ping.c revision 99446
1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Mike Muuss.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 *    without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 */
36
37#ifndef lint
38static const char copyright[] =
39"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41#endif /* not lint */
42
43#ifndef lint
44#if 0
45static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
46#endif
47static const char rcsid[] =
48  "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/ping/ping.c 99446 2002-07-05 11:47:33Z maxim $";
49#endif /* not lint */
50
51/*
52 *			P I N G . C
53 *
54 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
55 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
56 *
57 * Author -
58 *	Mike Muuss
59 *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
60 *	December, 1983
61 *
62 * Status -
63 *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
64 * Bugs -
65 *	More statistics could always be gathered.
66 *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
67 */
68
69#include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
70
71#include <ctype.h>
72#include <err.h>
73#include <errno.h>
74#include <math.h>
75#include <netdb.h>
76#include <signal.h>
77#include <stdio.h>
78#include <stdlib.h>
79#include <string.h>
80#include <sysexits.h>
81#include <termios.h>
82#include <unistd.h>
83
84#include <sys/socket.h>
85#include <sys/time.h>
86#include <sys/uio.h>
87
88#include <netinet/in.h>
89#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
90#include <netinet/ip.h>
91#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
92#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
93#include <arpa/inet.h>
94
95#ifdef IPSEC
96#include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
97#endif /*IPSEC*/
98
99#define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
100#define	PHDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct timeval))
101#define	DEFDATALEN	(64 - PHDR_LEN)	/* default data length */
102#define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
103					/* runs out of buffer space */
104#define	MAXIPLEN	60
105#define	MAXICMPLEN	76
106#define	MAXPACKET	(65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
107#define	MAXWAIT		10		/* max seconds to wait for response */
108#define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
109#define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
110
111#define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
112#define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
113#define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
114#define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
115#define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
116
117/* various options */
118int options;
119#define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
120#define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
121#define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
122#define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
123#define	F_QUIET		0x0010
124#define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
125#define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
126#define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
127#define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
128#define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
129#define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
130#define	F_MTTL		0x0800
131#define	F_MIF		0x1000
132#define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
133#ifdef IPSEC
134#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
135#define F_POLICY	0x4000
136#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
137#endif /*IPSEC*/
138#define	F_TTL		0x8000
139#define	F_MISSED	0x10000
140
141/*
142 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
143 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
144 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
145 */
146#define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
147int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
148char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
149
150struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
151int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
152int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
153u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
154char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
155char BBELL = '\a';		/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
156char DOT = '.';
157char *hostname;
158char *shostname;
159int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
160int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
161
162/* counters */
163long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
164long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
165long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
166long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
167long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
168int interval = 1000;		/* interval between packets, ms */
169
170/* timing */
171int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
172double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
173double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
174double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
175double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
176
177volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
178int reset_kerninfo;
179volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
180
181static void fill(char *, char *);
182static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
183static void check_status(void);
184static void finish(void) __dead2;
185static void pinger(void);
186static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
187static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
188static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
189static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
190static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
191static void status(int);
192static void stopit(int);
193static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
194static void usage(void) __dead2;
195
196int
197main(argc, argv)
198	int argc;
199	char *const *argv;
200{
201	struct in_addr ifaddr;
202	struct iovec iov;
203	struct msghdr msg;
204	struct sigaction si_sa;
205	struct sockaddr_in from, sin;
206	struct termios ts;
207	struct timeval last, intvl;
208	struct hostent *hp;
209	struct sockaddr_in *to;
210	double t;
211	u_char *datap, *packet;
212	char *ep, *source, *target;
213#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
214	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
215#endif
216	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
217	int ch, hold, i, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0, ttl;
218	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
219	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
220#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
221	char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];	/* record route space */
222#endif
223	unsigned char mttl, loop;
224
225	source = NULL;
226#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
227	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
228#endif
229
230	/*
231	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
232	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
233	 * after arg parsing.
