1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4 - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English"> en </a> | 25<a href="/fr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 26<a href="/tr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 27</div> 28 29 <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the 30 2.2 and 2.4 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since 31 version 2.0, see the <a href="new_features_2_2.html">2.2 new features</a> 32 document.</p> 33</div> 34<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li> 35<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#newmods">New Modules</a></li> 36<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li> 37<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li> 38<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></li> 39<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li> 40</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 41<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 42<div class="section"> 43<h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2> 44 45 <dl> 46 <dt>Run-time Loadable MPMs</dt> 47 <dd>Multiple MPMs can now be <a href="mpm.html#dynamic">built 48 as loadable modules</a> at compile time. 49 The MPM of choice can be configured at run time.</dd> 50 51 <dt>Event MPM</dt> 52 <dd>The <a href="mod/event.html">Event MPM</a> is no longer experimental 53 but is now fully supported.</dd> 54 55 <dt>Asynchronous support</dt> 56 <dd>Better support for asynchronous read/write for supporting MPMs and 57 platforms.</dd> 58 59 <dt>Per-module and per-directory LogLevel configuration</dt> 60 <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a></code> can now be 61 configured per module and per directory. New levels <code>trace1</code> 62 to <code>trace8</code> have been added above the <code>debug</code> log 63 level.</dd> 64 65 <dt>Per-request configuration sections</dt> 66 <dd><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, 67 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#elseif"><ElseIf></a></code>, 68 and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#else"><Else></a></code> 69 sections can be used to set the configuration based on per-request 70 criteria.</dd> 71 72 <dt>General-purpose expression parser</dt> 73 <dd>A new expression parser allows to specify 74 <a href="expr.html">complex conditions</a> using a common syntax 75 in directives like 76 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifexpr">SetEnvIfExpr</a></code>, 77 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>, 78 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code>, 79 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, 80 and others. 81 </dd> 82 83 <dt>KeepAliveTimeout in milliseconds</dt> 84 <dd>It is now possible to specify <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></code> in milliseconds. 85 </dd> 86 87 <dt>NameVirtualHost directive</dt> 88 <dd>No longer needed and is now deprecated.</dd> 89 90 <dt>Override Configuration</dt> 91 <dd>The new <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#allowoverridelist">AllowOverrideList</a></code> 92 directive allows more fine grained control which directives are 93 allowed in <code>.htaccess</code> files. </dd> 94 95 <dt>Config file variables</dt> 96 <dd>It is now possible to <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> 97 variables in the configuration, allowing a clearer representation 98 if the same value is used at many places in the configuration. 99 </dd> 100 101 <dt>Reduced memory usage</dt> 102 <dd>Despite many new features, 2.4.x tends to use less memory than 103 2.2.x.</dd> 104 105 </dl> 106 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 107<div class="section"> 108<h2><a name="newmods" id="newmods">New Modules</a></h2> 109 110 <dl> 111 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></dt> 112 <dd>FastCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> 113 114 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></dt> 115 <dd>SCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> 116 117 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_express.html">mod_proxy_express</a></code></dt> 118 <dd>Provides dynamically configured mass reverse proxies for 119 <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> 120 121 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code></dt> 122 <dd>Replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for the request 123 with the IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer via 124 the request headers.</dd> 125 126 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_heartmonitor.html">mod_heartmonitor</a></code>, 127 <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.html">mod_lbmethod_heartbeat</a></code></dt> 128 <dd>Allow <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> to base loadbalancing decisions 129 on the number of active connections on the backend servers.</dd> 130 131 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code></dt> 132 <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports fixing of HTML 133 links in a reverse proxy situation, where the backend generates 134 URLs that are not valid for the proxy's clients.</dd> 135 136 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_sed.html">mod_sed</a></code></dt> 137 <dd>An advanced replacement of <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code>, allows 138 to edit the response body with the full power of sed.</dd> 139 140 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code></dt> 141 <dd>Enables form-based authentication.</dd> 142 143 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></dt> 144 <dd>Enables the use of session state for clients, using cookie or 145 database storage.</dd> 146 147 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_allowmethods.html">mod_allowmethods</a></code></dt> 148 <dd>New module to restrict certain HTTP methods without interfering with 149 authentication or authorization.</dd> 150 151 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code></dt> 152 <dd>Embeds the <a href="http://www.lua.org/">Lua</a> language into httpd, 153 for configuration and small business logic functions. (Experimental)</dd> 154 155 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_log_debug.html">mod_log_debug</a></code></dt> 156 <dd>Allows the addition of customizable debug logging at different phases of the 157 request processing.