isa_dma.c revision 57973
145720Speter/*-
245720Speter * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
345720Speter * All rights reserved.
445720Speter *
545720Speter * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
645720Speter * William Jolitz.
745720Speter *
845720Speter * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
945720Speter * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
1045720Speter * are met:
1145720Speter * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
1245720Speter *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
1345720Speter * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
1445720Speter *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
1545720Speter *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
1645720Speter * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
1745720Speter *    must display the following acknowledgement:
1845720Speter *	This product includes software developed by the University of
1945720Speter *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
2045720Speter * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
2145720Speter *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
2245720Speter *    without specific prior written permission.
2345720Speter *
2445720Speter * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
2545720Speter * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
2645720Speter * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
2745720Speter * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
2845720Speter * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
2945720Speter * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
3045720Speter * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
3145720Speter * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
3245720Speter * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
3345720Speter * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
3445720Speter * SUCH DAMAGE.
3545720Speter *
3645720Speter *	from: @(#)isa.c	7.2 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
3750477Speter * $FreeBSD: head/sys/i386/isa/isa_dma.c 57973 2000-03-13 10:19:32Z phk $
3845720Speter */
3945720Speter
4045720Speter/*
4145720Speter * code to manage AT bus
4245720Speter *
4345720Speter * 92/08/18  Frank P. MacLachlan (fpm@crash.cts.com):
4445720Speter * Fixed uninitialized variable problem and added code to deal
4545720Speter * with DMA page boundaries in isa_dmarangecheck().  Fixed word
4645720Speter * mode DMA count compution and reorganized DMA setup code in
4745720Speter * isa_dmastart()
4845720Speter */
4945720Speter
5045720Speter#include <sys/param.h>
5145720Speter#include <sys/systm.h>
5245720Speter#include <sys/malloc.h>
5345720Speter#include <vm/vm.h>
5445720Speter#include <vm/vm_param.h>
5545720Speter#include <vm/pmap.h>
5645720Speter#include <i386/isa/isa.h>
5746849Speter#include <i386/isa/isa_dma.h>
5845720Speter#include <i386/isa/ic/i8237.h>
5945720Speter
6045720Speter/*
6145720Speter**  Register definitions for DMA controller 1 (channels 0..3):
6245720Speter*/
6345720Speter#define	DMA1_CHN(c)	(IO_DMA1 + 1*(2*(c)))	/* addr reg for channel c */
6445720Speter#define	DMA1_SMSK	(IO_DMA1 + 1*10)	/* single mask register */
6545720Speter#define	DMA1_MODE	(IO_DMA1 + 1*11)	/* mode register */
6645720Speter#define	DMA1_FFC	(IO_DMA1 + 1*12)	/* clear first/last FF */
6745720Speter
6845720Speter/*
6945720Speter**  Register definitions for DMA controller 2 (channels 4..7):
7045720Speter*/
7145720Speter#define	DMA2_CHN(c)	(IO_DMA2 + 2*(2*(c)))	/* addr reg for channel c */
7245720Speter#define	DMA2_SMSK	(IO_DMA2 + 2*10)	/* single mask register */
7345720Speter#define	DMA2_MODE	(IO_DMA2 + 2*11)	/* mode register */
7445720Speter#define	DMA2_FFC	(IO_DMA2 + 2*12)	/* clear first/last FF */
7545720Speter
7645720Speterstatic int isa_dmarangecheck __P((caddr_t va, u_int length, int chan));
7745720Speter
7845720Speterstatic caddr_t	dma_bouncebuf[8];
7945720Speterstatic u_int	dma_bouncebufsize[8];
8045720Speterstatic u_int8_t	dma_bounced = 0;
8145720Speterstatic u_int8_t	dma_busy = 0;		/* Used in isa_dmastart() */
8245720Speterstatic u_int8_t	dma_inuse = 0;		/* User for acquire/release */
8345720Speterstatic u_int8_t dma_auto_mode = 0;
8445720Speter
8545720Speter#define VALID_DMA_MASK (7)
8645720Speter
8745720Speter/* high byte of address is stored in this port for i-th dma channel */
8845720Speterstatic int dmapageport[8] = { 0x87, 0x83, 0x81, 0x82, 0x8f, 0x8b, 0x89, 0x8a };
8945720Speter
9045720Speter/*
9145720Speter * Setup a DMA channel's bounce buffer.