234	 */
235	s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
236	sockerrno = errno;
237
238	setuid(getuid());
239	uid = getuid();
240
241	alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
242
243	datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
244	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
245		"AI:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:m:np:qrs:t:v"
246#ifdef IPSEC
247#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
248		"P:"
249#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
250#endif /*IPSEC*/
251		)) != -1)
252	{
253		switch(ch) {
254		case 'A':
255			options |= F_MISSED;
256			break;
257		case 'a':
258			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
259			break;
260		case 'c':
261			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
262			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
263				errx(EX_USAGE,
264				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
265				    optarg);
266			npackets = ultmp;
267			break;
268		case 'd':
269			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
270			break;
271		case 'f':
272			if (uid) {
273				errno = EPERM;
274				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
275			}
276			options |= F_FLOOD;
277			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
278			break;
279		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
280			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
281			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
282				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
283				    optarg);
284			options |= F_INTERVAL;
285			interval = (int)t;
286			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
287				errno = EPERM;
288				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
289			}
290			break;
291		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
292			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
293				errx(EX_USAGE,
294				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
295				    optarg);
296			options |= F_MIF;
297			break;
298		case 'l':
299			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
300			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
301				errx(EX_USAGE,
302				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
303			if (uid) {
304				errno = EPERM;
305				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
306			}
307			preload = ultmp;
308			break;
309		case 'L':
310			options |= F_NOLOOP;
311			loop = 0;
312			break;
313		case 'm':		/* TTL */
314			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
315			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
316				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
317			ttl = ultmp;
318			options |= F_TTL;
319			break;
320		case 'n':
321			options |= F_NUMERIC;
322			break;
323		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
324			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
325			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
326				break;
327		case 'Q':
328			options |= F_QUIET2;
329			break;
330		case 'q':
331			options |= F_QUIET;
332			break;
333		case 'R':
334			options |= F_RROUTE;
335			break;
336		case 'r':
337			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
338			break;
339		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
340			if (uid) {
341				errno = EPERM;
342				err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag");
343			}
344			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
345			if (ultmp > MAXPACKET)
346				errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu",
347				    ultmp);
348			if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp)
349				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
350				    optarg);
351			datalen = ultmp;
352			break;
353		case 'S':
354			source = optarg;
355			break;
356		case 't':
357			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
358			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
359				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
360				    optarg);
361			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
362				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
363				    optarg, MAXALARM);
364			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
365			break;
366		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
367			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
368			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
369				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
370				    optarg);
371			mttl = ultmp;
372			options |= F_MTTL;
373			break;
374		case 'v':
375			options |= F_VERBOSE;
376			break;
377#ifdef IPSEC
378#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
379		case 'P':
380			options |= F_POLICY;
381			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
382				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
383			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
384				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
385			else
386				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
387			break;
388#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
389#endif /*IPSEC*/
390		default:
391			usage();
392		}
393	}
394
395	if (argc - optind != 1)
396		usage();
397	target = argv[optind];
398
399	if (source) {
400		bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
401		sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
402		if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) {
403			shostname = source;
404		} else {
405			hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
406			if (!hp)
407				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
408				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
409
410			sin.sin_len = sizeof sin;
411			if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr))
412				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
413			memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
414			    sizeof(sin.sin_addr));
415			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
416			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
417			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
418			shostname = snamebuf;
419		}
420		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1)
421			err(1, "bind");
422	}
423
424	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
425	to = &whereto;
426	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
427	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
428	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
429		hostname = target;
430	} else {
431		hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
432		if (!hp)
433			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
434			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
435
436		if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
437			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
438		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
439		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
440		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
441		hostname = hnamebuf;
442	}
443
444	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
445		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
446
447	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
448		errx(EX_USAGE,
449		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
450	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
451	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
452		errx(EX_USAGE,
453		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
454
455	if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
456		timing = 1;
457	packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
458	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen)))
459		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc");
460
461	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
462		for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
463			*datap++ = i;
464
465	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
466
467	if (s < 0) {
468		errno = sockerrno;
469		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
470	}
471	hold = 1;
472	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
473		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
474		    sizeof(hold));
475	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
476		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
477		    sizeof(hold));
478#ifdef IPSEC
479#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
480	if (options & F_POLICY) {
481		char *buf;
482		if (policy_in != NULL) {
483			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
484			if (buf == NULL)
485				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
486			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
487					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
