope& __r)
2406      {	replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __r); }
2407
2408      void
2409      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, _CharT __c)
2410      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c); }
2411      
2412      void
2413      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2414	      const _CharT* __c_string)
2415      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c_string); }
2416      
2417      void
2418      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2419	      const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
2420      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __n); }
2421      
2422      void
2423      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2424	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2425      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2426      
2427      void
2428      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2429	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2430      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2431      
2432      void
2433      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2434	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2435      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2436
2437      // Replace, iterator variants.
2438      void
2439      replace(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
2440      { replace(__p.index(), __r); }
2441      
2442      void
2443      replace(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
2444      { replace(__p.index(), __c); }
2445      
2446      void
2447      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2448      { replace(__p.index(), __c_string); }
2449      
2450      void
2451      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
2452      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __n); }
2453      
2454      void
2455      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2456      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2457      
2458      void
2459      replace(const iterator& __p, const_iterator __i, const_iterator __j)
2460      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2461      
2462      void
2463      replace(const iterator& __p, iterator __i, iterator __j)
2464      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2465
2466      // Iterator and range variants of erase
2467      iterator
2468      erase(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q)
2469      {
2470	size_t __p_index = __p.index();
2471	erase(__p_index, __q.index() - __p_index);
2472	return iterator(this, __p_index);
2473      }
2474
2475      iterator
2476      erase(const iterator& __p)
2477      {
2478	size_t __p_index = __p.index();
2479	erase(__p_index, 1);
2480	return iterator(this, __p_index);
2481      }
2482
2483      rope
2484      substr(size_t __start, size_t __len = 1) const
2485      {
2486	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2487						 __start,
2488						 __start + __len));
2489      }
2490
2491      rope
2492      substr(iterator __start, iterator __end) const
2493      {
2494	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2495						 __start.index(),
2496						 __end.index()));
2497      }
2498
2499      rope
2500      substr(iterator __start) const
2501      {
2502	size_t __pos = __start.index();
2503	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2504						 __pos, __pos + 1));
2505      }
2506
2507      rope
2508      substr(const_iterator __start, const_iterator __end) const
2509      {
2510	// This might eventually take advantage of the cache in the
2511	// iterator.
2512	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2513						 __start.index(),
2514						 __end.index()));
2515      }
2516
2517      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2518      substr(const_iterator __start)
2519      {
2520	size_t __pos = __start.index();
2521	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2522						 __pos, __pos + 1));
2523      }
2524
2525      static const size_type npos;
2526
2527      size_type find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
2528
2529      size_type
2530      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2531      {
2532	size_type __result_pos;
2533	const_iterator __result =
2534	  std::search(const_begin() + __pos, const_end(),
2535		      __s, __s + _S_char_ptr_len(__s));
2536	__result_pos = __result.index();
2537#ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
2538	if (__result_pos == size())
2539	  __result_pos = npos;
2540#endif
2541	return __result_pos;
2542      }
2543
2544      iterator
2545      mutable_begin()
2546      { return(iterator(this, 0)); }
2547      
2548      iterator
2549      mutable_end()
2550      { return(iterator(this, size())); }
2551
2552      typedef reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
2553      
2554      reverse_iterator
2555      mutable_rbegin()
2556      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_end()); }
2557
2558      reverse_iterator
2559      mutable_rend()
2560      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_begin()); }
2561
2562      reference
2563      mutable_reference_at(size_type __pos)
2564      { return reference(this, __pos); }
2565
2566#ifdef __STD_STUFF
2567      reference
2568      operator[] (size_type __pos)
2569      { return _char_ref_proxy(this, __pos); }
2570
2571      reference
2572      at(size_type __pos)
2573      {
2574	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
2575	return (*this)[__pos];
2576      }
2577      
2578      void resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c) { }
2579      void resize(size_type __n) { }
2580      void reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0) { }
2581      
2582      size_type
2583      capacity() const
2584      { return max_size(); }
2585
2586      // Stuff below this line is dangerous because it's error prone.
2587      // I would really like to get rid of it.
2588      // copy function with funny arg ordering.
