1// SGI's rope class implementation -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
4// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5//
6// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
7// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
8// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
9// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
10// any later version.
11
12// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15// GNU General Public License for more details.
16
17// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
18// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
19// Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
20// USA.
21
22// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
23// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
24// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
25// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
26// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
27// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
28// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
29// the GNU General Public License.
30
31/*
32 * Copyright (c) 1997
33 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
34 *
35 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
36 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
37 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
38 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
39 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
40 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
41 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
42 */
43
44/** @file ropeimpl.h
45 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
46 *  You should not attempt to use it directly.
47 */
48
49#include <cstdio>
50#include <ostream>
51#include <bits/functexcept.h>
52
53#include <ext/algorithm> // For copy_n and lexicographical_compare_3way
54#include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
55#include <ext/numeric> // For power
56
57_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(__gnu_cxx)
58
59  using std::size_t;
60  using std::printf;
61  using std::basic_ostream;
62  using std::__throw_length_error;
63  using std::_Destroy;
64  using std::uninitialized_fill_n;
65
66  // Set buf_start, buf_end, and buf_ptr appropriately, filling tmp_buf
67  // if necessary.  Assumes _M_path_end[leaf_index] and leaf_pos are correct.
68  // Results in a valid buf_ptr if the iterator can be legitimately
69  // dereferenced.
70  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
71    void
72    _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
73    _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
74    {
75      const _RopeRep* __leaf = __x._M_path_end[__x._M_leaf_index];
76      size_t __leaf_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
77      size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
78
79      switch(__leaf->_M_tag)
80	{
81	case __detail::_S_leaf:
82	  __x._M_buf_start = ((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_data;
83	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_buf_start + (__pos - __leaf_pos);
84	  __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_buf_start + __leaf->_M_size;
85	  break;
86	case __detail::_S_function:
87	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
88	  {
89	    size_t __len = _S_iterator_buf_len;
90	    size_t __buf_start_pos = __leaf_pos;
91	    size_t __leaf_end = __leaf_pos + __leaf->_M_size;
92	    char_producer<_CharT>* __fn = ((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,
93					    _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_fn;
94	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len <= __pos)
95	      {
96		__buf_start_pos = __pos - __len / 4;
97		if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
98		  __buf_start_pos = __leaf_end - __len;
99	      }
100	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
101	      __len = __leaf_end - __buf_start_pos;
102	    (*__fn)(__buf_start_pos - __leaf_pos, __len, __x._M_tmp_buf);
103	    __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_tmp_buf + (__pos - __buf_start_pos);
104	    __x._M_buf_start = __x._M_tmp_buf;
105	    __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_tmp_buf + __len;
106	  }
107	  break;
108	default:
109	  break;
110	}
111    }
112
113  // Set path and buffer inside a rope iterator.  We assume that
114  // pos and root are already set.
115  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
116    void
117    _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
118    _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
119    {
120      const _RopeRep* __path[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
121      const _RopeRep* __curr_rope;
122      int __curr_depth = -1;  /* index into path    */
123      size_t __curr_start_pos = 0;
124      size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
125      unsigned char __dirns = 0; // Bit vector marking right turns in the path
126
127      if (__pos >= __x._M_root->_M_size)
128	{
129	  __x._M_buf_ptr = 0;
130	  return;
131	}
132      __curr_rope = __x._M_root;
133      if (0 != __curr_rope->_M_c_string)
134	{
135	  /* Treat the root as a leaf. */
136	  __x._M_buf_start = __curr_rope->_M_c_string;
137	  __x._M_buf_end = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __curr_rope->_M_size;
138	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __pos;
139	  __x._M_path_end[0] = __curr_rope;
140	  __x._M_leaf_index = 0;
141	  __x._M_leaf_pos = 0;
142	  return;
143	}
144      for(;;)
145	{
146	  ++__curr_depth;
147	  __path[__curr_depth] = __curr_rope;
148	  switch(__curr_rope->_M_tag)
149	    {
150	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
151	    case __detail::_S_function:
152	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
153	      __x._M_leaf_pos = __curr_start_pos;
154	      goto done;
155	    case __detail::_S_concat:
156	      {
157		_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c =
158		  (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__curr_rope;
159		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
160		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
161
162		__dirns <<= 1;
163		if (__pos >= __curr_start_pos + __left_len)
164		  {
165		    __dirns |= 1;
166		    __curr_rope = __c->_M_right;
167		    __curr_start_pos += __left_len;
168		  }
169		else
170		  __curr_rope = __left;
171	      }
172	      break;
173	    }
174	}
175    done:
176      // Copy last section of path into _M_path_end.
177      {
178	int __i = -1;
179	int __j = __curr_depth + 1 - int(_S_path_cache_len);
180
181	if (__j < 0) __j = 0;
182	while (__j <= __curr_depth)
183	  __x._M_path_end[++__i] = __path[__j++];
184	__x._M_leaf_index = __i;
185      }
186      __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
187      _S_setbuf(__x);
188    }
189
190  // Specialized version of the above.  Assumes that
191  // the path cache is valid for the previous position.
192  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
193    void
194    _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
195    _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
196    {
197      int __current_index = __x._M_leaf_index;
198      const _RopeRep* __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
199      size_t __len = __current_node->_M_size;
200      size_t __node_start_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
201      unsigned char __dirns = __x._M_path_directions;
202      _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c;
203
204      if (__x._M_current_pos - __node_start_pos < __len)
205	{
206	  /* More stuff in this leaf, we just didn't cache it. */
207	  _S_setbuf(__x);
208	  return;
209	}
210      //  node_start_pos is starting position of last_node.
