1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/vhosts/ip-based.html" title="English"> en </a> | 25<a href="/fr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 26<a href="/ja/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 27<a href="/ko/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 28<a href="/tr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 29</div> 30</div> 31<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#explanation">What is IP-based virtual hosting</a></li> 32<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#requirements">System requirements</a></li> 33<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#howto">How to set up Apache</a></li> 34<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></li> 35<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#single">Setting up a single daemon 36 with virtual hosts</a></li> 37</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li> 38<a href="name-based.html">Name-based Virtual Hosts Support</a> 39</li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 40<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 41<div class="section"> 42<h2><a name="explanation" id="explanation">What is IP-based virtual hosting</a></h2> 43<p>IP-based virtual hosting is a method to apply different directives 44based on the IP address and port a request is received on. Most commonly, 45this is used to serve different websites on different ports or interfaces.</p> 46 47<p>In many cases, <a href="name-based.html">name-based 48virtual hosts</a> are more convenient, because they allow 49many virtual hosts to share a single address/port. 50See <a href="name-based.html#namevip">Name-based vs. IP-based 51Virtual Hosts</a> to help you decide. </p> 52</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 53<div class="section"> 54<h2><a name="requirements" id="requirements">System requirements</a></h2> 55 56 <p>As the term <cite>IP-based</cite> indicates, the server 57 <strong>must have a different IP address/port combination for each IP-based 58 virtual host</strong>. This can be achieved by the machine 59 having several physical network connections, or by use of 60 virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern operating 61 systems (see system documentation for details, these are 62 frequently called "ip aliases", and the "ifconfig" command is 63 most commonly used to set them up), and/or using multiple 64 port numbers.</p> 65 66 <p> In the terminology of Apache HTTP Server, using a single IP address 67 but multiple TCP ports, is also IP-based virtual hosting.</p> 68 69</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 70<div class="section"> 71<h2><a name="howto" id="howto">How to set up Apache</a></h2> 72 73 <p>There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple 74 hosts. Either by running a separate <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon for 75 each hostname, or by running a single daemon which supports all the 76 virtual hosts.</p> 77 78 <p>Use multiple daemons when:</p> 79 80 <ul> 81 <li>There are security partitioning issues, such as company1 82 does not want anyone at company2 to be able to read their 83 data except via the web. In this case you would need two 84 daemons, each running with different <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code> settings.</li> 85 86 <li>You can afford the memory and file descriptor 87 requirements of listening to every IP alias on the 88 machine. It's only possible to <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> to the "wildcard" 89 address, or to specific addresses. So if you have a need to 90 listen to a specific address for whatever reason, then you 91 will need to listen to all specific addresses. (Although one 92 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> could listen to N-1 of the addresses, and another could 93 listen to the remaining address.)</li> 94 </ul> 95 96 <p>Use a single daemon when:</p> 97 98 <ul> 99 <li>Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts 100 is acceptable.</li> 101 102 <li>The machine services a large number of requests, and so 103 the performance loss in running separate daemons may be 104 significant.</li> 105 </ul> 106 107</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 108<div class="section"> 109<h2><a name="multiple" id="multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></h2> 110 111 <p>Create a separate <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> installation for each 112 virtual host. For each installation, use the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive in the 113 configuration file to select which IP address (or virtual host) 114 that daemon services. e.g.</p> 115 116 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.100:80</pre> 117 118 119 <p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a 120 hostname (see <a href="/dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p> 121 122</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 123<div class="section"> 124<h2><a name="single" id="single">Setting up a single daemon 125 with virtual hosts</a></h2> 126 127 <p>For this case, a single <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will service 128 requests for the main server and all the virtual hosts. The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code> directive 129 in the configuration file is used to set the values of <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> 130 or <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> 131 configuration directives to different values for each virtual 132 host. e.g.</p> 133 134 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80> 135 ServerAdmin webmaster@www1.example.com 136 DocumentRoot /www/vhosts/www1 137 ServerName www1.example.com 138 ErrorLog /www/logs/www1/error_log 139 CustomLog /www/logs/www1/access_log combined 140</VirtualHost> 141 142<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50:80> 143 ServerAdmin webmaster@www2.example.org 144 DocumentRoot /www/vhosts/www2 145 ServerName www2.example.org 146 ErrorLog /www/logs/www2/error_log 147 CustomLog /www/logs/www2/access_log combined 148</VirtualHost></pre> 149 150 151 <p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a 152 hostname in the <VirtualHost> directive 153 (see <a href="/dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p> 154 155 <p> Specific IP addresses or ports have precedence over their wildcard 156 equivalents, and any virtual host that matches has precedence over 157 the servers base configuration.</p> 158 159 <p>Almost <strong>any</strong> configuration directive can be 160 put in the VirtualHost directive, with the exception of 161 directives that control process creation and a few other 162 directives. To find out if a directive can be used in the 163 VirtualHost directive, check the <a href="/mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> using the 164 <a href="/mod/directives.html">directive index</a>.</p> 165 166 <p><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code> 167 may be used inside a 168 VirtualHost directive if the <a href="/suexec.html">suEXEC 169 wrapper</a> is used.</p> 170 171 <p><em>SECURITY:</em> When specifying where to write log files, 172 be aware of some security risks which are present if anyone 173 other than the user that starts Apache has write access to the 174 directory where they are written. See the <a href="/misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document 175 for details.</p> 176 177</div></div> 178<div class="bottomlang"> 179<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/vhosts/ip-based.html" title="English"> en </a> | 180<a href="/fr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 181<a href="/ja/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 182<a href="/ko/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 183<a href="/tr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 184</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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