1/* 2 * CDDL HEADER START 3 * 4 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the 5 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 6 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 7 * 8 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE 9 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. 10 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions 11 * and limitations under the License. 12 * 13 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each 14 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. 15 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the 16 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying 17 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 18 * 19 * CDDL HEADER END 20 */ 21 22/* 23 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24 * Copyright (c) 2013 by Delphix. All rights reserved. 25 * Copyright (c) 2013, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 */ 27 28#include <sys/zfs_context.h> 29#include <sys/spa.h> 30#include <sys/vdev_impl.h> 31#ifdef illumos 32#include <sys/vdev_disk.h> 33#endif 34#include <sys/vdev_file.h> 35#include <sys/vdev_raidz.h> 36#include <sys/zio.h> 37#include <sys/zio_checksum.h> 38#include <sys/fs/zfs.h> 39#include <sys/fm/fs/zfs.h> 40#include <sys/bio.h> 41 42/* 43 * Virtual device vector for RAID-Z. 44 * 45 * This vdev supports single, double, and triple parity. For single parity, 46 * we use a simple XOR of all the data columns. For double or triple parity, 47 * we use a special case of Reed-Solomon coding. This extends the 48 * technique described in "The mathematics of RAID-6" by H. Peter Anvin by 49 * drawing on the system described in "A Tutorial on Reed-Solomon Coding for 50 * Fault-Tolerance in RAID-like Systems" by James S. Plank on which the 51 * former is also based. The latter is designed to provide higher performance 52 * for writes. 53 * 54 * Note that the Plank paper claimed to support arbitrary N+M, but was then 55 * amended six years later identifying a critical flaw that invalidates its 56 * claims. Nevertheless, the technique can be adapted to work for up to 57 * triple parity. For additional parity, the amendment "Note: Correction to 58 * the 1997 Tutorial on Reed-Solomon Coding" by James S. Plank and Ying Ding 59 * is viable, but the additional complexity means that write performance will 60 * suffer. 61 * 62 * All of the methods above operate on a Galois field, defined over the 63 * integers mod 2^N. In our case we choose N=8 for GF(8) so that all elements 64 * can be expressed with a single byte. Briefly, the operations on the 65 * field are defined as follows: 66 * 67 * o addition (+) is represented by a bitwise XOR 68 * o subtraction (-) is therefore identical to addition: A + B = A - B 69 * o multiplication of A by 2 is defined by the following bitwise expression: 70 * 71 * (A * 2)_7 = A_6 72 * (A * 2)_6 = A_5 73 * (A * 2)_5 = A_4 74 * (A * 2)_4 = A_3 + A_7 75 * (A * 2)_3 = A_2 + A_7 76 * (A * 2)_2 = A_1 + A_7 77 * (A * 2)_1 = A_0 78 * (A * 2)_0 = A_7 79 * 80 * In C, multiplying by 2 is therefore ((a << 1) ^ ((a & 0x80) ? 0x1d : 0)). 81 * As an aside, this multiplication is derived from the error correcting 82 * primitive polynomial x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1. 83 * 84 * Observe that any number in the field (except for 0) can be expressed as a 85 * power of 2 -- a generator for the field. We store a table of the powers of 86 * 2 and logs base 2 for quick look ups, and exploit the fact that A * B can 87 * be rewritten as 2^(log_2(A) + log_2(B)) (where '+' is normal addition rather 88 * than field addition). The inverse of a field element A (A^-1) is therefore 89 * A ^ (255 - 1) = A^254. 90 * 91 * The up-to-three parity columns, P, Q, R over several data columns, 92 * D_0, ... D_n-1, can be expressed by field operations: 93 * 94 * P = D_0 + D_1 + ... + D_n-2 + D_n-1 95 * Q = 2^n-1 * D_0 + 2^n-2 * D_1 + ... + 2^1 * D_n-2 + 2^0 * D_n-1 96 * = ((...((D_0) * 2 + D_1) * 2 + ...) * 2 + D_n-2) * 2 + D_n-1 97 * R = 4^n-1 * D_0 + 4^n-2 * D_1 + ... + 4^1 * D_n-2 + 4^0 * D_n-1 98 * = ((...((D_0) * 4 + D_1) * 4 + ...) * 4 + D_n-2) * 4 + D_n-1 99 * 100 * We chose 1, 2, and 4 as our generators because 1 corresponds to the trival 101 * XOR operation, and 2 and 4 can be computed quickly and generate linearly- 102 * independent coefficients. (There are no additional coefficients that have 103 * this property which is why the uncorrected Plank method breaks down.) 104 * 105 * See the reconstruction code below for how P, Q and R can used individually 106 * or in concert to recover missing data columns. 107 */ 108 109typedef struct raidz_col { 110 uint64_t rc_devidx; /* child device index for I/O */ 111 uint64_t rc_offset; /* device offset */ 112 uint64_t rc_size; /* I/O size */ 113 void *rc_data; /* I/O data */ 114 void *rc_gdata; /* used to store the "good" version */ 115 int rc_error; /* I/O error for this device */ 116 uint8_t rc_tried; /* Did we attempt this I/O column? */ 117 uint8_t rc_skipped; /* Did we skip this I/O column? */ 118} raidz_col_t; 119 120typedef struct raidz_map { 121 uint64_t rm_cols; /* Regular column count */ 122 uint64_t rm_scols; /* Count including skipped columns */ 123 uint64_t rm_bigcols; /* Number of oversized columns */ 124 uint64_t rm_asize; /* Actual total I/O size */ 125 uint64_t rm_missingdata; /* Count of missing data devices */ 126 uint64_t rm_missingparity; /* Count of missing parity devices */ 127 uint64_t rm_firstdatacol; /* First data column/parity count */ 128 uint64_t rm_nskip; /* Skipped sectors for padding */ 129 uint64_t rm_skipstart; /* Column index of padding start */ 130 void *rm_datacopy; /* rm_asize-buffer of copied data */ 131 uintptr_t rm_reports; /* # of referencing checksum reports */ 132 uint8_t rm_freed; /* map no longer has referencing ZIO */ 133 uint8_t rm_ecksuminjected; /* checksum error was injected */ 134 raidz_col_t rm_col[1]; /* Flexible array of I/O columns */ 135} raidz_map_t; 136 137#define VDEV_RAIDZ_P 0 138#define VDEV_RAIDZ_Q 1 139#define VDEV_RAIDZ_R 2 140 141#define VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(x) (((x) << 1) ^ (((x) & 0x80) ? 0x1d : 0)) 142#define VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_4(x) (VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(x))) 143 144/* 145 * We provide a mechanism to perform the field multiplication operation on a 146 * 64-bit value all at once rather than a byte at a time. This works by 147 * creating a mask from the top bit in each byte and using that to 148 * conditionally apply the XOR of 0x1d. 149 */ 150#define VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(x, mask) \ 151{ \ 152 (mask) = (x) & 0x8080808080808080ULL; \ 153 (mask) = ((mask) << 1) - ((mask) >> 7); \ 154 (x) = (((x) << 1) & 0xfefefefefefefefeULL) ^ \ 155 ((mask) & 0x1d1d1d1d1d1d1d1d); \ 156} 157 158#define VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(x, mask) \ 159{ \ 160 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2((x), mask); \ 161 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2((x), mask); \ 162} 163 164#define VDEV_LABEL_OFFSET(x) (x + VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE) 165 166/* 167 * Force reconstruction to use the general purpose method. 168 */ 169int vdev_raidz_default_to_general; 170 171/* Powers of 2 in the Galois field defined above. */ 172static const uint8_t vdev_raidz_pow2[256] = { 173 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 174 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcd, 0x87, 0x13, 0x26, 175 0x4c, 0x98, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xb4, 0x75, 0xea, 0xc9, 176 0x8f, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 177 0x9d, 0x27, 0x4e, 0x9c, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x35, 178 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb5, 0x77, 0xee, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0x23, 179 0x46, 0x8c, 0x05, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x28, 0x50, 0xa0, 180 0x5d, 0xba, 0x69, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x6f, 0xde, 0xa1, 181 0x5f, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 182 0x65, 0xca, 0x89, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x78, 0xf0, 183 0xfd, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0xd6, 0xb1, 0x7f, 184 0xfe, 0xe1, 0xdf, 0xa3, 0x5b, 0xb6, 0x71, 0xe2, 185 0xd9, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x86, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x88, 186 0x0d, 0x1a, 0x34, 0x68, 0xd0, 0xbd, 0x67, 0xce, 187 0x81, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0xed, 0xc7, 0x93, 188 0x3b, 0x76, 0xec, 0xc5, 0x97, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 189 0x85, 0x17, 0x2e, 0x5c, 0xb8, 0x6d, 0xda, 0xa9, 190 0x4f, 0x9e, 0x21, 0x42, 0x84, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x54, 191 0xa8, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x29, 0x52, 0xa4, 0x55, 0xaa, 192 0x49, 0x92, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xb7, 0x73, 193 0xe6, 0xd1, 0xbf, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x91, 0x3f, 0x7e, 194 0xfc, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xf6, 0xf1, 0xff, 195 0xe3, 0xdb, 0xab, 0x4b, 0x96, 0x31, 0x62, 0xc4, 196 0x95, 0x37, 0x6e, 0xdc, 0xa5, 0x57, 0xae, 0x41, 197 0x82, 0x19, 0x32, 0x64, 0xc8, 0x8d, 0x07, 0x0e, 198 0x1c, 0x38, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xdd, 0xa7, 0x53, 0xa6, 199 0x51, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xb2, 0x79, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0xef, 200 0xc3, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0x56, 0xac, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x09, 201 0x12, 0x24, 0x48, 0x90, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xf4, 0xf5, 202 0xf7, 0xf3, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0xcb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x16, 203 0x2c, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xe9, 0xcf, 0x83, 204 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xad, 0x47, 0x8e, 0x01 205}; 206/* Logs of 2 in the Galois field defined above. */ 207static const uint8_t vdev_raidz_log2[256] = { 208 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x19, 0x02, 0x32, 0x1a, 0xc6, 209 0x03, 0xdf, 0x33, 0xee, 0x1b, 0x68, 0xc7, 0x4b, 210 0x04, 