211      while (--__current_index >= 0)
212	{
213	  if (!(__dirns & 1) /* Path turned left */)
214	    break;
215	  __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
216	  __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
217	  // Otherwise we were in the right child.  Thus we should pop
218	  // the concatenation node.
219	  __node_start_pos -= __c->_M_left->_M_size;
220	  __dirns >>= 1;
221	}
222      if (__current_index < 0)
223	{
224	  // We underflowed the cache. Punt.
225	  _S_setcache(__x);
226	  return;
227	}
228      __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
229      __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
230      // current_node is a concatenation node.  We are positioned on the first
231      // character in its right child.
232      // node_start_pos is starting position of current_node.
233      __node_start_pos += __c->_M_left->_M_size;
234      __current_node = __c->_M_right;
235      __x._M_path_end[++__current_index] = __current_node;
236      __dirns |= 1;
237      while (__detail::_S_concat == __current_node->_M_tag)
238	{
239	  ++__current_index;
240	  if (int(_S_path_cache_len) == __current_index)
241	    {
242	      int __i;
243	      for (__i = 0; __i < int(_S_path_cache_len) - 1; __i++)
244		__x._M_path_end[__i] = __x._M_path_end[__i+1];
245	      --__current_index;
246	    }
247	  __current_node =
248	    ((_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node)->_M_left;
249	  __x._M_path_end[__current_index] = __current_node;
250	  __dirns <<= 1;
251	  // node_start_pos is unchanged.
252	}
253      __x._M_leaf_index = __current_index;
254      __x._M_leaf_pos = __node_start_pos;
255      __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
256      _S_setbuf(__x);
257    }
258
259  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
260    void
261    _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
262    _M_incr(size_t __n)
263    {
264      _M_current_pos += __n;
265      if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
266	{
267	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_end - _M_buf_ptr;
268	  if (__chars_left > __n)
269	    _M_buf_ptr += __n;
270	  else if (__chars_left == __n)
271	    {
272	      _M_buf_ptr += __n;
273	      _S_setcache_for_incr(*this);
274	    }
275	  else
276	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
277	}
278    }
279
280  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
281    void
282    _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
283    _M_decr(size_t __n)
284    {
285      if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
286	{
287	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_ptr - _M_buf_start;
288	  if (__chars_left >= __n)
289	    _M_buf_ptr -= __n;
290	  else
291	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
292	}
293      _M_current_pos -= __n;
294    }
295
296  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
297    void
298    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
299    _M_check()
300    {
301      if (_M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr != this->_M_root)
302	{
303	  // _Rope was modified.  Get things fixed up.
304	  _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root);
305	  this->_M_root = _M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr;
306	  _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
307	  this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
308	}
309    }
310
311  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
312    inline
313    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
314    _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
315    : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
316    { }
317
318  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
319    inline
320    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
321    _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos)
322    : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos),
323      _M_root_rope(&__r)
324    { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root); }
325
326  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
327    inline size_t
328    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
329    _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s)
330    {
331      const _CharT* __p = __s;
332
333      while (!_S_is0(*__p))
334	++__p;
335      return (__p - __s);
336    }
337
338
339#ifndef __GC
340
341  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
342    inline void
343    _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
344    _M_free_c_string()
345    {
346      _CharT* __cstr = _M_c_string;
347      if (0 != __cstr)
348	{
349	  size_t __size = this->_M_size + 1;
350	  _Destroy(__cstr, __cstr + __size, get_allocator());
351	  this->_Data_deallocate(__cstr, __size);
352	}
353    }
354
355  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
356    inline void
357    _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
358    _S_free_string(_CharT* __s, size_t __n, allocator_type __a)
359    {
360      if (!_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
361	_Destroy(__s, __s + __n, __a);
362
363      //  This has to be a static member, so this gets a bit messy
364      __a.deallocate(__s,
365		     _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_rounded_up_size(__n));
366    }
367
368  //  There are several reasons for not doing this with virtual destructors
369  //  and a class specific delete operator:
370  //  - A class specific delete operator can't easily get access to
371  //    allocator instances if we need them.
372  //  - Any virtual function would need a 4 or byte vtable pointer;
373  //    this only requires a one byte tag per object.
374  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
375    void
376    _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
377    _M_free_tree()
378    {
379      switch(_M_tag)
380	{
381	case __detail::_S_leaf:
382	  {
383	    _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l
384	      = (_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
385	    __l->_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeLeaf();
386	    _L_deallocate(__l, 1);
387	    break;
388	  }
389	case __detail::_S_concat:
390	  {
391	    _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,_Alloc>* __c
392	      = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
393	    __c->_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>::
394	      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation();
395	    _C_deallocate(__c, 1);
396	    break;
397	  }
398	case __detail::_S_function:
399	  {
400	    _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>* __f
401	      = (_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
402	    __f->_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeFunction();
403	    _F_deallocate(__f, 1);
404	    break;
405	  }
406	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
407	  {
408	    _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>* __ss =
409	      (_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
410	    __ss->_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>::
411	      ~_Rope_RopeSubstring();
412	    _S_deallocate(__ss, 1);
413	    break;
414	  }
415	}
416    }
417#else
418
419  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
420    inline void
421    _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
422    _S_free_string(const _CharT*, size_t, allocator_type)
423    { }
424
425#endif
426
427  // Concatenate a C string onto a leaf rope by copying the rope data.
428  // Used for short ropes.
429  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
430    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
431    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
432    _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter, size_t __len)
433    {
434      size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
435      _CharT* __new_data = (_CharT*)
436	  _Base::_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__old_len + __len));
437      _RopeLeaf* __result;
438
439      uninitialized_copy_n(__r->_M_data, __old_len, __new_data);
440      uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __new_data + __old_len);
441      _S_cond_store_eos(__new_data[__old_len + __len]);
442      try
443	{
444	  __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
445				     __r->get_allocator());
446	}
447      catch(...)