488				err(EX_CONFIG,
489				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
490			free(buf);
491		}
492
493		if (policy_out != NULL) {
494			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
495			if (buf == NULL)
496				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
497			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
498					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
499				err(EX_CONFIG,
500				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
501			free(buf);
502		}
503	}
504#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
505#endif /*IPSEC*/
506
507	/* record route option */
508	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
509#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
510		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
511		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
512		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
513		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
514		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
515		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
516		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
517			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
518#else
519		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
520		    "record route not available in this implementation");
521#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
522	}
523
524	if (options & F_TTL) {
525		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
526		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
527			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
528		}
529	}
530	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
531		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
532		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
533			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
534		}
535	}
536	if (options & F_MTTL) {
537		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
538		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
539			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
540		}
541	}
542	if (options & F_MIF) {
543		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
544		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
545			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
546		}
547	}
548#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
549	{ int on = 1;
550	if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
551		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
552	}
553#endif
554
555	/*
556	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
557	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
558	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
559	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
560	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
561	 */
562	hold = 48 * 1024;
563	(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
564	    sizeof(hold));
565
566	if (!uid) {
567		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
568		    sizeof(hold));
569	}
570
571	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
572		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
573		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
574		if (source)
575			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
576		(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
577	} else
578		(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
579
580	/*
581	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
582	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
583	 */
584
585	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
586	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
587
588	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
589	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
590		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
591	}
592
593	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
594	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
595		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
596	}
597
598        if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
599		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
600		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
601			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
602        }
603
604	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
605	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
606	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
607	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
608#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
609	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
610#endif
611	iov.iov_base = packet;
612	iov.iov_len = packlen;
613
614	if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
615		reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
616		ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
617		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
618	}
619
620	if (preload == 0)
621		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
622	else {
623		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
624			preload = npackets;
625		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
626			pinger();
627	}
628	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
629
630	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
631		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
632		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
633	} else {
634		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
635		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
636	}
637
638	while (!finish_up) {
639		int cc;
640		int n;
641		struct timeval timeout, now;
642		fd_set rfds;
643
644		check_status();
645		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
646		FD_SET(s, &rfds);
647		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
648		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
649		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
650		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
651			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
652			timeout.tv_sec--;
653		}
654		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
655			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
656			timeout.tv_sec++;
657		}
658		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
659			timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
660		n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
661		if (n < 0)
662			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
663		if (n == 1) {
664			struct timeval *t = 0;
665#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
666			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
667
668			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
669#endif
670			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
671			if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
672				if (errno == EINTR)
673					continue;
674				warn("recvmsg");
675				continue;
676			}
677#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
678			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
679			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
680			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *t)) {
681				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
682				memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now));
683				t = &now;
684			}
685#endif
686			if (t == 0) {
687				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
688				t = &now;
689			}
690			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t);
691			if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
692				break;
693		}
694		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
695			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
696				pinger();
697			else {
698				if (almost_done)
699					break;
700				almost_done = 1;
701				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
702				if (nreceived) {
703					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
704					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
705						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
706				} else
707					intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
708			}
709			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
710
711			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
712				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
713				if (options & F_MISSED)
714					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
715			}
716		}
717	}
718	finish();
719	/* NOTREACHED */
720	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
721}
722
723/*
724 * stopit --
725 *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
726 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
727 * to be called from a signal handler.