0x64, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x34, 0x8d, 0xef, 0x81, 211 0x1c, 0xc1, 0x69, 0xf8, 0xc8, 0x08, 0x4c, 0x71, 212 0x05, 0x8a, 0x65, 0x2f, 0xe1, 0x24, 0x0f, 0x21, 213 0x35, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x12, 0x82, 0x45, 214 0x1d, 0xb5, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0x6a, 0x27, 0xf9, 0xb9, 215 0xc9, 0x9a, 0x09, 0x78, 0x4d, 0xe4, 0x72, 0xa6, 216 0x06, 0xbf, 0x8b, 0x62, 0x66, 0xdd, 0x30, 0xfd, 217 0xe2, 0x98, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x10, 0x91, 0x22, 0x88, 218 0x36, 0xd0, 0x94, 0xce, 0x8f, 0x96, 0xdb, 0xbd, 219 0xf1, 0xd2, 0x13, 0x5c, 0x83, 0x38, 0x46, 0x40, 220 0x1e, 0x42, 0xb6, 0xa3, 0xc3, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x6e, 221 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x28, 0x54, 0xfa, 0x85, 0xba, 0x3d, 222 0xca, 0x5e, 0x9b, 0x9f, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x79, 0x2b, 223 0x4e, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0xac, 0x73, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0x57, 224 0x07, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xf7, 0x8c, 0x80, 0x63, 0x0d, 225 0x67, 0x4a, 0xde, 0xed, 0x31, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x18, 226 0xe3, 0xa5, 0x99, 0x77, 0x26, 0xb8, 0xb4, 0x7c, 227 0x11, 0x44, 0x92, 0xd9, 0x23, 0x20, 0x89, 0x2e, 228 0x37, 0x3f, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x95, 0xbc, 0xcf, 0xcd, 229 0x90, 0x87, 0x97, 0xb2, 0xdc, 0xfc, 0xbe, 0x61, 230 0xf2, 0x56, 0xd3, 0xab, 0x14, 0x2a, 0x5d, 0x9e, 231 0x84, 0x3c, 0x39, 0x53, 0x47, 0x6d, 0x41, 0xa2, 232 0x1f, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xd8, 0xb7, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0x76, 233 0xc4, 0x17, 0x49, 0xec, 0x7f, 0x0c, 0x6f, 0xf6, 234 0x6c, 0xa1, 0x3b, 0x52, 0x29, 0x9d, 0x55, 0xaa, 235 0xfb, 0x60, 0x86, 0xb1, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0x3e, 0x5a, 236 0xcb, 0x59, 0x5f, 0xb0, 0x9c, 0xa9, 0xa0, 0x51, 237 0x0b, 0xf5, 0x16, 0xeb, 0x7a, 0x75, 0x2c, 0xd7, 238 0x4f, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xad, 0xe8, 239 0x74, 0xd6, 0xf4, 0xea, 0xa8, 0x50, 0x58, 0xaf, 240}; 241 242static void vdev_raidz_generate_parity(raidz_map_t *rm); 243 244/* 245 * Multiply a given number by 2 raised to the given power. 246 */ 247static uint8_t 248vdev_raidz_exp2(uint_t a, int exp) 249{ 250 if (a == 0) 251 return (0); 252 253 ASSERT(exp >= 0); 254 ASSERT(vdev_raidz_log2[a] > 0 || a == 1); 255 256 exp += vdev_raidz_log2[a]; 257 if (exp > 255) 258 exp -= 255; 259 260 return (vdev_raidz_pow2[exp]); 261} 262 263static void 264vdev_raidz_map_free(raidz_map_t *rm) 265{ 266 int c; 267 size_t size; 268 269 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++) { 270 if (rm->rm_col[c].rc_data != NULL) 271 zio_buf_free(rm->rm_col[c].rc_data, 272 rm->rm_col[c].rc_size); 273 274 if (rm->rm_col[c].rc_gdata != NULL) 275 zio_buf_free(rm->rm_col[c].rc_gdata, 276 rm->rm_col[c].rc_size); 277 } 278 279 size = 0; 280 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) 281 size += rm->rm_col[c].rc_size; 282 283 if (rm->rm_datacopy != NULL) 284 zio_buf_free(rm->rm_datacopy, size); 285 286 kmem_free(rm, offsetof(raidz_map_t, rm_col[rm->rm_scols])); 287} 288 289static void 290vdev_raidz_map_free_vsd(zio_t *zio) 291{ 292 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 293 294 ASSERT0(rm->rm_freed); 295 rm->rm_freed = 1; 296 297 if (rm->rm_reports == 0) 298 vdev_raidz_map_free(rm); 299} 300 301/*ARGSUSED*/ 302static void 303vdev_raidz_cksum_free(void *arg, size_t ignored) 304{ 305 raidz_map_t *rm = arg; 306 307 ASSERT3U(rm->rm_reports, >, 0); 308 309 if (--rm->rm_reports == 0 && rm->rm_freed != 0) 310 vdev_raidz_map_free(rm); 311} 312 313static void 314vdev_raidz_cksum_finish(zio_cksum_report_t *zcr, const void *good_data) 315{ 316 raidz_map_t *rm = zcr->zcr_cbdata; 317 size_t c = zcr->zcr_cbinfo; 318 size_t x; 319 320 const char *good = NULL; 321 const char *bad = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 322 323 if (good_data == NULL) { 324 zfs_ereport_finish_checksum(zcr, NULL, NULL, B_FALSE); 325 return; 326 } 327 328 if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 329 /* 330 * The first time through, calculate the parity blocks for 331 * the good data (this relies on the fact that the good 332 * data never changes for a given logical ZIO) 333 */ 334 if (rm->rm_col[0].rc_gdata == NULL) { 335 char *bad_parity[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 336 char *buf; 337 338 /* 339 * Set up the rm_col[]s to generate the parity for 340 * good_data, first saving the parity bufs and 341 * replacing them with buffers to hold the result. 342 */ 343 for (x = 0; x < rm->rm_firstdatacol; x++) { 344 bad_parity[x] = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 345 rm->rm_col[x].rc_data = rm->rm_col[x].rc_gdata = 346 zio_buf_alloc(rm->rm_col[x].rc_size); 347 } 348 349 /* fill in the data columns from good_data */ 350 buf = (char *)good_data; 351 for (; x < rm->rm_cols; x++) { 352 rm->rm_col[x].rc_data = buf; 353 buf += rm->rm_col[x].rc_size; 354 } 355 356 /* 357 * Construct the parity from the good data. 358 */ 359 vdev_raidz_generate_parity(rm); 360 361 /* restore everything back to its original state */ 362 for (x = 0; x < rm->rm_firstdatacol; x++) 363 rm->rm_col[x].rc_data = bad_parity[x]; 364 365 buf = rm->rm_datacopy; 366 for (x = rm->rm_firstdatacol; x < rm->rm_cols; x++) { 367 rm->rm_col[x].rc_data = buf; 368 buf += rm->rm_col[x].rc_size; 369 } 370 } 371 372 ASSERT3P(rm->rm_col[c].rc_gdata, !=, NULL); 373 good = rm->rm_col[c].rc_gdata; 374 } else { 375 /* adjust good_data to point at the start of our column */ 376 good = good_data; 377 378 for (x = rm->rm_firstdatacol; x < c; x++) 379 good += rm->rm_col[x].rc_size; 380 } 381 382 /* we drop the ereport if it ends up that the data was good */ 383 zfs_ereport_finish_checksum(zcr, good, bad, B_TRUE); 384} 385 386/* 387 * Invoked indirectly by zfs_ereport_start_checksum(), called 388 * below when our read operation fails completely. The main point 389 * is to keep a copy of everything we read from disk, so that at 390 * vdev_raidz_cksum_finish() time we can compare it with the good data. 391 */ 392static void 393vdev_raidz_cksum_report(zio_t *zio, zio_cksum_report_t *zcr, void *arg) 394{ 395 size_t c = (size_t)(uintptr_t)arg; 396 caddr_t buf; 397 398 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 399 size_t size; 400 401 /* set up the report and bump the refcount */ 402 zcr->zcr_cbdata = rm; 403 zcr->zcr_cbinfo = c; 404 zcr->zcr_finish = vdev_raidz_cksum_finish; 405 zcr->zcr_free = vdev_raidz_cksum_free; 406 407 rm->rm_reports++; 408 ASSERT3U(rm->rm_reports, >, 0); 409 410 if (rm->rm_datacopy != NULL) 411 return; 412 413 /* 414 * It's the first time we're called for this raidz_map_t, so we need 415 * to copy the data aside; there's no guarantee that our zio's buffer 416 * won't be re-used for something else. 417 * 418 * Our parity data is already in separate buffers, so there's no need 419 * to copy them. 420 */ 421 422 size = 0; 423 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) 424 size += rm->rm_col[c].rc_size; 425 426 buf = rm->rm_datacopy = zio_buf_alloc(size); 427 428 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 429 raidz_col_t *col = &rm->rm_col[c]; 430 431 bcopy(col->rc_data, buf, col->rc_size); 432 col->rc_data = buf; 433 434 buf += col->rc_size; 435 } 436 ASSERT3P(buf - (caddr_t)rm->rm_datacopy, ==, size); 437} 438 439static const zio_vsd_ops_t vdev_raidz_vsd_ops = { 440 vdev_raidz_map_free_vsd, 441 vdev_raidz_cksum_report 442}; 443 444/* 445 * Divides the IO evenly across all child vdevs; usually, dcols is 446 * the number of children in the target vdev. 447 */ 448static raidz_map_t * 449vdev_raidz_map_alloc(caddr_t data, uint64_t size, uint64_t offset, boolean_t dofree, 450 uint64_t unit_shift, uint64_t dcols, uint64_t nparity) 451{ 452 raidz_map_t *rm; 453 /* The starting RAIDZ (parent) vdev sector of the block. */ 454 uint64_t b = offset >> unit_shift; 455 /* The zio's size in units of the vdev's minimum sector size. */ 456 uint64_t s = size >> unit_shift; 457 /* The first column for this stripe. */ 458 uint64_t f = b % dcols; 459 /* The starting byte offset on each child vdev. */ 460 uint64_t o = (b / dcols) << unit_shift; 461 uint64_t q, r, c, bc, col, acols, scols, coff, devidx, asize, tot; 462 463 /* 464 * "Quotient": The number of data sectors for this stripe on all but 465 * the "big column" child vdevs that also contain "remainder" data. 466 */ 467 q = s / (dcols - nparity); 468 469 /* 470 * "Remainder": The number of partial stripe data sectors in this I/O. 471 * This will add a sector to some, but not all, child vdevs. 472 */ 473 r = s - q * (dcols - nparity); 474 475 /* The number of "big columns" - those which contain remainder data. */ 476 bc = (r == 0 ? 0 : r + nparity); 477 478 /* 479 * The total number of data and parity sectors associated with 480 * this I/O. 481 */ 482 tot = s + nparity * (q + (r == 0 ? 