448	{
449	  _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
450				      __r->get_allocator());
451	  __throw_exception_again;
452	}
453      return __result;
454    }
455
456#ifndef __GC
457  // As above, but it's OK to clobber original if refcount is 1
458  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
459    typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
460    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
461    _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter,
462				   size_t __len)
463    {
464      if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
465	return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
466      size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
467      if (_S_allocated_capacity(__old_len) >= __old_len + __len)
468	{
469	  // The space has been partially initialized for the standard
470	  // character types.  But that doesn't matter for those types.
471	  uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __r->_M_data + __old_len);
472	  if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
473	    _S_cond_store_eos(__r->_M_data[__old_len + __len]);
474	  else if (__r->_M_c_string != __r->_M_data && 0 != __r->_M_c_string)
475	    {
476	      __r->_M_free_c_string();
477	      __r->_M_c_string = 0;
478	    }
479	  __r->_M_size = __old_len + __len;
480	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;
481	  return __r;
482	}
483      else
484	{
485	  _RopeLeaf* __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
486	  return __result;
487	}
488    }
489#endif
490
491  // Assumes left and right are not 0.
492  // Does not increment (nor decrement on exception) child reference counts.
493  // Result has ref count 1.
494  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
495    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
496    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
497    _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
498    {
499      _RopeConcatenation* __result = _S_new_RopeConcatenation(__left, __right,
500							      __left->
501							      get_allocator());
502      size_t __depth = __result->_M_depth;
503
504      if (__depth > 20
505	  && (__result->_M_size < 1000
506	      || __depth > size_t(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)))
507	{
508	  _RopeRep* __balanced;
509
510	  try
511	    {
512	      __balanced = _S_balance(__result);
513	      __result->_M_unref_nonnil();
514	    }
515	  catch(...)
516	    {
517	      _C_deallocate(__result,1);
518	      __throw_exception_again;
519	    }
520	  // In case of exception, we need to deallocate
521	  // otherwise dangling result node.  But caller
522	  // still owns its children.  Thus unref is
523	  // inappropriate.
524	  return __balanced;
525	}
526      else
527	return __result;
528    }
529
530  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
531    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
532    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
533    _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT*__s, size_t __slen)
534    {
535      _RopeRep* __result;
536      if (0 == __slen)
537	{
538	  _S_ref(__r);
539	  return __r;
540	}
541      if (0 == __r)
542	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
543						__r->get_allocator());
544      if (__r->_M_tag == __detail::_S_leaf
545	  && __r->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
546	{
547	  __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s, __slen);
548	  return __result;
549	}
550      if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag
551	  && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*) __r)->_M_right->_M_tag)
552	{
553	  _RopeLeaf* __right =
554	    (_RopeLeaf* )(((_RopeConcatenation* )__r)->_M_right);
555	  if (__right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
556	    {
557	      _RopeRep* __left = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_left;
558	      _RopeRep* __nright =
559		_S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__right, __s, __slen);
560	      __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
561	      try
562		{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__left, __nright); }
563	      catch(...)
564		{
565		  _S_unref(__left);
566		  _S_unref(__nright);
567		  __throw_exception_again;
568		}
569	      return __result;
570	    }
571	}
572      _RopeRep* __nright =
573	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->get_allocator());
574      try
575	{
576	  __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
577	  __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __nright);
578	}
579      catch(...)
580	{
581	  _S_unref(__r);
582	  _S_unref(__nright);
583	  __throw_exception_again;
584	}
585      return __result;
586    }
587
588#ifndef __GC
589  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
590    typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeRep*
591    rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::
592    _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT* __s, size_t __slen)
593    {
594      _RopeRep* __result;
595      if (0 == __r)
596	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
597						__r->get_allocator());
598      size_t __count = __r->_M_ref_count;
599      size_t __orig_size = __r->_M_size;
600      if (__count > 1)
601	return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __s, __slen);
602      if (0 == __slen)
603	{
604	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;      // One more than before
605	  return __r;
606	}
607      if (__orig_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max)
608	  && __detail::_S_leaf == __r->_M_tag)
609	{
610	  __result = _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s,
611						    __slen);
612	  return __result;
613	}
614      if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
615	{
616	  _RopeLeaf* __right = (_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)
617					     __r)->_M_right);
618	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag
619	      && __right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
620	    {
621	      _RopeRep* __new_right =
622		_S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(__right, __s, __slen);
623	      if (__right == __new_right)
624		__new_right->_M_ref_count = 1;
625	      else
626		__right->_M_unref_nonnil();
627	      __r->_M_ref_count = 2;    // One more than before.
628	      ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_right = __new_right;
629	      __r->_M_size = __orig_size + __slen;
630	      if (0 != __r->_M_c_string)
631		{
632		  __r->_M_free_c_string();
633		  __r->_M_c_string = 0;
634		}
635	      return __r;
636	    }
637	}
638      _RopeRep* __right =
639	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->get_allocator());
640      __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
641      try
642	{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __right); }
643      catch(...)
