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@(#)rune.3 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
$FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/locale/rune.3,v 1.22 2002/12/19 09:40:22 ru Exp $
.Dd October 6, 2002 .Dt RUNE 3 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm setrunelocale , .Nm setinvalidrune , .Nm sgetrune , .Nm sputrune , .Nm fgetrune , .Nm fungetrune , .Nm fputrune .Nd rune support for C .Sh LIBRARY .Lb libc .Sh SYNOPSIS n rune.h n errno.h .Ft int .Fn setrunelocale "char *locale" .Ft void .Fn setinvalidrune "rune_t rune" .Ft rune_t .Fn sgetrune "const char *string" "size_t n" "char const **result" .Ft int .Fn sputrune "rune_t rune" "char *string" "size_t n" "char **result"
p n stdio.h .Ft long .Fn fgetrune "FILE *stream" .Ft int .Fn fungetrune "rune_t rune" "FILE *stream" .Ft int .Fn fputrune "rune_t rune" "FILE *stream" .Sh DESCRIPTION f Em The x 4.4 .Dq rune functions have been deprecated in favour of the .Tn ISO C99 extended multibyte and wide character facilities and should not be used in new applications. .Ef Consider using .Xr setlocale 3 , .Xr mbrtowc 3 , .Xr wcrtomb 3 , .Xr fgetwc 3 , .Xr ungetwc 3 , and .Xr fputwc 3 instead.
p The .Fn setrunelocale controls the type of encoding used to represent runes as multibyte strings as well as the properties of the runes as defined in .Aq Pa ctype.h . The .Fa locale argument indicates which locale to load. If the locale is successfully loaded, .Dv 0 is returned, otherwise an errno value is returned to indicate the type of error.
p The .Fn setinvalidrune function sets the value of the global value .Dv _INVALID_RUNE to be .Fa rune .
p The .Fn sgetrune function tries to read a single multibyte character from .Fa string , which is at most .Fa n bytes long. If .Fn sgetrune is successful, the rune is returned. If .Fa result is not .Dv NULL , .Fa *result will point to the first byte which was not converted in .Fa string . If the first .Fa n bytes of .Fa string do not describe a full multibyte character, .Dv _INVALID_RUNE is returned and .Fa *result will point to .Fa string . If there is an encoding error at the start of .Fa string , .Dv _INVALID_RUNE is returned and .Fa *result will point to the second character of .Fa string .
p the .Fn sputrune function tries to encode .Fa rune as a multibyte string and store it at .Fa string , but no more than .Fa n bytes will be stored. If .Fa result is not .Dv NULL , .Fa *result will be set to point to the first byte in string following the new multibyte character. If .Fa string is .Dv NULL , .Fa *result will point to .Dv "(char *)0 +" .Fa x , where .Fa x is the number of bytes that would be needed to store the multibyte value. If the multibyte character would consist of more than .Fa n bytes and .Fa result is not .Dv NULL , .Fa *result will be set to .Dv NULL . In all cases, .Fn sputrune will return the number of bytes which would be needed to store .Fa rune as a multibyte character.
p The .Fn fgetrune function operates the same as .Fn sgetrune with the exception that it attempts to read enough bytes from .Fa stream to decode a single rune. It returns either .Dv EOF on end of file, .Dv _INVALID_RUNE on an encoding error, or the rune decoded if all went well.
p The .Fn fungetrune function pushes the multibyte encoding, as provided by .Fn sputrune , of .Fa rune onto .Fa stream such that the next .Fn fgetrune call will return .Fa rune . It returns .Dv EOF if it fails and .Dv 0 on success.
p The .Fn fputrune function writes the multibyte encoding of .Fa rune , as provided by .Fn sputrune , onto .Fa stream . It returns .Dv EOF on failure and .Dv 0 on success. .Sh RETURN VALUES The .Fn setrunelocale function returns one of the following values: l -tag -width Er t Er 0 The .Fn setrunelocale function was successful. t Bq Er EINVAL The .Fa locale name was incorrect. t Bq Er ENOENT The locale could not be found. t Bq Er EFTYPE The file found was not a valid file. .El
p The .Fn sgetrune function either returns the rune read or .Dv _INVALID_RUNE . The .Fn sputrune function returns the number of bytes needed to store .Fa rune as a multibyte string. .Sh FILES l -tag -width /usr/share/locale/locale/LC_CTYPE -compact t Pa $PATH_LOCALE/ Ns Em locale Ns /LC_CTYPE t Pa /usr/share/locale/ Ns Em locale Ns /LC_CTYPE binary LC_CTYPE file for the locale .Em locale . .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mbrune 3 , .Xr setlocale 3 , .Xr euc 4 , .Xr utf2 4 , .Xr utf8 5 .Sh HISTORY These functions first appeared in x 4.4 .
p
The
.Fn setrunelocale
function and the other non-ANSI rune functions were inspired by
.Sy "Plan 9 from Bell Labs" .
They were conceived at the San Diego 1993 Summer USENIX conference by
Paul Borman of Krystal Technologies, Keith Bostic of CSRG and Andrew Hume
of Bell Labs.