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8<title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4 - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div>
20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4</h1>
23<div class="toplang">
24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
25<a href="/fr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
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28
29  <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the
30     2.2 and 2.4 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since
31     version 2.0, see the <a href="new_features_2_2.html">2.2 new features</a>
32     document.</p>
33</div>
34<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li>
35<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#newmods">New Modules</a></li>
36<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li>
37<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li>
38<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></li>
39<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li>
40</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
41<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
42<div class="section">
43<h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2>
44    
45    <dl>
46      <dt>Run-time Loadable MPMs</dt>
47      <dd>Multiple MPMs can now be <a href="mpm.html#dynamic">built 
48      as loadable modules</a> at compile time.
49      The MPM of choice can be configured at run time.</dd>
50
51      <dt>Event MPM</dt>
52      <dd>The <a href="mod/event.html">Event MPM</a> is no longer experimental
53      but is now fully supported.</dd>
54
55      <dt>Asynchronous support</dt>
56      <dd>Better support for asynchronous read/write for supporting MPMs and
57      platforms.</dd>
58
59      <dt>Per-module and per-directory LogLevel configuration</dt>
60      <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a></code> can now be
61      configured per module and per directory.  New levels <code>trace1</code>
62      to <code>trace8</code> have been added above the <code>debug</code> log
63      level.</dd>
64
65      <dt>Per-request configuration sections</dt>
66      <dd><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#if">&lt;If&gt;</a></code>,
67          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#elseif">&lt;ElseIf&gt;</a></code>,
68          and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#else">&lt;Else&gt;</a></code>
69          sections can be used to set the configuration based on per-request
70          criteria.</dd>
71
72      <dt>General-purpose expression parser</dt>
73      <dd>A new expression parser allows to specify
74          <a href="expr.html">complex conditions</a> using a common syntax
75          in directives like
76          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifexpr">SetEnvIfExpr</a></code>,
77          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>,
78          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code>,
79          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#if">&lt;If&gt;</a></code>,
80          and others.
81      </dd>
82
83      <dt>KeepAliveTimeout in milliseconds</dt>
84      <dd>It is now possible to specify <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></code> in milliseconds.
85      </dd>
86
87      <dt>NameVirtualHost directive</dt>
88      <dd>No longer needed and is now deprecated.</dd>
89
90      <dt>Override Configuration</dt>
91      <dd>The new <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#allowoverridelist">AllowOverrideList</a></code>
92          directive allows more fine grained control which directives are
93          allowed in <code>.htaccess</code> files. </dd>
94
95      <dt>Config file variables</dt>
96      <dd>It is now possible to <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code>
97          variables in the configuration, allowing a clearer representation
98          if the same value is used at many places in the configuration.
99      </dd>
100
101      <dt>Reduced memory usage</dt>
102      <dd>Despite many new features, 2.4.x tends to use less memory than
103      2.2.x.</dd>
104
105    </dl>
106  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
107<div class="section">
108<h2><a name="newmods" id="newmods">New Modules</a></h2>
109    
110    <dl>
111      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></dt>
112      <dd>FastCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
113
114      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></dt>
115      <dd>SCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
116
117      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_express.html">mod_proxy_express</a></code></dt>
118      <dd>Provides dynamically configured mass reverse proxies for
119      <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
120
121      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code></dt>
122      <dd>Replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for the request
123      with the IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer via
124      the request headers.</dd>
125
126      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_heartmonitor.html">mod_heartmonitor</a></code>,
127          <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.html">mod_lbmethod_heartbeat</a></code></dt>
128      <dd>Allow <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> to base loadbalancing decisions
129      on the number of active connections on the backend servers.</dd>
130
131      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code></dt>
132      <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports fixing of HTML
133      links in a reverse proxy situation, where the backend generates
134      URLs that are not valid for the proxy's clients.</dd>
135
136      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_sed.html">mod_sed</a></code></dt>
137      <dd>An advanced replacement of <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code>, allows
138      to edit the response body with the full power of sed.</dd>
139
140      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code></dt>
141      <dd>Enables form-based authentication.</dd>
142
143      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></dt>
144      <dd>Enables the use of session state for clients, using cookie or
145      database storage.</dd>
146
147      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_allowmethods.html">mod_allowmethods</a></code></dt>
148      <dd>New module to restrict certain HTTP methods without interfering with
149      authentication or authorization.</dd>
150
151      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code></dt>
152      <dd>Embeds the <a href="http://www.lua.org/">Lua</a> language into httpd,
153      for configuration and small business logic functions. (Experimental)</dd>
154
155      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_log_debug.html">mod_log_debug</a></code></dt>
156      <dd>Allows the addition of customizable debug logging at different phases of the
