1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 25<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> | 26<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 27<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 28<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 29<a href="/tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 30</div> 31 32 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p> 33 </div> 34<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li> 35<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li> 36<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li> 37<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li> 38</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 39<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 40<div class="section"> 41<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2> 42 43 44 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> 45 46 47 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on 48 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default, 49 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to 50 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected 51 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the 52 <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how 53 <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and 54 ports.</p> 55 56 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> 57 directive tells the server to accept 58 incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or 59 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is 60 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> 61 directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces. 62 If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen 63 on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to 64 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The 65 server will respond to requests from any of the listed 66 addresses and ports.</p> 67 68 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both 69 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p> 70 71 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80 72Listen 8000</pre> 73</div> 74 75 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface, 76 and port 8000 on another, use</p> 77 78 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80 79Listen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre> 80</div> 81 82 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the 83 following example:</p> 84 85 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre> 86</div> 87 88 <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a 89 fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p> 90 91 <div class="example"><p><code> 92 (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 93 </code></p></div> 94 95 <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the 96 discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p> 97 98</div> 99 100 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 101<div class="section"> 102<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2> 103 104 105 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and 106 <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms, 107 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent 108 over IPv6.</p> 109 110 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or 111 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6 112 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses 113 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most 114 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and 115 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those 116 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a 117 special <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior 118 for httpd.</p> 119 120 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the 121 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use 122 mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections 123 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6 124 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p> 125 126 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except 127 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was 128 built.</p> 129 130 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of 131 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all 132 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the 133 following examples:</p> 134 135 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80 136Listen 192.0.2.1:80</pre> 137</div> 138 139 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and 140 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped 141 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the 142 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p> 143 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 144<div class="section"> 145<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2> 146 147 <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of 148 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> 149 is not required for most 150 configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for 151 port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The 152 protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and 153 to apply protocol specific optimizations with the 154 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p> 155 156 <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard 157 ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p> 158 159 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre> 160</div> 161 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 162<div class="section"> 163<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2> 164 165 166 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement 167 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the 168 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no 169 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> 170 directives are used, the server will behave 171 in the same way for all accepted requests. However, 172 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> 173 can be used to specify a different behavior 174 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a 175 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the 176 address and port to be used. Then a 177 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section 178 should be created for the specified address and port to set the 179 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the 180 <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> 181 is set for an address and port that the 182 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p> 183 </div></div> 184<div class="bottomlang"> 185<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 186<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> | 187<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 188<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 189<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 190<a href="/tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 191</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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