</dd> 158 159 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_buffer.html">mod_buffer</a></code></dt> 160 <dd>Provides for buffering the input and output filter stacks</dd> 161 162 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_data.html">mod_data</a></code></dt> 163 <dd>Convert response body into an RFC2397 data URL</dd> 164 165 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ratelimit.html">mod_ratelimit</a></code></dt> 166 <dd>Provides Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Clients</dd> 167 168 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_request.html">mod_request</a></code></dt> 169 <dd>Provides Filters to handle and make available HTTP request bodies</dd> 170 171 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_reflector.html">mod_reflector</a></code></dt> 172 <dd>Provides Reflection of a request body as a response via the output filter stack.</dd> 173 174 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_slotmem_shm.html">mod_slotmem_shm</a></code></dt> 175 <dd>Provides a Slot-based shared memory provider (ala the scoreboard).</dd> 176 177 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_xml2enc.html">mod_xml2enc</a></code></dt> 178 <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports internationalisation 179 in libxml2-based (markup-aware) filter modules.</dd> 180 181 </dl> 182 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 183<div class="section"> 184<h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2> 185 186 <dl> 187 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt> 188 189 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to use an 190 OCSP server to check the validation status of a client 191 certificate. The default responder is configurable, along with 192 the decision on whether to prefer the responder designated in 193 the client certificate itself.</dd> 194 195 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> now also supports OCSP stapling, where the 196 server pro-actively obtains an OCSP verification of its certificate and 197 transmits that to the client during the handshake. </dd> 198 199 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to share SSL Session 200 data between servers through memcached</dd> 201 202 <dd>EC keys are now supported in addition to RSA and DSA.</dd> 203 204 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dt> 205 206 <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive 207 is now most optimally configured within a 208 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#location">Location</a></code> or 209 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#locationmatch">LocationMatch</a></code> 210 block, and offers a significant performance advantage over the traditional 211 two-parameter syntax when present in large numbers.</dd> 212 <dd>The source address used for proxy requests is now configurable.</dd> 213 214 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code></dt> 215 216 <dd>More runtime configuration changes for BalancerMembers via balancer-manager</dd> 217 218 <dd>Additional BalancerMembers can be added at runtime via balancer-manager</dd> 219 220 <dd>Runtime configuration of a subset of Balancer parameters</dd> 221 222 <dd>BalancerMembers can be set to 'Drain' so that they only respond to existing sticky 223 sessions, allowing them to be taken gracefully offline.</dd> 224 225 <dd>Balancer settings can be persistent after restarts.</dd> 226 227 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></dt> 228 229 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> CACHE filter can be optionally inserted 230 at a given point in the filter chain to provide fine control over caching. 231 </dd> 232 233 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now cache HEAD requests.</dd> 234 235 <dd>Where possible, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> directives can now be set 236 per directory, instead of per server.</dd> 237 238 <dd>The base URL of cached URLs can be customised, so that a cluster of 239 caches can share the same endpoint URL prefix.</dd> 240 241 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> is now capable of serving stale cached 242 data when a backend is unavailable (error 5xx).</dd> 243 244 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now insert HIT/MISS/REVALIDATE into 245 an X-Cache header.</dd> 246 247 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></dt> 248 <dd>Support for the 'onerror' attribute within an 'include' element, 249 allowing an error document to be served on error instead of the default 250 error string.</dd> 251 252 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>, 253 <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_isapi.html">mod_isapi</a></code>, ...</dt> 254 <dd>Translation of headers to environment variables is more strict than 255 before to mitigate some possible cross-site-scripting attacks via header 256 injection. Headers containing invalid characters (including underscores) 257 are now silently dropped. <a href="env.html">Environment Variables 258 in Apache</a> has some pointers on how to work around broken legacy 259 clients which require such headers. (This affects all modules which 260 use these environment variables.)</dd> 261 262 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> Authorization Logic Containers</dt> 263 264 <dd>Advanced authorization logic may now be specified using the 265 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive 266 and the related container directives, such as 267 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd> 268 269 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></dt> 270 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> adds the <code>[QSD]</code> 271 (Query String Discard) and <code>[END]</code> flags for 272 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> to 273 simplify common rewriting scenarios.</dd> 274 <dd>Adds the possibility to use complex boolean expressions in <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>.</dd> 275 <dd>Allows the use of SQL queries as <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> functions.