0 : 1)); 483 484 /* acols: The columns that will be accessed. */ 485 /* scols: The columns that will be accessed or skipped. */ 486 if (q == 0) { 487 /* Our I/O request doesn't span all child vdevs. */ 488 acols = bc; 489 scols = MIN(dcols, roundup(bc, nparity + 1)); 490 } else { 491 acols = dcols; 492 scols = dcols; 493 } 494 495 ASSERT3U(acols, <=, scols); 496 497 rm = kmem_alloc(offsetof(raidz_map_t, rm_col[scols]), KM_SLEEP); 498 499 rm->rm_cols = acols; 500 rm->rm_scols = scols; 501 rm->rm_bigcols = bc; 502 rm->rm_skipstart = bc; 503 rm->rm_missingdata = 0; 504 rm->rm_missingparity = 0; 505 rm->rm_firstdatacol = nparity; 506 rm->rm_datacopy = NULL; 507 rm->rm_reports = 0; 508 rm->rm_freed = 0; 509 rm->rm_ecksuminjected = 0; 510 511 asize = 0; 512 513 for (c = 0; c < scols; c++) { 514 col = f + c; 515 coff = o; 516 if (col >= dcols) { 517 col -= dcols; 518 coff += 1ULL << unit_shift; 519 } 520 rm->rm_col[c].rc_devidx = col; 521 rm->rm_col[c].rc_offset = coff; 522 rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = NULL; 523 rm->rm_col[c].rc_gdata = NULL; 524 rm->rm_col[c].rc_error = 0; 525 rm->rm_col[c].rc_tried = 0; 526 rm->rm_col[c].rc_skipped = 0; 527 528 if (c >= acols) 529 rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = 0; 530 else if (c < bc) 531 rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = (q + 1) << unit_shift; 532 else 533 rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = q << unit_shift; 534 535 asize += rm->rm_col[c].rc_size; 536 } 537 538 ASSERT3U(asize, ==, tot << unit_shift); 539 rm->rm_asize = roundup(asize, (nparity + 1) << unit_shift); 540 rm->rm_nskip = roundup(tot, nparity + 1) - tot; 541 ASSERT3U(rm->rm_asize - asize, ==, rm->rm_nskip << unit_shift); 542 ASSERT3U(rm->rm_nskip, <=, nparity); 543 544 if (!dofree) { 545 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++) { 546 rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = 547 zio_buf_alloc(rm->rm_col[c].rc_size); 548 } 549 550 rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = data; 551 552 for (c = c + 1; c < acols; c++) { 553 rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = 554 (char *)rm->rm_col[c - 1].rc_data + 555 rm->rm_col[c - 1].rc_size; 556 } 557 } 558 559 /* 560 * If all data stored spans all columns, there's a danger that parity 561 * will always be on the same device and, since parity isn't read 562 * during normal operation, that that device's I/O bandwidth won't be 563 * used effectively. We therefore switch the parity every 1MB. 564 * 565 * ... at least that was, ostensibly, the theory. As a practical 566 * matter unless we juggle the parity between all devices evenly, we 567 * won't see any benefit. Further, occasional writes that aren't a 568 * multiple of the LCM of the number of children and the minimum 569 * stripe width are sufficient to avoid pessimal behavior. 570 * Unfortunately, this decision created an implicit on-disk format 571 * requirement that we need to support for all eternity, but only 572 * for single-parity RAID-Z. 573 * 574 * If we intend to skip a sector in the zeroth column for padding 575 * we must make sure to note this swap. We will never intend to 576 * skip the first column since at least one data and one parity 577 * column must appear in each row. 578 */ 579 ASSERT(rm->rm_cols >= 2); 580 ASSERT(rm->rm_col[0].rc_size == rm->rm_col[1].rc_size); 581 582 if (rm->rm_firstdatacol == 1 && (offset & (1ULL << 20))) { 583 devidx = rm->rm_col[0].rc_devidx; 584 o = rm->rm_col[0].rc_offset; 585 rm->rm_col[0].rc_devidx = rm->rm_col[1].rc_devidx; 586 rm->rm_col[0].rc_offset = rm->rm_col[1].rc_offset; 587 rm->rm_col[1].rc_devidx = devidx; 588 rm->rm_col[1].rc_offset = o; 589 590 if (rm->rm_skipstart == 0) 591 rm->rm_skipstart = 1; 592 } 593 594 return (rm); 595} 596 597static void 598vdev_raidz_generate_parity_p(raidz_map_t *rm) 599{ 600 uint64_t *p, *src, pcount, ccount, i; 601 int c; 602 603 pcount = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 604 605 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 606 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 607 p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 608 ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 609 610 if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 611 ASSERT(ccount == pcount); 612 for (i = 0; i < ccount; i++, src++, p++) { 613 *p = *src; 614 } 615 } else { 616 ASSERT(ccount <= pcount); 617 for (i = 0; i < ccount; i++, src++, p++) { 618 *p ^= *src; 619 } 620 } 621 } 622} 623 624static void 625vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pq(raidz_map_t *rm) 626{ 627 uint64_t *p, *q, *src, pcnt, ccnt, mask, i; 628 int c; 629 630 pcnt = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 631 ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size == 632 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size); 633 634 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 635 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 636 p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 637 q = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data; 638 639 ccnt = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 640 641 if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 642 ASSERT(ccnt == pcnt || ccnt == 0); 643 for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) { 644 *p = *src; 645 *q = *src; 646 } 647 for (; i < pcnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) { 648 *p = 0; 649 *q = 0; 650 } 651 } else { 652 ASSERT(ccnt <= pcnt); 653 654 /* 655 * Apply the algorithm described above by multiplying 656 * the previous result and adding in the new value. 657 */ 658 for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) { 659 *p ^= *src; 660 661 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask); 662 *q ^= *src; 663 } 664 665 /* 666 * Treat short columns as though they are full of 0s. 667 * Note that there's therefore nothing needed for P. 668 */ 669 for (; i < pcnt; i++, q++) { 670 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask); 671 } 672 } 673 } 674} 675 676static void 677vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pqr(raidz_map_t *rm) 678{ 679 uint64_t *p, *q, *r, *src, pcnt, ccnt, mask, i; 680 int c; 681 682 pcnt = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 683 ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size == 684 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size); 685 ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size == 686 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_R].rc_size); 687 688 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 689 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 690 p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 691 q = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data; 692 r = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_R].rc_data; 693 694 ccnt = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 695 696 if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 697 ASSERT(ccnt == pcnt || ccnt == 0); 698 for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) { 699 *p = *src; 700 *q = *src; 701 *r = *src; 702 } 703 for (; i < pcnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) { 704 *p = 0; 705 *q = 0; 706 *r = 0; 707 } 708 } else { 709 ASSERT(ccnt <= pcnt); 710 711 /* 712 * Apply the algorithm described above by multiplying 713 * the previous result and adding in the new value. 714 */ 715 for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) { 716 *p ^= *src; 717 718 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask); 719 *q ^= *src; 720 721 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(*r, mask); 722 *r ^= *src; 723 } 724 725 /* 726 * Treat short columns as though they are full of 0s. 727 * Note that there's therefore nothing needed for P. 728 */ 729 for (; i < pcnt; i++, q++, r++) { 730 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask); 731 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(*r, mask); 732 } 733 } 734 } 735} 736 737/* 738 * Generate RAID parity in the first virtual columns according to the number of 739 * parity columns available. 740 */ 741static void 742vdev_raidz_generate_parity(raidz_map_t *rm) 743{ 744 switch (rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 745 case 1: 746 vdev_raidz_generate_parity_p(rm); 747 break; 748 case 2: 749 vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pq(rm); 750 break; 751 case 3: 752 vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pqr(rm); 753 break; 754 default: 755 cmn_err(CE_PANIC, "invalid RAID-Z configuration"); 756 } 757} 758 759static int 760vdev_raidz_reconstruct_p(raidz_map_t *rm, int *tgts, int ntgts) 761{ 762 uint64_t *dst, *src, xcount, ccount, count, i; 763 int x = tgts[0]; 764 int c; 765 766 ASSERT(ntgts == 1); 767 ASSERT(x >= rm->rm_firstdatacol); 768 ASSERT(x < rm->rm_cols); 769 770 xcount = rm->rm_col[x].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 771 ASSERT(xcount <= rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0])); 772 ASSERT(xcount > 0); 773 774 src = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 775 dst = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 776 for (i = 0; i < xcount; i++, dst++, src++) { 777 *dst = *src; 778 } 779 780 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 781 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 782 dst = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 783 784 if (c == x) 785 continue; 786 787 ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 788 count = MIN(ccount, xcount); 789 790 for (i = 0; i < count; i++, dst++, src++) { 791 *dst ^= *src; 792 } 793 } 794 795 return (1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_P); 796} 797 798static int 799vdev_raidz_reconstruct_q(raidz_map_t *rm, int *tgts, int ntgts) 800{ 801 uint64_t *dst, *src, xcount, ccount, count, mask, i; 802 uint8_t *b; 803 int x = tgts[0]; 804 int c, j, exp; 805 806 ASSERT(ntgts == 1); 807 808 xcount = rm->rm_col[x].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 809 ASSERT(xcount <= rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size / sizeof (src[0])); 810 811 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 812 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 813 dst = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 814 815 if (c == x) 816 ccount = 0; 817 else 818 ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]); 819 820 count = MIN(ccount, xcount); 821 822 if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 823 for (i = 0; i < count; i++, dst++, src++) { 824 *dst = *src; 825 } 826 for (; i < xcount; i++, dst++) { 827 *dst = 0; 828 } 829 830 } else { 831 for (i = 0; i < count; i++, dst++, src++) { 832 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*dst, mask); 833 *dst ^= *src; 834 } 835 836 for (; i < xcount; i++, dst++) { 837 VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*dst, mask); 838 } 839 } 840 } 841 842 src = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data; 843 dst = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 844 exp = 255 - (rm->rm_cols - 1 - x); 845 846 for (i = 0; i < xcount; i++, dst++, src++) { 847 *dst ^= *src; 848 for (j = 0, b = (uint8_t *)dst; j < 8; j++, b++) { 849 *b = vdev_raidz_exp2(*b, exp); 850 } 851 } 852 853 return (1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_Q); 854} 855 856static int 857vdev_raidz_reconstruct_pq(raidz_map_t *rm, int *tgts, int ntgts) 858{ 859 uint8_t *p, *q, *pxy, *qxy, *xd, *yd, tmp, a, b, aexp, bexp; 860 void *pdata, *qdata; 861 uint64_t xsize, ysize, i; 862 int x = tgts[0]; 863 int y = tgts[1]; 864 865 ASSERT(ntgts == 2); 866 ASSERT(x < y); 867 ASSERT(x >= rm->rm_firstdatacol); 868 ASSERT(y < rm->rm_cols); 869 870 