157      request processing.</dd>
158
159      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_buffer.html">mod_buffer</a></code></dt>
160      <dd>Provides for buffering the input and output filter stacks</dd>
161
162      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_data.html">mod_data</a></code></dt>
163      <dd>Convert response body into an RFC2397 data URL</dd>
164
165      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ratelimit.html">mod_ratelimit</a></code></dt>
166      <dd>Provides Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Clients</dd>
167
168      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_request.html">mod_request</a></code></dt>
169      <dd>Provides Filters to handle and make available HTTP request bodies</dd>
170
171      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_reflector.html">mod_reflector</a></code></dt>
172      <dd>Provides Reflection of a request body as a response via the output filter stack.</dd>
173
174      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_slotmem_shm.html">mod_slotmem_shm</a></code></dt>
175      <dd>Provides a Slot-based shared memory provider (ala the scoreboard).</dd>
176
177      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_xml2enc.html">mod_xml2enc</a></code></dt>
178      <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports internationalisation
179      in libxml2-based (markup-aware) filter modules.</dd>
180
181    </dl>
182  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
183<div class="section">
184<h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2>
185    
186    <dl>
187      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt>
188
189      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to use an
190      OCSP server to check the validation status of a client
191      certificate.  The default responder is configurable, along with
192      the decision on whether to prefer the responder designated in
193      the client certificate itself.</dd>
194
195      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> now also supports OCSP stapling, where the
196      server pro-actively obtains an OCSP verification of its certificate and
197      transmits that to the client during the handshake. </dd>
198
199      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to share SSL Session
200      data between servers through memcached</dd>
201
202      <dd>EC keys are now supported in addition to RSA and DSA.</dd>
203
204      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dt>
205
206      <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive
207      is now most optimally configured within a
208      <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#location">Location</a></code> or
209      <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#locationmatch">LocationMatch</a></code>
210      block, and offers a significant performance advantage over the traditional
211      two-parameter syntax when present in large numbers.</dd>
212  <dd>The source address used for proxy requests is now configurable.</dd>
213
214      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code></dt>
215
216      <dd>More runtime configuration changes for BalancerMembers via balancer-manager</dd>
217
218      <dd>Additional BalancerMembers can be added at runtime via balancer-manager</dd>
219
220      <dd>Runtime configuration of a subset of Balancer parameters</dd>
221
222      <dd>BalancerMembers can be set to 'Drain' so that they only respond to existing sticky
223      sessions, allowing them to be taken gracefully offline.</dd>
224
225      <dd>Balancer settings can be persistent after restarts.</dd>
226
227      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></dt>
228
229      <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> CACHE filter can be optionally inserted
230      at a given point in the filter chain to provide fine control over caching.
231      </dd>
232
233      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now cache HEAD requests.</dd>
234
235      <dd>Where possible, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> directives can now be set
236      per directory, instead of per server.</dd>
237
238      <dd>The base URL of cached URLs can be customised, so that a cluster of
239      caches can share the same endpoint URL prefix.</dd>
240
241      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> is now capable of serving stale cached
242      data when a backend is unavailable (error 5xx).</dd>
243
244      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now insert HIT/MISS/REVALIDATE into
245      an X-Cache header.</dd>
246
247      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></dt>
248      <dd>Support for the 'onerror' attribute within an 'include' element,
249      allowing an error document to be served on error instead of the default
250      error string.</dd>
251
252      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>,
253          <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_isapi.html">mod_isapi</a></code>, ...</dt>
254      <dd>Translation of headers to environment variables is more strict than
255      before to mitigate some possible cross-site-scripting attacks via header
256      injection. Headers containing invalid characters (including underscores)
257      are now silently dropped. <a href="env.html">Environment Variables
258      in Apache</a> has some pointers on how to work around broken legacy
259      clients which require such headers. (This affects all modules which
260      use these environment variables.)</dd>
261
262      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> Authorization Logic Containers</dt>
263
264      <dd>Advanced authorization logic may now be specified using the
265          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive
266          and the related container directives, such as
267          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">&lt;RequireAll&gt;</a></code>.</dd>
268
269      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></dt>
270      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> adds the <code>[QSD]</code>
271          (Query String Discard) and <code>[END]</code> flags for
272          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> to
273          simplify common rewriting scenarios.</dd>
274      <dd>Adds the possibility to use complex boolean expressions in <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>.</dd>
275      <dd>Allows the use of SQL queries as <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> functions.</dd>
276
277      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt>
278      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> adds support for nested groups.</dd>
279      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds
280          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldapconnectionpoolttl">LDAPConnectionPoolTTL</a></code>,
281          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptimeout">LDAPTimeout</a></code>, and
282          other improvements in the handling of timeouts.
