1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a> | 25<a href="/fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a></p> 26</div> 27 28 <p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by 29 Apache.</p> 30 </div> 31<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li> 32<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li> 33</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 34<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 35<div class="section"> 36<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2> 37 38 <p>There are five formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication 39 passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p> 40 41 <dl> 42 <dt>bcrypt</dt> 43 <dd>"$2y$" + the result of the crypt_blowfish algorithm. 44 See the APR source file 45 <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/crypt_blowfish.c?view=markup">crypt_blowfish.c</a> 46 for the details of the algorithm.</dd> 47 48 <dt>MD5</dt> 49 <dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an 50 iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a 51 random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file 52 <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a> 53 for the details of the algorithm.</dd> 54 55 <dt>SHA1</dt> 56 <dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password. Insecure.</dd> 57 58 <dt>CRYPT</dt> 59 <dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function 60 with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8 61 characters of the password. Insecure.</dd> 62 63 <dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt> 64 <dd>Windows & Netware only. Insecure.</dd> 65 </dl> 66 67 <h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3> 68 69 <div class="example"><h3>bcrypt</h3><p><code> 70 $ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword<br /> 71 myName:$2y$05$c4WoMPo3SXsafkva.HHa6uXQZWr7oboPiC2bT/r7q1BB8I2s0BRqC 72 </code></p></div> 73 74 <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> 75 $ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br /> 76 myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ 77 </code></p></div> 78 79 <div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code> 80 $ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br /> 81 myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE= 82 </code></p></div> 83 84 <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> 85 $ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br /> 86 myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA 87 </code></p></div> 88 89 90 91 <h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL 92 command-line program</h3> 93 94 95 <p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p> 96 97 <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> 98 $ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br /> 99 $apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0 100 </code></p></div> 101 102 <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> 103 openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br /> 104 qQ5vTYO3c8dsU 105 </code></p></div> 106 107 108 <h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command 109 line program</h3> 110 111 <p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to 112 a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against 113 <code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p> 114 115 <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> 116 $ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br /> 117 Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br /> 118 rqXexS6ZhobKA 119 </code></p></div> 120 121 <p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of 122 <code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the 123 first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p> 124 125 <p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the 126 following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars). 127 To validate <code>myPassword</code> against 128 <code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p> 129 130 <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> 131 $ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br /> 132 $apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ 133 </code></p></div> 134 135 136 <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> 137 <p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD 138 authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly 139 available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords 140 that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p> 141 142 <p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various 143 languages:</p> 144 145 <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> 146 '{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE)) 147 </code></p></div> 148 149 <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> 150 "{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes())) 151 </code></p></div> 152 153 <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> 154 "{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex")) 155 </code></p></div> 156 157 <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> 158 require 'digest/sha1'<br /> 159 require 'base64'<br /> 160 '{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password)) 161 </code></p></div> 162 163 <div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code> 164 Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64 165 </code></p></div> 166 167 <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions 168 installed)</h3><p><code> 169 170 '{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64') 171 </code></p></div> 172 173 174 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 175<div class="section"> 176<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2> 177 <p>Apache recognizes one format for 178 digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string 179 <code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal 180 digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the 181 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in 182 httpd.conf.</p> 183 184 <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> 185 186 <p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can 187 populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache 188 digest authentication.</p> 189 190 <p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various 191 languages:</p> 192 193 <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> 194 md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password) 195 </code></p></div> 196 197 <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> 198 byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br /> 199 java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br /> 200 String s = bi.toString(16);<br /> 201 while (s.length() < 32)<br /> 202 <span class="indent"> 203 s = "0" + s; 204 </span> 205 // String s is the encrypted password 206 </code></p></div> 207 208 <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> 209 LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5")) 210 </code></p></div> 211 212 <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> 213 require 'digest/md5'<br /> 214 Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password) 215 </code></p></div> 216 217 <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code> 218 219 encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex') 220 </code></p></div> 221 222 223 </div></div> 224<div class="bottomlang"> 225<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a> | 226<a href="/fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a></p> 227</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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