ASSERT(rm->rm_col[x].rc_size >= rm->rm_col[y].rc_size); 871 872 /* 873 * Move the parity data aside -- we're going to compute parity as 874 * though columns x and y were full of zeros -- Pxy and Qxy. We want to 875 * reuse the parity generation mechanism without trashing the actual 876 * parity so we make those columns appear to be full of zeros by 877 * setting their lengths to zero. 878 */ 879 pdata = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 880 qdata = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data; 881 xsize = rm->rm_col[x].rc_size; 882 ysize = rm->rm_col[y].rc_size; 883 884 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data = 885 zio_buf_alloc(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size); 886 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data = 887 zio_buf_alloc(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size); 888 rm->rm_col[x].rc_size = 0; 889 rm->rm_col[y].rc_size = 0; 890 891 vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pq(rm); 892 893 rm->rm_col[x].rc_size = xsize; 894 rm->rm_col[y].rc_size = ysize; 895 896 p = pdata; 897 q = qdata; 898 pxy = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data; 899 qxy = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data; 900 xd = rm->rm_col[x].rc_data; 901 yd = rm->rm_col[y].rc_data; 902 903 /* 904 * We now have: 905 * Pxy = P + D_x + D_y 906 * Qxy = Q + 2^(ndevs - 1 - x) * D_x + 2^(ndevs - 1 - y) * D_y 907 * 908 * We can then solve for D_x: 909 * D_x = A * (P + Pxy) + B * (Q + Qxy) 910 * where 911 * A = 2^(x - y) * (2^(x - y) + 1)^-1 912 * B = 2^(ndevs - 1 - x) * (2^(x - y) + 1)^-1 913 * 914 * With D_x in hand, we can easily solve for D_y: 915 * D_y = P + Pxy + D_x 916 */ 917 918 a = vdev_raidz_pow2[255 + x - y]; 919 b = vdev_raidz_pow2[255 - (rm->rm_cols - 1 - x)]; 920 tmp = 255 - vdev_raidz_log2[a ^ 1]; 921 922 aexp = vdev_raidz_log2[vdev_raidz_exp2(a, tmp)]; 923 bexp = vdev_raidz_log2[vdev_raidz_exp2(b, tmp)]; 924 925 for (i = 0; i < xsize; i++, p++, q++, pxy++, qxy++, xd++, yd++) { 926 *xd = vdev_raidz_exp2(*p ^ *pxy, aexp) ^ 927 vdev_raidz_exp2(*q ^ *qxy, bexp); 928 929 if (i < ysize) 930 *yd = *p ^ *pxy ^ *xd; 931 } 932 933 zio_buf_free(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data, 934 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size); 935 zio_buf_free(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data, 936 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size); 937 938 /* 939 * Restore the saved parity data. 940 */ 941 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data = pdata; 942 rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data = qdata; 943 944 return ((1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_P) | (1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_Q)); 945} 946 947/* BEGIN CSTYLED */ 948/* 949 * In the general case of reconstruction, we must solve the system of linear 950 * equations defined by the coeffecients used to generate parity as well as 951 * the contents of the data and parity disks. This can be expressed with 952 * vectors for the original data (D) and the actual data (d) and parity (p) 953 * and a matrix composed of the identity matrix (I) and a dispersal matrix (V): 954 * 955 * __ __ __ __ 956 * | | __ __ | p_0 | 957 * | V | | D_0 | | p_m-1 | 958 * | | x | : | = | d_0 | 959 * | I | | D_n-1 | | : | 960 * | | ~~ ~~ | d_n-1 | 961 * ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 962 * 963 * I is simply a square identity matrix of size n, and V is a vandermonde 964 * matrix defined by the coeffecients we chose for the various parity columns 965 * (1, 2, 4). Note that these values were chosen both for simplicity, speedy 966 * computation as well as linear separability. 967 * 968 * __ __ __ __ 969 * | 1 .. 1 1 1 | | p_0 | 970 * | 2^n-1 .. 4 2 1 | __ __ | : | 971 * | 4^n-1 .. 16 4 1 | | D_0 | | p_m-1 | 972 * | 1 .. 0 0 0 | | D_1 | | d_0 | 973 * | 0 .. 0 0 0 | x | D_2 | = | d_1 | 974 * | : : : : | | : | | d_2 | 975 * | 0 .. 1 0 0 | | D_n-1 | | : | 976 * | 0 .. 0 1 0 | ~~ ~~ | : | 977 * | 0 .. 0 0 1 | | d_n-1 | 978 * ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 979 * 980 * Note that I, V, d, and p are known. To compute D, we must invert the 981 * matrix and use the known data and parity values to reconstruct the unknown 982 * data values. We begin by removing the rows in V|I and d|p that correspond 983 * to failed or missing columns; we then make V|I square (n x n) and d|p 984 * sized n by removing rows corresponding to unused parity from the bottom up 985 * to generate (V|I)' and (d|p)'. We can then generate the inverse of (V|I)' 986 * using Gauss-Jordan elimination. In the example below we use m=3 parity 987 * columns, n=8 data columns, with errors in d_1, d_2, and p_1: 988 * __ __ 989 * | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 990 * | 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 | <-----+-+-- missing disks 991 * | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 | / / 992 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | / / 993 * | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | <--' / 994 * (V|I) = | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | <---' 995 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 996 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 997 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 998 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 999 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1000 * ~~ ~~ 1001 * __ __ 1002 * | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1003 * | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 | 1004 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1005 * (V|I)' = | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1006 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1007 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1008 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1009 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1010 * ~~ ~~ 1011 * 1012 * Here we employ Gauss-Jordan elimination to find the inverse of (V|I)'. We 1013 * have carefully chosen the seed values 1, 2, and 4 to ensure that this 1014 * matrix is not singular. 1015 * __ __ 1016 * | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1017 * | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1018 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1019 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1020 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1021 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1022 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1023 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1024 * ~~ ~~ 1025 * __ __ 1026 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1027 * | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1028 * | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1029 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1030 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1031 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1032 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1033 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1034 * ~~ ~~ 1035 * __ __ 1036 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1037 * | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1038 * | 0 205 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 29 64 16 4 1 | 1039 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1040 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1041 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1042 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1043 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1044 * ~~ ~~ 1045 * __ __ 1046 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1047 * | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1048 * | 0 0 185 0 0 0 0 0 205 1 222 208 141 221 201 204 | 1049 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1050 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1051 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1052 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1053 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1054 * ~~ ~~ 1055 * __ __ 1056 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1057 * | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1058 * | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 | 1059 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1060 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1061 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1062 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1063 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1064 * ~~ ~~ 1065 * __ __ 1066 * | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1067 * | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 167 100 5 41 159 169 217 208 | 1068 * | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 | 1069 * | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1070 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1071 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1072 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1073 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1074 * ~~ ~~ 1075 * __ __ 1076 * | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1077 * | 167 100 5 41 159 169 217 208 | 1078 * | 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 | 1079 * (V|I)'^-1 = | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1080 * | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1081 * | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1082 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1083 * | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 1084 * ~~ ~~ 1085 * 1086 * We can then simply compute D = (V|I)'^-1 x (d|p)' to discover the values 1087 * of the missing data. 1088 * 1089 * As is apparent from the example above, the only non-trivial rows in the 1090 * inverse matrix correspond to the data disks that we're trying to 1091 * reconstruct. Indeed, those are the only rows we need as the others would 1092 * only be useful for reconstructing data known or assumed to be valid. For 1093 * that reason, we only build the coefficients in the rows that correspond to 1094 * targeted columns. 