644	{
645	  _S_unref(__r);
646	  _S_unref(__right);
647	  __throw_exception_again;
648	}
649      return __result;
650    }
651#endif /* !__GC */
652
653  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
654    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
655    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
656    _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
657    {
658      if (0 == __left)
659	{
660	  _S_ref(__right);
661	  return __right;
662	}
663      if (0 == __right)
664	{
665	  __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
666	  return __left;
667	}
668      if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
669	{
670	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
671	    {
672	      if (__right->_M_size + __left->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
673		return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__left,
674						((_RopeLeaf*)__right)->_M_data,
675						__right->_M_size);
676	    }
677	  else if (__detail::_S_concat == __left->_M_tag
678		   && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*)
679						   __left)->_M_right->_M_tag)
680	    {
681	      _RopeLeaf* __leftright =
682		(_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_right);
683	      if (__leftright->_M_size
684		  + __right->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
685		{
686		  _RopeRep* __leftleft = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_left;
687		  _RopeRep* __rest = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__leftright,
688							      ((_RopeLeaf*)
689							       __right)->
690							      _M_data,
691							      __right->_M_size);
692		  __leftleft->_M_ref_nonnil();
693		  try
694		    { return(_S_tree_concat(__leftleft, __rest)); }
695		  catch(...)
696		    {
697		      _S_unref(__leftleft);
698		      _S_unref(__rest);
699		      __throw_exception_again;
700		    }
701		}
702	    }
703	}
704      __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
705      __right->_M_ref_nonnil();
706      try
707	{ return(_S_tree_concat(__left, __right)); }
708      catch(...)
709	{
710	  _S_unref(__left);
711	  _S_unref(__right);
712	  __throw_exception_again;
713	}
714    }
715
716  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
717    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
718    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
719    _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base, size_t __start, size_t __endp1)
720    {
721      if (0 == __base)
722	return 0;
723      size_t __len = __base->_M_size;
724      size_t __adj_endp1;
725      const size_t __lazy_threshold = 128;
726
727      if (__endp1 >= __len)
728	{
729	  if (0 == __start)
730	    {
731	      __base->_M_ref_nonnil();
732	      return __base;
733	    }
734	  else
735	    __adj_endp1 = __len;
736
737	}
738      else
739	__adj_endp1 = __endp1;
740
741      switch(__base->_M_tag)
742	{
743	case __detail::_S_concat:
744	    {
745	      _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__base;
746	      _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
747	      _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
748	      size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
749	      _RopeRep* __result;
750
751	      if (__adj_endp1 <= __left_len)
752		return _S_substring(__left, __start, __endp1);
753	      else if (__start >= __left_len)
754		return _S_substring(__right, __start - __left_len,
755				    __adj_endp1 - __left_len);
756	      _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_substring(__left,
757							    __start,
758							    __left_len));
759	      _Self_destruct_ptr __right_result(_S_substring(__right, 0,
760							     __endp1
761							     - __left_len));
762	      __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right_result);
763	      return __result;
764	    }
765	case __detail::_S_leaf:
766	  {
767	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__base;
768	    _RopeLeaf* __result;
769	    size_t __result_len;
770	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
771	      return 0;
772	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
773	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
774	      goto lazy;
775#ifdef __GC
776	    const _CharT* __section = __l->_M_data + __start;
777	    __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
778				       __base->get_allocator());
779	    __result->_M_c_string = 0;  // Not eos terminated.
780#else
781	    // We should sometimes create substring node instead.
782	    __result = __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__l->_M_data + __start,
783							__result_len,
784							__base->
785							get_allocator());
786#endif
787	    return __result;
788	  }
789	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
790	  // Avoid introducing multiple layers of substring nodes.
791	  {
792	    _RopeSubstring* __old = (_RopeSubstring*)__base;
793	    size_t __result_len;
794	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
795	      return 0;
796	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
797	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
798	      {
799		_RopeSubstring* __result =
800		  _S_new_RopeSubstring(__old->_M_base,
801				       __start + __old->_M_start,
802				       __adj_endp1 - __start,
803				       __base->get_allocator());
804		return __result;
805
806	      } // *** else fall through: ***
807	  }
808	case __detail::_S_function:
809	  {
810	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__base;
811	    _CharT* __section;
812	    size_t __result_len;
813	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
814	      return 0;
815	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
816
817	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
818	      goto lazy;
819	    __section = (_CharT*)
820	     _Base::_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__result_len));
821	    try
822	      {	(*(__f->_M_fn))(__start, __result_len, __section); }
823	    catch(...)
824	      {
825		_RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__section, __result_len,
826					    __base->get_allocator());
827		__throw_exception_again;
828	      }
829	    _S_cond_store_eos(__section[__result_len]);
830	    return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
831				   __base->get_allocator());
832	  }
833	}
834    lazy:
835      {
836	// Create substring node.
837	return _S_new_RopeSubstring(__base, __start, __adj_endp1 - __start,
838				    __base->get_allocator());
839      }
840    }
841
842  template<class _CharT>
843    class _Rope_flatten_char_consumer
844    : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
845    {
846    private:
847      _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
848    public:
849
850      _Rope_flatten_char_consumer(_CharT* __buffer)
851      { _M_buf_ptr = __buffer; };
852
853      ~_Rope_flatten_char_consumer() {}
854
855      bool
856      operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
857      {
858	uninitialized_copy_n(__leaf, __n, _M_buf_ptr);
859	_M_buf_ptr += __n;
860	return true;
861      }
862    };
863
864  template<class _CharT>
865    class _Rope_find_char_char_consumer
866    : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
867    {
868    private:
869      _CharT _M_pattern;
870    public:
871      size_t _M_count;  // Number of nonmatching characters
872
873      _Rope_find_char_char_consumer(_CharT __p)
874      : _M_pattern(__p), _M_count(0) {}
875
876      ~_Rope_find_char_char_consumer() {}
877
878      bool
879      operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
880      {
881	size_t __i;
882	for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
883	  {
884	    if (__leaf[__i] == _M_pattern)
885	      {
886		_M_count += __i;
887		return false;
888	      }
889	  }
890	_M_count += __n; return true;
891      }
892    };
893
894  template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
895  // Here _CharT is both the stream and rope character type.