728 */
729void
730stopit(sig)
731	int sig __unused;
732{
733
734	finish_up = 1;
735}
736
737/*
738 * pinger --
739 *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
740 * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
741 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
742 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host
743 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
744 */
745static void
746pinger(void)
747{
748	struct icmp *icp;
749	int cc, i;
750
751	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
752	icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
753	icp->icmp_code = 0;
754	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
755	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
756	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
757
758	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
759
760	if (timing)
761		(void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
762		    (struct timezone *)NULL);
763
764	cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN;		/* skips ICMP portion */
765
766	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
767	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
768
769	i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
770	    sizeof(whereto));
771
772	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
773		if (i < 0) {
774			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
775				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
776				return;
777			}
778			warn("sendto");
779		} else {
780			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
781			     hostname, i, cc);
782		}
783	}
784	ntransmitted++;
785	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
786		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
787}
788
789/*
790 * pr_pack --
791 *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
792 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
793 * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
794 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
795 */
796static void
797pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
798	char *buf;
799	int cc;
800	struct sockaddr_in *from;
801	struct timeval *tv;
802{
803	struct icmp *icp;
804	struct ip *ip;
805	struct in_addr ina;
806	struct timeval *tp;
807	u_char *cp, *dp;
808	double triptime;
809	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, seq;
810	static int old_rrlen;
811	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
812
813	/* Check the IP header */
814	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
815	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
816	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
817		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
818			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
819			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
820		return;
821	}
822
823	/* Now the ICMP part */
824	cc -= hlen;
825	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
826	if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
827		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
828			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
829		++nreceived;
830		triptime = 0.0;
831		if (timing) {
832			struct timeval tv1;
833#ifndef icmp_data
834			tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
835#else
836			tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
837#endif
838			/* Avoid unaligned data: */
839			memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1));
840			tvsub(tv, &tv1);
841 			triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
842 			    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
843			tsum += triptime;
844			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
845			if (triptime < tmin)
846				tmin = triptime;
847			if (triptime > tmax)
848				tmax = triptime;
849		}
850
851		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
852
853		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
854			++nrepeats;
855			--nreceived;
856			dupflag = 1;
857		} else {
858			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
859			dupflag = 0;
860		}
861
862		if (options & F_QUIET)
863			return;
864
865		if (options & F_FLOOD)
866			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
867		else {
868			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
869			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
870			   seq);
871			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
872			if (timing)
873				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
874			if (dupflag)
875				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
876			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
877				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
878			/* check the data */
879			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN];
880			dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
881			for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
882				if (*cp != *dp) {
883	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
884	    i, *dp, *cp);
885					(void)printf("\ncp:");
886					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
887					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
888						if ((i % 32) == 8)
889							(void)printf("\n\t");
890						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
891					}
892					(void)printf("\ndp:");
893					cp = &outpack[8];
894					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
895						if ((i % 32) == 8)
896							(void)printf("\n\t");
897						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
898					}
899					break;
900				}
901			}
902		}
903	} else {
904		/*
905		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
906		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
907		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
908		 * and ICMP type and ID.
909		 *
910		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
911		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
912		 * available to those not running as root.