1095 */ 1096/* END CSTYLED */ 1097 1098static void 1099vdev_raidz_matrix_init(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmap, int *map, 1100 uint8_t **rows) 1101{ 1102 int i, j; 1103 int pow; 1104 1105 ASSERT(n == rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1106 1107 /* 1108 * Fill in the missing rows of interest. 1109 */ 1110 for (i = 0; i < nmap; i++) { 1111 ASSERT3S(0, <=, map[i]); 1112 ASSERT3S(map[i], <=, 2); 1113 1114 pow = map[i] * n; 1115 if (pow > 255) 1116 pow -= 255; 1117 ASSERT(pow <= 255); 1118 1119 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1120 pow -= map[i]; 1121 if (pow < 0) 1122 pow += 255; 1123 rows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_pow2[pow]; 1124 } 1125 } 1126} 1127 1128static void 1129vdev_raidz_matrix_invert(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmissing, int *missing, 1130 uint8_t **rows, uint8_t **invrows, const uint8_t *used) 1131{ 1132 int i, j, ii, jj; 1133 uint8_t log; 1134 1135 /* 1136 * Assert that the first nmissing entries from the array of used 1137 * columns correspond to parity columns and that subsequent entries 1138 * correspond to data columns. 1139 */ 1140 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1141 ASSERT3S(used[i], <, rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1142 } 1143 for (; i < n; i++) { 1144 ASSERT3S(used[i], >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1145 } 1146 1147 /* 1148 * First initialize the storage where we'll compute the inverse rows. 1149 */ 1150 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1151 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1152 invrows[i][j] = (i == j) ? 1 : 0; 1153 } 1154 } 1155 1156 /* 1157 * Subtract all trivial rows from the rows of consequence. 1158 */ 1159 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1160 for (j = nmissing; j < n; j++) { 1161 ASSERT3U(used[j], >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1162 jj = used[j] - rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1163 ASSERT3S(jj, <, n); 1164 invrows[i][j] = rows[i][jj]; 1165 rows[i][jj] = 0; 1166 } 1167 } 1168 1169 /* 1170 * For each of the rows of interest, we must normalize it and subtract 1171 * a multiple of it from the other rows. 1172 */ 1173 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1174 for (j = 0; j < missing[i]; j++) { 1175 ASSERT0(rows[i][j]); 1176 } 1177 ASSERT3U(rows[i][missing[i]], !=, 0); 1178 1179 /* 1180 * Compute the inverse of the first element and multiply each 1181 * element in the row by that value. 1182 */ 1183 log = 255 - vdev_raidz_log2[rows[i][missing[i]]]; 1184 1185 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1186 rows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_exp2(rows[i][j], log); 1187 invrows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_exp2(invrows[i][j], log); 1188 } 1189 1190 for (ii = 0; ii < nmissing; ii++) { 1191 if (i == ii) 1192 continue; 1193 1194 ASSERT3U(rows[ii][missing[i]], !=, 0); 1195 1196 log = vdev_raidz_log2[rows[ii][missing[i]]]; 1197 1198 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1199 rows[ii][j] ^= 1200 vdev_raidz_exp2(rows[i][j], log); 1201 invrows[ii][j] ^= 1202 vdev_raidz_exp2(invrows[i][j], log); 1203 } 1204 } 1205 } 1206 1207 /* 1208 * Verify that the data that is left in the rows are properly part of 1209 * an identity matrix. 1210 */ 1211 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1212 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1213 if (j == missing[i]) { 1214 ASSERT3U(rows[i][j], ==, 1); 1215 } else { 1216 ASSERT0(rows[i][j]); 1217 } 1218 } 1219 } 1220} 1221 1222static void 1223vdev_raidz_matrix_reconstruct(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmissing, 1224 int *missing, uint8_t **invrows, const uint8_t *used) 1225{ 1226 int i, j, x, cc, c; 1227 uint8_t *src; 1228 uint64_t ccount; 1229 uint8_t *dst[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1230 uint64_t dcount[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1231 uint8_t log = 0; 1232 uint8_t val; 1233 int ll; 1234 uint8_t *invlog[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1235 uint8_t *p, *pp; 1236 size_t psize; 1237 1238 psize = sizeof (invlog[0][0]) * n * nmissing; 1239 p = kmem_alloc(psize, KM_SLEEP); 1240 1241 for (pp = p, i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1242 invlog[i] = pp; 1243 pp += n; 1244 } 1245 1246 for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) { 1247 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { 1248 ASSERT3U(invrows[i][j], !=, 0); 1249 invlog[i][j] = vdev_raidz_log2[invrows[i][j]]; 1250 } 1251 } 1252 1253 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 1254 c = used[i]; 1255 ASSERT3U(c, <, rm->rm_cols); 1256 1257 src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data; 1258 ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size; 1259 for (j = 0; j < nmissing; j++) { 1260 cc = missing[j] + rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1261 ASSERT3U(cc, >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1262 ASSERT3U(cc, <, rm->rm_cols); 1263 ASSERT3U(cc, !=, c); 1264 1265 dst[j] = rm->rm_col[cc].rc_data; 1266 dcount[j] = rm->rm_col[cc].rc_size; 1267 } 1268 1269 ASSERT(ccount >= rm->rm_col[missing[0]].rc_size || i > 0); 1270 1271 for (x = 0; x < ccount; x++, src++) { 1272 if (*src != 0) 1273 log = vdev_raidz_log2[*src]; 1274 1275 for (cc = 0; cc < nmissing; cc++) { 1276 if (x >= dcount[cc]) 1277 continue; 1278 1279 if (*src == 0) { 1280 val = 0; 1281 } else { 1282 if ((ll = log + invlog[cc][i]) >= 255) 1283 ll -= 255; 1284 val = vdev_raidz_pow2[ll]; 1285 } 1286 1287 if (i == 0) 1288 dst[cc][x] = val; 1289 else 1290 dst[cc][x] ^= val; 1291 } 1292 } 1293 } 1294 1295 kmem_free(p, psize); 1296} 1297 1298static int 1299vdev_raidz_reconstruct_general(raidz_map_t *rm, int *tgts, int ntgts) 1300{ 1301 int n, i, c, t, tt; 1302 int nmissing_rows; 1303 int missing_rows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1304 int parity_map[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1305 1306 uint8_t *p, *pp; 1307 size_t psize; 1308 1309 uint8_t *rows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1310 uint8_t *invrows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1311 uint8_t *used; 1312 1313 int code = 0; 1314 1315 1316 n = rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1317 1318 /* 1319 * Figure out which data columns are missing. 1320 */ 1321 nmissing_rows = 0; 1322 for (t = 0; t < ntgts; t++) { 1323 if (tgts[t] >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 1324 missing_rows[nmissing_rows++] = 1325 tgts[t] - rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1326 } 1327 } 1328 1329 /* 1330 * Figure out which parity columns to use to help generate the missing 1331 * data columns. 1332 */ 1333 for (tt = 0, c = 0, i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; c++) { 1334 ASSERT(tt < ntgts); 1335 ASSERT(c < rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1336 1337 /* 1338 * Skip any targeted parity columns. 1339 */ 1340 if (c == tgts[tt]) { 1341 tt++; 1342 continue; 1343 } 1344 1345 code |= 1 << c; 1346 1347 parity_map[i] = c; 1348 i++; 1349 } 1350 1351 ASSERT(code != 0); 1352 ASSERT3U(code, <, 1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY); 1353 1354 psize = (sizeof (rows[0][0]) + sizeof (invrows[0][0])) * 1355 nmissing_rows * n + sizeof (used[0]) * n; 1356 p = kmem_alloc(psize, KM_SLEEP); 1357 1358 for (pp = p, i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; i++) { 1359 rows[i] = pp; 1360 pp += n; 1361 invrows[i] = pp; 1362 pp += n; 1363 } 1364 used = pp; 1365 1366 for (i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; i++) { 1367 used[i] = parity_map[i]; 1368 } 1369 1370 for (tt = 0, c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 1371 if (tt < nmissing_rows && 1372 c == missing_rows[tt] + rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 1373 tt++; 1374 continue; 1375 } 1376 1377 ASSERT3S(i, <, n); 1378 used[i] = c; 1379 i++; 1380 } 1381 1382 /* 1383 * Initialize the interesting rows of the matrix. 1384 */ 1385 vdev_raidz_matrix_init(rm, n, nmissing_rows, parity_map, rows); 1386 1387 /* 1388 * Invert the matrix. 1389 */ 1390 vdev_raidz_matrix_invert(rm, n, nmissing_rows, missing_rows, rows, 1391 invrows, used); 1392 1393 /* 1394 * Reconstruct the missing data using the generated matrix. 1395 */ 1396 vdev_raidz_matrix_reconstruct(rm, n, nmissing_rows, missing_rows, 1397 invrows, used); 1398 1399 kmem_free(p, psize); 1400 1401 return (code); 1402} 1403 1404static int 1405vdev_raidz_reconstruct(raidz_map_t *rm, int *t, int nt) 1406{ 1407 int tgts[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY], *dt; 1408 int ntgts; 1409 int i, c; 1410 int code; 1411 int nbadparity, nbaddata; 1412 int parity_valid[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1413 1414 /* 1415 * The tgts list must already be sorted. 1416 */ 1417 for (i = 1; i < nt; i++) { 1418 ASSERT(t[i] > t[i - 1]); 1419 } 1420 1421 nbadparity = rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1422 nbaddata = rm->rm_cols - nbadparity; 1423 ntgts = 0; 1424 for (i = 0, c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 1425 if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol) 1426 parity_valid[c] = B_FALSE; 1427 1428 if (i < nt && c == t[i]) { 1429 tgts[ntgts++] = c; 1430 i++; 1431 } else if (rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0) { 1432 tgts[ntgts++] = c; 1433 } else if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 1434 nbaddata--; 1435 } else { 1436 parity_valid[c] = B_TRUE; 1437 nbadparity--; 1438 } 1439 } 1440 1441 ASSERT(ntgts >= nt); 1442 ASSERT(nbaddata >= 0); 1443 ASSERT(nbaddata + nbadparity == ntgts); 1444 1445 dt = &tgts[nbadparity]; 1446 1447 /* 1448 * See if we can use any of our optimized reconstruction routines. 