9245720Speter */
9345720Spetervoid
9445720Speterisa_dmainit(chan, bouncebufsize)
9545720Speter	int chan;
9645720Speter	u_int bouncebufsize;
9745720Speter{
9845720Speter	void *buf;
9945720Speter
10045720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
10145720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
10245720Speter		panic("isa_dmainit: channel out of range");
10345720Speter
10445720Speter	if (dma_bouncebuf[chan] != NULL)
10545720Speter		panic("isa_dmainit: impossible request");
10645720Speter#endif
10745720Speter
10845720Speter	dma_bouncebufsize[chan] = bouncebufsize;
10945720Speter
11045720Speter	/* Try malloc() first.  It works better if it works. */
11145720Speter	buf = malloc(bouncebufsize, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
11245720Speter	if (buf != NULL) {
11345720Speter		if (isa_dmarangecheck(buf, bouncebufsize, chan) == 0) {
11445720Speter			dma_bouncebuf[chan] = buf;
11545720Speter			return;
11645720Speter		}
11745720Speter		free(buf, M_DEVBUF);
11845720Speter	}
11945720Speter	buf = contigmalloc(bouncebufsize, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT, 0ul, 0xfffffful,
12045720Speter			   1ul, chan & 4 ? 0x20000ul : 0x10000ul);
12145720Speter	if (buf == NULL)
12245720Speter		printf("isa_dmainit(%d, %d) failed\n", chan, bouncebufsize);
12345720Speter	else
12445720Speter		dma_bouncebuf[chan] = buf;
12545720Speter}
12645720Speter
12745720Speter/*
12845720Speter * Register a DMA channel's usage.  Usually called from a device driver
12945720Speter * in open() or during its initialization.
13045720Speter */
13145720Speterint
13245720Speterisa_dma_acquire(chan)
13345720Speter	int chan;
13445720Speter{
13545720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
13645720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
13745720Speter		panic("isa_dma_acquire: channel out of range");
13845720Speter#endif
13945720Speter
14045720Speter	if (dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) {
14145720Speter		printf("isa_dma_acquire: channel %d already in use\n", chan);
14245720Speter		return (EBUSY);
14345720Speter	}
14445720Speter	dma_inuse |= (1 << chan);
14545720Speter	dma_auto_mode &= ~(1 << chan);
14645720Speter
14745720Speter	return (0);
14845720Speter}
14945720Speter
15045720Speter/*
15145720Speter * Unregister a DMA channel's usage.  Usually called from a device driver
15245720Speter * during close() or during its shutdown.
15345720Speter */
15445720Spetervoid
15545720Speterisa_dma_release(chan)
15645720Speter	int chan;
15745720Speter{
15845720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
15945720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
16045720Speter		panic("isa_dma_release: channel out of range");
16145720Speter
16245720Speter	if ((dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) == 0)
16345720Speter		printf("isa_dma_release: channel %d not in use\n", chan);
16445720Speter#endif
16545720Speter
16645720Speter	if (dma_busy & (1 << chan)) {
16745720Speter		dma_busy &= ~(1 << chan);
16845720Speter		/*
16945720Speter		 * XXX We should also do "dma_bounced &= (1 << chan);"
17045720Speter		 * because we are acting on behalf of isa_dmadone() which
17145720Speter		 * was not called to end the last DMA operation.  This does
17245720Speter		 * not matter now, but it may in the future.
17345720Speter		 */
17445720Speter	}
17545720Speter
17645720Speter	dma_inuse &= ~(1 << chan);
17745720Speter	dma_auto_mode &= ~(1 << chan);
17845720Speter}
17945720Speter
18045720Speter/*
18145720Speter * isa_dmacascade(): program 8237 DMA controller channel to accept
18245720Speter * external dma control by a board.
18345720Speter */
18445720Spetervoid
18545720Speterisa_dmacascade(chan)
18645720Speter	int chan;
18745720Speter{
18845720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
18945720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
19045720Speter		panic("isa_dmacascade: channel out of range");
19145720Speter#endif
19245720Speter
19345720Speter	/* set dma channel mode, and set dma channel mode */
19445720Speter	if ((chan & 4) == 0) {
19545720Speter		outb(DMA1_MODE, DMA37MD_CASCADE | chan);
19645720Speter		outb(DMA1_SMSK, chan);
19745720Speter	} else {
19845720Speter		outb(DMA2_MODE, DMA37MD_CASCADE | (chan & 3));
19945720Speter		outb(DMA2_SMSK, chan & 3);
20045720Speter	}
20145720Speter}
20245720Speter
20345720Speter/*
20445720Speter * isa_dmastart(): program 8237 DMA controller channel, avoid page alignment
20545720Speter * problems by using a bounce buffer.