896    class _Rope_insert_char_consumer
897    : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
898    {
899    private:
900      typedef basic_ostream<_CharT,_Traits> _Insert_ostream;
901      _Insert_ostream& _M_o;
902    public:
903      _Rope_insert_char_consumer(_Insert_ostream& __writer)
904	: _M_o(__writer) {};
905      ~_Rope_insert_char_consumer() { };
906      // Caller is presumed to own the ostream
907      bool operator() (const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n);
908      // Returns true to continue traversal.
909    };
910
911  template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
912    bool
913    _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits>::
914    operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
915    {
916      size_t __i;
917      //  We assume that formatting is set up correctly for each element.
918      for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
919	_M_o.put(__leaf[__i]);
920      return true;
921    }
922
923  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
924    bool
925    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
926    _S_apply_to_pieces(_Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
927		       const _RopeRep* __r, size_t __begin, size_t __end)
928    {
929      if (0 == __r)
930	return true;
931      switch(__r->_M_tag)
932	{
933	case __detail::_S_concat:
934	  {
935	    _RopeConcatenation* __conc = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
936	    _RopeRep* __left =  __conc->_M_left;
937	    size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
938	    if (__begin < __left_len)
939	      {
940		size_t __left_end = std::min(__left_len, __end);
941		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __left, __begin, __left_end))
942		  return false;
943	      }
944	    if (__end > __left_len)
945	      {
946		_RopeRep* __right =  __conc->_M_right;
947		size_t __right_start = std::max(__left_len, __begin);
948		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __right,
949					__right_start - __left_len,
950					__end - __left_len))
951		  return false;
952	      }
953	  }
954	  return true;
955	case __detail::_S_leaf:
956	  {
957	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
958	    return __c(__l->_M_data + __begin, __end - __begin);
959	  }
960	case __detail::_S_function:
961	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
962	    {
963	      _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
964	      size_t __len = __end - __begin;
965	      bool __result;
966	      _CharT* __buffer =
967		(_CharT*)_Alloc().allocate(__len * sizeof(_CharT));
968	      try
969		{
970		  (*(__f->_M_fn))(__begin, __len, __buffer);
971		  __result = __c(__buffer, __len);
972                  _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
973                }
974	      catch(...)
975		{
976		  _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
977		  __throw_exception_again;
978		}
979	      return __result;
980	    }
981	default:
982	  return false;
983	}
984    }
985
986  template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
987    inline void
988    _Rope_fill(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o, size_t __n)
989    {
990      char __f = __o.fill();
991      size_t __i;
992
993      for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
994	__o.put(__f);
995    }
996
997
998  template <class _CharT>
999    inline bool
1000    _Rope_is_simple(_CharT*)
1001    { return false; }
1002
1003  inline bool
1004  _Rope_is_simple(char*)
1005  { return true; }
1006
1007  inline bool
1008  _Rope_is_simple(wchar_t*)
1009  { return true; }
1010
1011  template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
1012    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
1013    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
1014	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r)
1015    {
1016      size_t __w = __o.width();
1017      bool __left = bool(__o.flags() & std::ios::left);
1018      size_t __pad_len;
1019      size_t __rope_len = __r.size();
1020      _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits> __c(__o);
1021      bool __is_simple = _Rope_is_simple((_CharT*)0);
1022
1023      if (__rope_len < __w)
1024	__pad_len = __w - __rope_len;
1025      else
1026	__pad_len = 0;
1027
1028      if (!__is_simple)
1029	__o.width(__w / __rope_len);
1030      try
1031	{
1032	  if (__is_simple && !__left && __pad_len > 0)
1033	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
1034	  __r.apply_to_pieces(0, __r.size(), __c);
1035	  if (__is_simple && __left && __pad_len > 0)
1036	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
1037	  if (!__is_simple)
1038	    __o.width(__w);
1039	}
1040      catch(...)
1041	{
1042	  if (!__is_simple)
1043	    __o.width(__w);
1044	  __throw_exception_again;
1045	}
1046      return __o;
1047    }
1048
1049  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1050    _CharT*
1051    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1052    _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, size_t __start, size_t __len,
1053	       _CharT* __buffer)
1054    {
1055      _Rope_flatten_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__buffer);
1056      _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __r, __start, __start + __len);
1057      return(__buffer + __len);
1058    }
1059
1060  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1061    size_t
1062    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1063    find(_CharT __pattern, size_t __start) const
1064    {
1065      _Rope_find_char_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__pattern);
1066      _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __start, size());
1067      size_type __result_pos = __start + __c._M_count;
1068#ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
1069      if (__result_pos == size())
1070	__result_pos = npos;
1071#endif
1072      return __result_pos;
1073    }
1074
1075  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1076    _CharT*
1077    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1078    _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer)
1079    {
1080      if (0 == __r)
1081	return __buffer;
1082      switch(__r->_M_tag)
1083	{
1084	case __detail::_S_concat:
1085	  {
1086	    _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
1087	    _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
1088	    _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
1089	    _CharT* __rest = _S_flatten(__left, __buffer);
1090	    return _S_flatten(__right, __rest);
1091	  }
1092	case __detail::_S_leaf:
1093	  {
1094	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
1095	    return copy_n(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_size, __buffer).second;
1096	  }
1097	case __detail::_S_function:
1098	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
1099	  // We don't yet do anything with substring nodes.
1100	  // This needs to be fixed before ropefiles will work well.