283          This is especially useful for setups where a
284          stateful firewall drops idle connections to the LDAP server.</dd>
285      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds
286          <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaplibrarydebug">LDAPLibraryDebug</a></code> to log
287          debug information provided by the used LDAP toolkit.</dd>
288
289      <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt>
290      <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code> can now dump the pre-parsed configuration
291          to stdout during server startup.</dd>
292
293
294    </dl>
295  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
296<div class="section">
297<h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2>
298    
299    <dl>
300        <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/fcgistarter.html">fcgistarter</a></code></dt>
301        <dd>New FastCGI deamon starter utility</dd>
302
303        <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code></dt>
304        <dd>Current cached URLs can now be listed, with optional metadata
305        included.</dd>
306        <dd>Allow explicit deletion of individual cached URLs from the
307        cache.</dd>
308        <dd>File sizes can now be rounded up to the given block size, making
309        the size limits map more closely to the real size on disk.</dd>
310        <dd>Cache size can now be limited by the number of inodes, instead
311        of or in addition to being limited by the size of the files on
312        disk.</dd>
313
314        <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a></code></dt>
315        <dd>May now create a link to the current log file.</dd>
316        <dd>May now invoke a custom post-rotate script.</dd>
317    </dl>
318  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
319<div class="section">
320<h2><a name="documentation" id="documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
321    
322    <dl>
323        <dt>mod_rewrite</dt>
324        <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> documentation has been
325        rearranged and almost completely rewritten, with a focus on
326        examples and common usage, as well as on showing you when other
327        solutions are more appropriate. The <a href="rewrite/">Rewrite
328        Guide</a> is now a top-level section with much more detail and
329        better organization.</dd>
330
331        <dt>mod_ssl</dt>
332        <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> documentation has been greatly
333        enhanced, with more examples at the getting started level, in
334        addition to the previous focus on technical details.</dd>
335
336        <dt>Caching Guide</dt>
337        <dd>The <a href="caching.html">Caching Guide</a> has been rewritten
338        to properly distinguish between the RFC2616 HTTP/1.1 caching
339        features provided by <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, and the generic
340        key/value caching provided by the <a href="socache.html">socache</a>
341        interface, as well as to cover specialised caching provided by
342        mechanisms such as <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_file_cache.html">mod_file_cache</a></code>.</dd>
343
344    </dl>
345  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
346<div class="section">
347<h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2>
348    
349    <dl>
350      <dt>Check Configuration Hook Added</dt>
351
352      <dd>A new hook, <code>check_config</code>, has been added which runs
353          between the <code>pre_config</code> and <code>open_logs</code>
354          hooks.  It also runs before the <code>test_config</code> hook
355          when the <code>-t</code> option is passed to
356          <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.  The <code>check_config</code> hook
357          allows modules to review interdependent configuration directive
358          values and adjust them while messages can still be logged to the
359          console.  The user can thus be alerted to misconfiguration problems
360          before the core <code>open_logs</code> hook function redirects
361          console output to the error log.</dd>
362
363      <dt>Expression Parser Added</dt>
364
365      <dd>We now have a general-purpose expression parser, whose API is
366          exposed in <var>ap_expr.h</var>.  This is adapted from the
367          expression parser previously implemented in
368          <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</dd>
369
370      <dt>Authorization Logic Containers</dt>
371
372      <dd>Authorization modules now register as a provider, via
373      ap_register_auth_provider(), to support advanced authorization logic,
374      such as <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">&lt;RequireAll&gt;</a></code>.</dd>
375
376      <dt>Small-Object Caching Interface</dt>
377
378      <dd>The <var>ap_socache.h</var> header exposes a provider-based
379      interface for caching small data objects, based on the previous
380      implementation of the <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> session cache.
381      Providers using a shared-memory cyclic buffer, disk-based dbm
382      files, and a memcache distributed cache are currently
383      supported.</dd>
384
385      <dt>Cache Status Hook Added</dt>
386
387      <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> module now includes a new
388      <code>cache_status</code> hook, which is called when the caching
389      decision becomes known. A default implementation is provided
390      which adds an optional <code>X-Cache</code> and
391      <code>X-Cache-Detail</code> header to the response.</dd>
392    </dl>
393
394    <p>The developer documentation contains a
395    <a href="developer/new_api_2_4.html">detailed list of API changes</a>.</p>
396  </div></div>
397<div class="bottomlang">
398<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
399<a href="/fr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
400<a href="/tr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
401</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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