20645720Speter */
20745720Spetervoid
20845720Speterisa_dmastart(int flags, caddr_t addr, u_int nbytes, int chan)
20945720Speter{
21045720Speter	vm_offset_t phys;
21145720Speter	int waport;
21245720Speter	caddr_t newaddr;
21345720Speter
21445720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
21545720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
21645720Speter		panic("isa_dmastart: channel out of range");
21745720Speter
21845720Speter	if ((chan < 4 && nbytes > (1<<16))
21945720Speter	    || (chan >= 4 && (nbytes > (1<<17) || (u_int)addr & 1)))
22045720Speter		panic("isa_dmastart: impossible request");
22145720Speter
22245720Speter	if ((dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) == 0)
22345720Speter		printf("isa_dmastart: channel %d not acquired\n", chan);
22445720Speter#endif
22545720Speter
22645720Speter#if 0
22745720Speter	/*
22845720Speter	 * XXX This should be checked, but drivers like ad1848 only call
22945720Speter	 * isa_dmastart() once because they use Auto DMA mode.  If we
23045720Speter	 * leave this in, drivers that do this will print this continuously.
23145720Speter	 */
23245720Speter	if (dma_busy & (1 << chan))
23345720Speter		printf("isa_dmastart: channel %d busy\n", chan);
23445720Speter#endif
23545720Speter
23645720Speter	dma_busy |= (1 << chan);
23745720Speter
23845720Speter	if (isa_dmarangecheck(addr, nbytes, chan)) {
23945720Speter		if (dma_bouncebuf[chan] == NULL
24045720Speter		    || dma_bouncebufsize[chan] < nbytes)
24145720Speter			panic("isa_dmastart: bad bounce buffer");
24245720Speter		dma_bounced |= (1 << chan);
24345720Speter		newaddr = dma_bouncebuf[chan];
24445720Speter
24545720Speter		/* copy bounce buffer on write */
24657973Sphk		if (!(flags & ISADMA_READ))
24745720Speter			bcopy(addr, newaddr, nbytes);
24845720Speter		addr = newaddr;
24945720Speter	}
25045720Speter
25145720Speter	/* translate to physical */
25245720Speter	phys = pmap_extract(pmap_kernel(), (vm_offset_t)addr);
25345720Speter
25457973Sphk	if (flags & ISADMA_RAW) {
25545720Speter	    dma_auto_mode |= (1 << chan);
25645720Speter	} else {
25745720Speter	    dma_auto_mode &= ~(1 << chan);
25845720Speter	}
25945720Speter
26045720Speter	if ((chan & 4) == 0) {
26145720Speter		/*
26245720Speter		 * Program one of DMA channels 0..3.  These are
26345720Speter		 * byte mode channels.
26445720Speter		 */
26545720Speter		/* set dma channel mode, and reset address ff */
26645720Speter
26757973Sphk		/* If ISADMA_RAW flag is set, then use autoinitialise mode */
26857973Sphk		if (flags & ISADMA_RAW) {
26957973Sphk		  if (flags & ISADMA_READ)
27045720Speter			outb(DMA1_MODE, DMA37MD_AUTO|DMA37MD_WRITE|chan);
27145720Speter		  else
27245720Speter			outb(DMA1_MODE, DMA37MD_AUTO|DMA37MD_READ|chan);
27345720Speter		}
27445720Speter		else
27557973Sphk		if (flags & ISADMA_READ)
27645720Speter			outb(DMA1_MODE, DMA37MD_SINGLE|DMA37MD_WRITE|chan);
27745720Speter		else
27845720Speter			outb(DMA1_MODE, DMA37MD_SINGLE|DMA37MD_READ|chan);
27945720Speter		outb(DMA1_FFC, 0);
28045720Speter
28145720Speter		/* send start address */
28245720Speter		waport =  DMA1_CHN(chan);
28345720Speter		outb(waport, phys);
28445720Speter		outb(waport, phys>>8);
28545720Speter		outb(dmapageport[chan], phys>>16);
28645720Speter
28745720Speter		/* send count */
28845720Speter		outb(waport + 1, --nbytes);
28945720Speter		outb(waport + 1, nbytes>>8);
29045720Speter
29145720Speter		/* unmask channel */
29245720Speter		outb(DMA1_SMSK, chan);
29345720Speter	} else {
29445720Speter		/*
29545720Speter		 * Program one of DMA channels 4..7.  These are
29645720Speter		 * word mode channels.