</dd> 276 277 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt> 278 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> adds support for nested groups.</dd> 279 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds 280 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldapconnectionpoolttl">LDAPConnectionPoolTTL</a></code>, 281 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptimeout">LDAPTimeout</a></code>, and 282 other improvements in the handling of timeouts. 283 This is especially useful for setups where a 284 stateful firewall drops idle connections to the LDAP server.</dd> 285 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds 286 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaplibrarydebug">LDAPLibraryDebug</a></code> to log 287 debug information provided by the used LDAP toolkit.</dd> 288 289 <dt><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt> 290 <dd><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code> can now dump the pre-parsed configuration 291 to stdout during server startup.</dd> 292 293 294 </dl> 295 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 296<div class="section"> 297<h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2> 298 299 <dl> 300 <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/fcgistarter.html">fcgistarter</a></code></dt> 301 <dd>New FastCGI deamon starter utility</dd> 302 303 <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code></dt> 304 <dd>Current cached URLs can now be listed, with optional metadata 305 included.</dd> 306 <dd>Allow explicit deletion of individual cached URLs from the 307 cache.</dd> 308 <dd>File sizes can now be rounded up to the given block size, making 309 the size limits map more closely to the real size on disk.</dd> 310 <dd>Cache size can now be limited by the number of inodes, instead 311 of or in addition to being limited by the size of the files on 312 disk.</dd> 313 314 <dt><code class="program"><a href="/programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a></code></dt> 315 <dd>May now create a link to the current log file.</dd> 316 <dd>May now invoke a custom post-rotate script.</dd> 317 </dl> 318 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 319<div class="section"> 320<h2><a name="documentation" id="documentation">Documentation</a></h2> 321 322 <dl> 323 <dt>mod_rewrite</dt> 324 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> documentation has been 325 rearranged and almost completely rewritten, with a focus on 326 examples and common usage, as well as on showing you when other 327 solutions are more appropriate. The <a href="rewrite/">Rewrite 328 Guide</a> is now a top-level section with much more detail and 329 better organization.</dd> 330 331 <dt>mod_ssl</dt> 332 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> documentation has been greatly 333 enhanced, with more examples at the getting started level, in 334 addition to the previous focus on technical details.</dd> 335 336 <dt>Caching Guide</dt> 337 <dd>The <a href="caching.html">Caching Guide</a> has been rewritten 338 to properly distinguish between the RFC2616 HTTP/1.1 caching 339 features provided by <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, and the generic 340 key/value caching provided by the <a href="socache.html">socache</a> 341 interface, as well as to cover specialised caching provided by 342 mechanisms such as <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_file_cache.html">mod_file_cache</a></code>.</dd> 343 344 </dl> 345 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 346<div class="section"> 347<h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2> 348 349 <dl> 350 <dt>Check Configuration Hook Added</dt> 351 352 <dd>A new hook, <code>check_config</code>, has been added which runs 353 between the <code>pre_config</code> and <code>open_logs</code> 354 hooks. It also runs before the <code>test_config</code> hook 355 when the <code>-t</code> option is passed to 356 <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. The <code>check_config</code> hook 357 allows modules to review interdependent configuration directive 358 values and adjust them while messages can still be logged to the 359 console. The user can thus be alerted to misconfiguration problems 360 before the core <code>open_logs</code> hook function redirects 361 console output to the error log.</dd> 362 363 <dt>Expression Parser Added</dt> 364 365 <dd>We now have a general-purpose expression parser, whose API is 366 exposed in <var>ap_expr.h</var>. This is adapted from the 367 expression parser previously implemented in 368 <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</dd> 369 370 <dt>Authorization Logic Containers</dt> 371 372 <dd>Authorization modules now register as a provider, via 373 ap_register_auth_provider(), to support advanced authorization logic, 374 such as <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd> 375 376 <dt>Small-Object Caching Interface</dt> 377 378 <dd>The <var>ap_socache.h</var> header exposes a provider-based 379 interface for caching small data objects, based on the previous 380 implementation of the <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> session cache. 381 Providers using a shared-memory cyclic buffer, disk-based dbm 382 files, and a memcache distributed cache are currently 383 supported.</dd> 384 385 <dt>Cache Status Hook Added</dt> 386 387 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> module now includes a new 388 <code>cache_status</code> hook, which is called when the caching 389 decision becomes known. A default implementation is provided 390 which adds an optional <code>X-Cache</code> and 391 <code>X-Cache-Detail</code> header to the response.</dd> 392 </dl> 393 394 <p>The developer documentation contains a 395 <a href="developer/new_api_2_4.html">detailed list of API changes</a>.</p> 396 </div></div> 397<div class="bottomlang"> 398<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English"> en </a> | 399<a href="/fr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 400<a href="/tr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 401</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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