1449 */ 1450 if (!vdev_raidz_default_to_general) { 1451 switch (nbaddata) { 1452 case 1: 1453 if (parity_valid[VDEV_RAIDZ_P]) 1454 return (vdev_raidz_reconstruct_p(rm, dt, 1)); 1455 1456 ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol > 1); 1457 1458 if (parity_valid[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q]) 1459 return (vdev_raidz_reconstruct_q(rm, dt, 1)); 1460 1461 ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol > 2); 1462 break; 1463 1464 case 2: 1465 ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol > 1); 1466 1467 if (parity_valid[VDEV_RAIDZ_P] && 1468 parity_valid[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q]) 1469 return (vdev_raidz_reconstruct_pq(rm, dt, 2)); 1470 1471 ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol > 2); 1472 1473 break; 1474 } 1475 } 1476 1477 code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct_general(rm, tgts, ntgts); 1478 ASSERT(code < (1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY)); 1479 ASSERT(code > 0); 1480 return (code); 1481} 1482 1483static int 1484vdev_raidz_open(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t *asize, uint64_t *max_asize, 1485 uint64_t *logical_ashift, uint64_t *physical_ashift) 1486{ 1487 vdev_t *cvd; 1488 uint64_t nparity = vd->vdev_nparity; 1489 int c; 1490 int lasterror = 0; 1491 int numerrors = 0; 1492 1493 ASSERT(nparity > 0); 1494 1495 if (nparity > VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY || 1496 vd->vdev_children < nparity + 1) { 1497 vd->vdev_stat.vs_aux = VDEV_AUX_BAD_LABEL; 1498 return (SET_ERROR(EINVAL)); 1499 } 1500 1501 vdev_open_children(vd); 1502 1503 for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) { 1504 cvd = vd->vdev_child[c]; 1505 1506 if (cvd->vdev_open_error != 0) { 1507 lasterror = cvd->vdev_open_error; 1508 numerrors++; 1509 continue; 1510 } 1511 1512 *asize = MIN(*asize - 1, cvd->vdev_asize - 1) + 1; 1513 *max_asize = MIN(*max_asize - 1, cvd->vdev_max_asize - 1) + 1; 1514 *logical_ashift = MAX(*logical_ashift, cvd->vdev_ashift); 1515 *physical_ashift = MAX(*physical_ashift, 1516 cvd->vdev_physical_ashift); 1517 } 1518 1519 *asize *= vd->vdev_children; 1520 *max_asize *= vd->vdev_children; 1521 1522 if (numerrors > nparity) { 1523 vd->vdev_stat.vs_aux = VDEV_AUX_NO_REPLICAS; 1524 return (lasterror); 1525 } 1526 1527 return (0); 1528} 1529 1530static void 1531vdev_raidz_close(vdev_t *vd) 1532{ 1533 int c; 1534 1535 for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) 1536 vdev_close(vd->vdev_child[c]); 1537} 1538 1539#ifdef illumos 1540/* 1541 * Handle a read or write I/O to a RAID-Z dump device. 1542 * 1543 * The dump device is in a unique situation compared to other ZFS datasets: 1544 * writing to this device should be as simple and fast as possible. In 1545 * addition, durability matters much less since the dump will be extracted 1546 * once the machine reboots. For that reason, this function eschews parity for 1547 * performance and simplicity. The dump device uses the checksum setting 1548 * ZIO_CHECKSUM_NOPARITY to indicate that parity is not maintained for this 1549 * dataset. 1550 * 1551 * Blocks of size 128 KB have been preallocated for this volume. I/Os less than 1552 * 128 KB will not fill an entire block; in addition, they may not be properly 1553 * aligned. In that case, this function uses the preallocated 128 KB block and 1554 * omits reading or writing any "empty" portions of that block, as opposed to 1555 * allocating a fresh appropriately-sized block. 1556 * 1557 * Looking at an example of a 32 KB I/O to a RAID-Z vdev with 5 child vdevs: 1558 * 1559 * vdev_raidz_io_start(data, size: 32 KB, offset: 64 KB) 1560 * 1561 * If this were a standard RAID-Z dataset, a block of at least 40 KB would be 1562 * allocated which spans all five child vdevs. 8 KB of data would be written to 1563 * each of four vdevs, with the fifth containing the parity bits. 1564 * 1565 * parity data data data data 1566 * | PP | XX | XX | XX | XX | 1567 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1568 * | | | | | 1569 * 8 KB parity ------8 KB data blocks------ 1570 * 1571 * However, when writing to the dump device, the behavior is different: 1572 * 1573 * vdev_raidz_physio(data, size: 32 KB, offset: 64 KB) 1574 * 1575 * Unlike the normal RAID-Z case in which the block is allocated based on the 1576 * I/O size, reads and writes here always use a 128 KB logical I/O size. If the 1577 * I/O size is less than 128 KB, only the actual portions of data are written. 1578 * In this example the data is written to the third data vdev since that vdev 1579 * contains the offset [64 KB, 96 KB). 1580 * 1581 * parity data data data data 1582 * | | | | XX | | 1583 * ^ 1584 * | 1585 * 32 KB data block 1586 * 1587 * As a result, an individual I/O may not span all child vdevs; moreover, a 1588 * small I/O may only operate on a single child vdev. 1589 * 1590 * Note that since there are no parity bits calculated or written, this format 1591 * remains the same no matter how many parity bits are used in a normal RAID-Z 1592 * stripe. On a RAID-Z3 configuration with seven child vdevs, the example above 1593 * would look like: 1594 * 1595 * parity parity parity data data data data 1596 * | | | | | | XX | | 1597 * ^ 1598 * | 1599 * 32 KB data block 1600 */ 1601int 1602vdev_raidz_physio(vdev_t *vd, caddr_t data, size_t size, 1603 uint64_t offset, uint64_t origoffset, boolean_t doread, boolean_t isdump) 1604{ 1605 vdev_t *tvd = vd->vdev_top; 1606 vdev_t *cvd; 1607 raidz_map_t *rm; 1608 raidz_col_t *rc; 1609 int c, err = 0; 1610 1611 uint64_t start, end, colstart, colend; 1612 uint64_t coloffset, colsize, colskip; 1613 1614 int flags = doread ? BIO_READ : BIO_WRITE; 1615 1616#ifdef _KERNEL 1617 1618 /* 1619 * Don't write past the end of the block 1620 */ 1621 VERIFY3U(offset + size, <=, origoffset + SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE); 1622 1623 start = offset; 1624 end = start + size; 1625 1626 /* 1627 * Allocate a RAID-Z map for this block. Note that this block starts 1628 * from the "original" offset, this is, the offset of the extent which 1629 * contains the requisite offset of the data being read or written. 1630 * 1631 * Even if this I/O operation doesn't span the full block size, let's 1632 * treat the on-disk format as if the only blocks are the complete 128 1633 * KB size. 1634 */ 1635 rm = vdev_raidz_map_alloc(data - (offset - origoffset), 1636 SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE, origoffset, B_FALSE, tvd->vdev_ashift, vd->vdev_children, 1637 vd->vdev_nparity); 1638 1639 coloffset = origoffset; 1640 1641 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; 1642 c++, coloffset += rc->rc_size) { 1643 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1644 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1645 1646 /* 1647 * Find the start and end of this column in the RAID-Z map, 1648 * keeping in mind that the stated size and offset of the 1649 * operation may not fill the entire column for this vdev. 1650 * 1651 * If any portion of the data spans this column, issue the 1652 * appropriate operation to the vdev. 1653 */ 1654 if (coloffset + rc->rc_size <= start) 1655 continue; 1656 if (coloffset >= end) 1657 continue; 1658 1659 colstart = MAX(coloffset, start); 1660 colend = MIN(end, coloffset + rc->rc_size); 1661 colsize = colend - colstart; 1662 colskip = colstart - coloffset; 1663 1664 VERIFY3U(colsize, <=, rc->rc_size); 1665 VERIFY3U(colskip, <=, rc->rc_size); 1666 1667 /* 1668 * Note that the child vdev will have a vdev label at the start 1669 * of its range of offsets, hence the need for 1670 * VDEV_LABEL_OFFSET(). See zio_vdev_child_io() for another 1671 * example of why this calculation is needed. 1672 */ 1673 if ((err = vdev_disk_physio(cvd, 1674 ((char *)rc->rc_data) + colskip, colsize, 1675 VDEV_LABEL_OFFSET(rc->rc_offset) + colskip, 1676 flags, isdump)) != 0) 1677 break; 1678 } 1679 1680 vdev_raidz_map_free(rm); 1681#endif /* KERNEL */ 1682 1683 return (err); 1684} 1685#endif 1686 1687static uint64_t 1688vdev_raidz_asize(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t psize) 1689{ 1690 uint64_t asize; 1691 uint64_t ashift = vd->vdev_top->vdev_ashift; 1692 uint64_t cols = vd->vdev_children; 1693 uint64_t nparity = vd->vdev_nparity; 1694 1695 asize = ((psize - 1) >> ashift) + 1; 1696 asize += nparity * ((asize + cols - nparity - 1) / (cols - nparity)); 1697 asize = roundup(asize, nparity + 1) << ashift; 1698 1699 return (asize); 1700} 1701 1702static void 1703vdev_raidz_child_done(zio_t *zio) 1704{ 1705 raidz_col_t *rc = zio->io_private; 1706 1707 rc->rc_error = zio->io_error; 1708 rc->rc_tried = 1; 1709 rc->rc_skipped = 0; 1710} 1711 1712/* 1713 * Start an IO operation on a RAIDZ VDev 1714 * 1715 * Outline: 1716 * - For write operations: 1717 * 1. Generate the parity data 1718 * 2. Create child zio write operations to each column's vdev, for both 1719 * data and parity. 1720 * 3. If the column skips any sectors for padding, create optional dummy 1721 * write zio children for those areas to improve aggregation continuity. 1722 * - For read operations: 1723 * 1. Create child zio read operations to each data column's vdev to read 1724 * the range of data required for zio. 1725 * 2. If this is a scrub or resilver operation, or if any of the data 1726 * vdevs have had errors, then create zio read operations to the parity 1727 * columns' VDevs as well. 1728 */ 1729static int 1730vdev_raidz_io_start(zio_t *zio) 1731{ 1732 vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd; 1733 vdev_t *tvd = vd->vdev_top; 1734 vdev_t *cvd; 1735 raidz_map_t *rm; 1736 raidz_col_t *rc; 1737 int c, i; 1738 1739 rm = vdev_raidz_map_alloc(zio->io_data, zio->io_size, zio->io_offset, 1740 zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_FREE, 1741 tvd->vdev_ashift, vd->vdev_children, 1742 vd->vdev_nparity); 1743 1744 zio->io_vsd = rm; 1745 zio->io_vsd_ops = &vdev_raidz_vsd_ops; 1746 1747 ASSERT3U(rm->rm_asize, ==, vdev_psize_to_asize(vd, zio->io_size)); 1748 1749 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_FREE) { 1750 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 1751 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1752 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1753 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, cvd, 1754 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size, 1755 zio->io_type, zio->io_priority, 0, 1756 vdev_raidz_child_done, rc)); 1757 } 1758 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE); 1759 } 1760 1761 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE) { 1762 vdev_raidz_generate_parity(rm); 1763 1764 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 1765 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1766 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1767 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, cvd, 1768 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size, 1769 zio->io_type, zio->io_priority, 0, 1770 vdev_raidz_child_done, rc)); 1771 } 1772 1773 /* 1774 * Generate optional I/Os for any skipped sectors to improve 1775 * aggregation contiguity. 