1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39#if 0 40#ifndef lint 41static const char copyright[] = 42"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44#endif /* not lint */ 45 46#ifndef lint 47static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48#endif /* not lint */ 49#endif 50#include <sys/cdefs.h> 51__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53/* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56#include <sys/param.h> 57#include <sys/stat.h> 58#include <sys/disk.h> 59#include <sys/disklabel.h> 60#include <sys/file.h> 61#include <sys/mount.h> 62 63#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68#include <ctype.h> 69#include <err.h> 70#include <errno.h> 71#include <inttypes.h> 72#include <paths.h> 73#include <stdarg.h> 74#include <stdio.h> 75#include <stdlib.h> 76#include <string.h> 77#include <syslog.h> 78#include <unistd.h> 79 80#include <libutil.h> 81 82#include "newfs.h" 83 84int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 85int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 86int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 87int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 88int Rflag; /* regression test */ 89int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 90int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */ 91int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 92int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 93int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 94int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 95int tflag; /* enable TRIM */ 96intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 97off_t mediasize; /* device size */ 98int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 99int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 100int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 101int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 102int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 103int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 104int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 105int metaspace; /* space held for metadata blocks */ 106int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 107int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 108int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 109int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 110int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 111int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 112u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 113struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 114 115static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 116static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 117static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 118static char *dkname; 119static char *disktype; 120static int unlabeled; 121 122static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 123static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 124static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 125static void usage(void); 126static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num); 127 128ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 129 130int 131main(int argc, char *argv[]) 132{ 133 struct partition *pp; 134 struct disklabel *lp; 135 struct partition oldpartition; 136 struct stat st; 137 char *cp, *special; 138 intmax_t reserved; 139 int ch, i, rval; 140 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 141 142 part_name = 'c'; 143 reserved = 0; 144 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 145 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1) 146 switch (ch) { 147 case 'E': 148 Eflag = 1; 149 break; 150 case 'J': 151 Jflag = 1; 152 break; 153 case 'L': 154 volumelabel = optarg; 155 i = -1; 156 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 157 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 158 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 159 } 160 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 161 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 162 MAXVOLLEN); 163 } 164 Lflag = 1; 165 break; 166 case 'N': 167 Nflag = 1; 168 break; 169 case 'O': 170 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 171 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 172 optarg); 173 break; 174 case 'R': 175 Rflag = 1; 176 break; 177 case 'S': 178 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize); 179 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 180 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 181 break; 182 case 'T': 183 disktype = optarg; 184 break; 185 case 'j': 186 jflag = 1; 187 /* fall through to enable soft updates */ 188 case 'U': 189 Uflag = 1; 190 break; 191 case 'X': 192 Xflag++; 193 break; 194 case 'a': 195 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig); 196 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 197 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 198 optarg); 199 break; 200 case 'b': 201 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize); 202 if (rval < 0) 203 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 204 optarg); 205 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 206 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 207 optarg, MINBSIZE); 208 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 209 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 210 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 211 break; 212 case 'c': 213 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 214 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 215 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 216 optarg); 217 break; 218 case 'd': 219 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize); 220 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 221 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 222 break; 223 case 'e': 224 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg); 225 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 226 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 227 optarg); 228 break; 229 case 'f': 230 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize); 231 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 232 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 233 break; 234 case 'g': 235 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize); 236 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 237 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 238 break; 239 case 'h': 240 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 241 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 242 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 243 break; 244 case 'i': 245 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density); 246 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 247 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 248 break; 249 case 'l': 250 lflag = 1; 251 break; 252 case 'k': 253 if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 254 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg); 255 if (metaspace == 0) 256 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */ 257 metaspace = -1; 258 break; 259 case 'm': 260 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 261 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 262 break; 263 case 'n': 264 nflag = 1; 265 break; 266 case 'o': 267 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 268 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 269 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 270 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 271 else 272 errx(1, 273 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 274 optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'r': 277 errno = 0; 278 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 279 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 280 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 281 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 282 break; 283 case 'p': 284 is_file = 1; 285 part_name = optarg[0]; 286 break; 287 288 case 's': 289 errno = 0; 290 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 291 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 292 