29745720Speter		 */
29845720Speter		/* set dma channel mode, and reset address ff */
29945720Speter
30057973Sphk		/* If ISADMA_RAW flag is set, then use autoinitialise mode */
30157973Sphk		if (flags & ISADMA_RAW) {
30257973Sphk		  if (flags & ISADMA_READ)
30345720Speter			outb(DMA2_MODE, DMA37MD_AUTO|DMA37MD_WRITE|(chan&3));
30445720Speter		  else
30545720Speter			outb(DMA2_MODE, DMA37MD_AUTO|DMA37MD_READ|(chan&3));
30645720Speter		}
30745720Speter		else
30857973Sphk		if (flags & ISADMA_READ)
30945720Speter			outb(DMA2_MODE, DMA37MD_SINGLE|DMA37MD_WRITE|(chan&3));
31045720Speter		else
31145720Speter			outb(DMA2_MODE, DMA37MD_SINGLE|DMA37MD_READ|(chan&3));
31245720Speter		outb(DMA2_FFC, 0);
31345720Speter
31445720Speter		/* send start address */
31545720Speter		waport = DMA2_CHN(chan - 4);
31645720Speter		outb(waport, phys>>1);
31745720Speter		outb(waport, phys>>9);
31845720Speter		outb(dmapageport[chan], phys>>16);
31945720Speter
32045720Speter		/* send count */
32145720Speter		nbytes >>= 1;
32245720Speter		outb(waport + 2, --nbytes);
32345720Speter		outb(waport + 2, nbytes>>8);
32445720Speter
32545720Speter		/* unmask channel */
32645720Speter		outb(DMA2_SMSK, chan & 3);
32745720Speter	}
32845720Speter}
32945720Speter
33045720Spetervoid
33145720Speterisa_dmadone(int flags, caddr_t addr, int nbytes, int chan)
33245720Speter{
33345720Speter#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
33445720Speter	if (chan & ~VALID_DMA_MASK)
33545720Speter		panic("isa_dmadone: channel out of range");
33645720Speter
33745720Speter	if ((dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) == 0)
33845720Speter		printf("isa_dmadone: channel %d not acquired\n", chan);
33945720Speter#endif
34045720Speter
34145720Speter	if (((dma_busy & (1 << chan)) == 0) &&
34245720Speter	    (dma_auto_mode & (1 << chan)) == 0 )
34345720Speter		printf("isa_dmadone: channel %d not busy\n", chan);
34445720Speter
34545720Speter	if ((dma_auto_mode & (1 << chan)) == 0)
34645720Speter		outb(chan & 4 ? DMA2_SMSK : DMA1_SMSK, (chan & 3) | 4);
34745720Speter
34845720Speter	if (dma_bounced & (1 << chan)) {
34945720Speter		/* copy bounce buffer on read */
35057973Sphk		if (flags & ISADMA_READ)
35145720Speter			bcopy(dma_bouncebuf[chan], addr, nbytes);
35245720Speter
35345720Speter		dma_bounced &= ~(1 << chan);
35445720Speter	}
35545720Speter	dma_busy &= ~(1 << chan);
35645720Speter}
35745720Speter
35845720Speter/*
35945720Speter * Check for problems with the address range of a DMA transfer
36045720Speter * (non-contiguous physical pages, outside of bus address space,
36145720Speter * crossing DMA page boundaries).
36245720Speter * Return true if special handling needed.
36345720Speter */
36445720Speter
36545720Speterstatic int
36645720Speterisa_dmarangecheck(caddr_t va, u_int length, int chan)
36745720Speter{
36845720Speter	vm_offset_t phys, priorpage = 0, endva;
36945720Speter	u_int dma_pgmsk = (chan & 4) ?  ~(128*1024-1) : ~(64*1024-1);
37045720Speter
37145720Speter	endva = (vm_offset_t)round_page((vm_offset_t)va + length);
37245720Speter	for (; va < (caddr_t) endva ; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
37345720Speter		phys = trunc_page(pmap_extract(pmap_kernel(), (vm_offset_t)va));
37445720Speter#define ISARAM_END	RAM_END
37545720Speter		if (phys == 0)
37645720Speter			panic("isa_dmacheck: no physical page present");
37745720Speter		if (phys >= ISARAM_END)
37845720Speter			return (1);
37945720Speter		if (priorpage) {
38045720Speter			if (priorpage + PAGE_SIZE != phys)
38145720Speter				return (1);
38245720Speter			/* check if crossing a DMA page boundary */
38345720Speter			if (((u_int)priorpage ^ (u_int)phys) & dma_pgmsk)
38445720Speter				return (1);
38545720Speter		}
38645720Speter		priorpage = phys;
38745720Speter	}
38845720Speter	return (0);
38945720Speter}
39045720Speter
39145720Speter/*
39245720Speter * Query the progress of a transfer on a DMA channel.
39345720Speter *
39445720Speter * To avoid having to interrupt a transfer in progress, we sample
39545720Speter * each of the high and low databytes twice, and apply the following
39645720Speter * logic to determine the correct count.