1776 */ 1777 for (c = rm->rm_skipstart, i = 0; i < rm->rm_nskip; c++, i++) { 1778 ASSERT(c <= rm->rm_scols); 1779 if (c == rm->rm_scols) 1780 c = 0; 1781 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1782 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1783 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, cvd, 1784 rc->rc_offset + rc->rc_size, NULL, 1785 1 << tvd->vdev_ashift, 1786 zio->io_type, zio->io_priority, 1787 ZIO_FLAG_NODATA | ZIO_FLAG_OPTIONAL, NULL, NULL)); 1788 } 1789 1790 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE); 1791 } 1792 1793 ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ); 1794 1795 /* 1796 * Iterate over the columns in reverse order so that we hit the parity 1797 * last -- any errors along the way will force us to read the parity. 1798 */ 1799 for (c = rm->rm_cols - 1; c >= 0; c--) { 1800 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1801 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1802 if (!vdev_readable(cvd)) { 1803 if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) 1804 rm->rm_missingdata++; 1805 else 1806 rm->rm_missingparity++; 1807 rc->rc_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO); 1808 rc->rc_tried = 1; /* don't even try */ 1809 rc->rc_skipped = 1; 1810 continue; 1811 } 1812 if (vdev_dtl_contains(cvd, DTL_MISSING, zio->io_txg, 1)) { 1813 if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) 1814 rm->rm_missingdata++; 1815 else 1816 rm->rm_missingparity++; 1817 rc->rc_error = SET_ERROR(ESTALE); 1818 rc->rc_skipped = 1; 1819 continue; 1820 } 1821 if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol || rm->rm_missingdata > 0 || 1822 (zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_SCRUB | ZIO_FLAG_RESILVER))) { 1823 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, cvd, 1824 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size, 1825 zio->io_type, zio->io_priority, 0, 1826 vdev_raidz_child_done, rc)); 1827 } 1828 } 1829 1830 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE); 1831} 1832 1833 1834/* 1835 * Report a checksum error for a child of a RAID-Z device. 1836 */ 1837static void 1838raidz_checksum_error(zio_t *zio, raidz_col_t *rc, void *bad_data) 1839{ 1840 vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 1841 1842 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE)) { 1843 zio_bad_cksum_t zbc; 1844 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 1845 1846 mutex_enter(&vd->vdev_stat_lock); 1847 vd->vdev_stat.vs_checksum_errors++; 1848 mutex_exit(&vd->vdev_stat_lock); 1849 1850 zbc.zbc_has_cksum = 0; 1851 zbc.zbc_injected = rm->rm_ecksuminjected; 1852 1853 zfs_ereport_post_checksum(zio->io_spa, vd, zio, 1854 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_size, rc->rc_data, bad_data, 1855 &zbc); 1856 } 1857} 1858 1859/* 1860 * We keep track of whether or not there were any injected errors, so that 1861 * any ereports we generate can note it. 1862 */ 1863static int 1864raidz_checksum_verify(zio_t *zio) 1865{ 1866 zio_bad_cksum_t zbc; 1867 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 1868 1869 int ret = zio_checksum_error(zio, &zbc); 1870 if (ret != 0 && zbc.zbc_injected != 0) 1871 rm->rm_ecksuminjected = 1; 1872 1873 return (ret); 1874} 1875 1876/* 1877 * Generate the parity from the data columns. If we tried and were able to 1878 * read the parity without error, verify that the generated parity matches the 1879 * data we read. If it doesn't, we fire off a checksum error. Return the 1880 * number such failures. 1881 */ 1882static int 1883raidz_parity_verify(zio_t *zio, raidz_map_t *rm) 1884{ 1885 void *orig[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1886 int c, ret = 0; 1887 raidz_col_t *rc; 1888 1889 blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp; 1890 enum zio_checksum checksum = (bp == NULL ? zio->io_prop.zp_checksum : 1891 (BP_IS_GANG(bp) ? ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER : BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp))); 1892 1893 if (checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_NOPARITY) 1894 return (ret); 1895 1896 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++) { 1897 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1898 if (!rc->rc_tried || rc->rc_error != 0) 1899 continue; 1900 orig[c] = zio_buf_alloc(rc->rc_size); 1901 bcopy(rc->rc_data, orig[c], rc->rc_size); 1902 } 1903 1904 vdev_raidz_generate_parity(rm); 1905 1906 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++) { 1907 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 1908 if (!rc->rc_tried || rc->rc_error != 0) 1909 continue; 1910 if (bcmp(orig[c], rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size) != 0) { 1911 raidz_checksum_error(zio, rc, orig[c]); 1912 rc->rc_error = SET_ERROR(ECKSUM); 1913 ret++; 1914 } 1915 zio_buf_free(orig[c], rc->rc_size); 1916 } 1917 1918 return (ret); 1919} 1920 1921/* 1922 * Keep statistics on all the ways that we used parity to correct data. 1923 */ 1924static uint64_t raidz_corrected[1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1925 1926static int 1927vdev_raidz_worst_error(raidz_map_t *rm) 1928{ 1929 int error = 0; 1930 1931 for (int c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) 1932 error = zio_worst_error(error, rm->rm_col[c].rc_error); 1933 1934 return (error); 1935} 1936 1937/* 1938 * Iterate over all combinations of bad data and attempt a reconstruction. 1939 * Note that the algorithm below is non-optimal because it doesn't take into 1940 * account how reconstruction is actually performed. For example, with 1941 * triple-parity RAID-Z the reconstruction procedure is the same if column 4 1942 * is targeted as invalid as if columns 1 and 4 are targeted since in both 1943 * cases we'd only use parity information in column 0. 1944 */ 1945static int 1946vdev_raidz_combrec(zio_t *zio, int total_errors, int data_errors) 1947{ 1948 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 1949 raidz_col_t *rc; 1950 void *orig[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 1951 int tstore[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY + 2]; 1952 int *tgts = &tstore[1]; 1953 int current, next, i, c, n; 1954 int code, ret = 0; 1955 1956 ASSERT(total_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol); 1957 1958 /* 1959 * This simplifies one edge condition. 1960 */ 1961 tgts[-1] = -1; 1962 1963 for (n = 1; n <= rm->rm_firstdatacol - total_errors; n++) { 1964 /* 1965 * Initialize the targets array by finding the first n columns 1966 * that contain no error. 1967 * 1968 * If there were no data errors, we need to ensure that we're 1969 * always explicitly attempting to reconstruct at least one 1970 * data column. To do this, we simply push the highest target 1971 * up into the data columns. 1972 */ 1973 for (c = 0, i = 0; i < n; i++) { 1974 if (i == n - 1 && data_errors == 0 && 1975 c < rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 1976 c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; 1977 } 1978 1979 while (rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0) { 1980 c++; 1981 ASSERT3S(c, <, rm->rm_cols); 1982 } 1983 1984 tgts[i] = c++; 1985 } 1986 1987 /* 1988 * Setting tgts[n] simplifies the other edge condition. 1989 */ 1990 tgts[n] = rm->rm_cols; 1991 1992 /* 1993 * These buffers were allocated in previous iterations. 1994 */ 1995 for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { 1996 ASSERT(orig[i] != NULL); 1997 } 1998 1999 orig[n - 1] = zio_buf_alloc(rm->rm_col[0].rc_size); 2000 2001 current = 0; 2002 next = tgts[current]; 2003 2004 while (current != n) { 2005 tgts[current] = next; 2006 current = 0; 2007 2008 /* 2009 * Save off the original data that we're going to 2010 * attempt to reconstruct. 2011 */ 2012 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 2013 ASSERT(orig[i] != NULL); 2014 c = tgts[i]; 2015 ASSERT3S(c, >=, 0); 2016 ASSERT3S(c, <, rm->rm_cols); 2017 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2018 bcopy(rc->rc_data, orig[i], rc->rc_size); 2019 } 2020 2021 /* 2022 * Attempt a reconstruction and exit the outer loop on 2023 * success. 2024 */ 2025 code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct(rm, tgts, n); 2026 if (raidz_checksum_verify(zio) == 0) { 2027 atomic_inc_64(&raidz_corrected[code]); 2028 2029 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 2030 c = tgts[i]; 2031 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2032 ASSERT(rc->rc_error == 0); 2033 if (rc->rc_tried) 2034 raidz_checksum_error(zio, rc, 2035 orig[i]); 2036 rc->rc_error = SET_ERROR(ECKSUM); 2037 } 2038 2039 ret = code; 2040 goto done; 2041 } 2042 2043 /* 2044 * Restore the original data. 2045 */ 2046 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 2047 c = tgts[i]; 2048 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2049 bcopy(orig[i], rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size); 2050 } 2051 2052 do { 2053 /* 2054 * Find the next valid column after the current 2055 * position.. 2056 */ 2057 for (next = tgts[current] + 1; 2058 next < rm->rm_cols && 2059 rm->rm_col[next].rc_error != 0; next++) 2060 continue; 2061 2062 ASSERT(next <= tgts[current + 1]); 2063 2064 /* 2065 * If that spot is available, we're done here. 2066 */ 2067 if (next != tgts[current + 1]) 2068 break; 2069 2070 /* 2071 * Otherwise, find the next valid column after 2072 * the previous position. 2073 */ 2074 for (c = tgts[current - 1] + 1; 2075 rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0; c++) 2076 continue; 2077 2078 tgts[current] = c; 2079 current++; 2080 2081 } while (current != n); 2082 } 2083 } 2084 n--; 2085done: 2086 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 2087 zio_buf_free(orig[i], rm->rm_col[0].rc_size); 2088 } 2089 2090 return (ret); 2091} 2092 2093/* 2094 * Complete an IO operation on a RAIDZ VDev 2095 * 2096 * Outline: 2097 * - For write operations: 2098 * 1. Check for errors on the child IOs. 2099 * 2. Return, setting an error code if too few child VDevs were written 2100 * to reconstruct the data later. Note that partial writes are 2101 * considered successful if they can be reconstructed at all. 2102 * - For read operations: 2103 * 1. Check for errors on the child IOs. 2104 * 2. If data errors occurred: 2105 * a. Try to reassemble the data from the parity available. 