913		 */
914#ifndef icmp_data
915		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
916#else
917		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
918#endif
919		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
920
921		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
922		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
923		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
924		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
925		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
926		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
927		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
928			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
929		    pr_icmph(icp);
930		} else
931		    return;
932	}
933
934	/* Display any IP options */
935	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
936
937	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
938		switch (*cp) {
939		case IPOPT_EOL:
940			hlen = 0;
941			break;
942		case IPOPT_LSRR:
943			(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
944			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
945			hlen -= 2;
946			cp += 2;
947			if (j >= INADDR_LEN && j <= hlen - INADDR_LEN) {
948				for (;;) {
949					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
950					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
951						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
952					else
953						(void)printf("\t%s",
954						     pr_addr(ina));
955					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
956					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
957					j -= INADDR_LEN;
958					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
959						break;
960					(void)putchar('\n');
961				}
962			} else
963				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
964			break;
965		case IPOPT_RR:
966			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
967			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
968			hlen -= 2;
969			cp += 2;
970			if (i > j)
971				i = j;
972			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
973			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
974				old_rrlen = 0;
975				continue;
976			}
977			if (i == old_rrlen
978			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
979			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
980				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
981				hlen -= i;
982				cp += i;
983				break;
984			}
985			old_rrlen = i;
986			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
987
988			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
989
990			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
991			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
992				for (;;) {
993					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
994					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
995						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
996					else
997						(void)printf("\t%s",
998						     pr_addr(ina));
999					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1000					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1001					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1002					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1003						break;
1004					(void)putchar('\n');
1005				}
1006			} else
1007				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1008			break;
1009		case IPOPT_NOP:
1010			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1011			break;
1012		default:
1013			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1014			break;
1015		}
1016	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1017		(void)putchar('\n');
1018		(void)fflush(stdout);
1019	}
1020}
1021
1022/*
1023 * in_cksum --
1024 *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1025 */
1026u_short
1027in_cksum(addr, len)
1028	u_short *addr;
1029	int len;
1030{
1031	int nleft, sum;
1032	u_short *w;
1033	union {
1034		u_short	us;
1035		u_char	uc[2];
1036	} last;
1037	u_short answer;
1038
1039	nleft = len;
1040	sum = 0;
1041	w = addr;
1042
1043	/*
1044	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1045	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1046	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1047	 */
1048	while (nleft > 1)  {
1049		sum += *w++;
1050		nleft -= 2;
1051	}
1052
1053	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1054	if (nleft == 1) {
1055		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1056		last.uc[1] = 0;
1057		sum += last.us;
1058	}
1059
1060	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1061	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1062	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1063	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1064	return(answer);
1065}
1066
1067/*
1068 * tvsub --
1069 *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1070 * be >= in.
1071 */
1072static void
1073tvsub(out, in)
1074	struct timeval *out, *in;
1075{
1076
1077	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1078		--out->tv_sec;
1079		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1080	}
1081	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1082}
1083
1084/*
1085 * status --
1086 *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1087 */
1088
1089static void
1090status(sig)
1091	int sig __unused;
1092{
1093
1094	siginfo_p = 1;
1095}
1096
1097static void
1098check_status()
1099{
1100
1101	if (siginfo_p) {
1102		siginfo_p = 0;
1103		(void)fprintf(stderr,
1104	"\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
1105		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1106		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0,
1107		    nreceived ? tmin : 0.0,
1108		    nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum,
1109		    tmax);
1110	}
1111}
1112
1113/*
1114 * finish --
1115 *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1116 */
1117static void
1118finish()
1119{
1120
1121	struct termios ts;
1122
1123	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1124	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1125	(void)putchar('\n');
1126	(void)fflush(stdout);
1127	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1128	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1129	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1130	if (nrepeats)
1131		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1132	if (ntransmitted) {
1133		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1134			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1135		else
1136			(void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1137			    (int)(((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1138			    ntransmitted));
1139	}
1140	(void)putchar('\n');
1141	if (nreceived && timing) {
1142		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1143		double avg = tsum / n;
1144		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1145		(void)printf(
1146		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1147		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1148	}
1149	if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
1150		ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
1151		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
1152	}
1153
1154	if (nreceived)
1155		exit(0);
1156	else
1157		exit(2);
1158}
1159
1160#ifdef notdef
1161static char *ttab[] = {
1162	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1163	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1164	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1165	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1166	"Echo",
1167	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1168	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1169	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1170	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1171	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1172	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1173};
1174#endif
1175
1176/*
1177 * pr_icmph --
1178 *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1179 */
1180static void
1181pr_icmph(icp)
1182	struct icmp *icp;
1183{
1184
1185	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1186	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1187		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1188		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1189		break;
1190	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1191		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1192		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1193			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1194			break;
1195		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1196			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1197			break;