1101	  {
1102	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
1103	    (*(__f->_M_fn))(0, __f->_M_size, __buffer);
1104	    return __buffer + __f->_M_size;
1105	  }
1106	default:
1107	  return 0;
1108	}
1109    }
1110
1111  // This needs work for _CharT != char
1112  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1113    void
1114    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1115    _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent)
1116    {
1117      for (int __i = 0; __i < __indent; __i++)
1118	putchar(' ');
1119      if (0 == __r)
1120	{
1121	  printf("NULL\n");
1122	  return;
1123	}
1124      if (_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
1125	{
1126	  _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
1127	  _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
1128	  _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
1129
1130#ifdef __GC
1131	  printf("Concatenation %p (depth = %d, len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
1132		 __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
1133		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
1134#else
1135	  printf("Concatenation %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, "
1136		 "len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
1137		 __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
1138		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
1139#endif
1140	  _S_dump(__left, __indent + 2);
1141	  _S_dump(__right, __indent + 2);
1142	  return;
1143	}
1144      else
1145	{
1146	  const char* __kind;
1147
1148	  switch (__r->_M_tag)
1149	    {
1150	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
1151	      __kind = "Leaf";
1152	      break;
1153	    case __detail::_S_function:
1154	      __kind = "Function";
1155	      break;
1156	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
1157	      __kind = "Function representing substring";
1158	      break;
1159	    default:
1160	      __kind = "(corrupted kind field!)";
1161	    }
1162#ifdef __GC
1163	  printf("%s %p (depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
1164		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
1165#else
1166	  printf("%s %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
1167		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
1168#endif
1169	  if (_S_is_one_byte_char_type((_CharT*)0))
1170	    {
1171	      const int __max_len = 40;
1172	      _Self_destruct_ptr __prefix(_S_substring(__r, 0, __max_len));
1173	      _CharT __buffer[__max_len + 1];
1174	      bool __too_big = __r->_M_size > __prefix->_M_size;
1175
1176	      _S_flatten(__prefix, __buffer);
1177	      __buffer[__prefix->_M_size] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
1178	      printf("%s%s\n", (char*)__buffer,
1179		     __too_big? "...\n" : "\n");
1180	    }
1181	  else
1182	    printf("\n");
1183	}
1184    }
1185
1186  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1187    const unsigned long
1188    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1189    _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1] = {
1190      /* 0 */1, /* 1 */2, /* 2 */3, /* 3 */5, /* 4 */8, /* 5 */13, /* 6 */21,
1191      /* 7 */34, /* 8 */55, /* 9 */89, /* 10 */144, /* 11 */233, /* 12 */377,
1192      /* 13 */610, /* 14 */987, /* 15 */1597, /* 16 */2584, /* 17 */4181,
1193      /* 18 */6765, /* 19 */10946, /* 20 */17711, /* 21 */28657, /* 22 */46368,
1194      /* 23 */75025, /* 24 */121393, /* 25 */196418, /* 26 */317811,
1195      /* 27 */514229, /* 28 */832040, /* 29 */1346269, /* 30 */2178309,
1196      /* 31 */3524578, /* 32 */5702887, /* 33 */9227465, /* 34 */14930352,
1197      /* 35 */24157817, /* 36 */39088169, /* 37 */63245986, /* 38 */102334155,
1198      /* 39 */165580141, /* 40 */267914296, /* 41 */433494437,
1199      /* 42 */701408733, /* 43 */1134903170, /* 44 */1836311903,
1200      /* 45 */2971215073u };
1201  // These are Fibonacci numbers < 2**32.
1202
1203  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1204    typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
1205    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1206    _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r)
1207    {
1208      _RopeRep* __forest[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
1209      _RopeRep* __result = 0;
1210      int __i;
1211      // Invariant:
1212      // The concatenation of forest in descending order is equal to __r.
1213      // __forest[__i]._M_size >= _S_min_len[__i]
1214      // __forest[__i]._M_depth = __i
1215      // References from forest are included in refcount.
1216
1217      for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
1218	__forest[__i] = 0;
1219      try
1220	{
1221	  _S_add_to_forest(__r, __forest);
1222	  for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
1223	    if (0 != __forest[__i])
1224	      {
1225#ifndef __GC
1226		_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__result);
1227#endif
1228		__result = _S_concat(__forest[__i], __result);
1229		__forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
1230#if !defined(__GC) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
1231		__forest[__i] = 0;
1232#endif
1233	      }
1234	}
1235      catch(...)
1236	{
1237	  for(__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); __i++)
1238	    _S_unref(__forest[__i]);
1239	  __throw_exception_again;
1240	}
1241
1242      if (__result->_M_depth > int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth))
1243	__throw_length_error(__N("rope::_S_balance"));
1244      return(__result);
1245    }
1246
1247  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1248    void
1249    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1250    _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
1251    {
1252      if (__r->_M_is_balanced)
1253	{
1254	  _S_add_leaf_to_forest(__r, __forest);
1255	  return;
1256	}
1257
1258      {
1259	_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
1260
1261	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_left, __forest);
1262	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_right, __forest);
1263      }
1264    }
1265
1266
1267  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1268    void
1269    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1270    _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
1271    {
1272      _RopeRep* __insertee;		// included in refcount
1273      _RopeRep* __too_tiny = 0;		// included in refcount
1274      int __i;				// forest[0..__i-1] is empty
1275      size_t __s = __r->_M_size;
1276
1277      for (__i = 0; __s >= _S_min_len[__i+1]/* not this bucket */; ++__i)
1278	{
1279	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
1280	    {
1281#ifndef __GC
1282	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
1283#endif
1284	      __too_tiny = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
1285						      __too_tiny);
1286	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
1287	      __forest[__i] = 0;
1288	    }
1289	}
1290      {
1291#ifndef __GC
1292	_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
1293#endif
1294	__insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__too_tiny, __r);
1295      }
1296      // Too_tiny dead, and no longer included in refcount.