39745720Speter *
39845720Speter * Reads are performed with interrupts disabled, thus it is to be
39945720Speter * expected that the time between reads is very small.  At most
40045720Speter * one rollover in the low count byte can be expected within the
40145720Speter * four reads that are performed.
40245720Speter *
40345720Speter * There are three gaps in which a rollover can occur :
40445720Speter *
40545720Speter * - read low1
40645720Speter *              gap1
40745720Speter * - read high1
40845720Speter *              gap2
40945720Speter * - read low2
41045720Speter *              gap3
41145720Speter * - read high2
41245720Speter *
41345720Speter * If a rollover occurs in gap1 or gap2, the low2 value will be
41445720Speter * greater than the low1 value.  In this case, low2 and high2 are a
41545720Speter * corresponding pair.
41645720Speter *
41745720Speter * In any other case, low1 and high1 can be considered to be correct.
41845720Speter *
41945720Speter * The function returns the number of bytes remaining in the transfer,
42045720Speter * or -1 if the channel requested is not active.
42145720Speter *
42245720Speter */
42345720Speterint
42445720Speterisa_dmastatus(int chan)
42545720Speter{
42645720Speter	u_long	cnt = 0;
42745720Speter	int	ffport, waport;
42845720Speter	u_long	low1, high1, low2, high2;
42945720Speter
43045720Speter	/* channel active? */
43145720Speter	if ((dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) == 0) {
43245720Speter		printf("isa_dmastatus: channel %d not active\n", chan);
43345720Speter		return(-1);
43445720Speter	}
43545720Speter	/* channel busy? */
43645720Speter
43745720Speter	if (((dma_busy & (1 << chan)) == 0) &&
43845720Speter	    (dma_auto_mode & (1 << chan)) == 0 ) {
43945720Speter	    printf("chan %d not busy\n", chan);
44045720Speter	    return -2 ;
44145720Speter	}
44245720Speter	if (chan < 4) {			/* low DMA controller */
44345720Speter		ffport = DMA1_FFC;
44445720Speter		waport = DMA1_CHN(chan) + 1;
44545720Speter	} else {			/* high DMA controller */
44645720Speter		ffport = DMA2_FFC;
44745720Speter		waport = DMA2_CHN(chan - 4) + 2;
44845720Speter	}
44945720Speter
45045720Speter	disable_intr();			/* no interrupts Mr Jones! */
45145720Speter	outb(ffport, 0);		/* clear register LSB flipflop */
45245720Speter	low1 = inb(waport);
45345720Speter	high1 = inb(waport);
45445720Speter	outb(ffport, 0);		/* clear again */
45545720Speter	low2 = inb(waport);
45645720Speter	high2 = inb(waport);
45745720Speter	enable_intr();			/* enable interrupts again */
45845720Speter
45945720Speter	/*
46045720Speter	 * Now decide if a wrap has tried to skew our results.
46145720Speter	 * Note that after TC, the count will read 0xffff, while we want
46245720Speter	 * to return zero, so we add and then mask to compensate.
46345720Speter	 */
46445720Speter	if (low1 >= low2) {
46545720Speter		cnt = (low1 + (high1 << 8) + 1) & 0xffff;
46645720Speter	} else {
46745720Speter		cnt = (low2 + (high2 << 8) + 1) & 0xffff;
46845720Speter	}
46945720Speter
47045720Speter	if (chan >= 4)			/* high channels move words */
47145720Speter		cnt *= 2;
47245720Speter	return(cnt);
47345720Speter}
47445720Speter
47545720Speter/*
47645720Speter * Stop a DMA transfer currently in progress.
47745720Speter */
47845720Speterint
47945720Speterisa_dmastop(int chan)
48045720Speter{
48145720Speter	if ((dma_inuse & (1 << chan)) == 0)
48245720Speter		printf("isa_dmastop: channel %d not acquired\n", chan);
48345720Speter
48445720Speter	if (((dma_busy & (1 << chan)) == 0) &&
48545720Speter	    ((dma_auto_mode & (1 << chan)) == 0)) {
48645720Speter		printf("chan %d not busy\n", chan);
48745720Speter		return -2 ;
48845720Speter	}
48945720Speter
49045720Speter	if ((chan & 4) == 0) {
49145720Speter		outb(DMA1_SMSK, (chan & 3) | 4 /* disable mask */);
49245720Speter	} else {
49345720Speter		outb(DMA2_SMSK, (chan & 3) | 4 /* disable mask */);
49445720Speter	}
49545720Speter	return(isa_dmastatus(chan));
49645720Speter}
497