1198		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1199			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1200			break;
1201		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1202			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1203			break;
1204		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1205			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1206					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1207			break;
1208		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1209			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1210			break;
1211		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1212			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1213			break;
1214		default:
1215			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1216			    icp->icmp_code);
1217			break;
1218		}
1219		/* Print returned IP header information */
1220#ifndef icmp_data
1221		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1222#else
1223		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1224#endif
1225		break;
1226	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1227		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1228#ifndef icmp_data
1229		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1230#else
1231		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1232#endif
1233		break;
1234	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1235		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1236		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1237			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1238			break;
1239		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1240			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1241			break;
1242		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1243			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1244			break;
1245		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1246			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1247			break;
1248		default:
1249			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1250			break;
1251		}
1252		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1253#ifndef icmp_data
1254		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1255#else
1256		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1257#endif
1258		break;
1259	case ICMP_ECHO:
1260		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1261		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1262		break;
1263	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1264		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1265		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1266			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1267			break;
1268		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1269			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1270			break;
1271		default:
1272			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1273			    icp->icmp_code);
1274			break;
1275		}
1276#ifndef icmp_data
1277		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1278#else
1279		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1280#endif
1281		break;
1282	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1283		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1284		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1285#ifndef icmp_data
1286		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1287#else
1288		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1289#endif
1290		break;
1291	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1292		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1293		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1294		break;
1295	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1296		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1297		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1298		break;
1299	case ICMP_IREQ:
1300		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1301		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1302		break;
1303	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1304		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1305		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1306		break;
1307	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1308		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1309		break;
1310	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1311		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1312		break;
1313	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1314		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1315		break;
1316	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1317		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1318		break;
1319	default:
1320		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1321	}
1322}
1323
1324/*
1325 * pr_iph --
1326 *	Print an IP header with options.
1327 */
1328static void
1329pr_iph(ip)
1330	struct ip *ip;
1331{
1332	u_char *cp;
1333	int hlen;
1334
1335	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1336	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1337
1338	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1339	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1340	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1341	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1342	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1343	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1344	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1345	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1346							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1347	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1348	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1349	/* dump any option bytes */
1350	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1351		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1352	}
1353	(void)putchar('\n');
1354}
1355
1356/*
1357 * pr_addr --
1358 *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1359 * a hostname.
1360 */
1361static char *
1362pr_addr(ina)
1363	struct in_addr ina;
1364{
1365	struct hostent *hp;
1366	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1367
1368	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1369	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1370		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1371	else
1372		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1373		    inet_ntoa(ina));
1374	return(buf);
1375}
1376
1377/*
1378 * pr_retip --
1379 *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1380 */
1381static void
1382pr_retip(ip)
1383	struct ip *ip;
1384{
1385	u_char *cp;
1386	int hlen;
1387
1388	pr_iph(ip);
1389	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1390	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1391
1392	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1393		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1394		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1395	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1396		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1397			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1398}
1399
1400static void
1401fill(bp, patp)
1402	char *bp, *patp;
1403{
1404	char *cp;
1405	int pat[16];
1406	int ii, jj, kk;
1407
1408	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1409		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1410			errx(EX_USAGE,
1411			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1412
1413	}
1414	ii = sscanf(patp,
1415	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1416	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1417	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1418	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1419
1420	if (ii > 0)
1421		for (kk = 0;
1422		    kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii);
1423		    kk += ii)
1424			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1425				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1426	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1427		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1428		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1429			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1430		(void)printf("\n");
1431	}
1432}
1433
1434static void
1435usage()
1436{
1437	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1438"usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-m ttl]",
1439"            [-p pattern] "
1440#ifdef IPSEC
1441#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1442"[-P policy] "
1443#endif
1444#endif
1445"[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]",
1446"            [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]");
1447	exit(EX_USAGE);
1448}
1449