1297      // Insertee is live and included.
1298      for (;; ++__i)
1299	{
1300	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
1301	    {
1302#ifndef __GC
1303	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__insertee);
1304#endif
1305	      __insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
1306						      __insertee);
1307	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
1308	      __forest[__i] = 0;
1309	    }
1310	  if (__i == int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)
1311	      || __insertee->_M_size < _S_min_len[__i+1])
1312	    {
1313	      __forest[__i] = __insertee;
1314	      // refcount is OK since __insertee is now dead.
1315	      return;
1316	    }
1317	}
1318    }
1319
1320  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1321    _CharT
1322    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1323    _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
1324    {
1325      __GC_CONST _CharT* __cstr = __r->_M_c_string;
1326
1327      if (0 != __cstr)
1328	return __cstr[__i];
1329      for(;;)
1330	{
1331	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
1332	    {
1333	    case __detail::_S_concat:
1334	      {
1335		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
1336		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
1337		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
1338
1339		if (__i >= __left_len)
1340		  {
1341		    __i -= __left_len;
1342		    __r = __c->_M_right;
1343		  }
1344		else
1345		  __r = __left;
1346	      }
1347	      break;
1348	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
1349	      {
1350		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
1351		return __l->_M_data[__i];
1352	      }
1353	    case __detail::_S_function:
1354	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
1355	      {
1356		_RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
1357		_CharT __result;
1358
1359		(*(__f->_M_fn))(__i, 1, &__result);
1360		return __result;
1361	      }
1362	    }
1363	}
1364    }
1365
1366#ifndef __GC
1367  // Return a uniquely referenced character slot for the given
1368  // position, or 0 if that's not possible.
1369  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1370    _CharT*
1371    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1372    _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
1373    {
1374      _RopeRep* __clrstack[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth];
1375      size_t __csptr = 0;
1376
1377      for(;;)
1378	{
1379	  if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
1380	    return 0;
1381	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
1382	    {
1383	    case __detail::_S_concat:
1384	      {
1385		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
1386		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
1387		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
1388
1389		if (__c->_M_c_string != 0)
1390		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __c;
1391		if (__i >= __left_len)
1392		  {
1393		    __i -= __left_len;
1394		    __r = __c->_M_right;
1395		  }
1396		else
1397		  __r = __left;
1398	      }
1399	      break;
1400	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
1401	      {
1402		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
1403		if (__l->_M_c_string != __l->_M_data && __l->_M_c_string != 0)
1404		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __l;
1405		while (__csptr > 0)
1406		  {
1407		    -- __csptr;
1408		    _RopeRep* __d = __clrstack[__csptr];
1409		    __d->_M_free_c_string();
1410		    __d->_M_c_string = 0;
1411		  }
1412		return __l->_M_data + __i;
1413	      }
1414	    case __detail::_S_function:
1415	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
1416	      return 0;
1417	    }
1418	}
1419    }
1420#endif /* __GC */
1421
1422  // The following could be implemented trivially using
1423  // lexicographical_compare_3way.
1424  // We do a little more work to avoid dealing with rope iterators for
1425  // flat strings.
1426  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1427    int
1428    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1429    _S_compare (const _RopeRep* __left, const _RopeRep* __right)
1430    {
1431      size_t __left_len;
1432      size_t __right_len;
1433
1434      if (0 == __right)
1435	return 0 != __left;
1436      if (0 == __left)
1437	return -1;
1438      __left_len = __left->_M_size;
1439      __right_len = __right->_M_size;
1440      if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
1441	{
1442	  _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*) __left;
1443	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
1444	    {
1445	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
1446	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data,
1447						  __l->_M_data + __left_len,
1448						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
1449						  + __right_len);
1450	    }
1451	  else
1452	    {
1453	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
1454	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
1455	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_data
1456						  + __left_len,
1457						  __rstart, __rend);
1458	    }
1459	}
1460      else
1461	{
1462	  const_iterator __lstart(__left, 0);
1463	  const_iterator __lend(__left, __left_len);
1464	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
1465	    {
1466	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
1467	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
1468						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
1469						  + __right_len);
1470	    }
1471	  else
1472	    {
1473	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
1474	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
1475	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
1476						  __rstart, __rend);
1477	    }
1478	}
1479    }
1480
1481  // Assignment to reference proxies.
1482  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1483    _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>&
1484    _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1485    operator=(_CharT __c)
1486    {
1487      _RopeRep* __old = _M_root->_M_tree_ptr;
1488#ifndef __GC
1489      // First check for the case in which everything is uniquely
1490      // referenced.  In that case we can do this destructively.