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 293 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 294 break; 295 case 't': 296 tflag = 1; 297 break; 298 case '?': 299 default: 300 usage(); 301 } 302 argc -= optind; 303 argv += optind; 304 305 if (argc != 1) 306 usage(); 307 308 special = argv[0]; 309 if (!special[0]) 310 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 311 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 312 if (cp == 0) { 313 /* 314 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 315 */ 316 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 317 special = device; 318 } 319 320 if (is_file) { 321 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 322 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 323 disk.d_bsize = 1; 324 disk.d_name = special; 325 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 326 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 327 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 328 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 329 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 330 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 331 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 332 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 333 else 334 err(1, "%s", special); 335 } 336 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 337 err(1, "%s", special); 338 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 339 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 340 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 341 dkname = special; 342 if (sectorsize == 0) 343 sectorsize = 512; 344 mediasize = st.st_size; 345 /* set fssize from the partition */ 346 } else { 347 if (sectorsize == 0) 348 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 349 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 350 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 351 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 352 } 353 pp = NULL; 354 lp = getdisklabel(special); 355 if (lp != NULL) { 356 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 357 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 358 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 359 !isdigit(part_name)) 360 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 361 special); 362 cp = &part_name; 363 if (isdigit(*cp)) 364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 365 else 366 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 367 oldpartition = *pp; 368 if (pp->p_size == 0) 369 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 370 special, *cp); 371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 372 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 373 special, *cp); 374 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 375 if (sectorsize == 0) 376 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 377 if (fsize == 0) 378 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 379 if (bsize == 0) 380 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 381 if (is_file) 382 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 383 } 384 if (sectorsize <= 0) 385 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 386 if (fsize <= 0) 387 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 388 if (bsize <= 0) 389 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 390 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 391 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 392 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 393 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 394 } 395 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 396 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 397 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 398 399 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 400 fssize *= secperblk; 401 if (pp != NULL) 402 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 403 } 404 mkfs(pp, special); 405 if (!unlabeled) { 406 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 407 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 408 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 409 rewritelabel(special, lp); 410 } 411 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 412 if (!jflag) 413 exit(0); 414 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0) 415 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs"); 416 /* NOT REACHED */ 417} 418 419void 420getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 421{ 422 intmax_t available; 423 424 available = disksize - reserved; 425 if (available <= 0) 426 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 427 s, disksize); 428 if (*fsz == 0) 429 *fsz = available; 430 else if (*fsz > available) 431 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 432 s, available); 433} 434 435struct disklabel * 436getdisklabel(char *s) 437{ 438 static struct disklabel lab; 439 struct disklabel *lp; 440 441 if (is_file) { 442 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 443 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 444 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 445 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 446 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 447 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 448 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 449 450 lp = &lab; 451 return &lab; 452 } 453 454 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 455 return (&lab); 456 unlabeled++; 457 if (disktype) { 458 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 459 if (lp != NULL) 460 return (lp); 461 } 462 return (NULL); 463} 464 465void 466rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 467{ 468 if (unlabeled) 469 return; 470 lp->d_checksum = 0; 471 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 472 if (is_file) { 473 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 474 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 475 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 476 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 477 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 478 return; 479 } 480 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 481 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 482} 483 484static void 485usage() 486{ 487 fprintf(stderr, 488 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 489 getprogname(), 490 " [device-type]"); 491 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 495 fprintf(stderr, 496 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 497 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 498 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 499 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 500 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 501 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 502 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 503 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 504 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 505 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 506 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 507 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 508 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 509 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 510 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n"); 512 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n"); 513 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 514 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 515 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 516 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 517 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 518 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 519 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 520 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n"); 521 exit(1); 522} 523 524static int 525expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num) 526{ 527 int64_t num64; 528 int rval; 529 530 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64); 531 if (rval < 0) 532 return (rval); 533 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) { 534 errno = ERANGE; 535 return (-1); 536 } 537 *num = (int)num64; 538 return (0); 539} 540