2589      size_type
2590      copy(_CharT* __buffer, size_type __n,
2591	   size_type __pos = 0) const
2592      { return copy(__pos, __n, __buffer); }
2593
2594      iterator
2595      end()
2596      { return mutable_end(); }
2597
2598      iterator
2599      begin()
2600      { return mutable_begin(); }
2601
2602      reverse_iterator
2603      rend()
2604      { return mutable_rend(); }
2605      
2606      reverse_iterator
2607      rbegin()
2608      { return mutable_rbegin(); }
2609
2610#else
2611      const_iterator
2612      end()
2613      { return const_end(); }
2614
2615      const_iterator
2616      begin()
2617      { return const_begin(); }
2618
2619      const_reverse_iterator
2620      rend()
2621      { return const_rend(); }
2622
2623      const_reverse_iterator
2624      rbegin()
2625      { return const_rbegin(); }
2626
2627#endif
2628    };
2629
2630  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2631    const typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::size_type
2632    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::npos = (size_type)(-1);
2633  
2634  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2635    inline bool operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2636			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2637    { return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
2638	      && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
2639
2640  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2641    inline bool operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2642			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2643    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
2644
2645  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2646    inline bool operator!=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2647			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2648    { return !(__x == __y); }
2649
2650  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2651    inline bool operator>(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2652			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2653    { return __y < __x; }
2654
2655  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2656    inline bool
2657    operator<=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2658	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2659    { return !(__y < __x); }
2660
2661  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2662    inline bool
2663    operator>=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2664	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2665    { return !(__x < __y); }
2666
2667  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2668    inline ptrdiff_t
2669    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2670	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2671    { return (ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos - (ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos; }
2672
2673  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2674    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2675    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
2676    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2677						  __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
2678
2679  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2680    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2681    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
2682    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2683						  __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2684
2685  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2686    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2687    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
2688  { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2689						__x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2690
2691  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2692    inline bool
2693    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2694	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2695    {return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
2696	     && __x._M_root_rope == __y._M_root_rope); }
2697  
2698  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2699    inline bool
2700    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2701	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2702    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
2703
2704  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2705    inline bool
2706    operator!=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2707	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2708    { return !(__x == __y); }
2709
2710  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2711    inline bool
2712    operator>(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2713	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2714    { return __y < __x; }
2715
2716  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2717    inline bool
2718    operator<=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2719	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2720    { return !(__y < __x); }
2721
2722  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2723    inline bool
2724    operator>=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2725	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2726    { return !(__x < __y); }
2727
2728  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2729    inline ptrdiff_t
2730    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2731	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2732    { return ((ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos
2733	      - (ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos); }
2734
2735  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2736    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2737    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2738	      ptrdiff_t __n)
2739    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2740					    __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
2741
2742  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2743    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2744    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
2745    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2746					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2747
2748  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2749    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2750    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
2751    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2752					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2753
2754  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2755    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2756    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2757	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2758    {
2759      // Inlining this should make it possible to keep __left and
2760      // __right in registers.
2761      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2762      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat(__left._M_tree_ptr, 
2763					    __right._M_tree_ptr));
2764    }
2765
2766  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2767    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2768    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2769	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2770    {
2771      __left.append(__right);
2772      return __left;
2773    }
2774
2775  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2776    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2777    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2778	      const _CharT* __right)
2779    {
2780      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2781      size_t __rlen = rope_type::_S_char_ptr_len(__right);
2782      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
2783						      __right, __rlen));
2784    }
2785
2786  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2787    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2788    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2789	       const _CharT* __right)
2790    {
2791      __left.append(__right);
2792      return __left;
2793    }
2794
2795  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2796    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2797    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
2798    {
2799      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2800      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
2801						      &__right, 1));
2802    }
2803
2804  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2805    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2806    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
2807    {
2808      __left.append(__right);
2809      return __left;
2810    }
2811  
2812  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2813    bool
2814    operator<(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2815	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2816    { return __left.compare(__right) < 0; }
2817
2818  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2819    bool
2820    operator==(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2821	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2822    { return __left.compare(__right) == 0; }
2823
2824  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2825    inline bool
2826    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2827	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2828    { return (__x._M_pos == __y._M_pos && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
2829
2830  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2831    inline bool
2832    operator!=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2833	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2834    { return !(__x == __y); }
2835
2836  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2837    inline bool
2838    operator>(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2839	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2840    { return __y < __x; }
2841
2842  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2843    inline bool
2844    operator<=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2845	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2846    { return !(__y < __x); }
2847
2848  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2849    inline bool
2850    operator>=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2851	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2852    { return !(__x < __y); }
2853
2854  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2855    inline bool
2856    operator!=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2857	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2858    { return !(__x == __y); }
2859
2860  template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
2861    std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2862    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
2863	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r);
2864
2865  typedef rope<char> crope;
2866  typedef rope<wchar_t> wrope;
2867
2868  inline crope::reference
2869  __mutable_reference_at(crope& __c, size_t __i)
2870  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
2871
2872  inline wrope::reference
2873  __mutable_reference_at(wrope& __c, size_t __i)
2874  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
2875
2876  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2877    inline void
2878    swap(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2879    { __x.swap(__y); }
2880
2881  // Hash functions should probably be revisited later:
2882  template<>
2883    struct hash<crope>
2884    {
2885      size_t
2886      operator()(const crope& __str) const
2887      {
2888	size_t __size = __str.size();
2889	if (0 == __size)
2890	  return 0;
2891	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
2892      }
2893    };
2894
2895
2896  template<>
2897    struct hash<wrope>
2898    {
2899      size_t
2900      operator()(const wrope& __str) const
2901      {
2902	size_t __size = __str.size();
2903	if (0 == __size)
2904	  return 0;
2905	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
2906      }
2907    };
2908
2909_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE
2910
2911# include <ext/ropeimpl.h>
2912
2913#endif
2914