1491      _CharT* __ptr = _My_rope::_S_fetch_ptr(__old, _M_pos);
1492      if (0 != __ptr)
1493	{
1494	  *__ptr = __c;
1495	  return *this;
1496	}
1497#endif
1498      _Self_destruct_ptr __left(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, 0, _M_pos));
1499      _Self_destruct_ptr __right(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, _M_pos + 1,
1500							__old->_M_size));
1501      _Self_destruct_ptr __result_left(_My_rope::
1502				       _S_destr_concat_char_iter(__left,
1503								 &__c, 1));
1504
1505      _RopeRep* __result = _My_rope::_S_concat(__result_left, __right);
1506#ifndef __GC
1507      _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
1508#endif
1509      _M_root->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
1510      return *this;
1511    }
1512
1513  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1514    inline _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1515    operator _CharT() const
1516    {
1517      if (_M_current_valid)
1518	return _M_current;
1519      else
1520	return _My_rope::_S_fetch(_M_root->_M_tree_ptr, _M_pos);
1521    }
1522
1523  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1524    _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>
1525    _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1526    operator&() const
1527    { return _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(*this); }
1528
1529  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1530    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1531    rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a)
1532    : _Base(__a)
1533    {
1534      rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __result;
1535      const size_t __exponentiate_threshold = 32;
1536      size_t __exponent;
1537      size_t __rest;
1538      _CharT* __rest_buffer;
1539      _RopeRep* __remainder;
1540      rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __remainder_rope;
1541
1542      if (0 == __n)
1543	return;
1544
1545      __exponent = __n / __exponentiate_threshold;
1546      __rest = __n % __exponentiate_threshold;
1547      if (0 == __rest)
1548	__remainder = 0;
1549      else
1550	{
1551	  __rest_buffer = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__rest));
1552	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__rest_buffer, __rest, __c,
1553				   get_allocator());
1554	  _S_cond_store_eos(__rest_buffer[__rest]);
1555	  try
1556	    { __remainder = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__rest_buffer, __rest, __a); }
1557	  catch(...)
1558	    {
1559	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__rest_buffer, __rest, __a);
1560	      __throw_exception_again;
1561	    }
1562	}
1563      __remainder_rope._M_tree_ptr = __remainder;
1564      if (__exponent != 0)
1565	{
1566	  _CharT* __base_buffer =
1567	    this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__exponentiate_threshold));
1568	  _RopeLeaf* __base_leaf;
1569	  rope __base_rope;
1570	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__base_buffer, __exponentiate_threshold, __c,
1571				   get_allocator());
1572	  _S_cond_store_eos(__base_buffer[__exponentiate_threshold]);
1573	  try
1574	    {
1575	      __base_leaf = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__base_buffer,
1576					    __exponentiate_threshold, __a);
1577	    }
1578	  catch(...)
1579	    {
1580	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__base_buffer,
1581					  __exponentiate_threshold, __a);
1582	      __throw_exception_again;
1583	    }
1584	  __base_rope._M_tree_ptr = __base_leaf;
1585	  if (1 == __exponent)
1586	    __result = __base_rope;
1587	  else
1588	    __result = power(__base_rope, __exponent,
1589			     _Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>());
1590
1591	  if (0 != __remainder)
1592	    __result += __remainder_rope;
1593	}
1594      else
1595	__result = __remainder_rope;
1596
1597      this->_M_tree_ptr = __result._M_tree_ptr;
1598      this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_ref_nonnil();
1599    }
1600
1601  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1602    _CharT
1603    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_empty_c_str[1];
1604
1605  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1606    const _CharT*
1607    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1608    c_str() const
1609    {
1610      if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
1611	{
1612	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);  // Possibly redundant,
1613	                                           // but probably fast.
1614	  return _S_empty_c_str;
1615	}
1616      __gthread_mutex_lock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
1617      __GC_CONST _CharT* __result = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
1618      if (0 == __result)
1619	{
1620	  size_t __s = size();
1621	  __result = this->_Data_allocate(__s + 1);
1622	  _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
1623	  __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
1624	  this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = __result;
1625	}
1626      __gthread_mutex_unlock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
1627      return(__result);
1628    }
1629
1630  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1631    const _CharT* rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
1632    replace_with_c_str()
1633    {
1634      if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
1635	{
1636	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
1637	  return _S_empty_c_str;
1638	}
1639      __GC_CONST _CharT* __old_c_string = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
1640      if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag
1641	  && 0 != __old_c_string)
1642	return(__old_c_string);
1643      size_t __s = size();
1644      _CharT* __result = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__s));
1645      _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
1646      __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
1647      this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_unref_nonnil();
1648      this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__result, __s,
1649					  this->get_allocator());
1650      return(__result);
1651    }
1652
1653  // Algorithm specializations.  More should be added.
1654
1655  template<class _Rope_iterator>  // was templated on CharT and Alloc
1656    void		          // VC++ workaround
1657    _Rope_rotate(_Rope_iterator __first,
1658		 _Rope_iterator __middle,
1659		 _Rope_iterator __last)
1660    {
1661      typedef typename _Rope_iterator::value_type _CharT;
1662      typedef typename _Rope_iterator::_allocator_type _Alloc;
1663
1664      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r(__first.container());
1665      rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __prefix = __r.substr(0, __first.index());
1666      rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __suffix =
1667	__r.substr(__last.index(), __r.size() - __last.index());
1668      rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part1 =
1669	__r.substr(__middle.index(), __last.index() - __middle.index());
1670      rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part2 =
1671	__r.substr(__first.index(), __middle.index() - __first.index());
1672      __r = __prefix;
1673      __r += __part1;
1674      __r += __part2;
1675      __r += __suffix;
1676    }
1677
1678#if !defined(__GNUC__)
1679  // Appears to confuse g++
1680  inline void
1681  rotate(_Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
1682	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
1683	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
1684  { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
1685#endif
1686
1687# if 0
1688  // Probably not useful for several reasons:
1689  // - for SGIs 7.1 compiler and probably some others,
1690  //   this forces lots of rope<wchar_t, ...> instantiations, creating a
1691  //   code bloat and compile time problem.  (Fixed in 7.2.)
1692  // - wchar_t is 4 bytes wide on most UNIX platforms, making it
1693  //   unattractive for unicode strings.  Unsigned short may be a better
1694  //   character type.
1695  inline void
1696  rotate(_Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
1697	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
1698	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
1699  { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
1700# endif
1701
1702_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE
1703