2106 * b. If we haven't yet read the parity drives, read them now. 2107 * c. If all parity drives have been read but the data still doesn't 2108 * reassemble with a correct checksum, then try combinatorial 2109 * reconstruction. 2110 * d. If that doesn't work, return an error. 2111 * 3. If there were unexpected errors or this is a resilver operation, 2112 * rewrite the vdevs that had errors. 2113 */ 2114static void 2115vdev_raidz_io_done(zio_t *zio) 2116{ 2117 vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd; 2118 vdev_t *cvd; 2119 raidz_map_t *rm = zio->io_vsd; 2120 raidz_col_t *rc; 2121 int unexpected_errors = 0; 2122 int parity_errors = 0; 2123 int parity_untried = 0; 2124 int data_errors = 0; 2125 int total_errors = 0; 2126 int n, c; 2127 int tgts[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY]; 2128 int code; 2129 2130 ASSERT(zio->io_bp != NULL); /* XXX need to add code to enforce this */ 2131 2132 ASSERT(rm->rm_missingparity <= rm->rm_firstdatacol); 2133 ASSERT(rm->rm_missingdata <= rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol); 2134 2135 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 2136 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2137 2138 if (rc->rc_error) { 2139 ASSERT(rc->rc_error != ECKSUM); /* child has no bp */ 2140 2141 if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol) 2142 parity_errors++; 2143 else 2144 data_errors++; 2145 2146 if (!rc->rc_skipped) 2147 unexpected_errors++; 2148 2149 total_errors++; 2150 } else if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol && !rc->rc_tried) { 2151 parity_untried++; 2152 } 2153 } 2154 2155 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE) { 2156 /* 2157 * XXX -- for now, treat partial writes as a success. 2158 * (If we couldn't write enough columns to reconstruct 2159 * the data, the I/O failed. Otherwise, good enough.) 2160 * 2161 * Now that we support write reallocation, it would be better 2162 * to treat partial failure as real failure unless there are 2163 * no non-degraded top-level vdevs left, and not update DTLs 2164 * if we intend to reallocate. 2165 */ 2166 /* XXPOLICY */ 2167 if (total_errors > rm->rm_firstdatacol) 2168 zio->io_error = vdev_raidz_worst_error(rm); 2169 2170 return; 2171 } else if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_FREE) { 2172 return; 2173 } 2174 2175 ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ); 2176 /* 2177 * There are three potential phases for a read: 2178 * 1. produce valid data from the columns read 2179 * 2. read all disks and try again 2180 * 3. perform combinatorial reconstruction 2181 * 2182 * Each phase is progressively both more expensive and less likely to 2183 * occur. If we encounter more errors than we can repair or all phases 2184 * fail, we have no choice but to return an error. 2185 */ 2186 2187 /* 2188 * If the number of errors we saw was correctable -- less than or equal 2189 * to the number of parity disks read -- attempt to produce data that 2190 * has a valid checksum. Naturally, this case applies in the absence of 2191 * any errors. 2192 */ 2193 if (total_errors <= rm->rm_firstdatacol - parity_untried) { 2194 if (data_errors == 0) { 2195 if (raidz_checksum_verify(zio) == 0) { 2196 /* 2197 * If we read parity information (unnecessarily 2198 * as it happens since no reconstruction was 2199 * needed) regenerate and verify the parity. 2200 * We also regenerate parity when resilvering 2201 * so we can write it out to the failed device 2202 * later. 2203 */ 2204 if (parity_errors + parity_untried < 2205 rm->rm_firstdatacol || 2206 (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_RESILVER)) { 2207 n = raidz_parity_verify(zio, rm); 2208 unexpected_errors += n; 2209 ASSERT(parity_errors + n <= 2210 rm->rm_firstdatacol); 2211 } 2212 goto done; 2213 } 2214 } else { 2215 /* 2216 * We either attempt to read all the parity columns or 2217 * none of them. If we didn't try to read parity, we 2218 * wouldn't be here in the correctable case. There must 2219 * also have been fewer parity errors than parity 2220 * columns or, again, we wouldn't be in this code path. 2221 */ 2222 ASSERT(parity_untried == 0); 2223 ASSERT(parity_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol); 2224 2225 /* 2226 * Identify the data columns that reported an error. 2227 */ 2228 n = 0; 2229 for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 2230 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2231 if (rc->rc_error != 0) { 2232 ASSERT(n < VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY); 2233 tgts[n++] = c; 2234 } 2235 } 2236 2237 ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol >= n); 2238 2239 code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct(rm, tgts, n); 2240 2241 if (raidz_checksum_verify(zio) == 0) { 2242 atomic_inc_64(&raidz_corrected[code]); 2243 2244 /* 2245 * If we read more parity disks than were used 2246 * for reconstruction, confirm that the other 2247 * parity disks produced correct data. This 2248 * routine is suboptimal in that it regenerates 2249 * the parity that we already used in addition 2250 * to the parity that we're attempting to 2251 * verify, but this should be a relatively 2252 * uncommon case, and can be optimized if it 2253 * becomes a problem. Note that we regenerate 2254 * parity when resilvering so we can write it 2255 * out to failed devices later. 2256 */ 2257 if (parity_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol - n || 2258 (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_RESILVER)) { 2259 n = raidz_parity_verify(zio, rm); 2260 unexpected_errors += n; 2261 ASSERT(parity_errors + n <= 2262 rm->rm_firstdatacol); 2263 } 2264 2265 goto done; 2266 } 2267 } 2268 } 2269 2270 /* 2271 * This isn't a typical situation -- either we got a read error or 2272 * a child silently returned bad data. Read every block so we can 2273 * try again with as much data and parity as we can track down. If 2274 * we've already been through once before, all children will be marked 2275 * as tried so we'll proceed to combinatorial reconstruction. 2276 */ 2277 unexpected_errors = 1; 2278 rm->rm_missingdata = 0; 2279 rm->rm_missingparity = 0; 2280 2281 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 2282 if (rm->rm_col[c].rc_tried) 2283 continue; 2284 2285 zio_vdev_io_redone(zio); 2286 do { 2287 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2288 if (rc->rc_tried) 2289 continue; 2290 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, 2291 vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx], 2292 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size, 2293 zio->io_type, zio->io_priority, 0, 2294 vdev_raidz_child_done, rc)); 2295 } while (++c < rm->rm_cols); 2296 2297 return; 2298 } 2299 2300 /* 2301 * At this point we've attempted to reconstruct the data given the 2302 * errors we detected, and we've attempted to read all columns. There 2303 * must, therefore, be one or more additional problems -- silent errors 2304 * resulting in invalid data rather than explicit I/O errors resulting 2305 * in absent data. We check if there is enough additional data to 2306 * possibly reconstruct the data and then perform combinatorial 2307 * reconstruction over all possible combinations. If that fails, 2308 * we're cooked. 2309 */ 2310 if (total_errors > rm->rm_firstdatacol) { 2311 zio->io_error = vdev_raidz_worst_error(rm); 2312 2313 } else if (total_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol && 2314 (code = vdev_raidz_combrec(zio, total_errors, data_errors)) != 0) { 2315 /* 2316 * If we didn't use all the available parity for the 2317 * combinatorial reconstruction, verify that the remaining 2318 * parity is correct. 2319 */ 2320 if (code != (1 << rm->rm_firstdatacol) - 1) 2321 (void) raidz_parity_verify(zio, rm); 2322 } else { 2323 /* 2324 * We're here because either: 2325 * 2326 * total_errors == rm_first_datacol, or 2327 * vdev_raidz_combrec() failed 2328 * 2329 * In either case, there is enough bad data to prevent 2330 * reconstruction. 2331 * 2332 * Start checksum ereports for all children which haven't 2333 * failed, and the IO wasn't speculative. 2334 */ 2335 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ECKSUM); 2336 2337 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE)) { 2338 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 2339 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2340 if (rc->rc_error == 0) { 2341 zio_bad_cksum_t zbc; 2342 zbc.zbc_has_cksum = 0; 2343 zbc.zbc_injected = 2344 rm->rm_ecksuminjected; 2345 2346 zfs_ereport_start_checksum( 2347 zio->io_spa, 2348 vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx], 2349 zio, rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_size, 2350 (void *)(uintptr_t)c, &zbc); 2351 } 2352 } 2353 } 2354 } 2355 2356done: 2357 zio_checksum_verified(zio); 2358 2359 if (zio->io_error == 0 && spa_writeable(zio->io_spa) && 2360 (unexpected_errors || (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_RESILVER))) { 2361 /* 2362 * Use the good data we have in hand to repair damaged children. 2363 */ 2364 for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) { 2365 rc = &rm->rm_col[c]; 2366 cvd = vd->vdev_child[rc->rc_devidx]; 2367 2368 if (rc->rc_error == 0) 2369 continue; 2370 2371 zio_nowait(zio_vdev_child_io(zio, NULL, cvd, 2372 rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size, 2373 ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, ZIO_PRIORITY_ASYNC_WRITE, 2374 ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR | (unexpected_errors ? 2375 ZIO_FLAG_SELF_HEAL : 0), NULL, NULL)); 2376 } 2377 } 2378} 2379 2380static void 2381vdev_raidz_state_change(vdev_t *vd, int faulted, int degraded) 2382{ 2383 if (faulted > vd->vdev_nparity) 2384 vdev_set_state(vd, B_FALSE, VDEV_STATE_CANT_OPEN, 2385 VDEV_AUX_NO_REPLICAS); 2386 else if (degraded + faulted != 0) 2387 vdev_set_state(vd, B_FALSE, VDEV_STATE_DEGRADED, VDEV_AUX_NONE); 2388 else 2389 vdev_set_state(vd, B_FALSE, VDEV_STATE_HEALTHY, VDEV_AUX_NONE); 2390} 2391 2392vdev_ops_t vdev_raidz_ops = { 2393 vdev_raidz_open, 2394 vdev_raidz_close, 2395 vdev_raidz_asize, 2396 vdev_raidz_io_start, 2397 vdev_raidz_io_done, 2398 vdev_raidz_state_change, 2399 NULL, 2400 NULL, 2401 VDEV_TYPE_RAIDZ, /* name of this vdev type */ 2402 B_FALSE /* not a leaf vdev */ 2403}; 2404