australasia revision 316349
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47316349Sbapt 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 48316349Sbapt 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 63307361Sbapt# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64307361Sbapt# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65307361Sbapt# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66307361Sbapt# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67307361Sbapt# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68307361Sbapt# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69307361Sbapt# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70307361Sbapt# 7120094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 782742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 8120094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 852742Swollman 869908Swollman# South Australia 872742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1042742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1082742Swollman 1099908Swollman# Tasmania 110149514Swollman# 111149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114149514Swollman# 1152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1362742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 141149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1462742Swollman 1479908Swollman# Victoria 1482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1672742Swollman 1689908Swollman# New South Wales 1692742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1872742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1902742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1968029Swollman 19714343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19814343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199270728SpluknetRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200270728SpluknetRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201270728SpluknetRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204270728SpluknetRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205270728SpluknetRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206270728SpluknetRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207270728SpluknetRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208270728SpluknetRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209270728SpluknetRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210270728SpluknetRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 2132742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 216316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+11 2178029Swollman 21814343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2192742Swollman# 2202742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 22114343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 222169811Swollman# no times are set 2232742Swollman# 22414343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 22514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 226169811Swollman# no times are set 22714343Swollman# 22830711Swollman# Macquarie 229249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 230249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 231249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 232273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 233273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 234249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 235249692Sedwin# 236249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 237249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 238249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 239249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 240249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 241253009Sedwin# 242253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 243253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 244270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 245253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 246253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 247307361SbaptZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 248273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 249270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 250273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 251307361Sbapt 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 252270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 253273718Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 254316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 2552742Swollman 25643014Swollman# Christmas 25743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 259316349Sbapt 7:00 - +07 2602742Swollman 261267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 262149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 263149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 266316349Sbapt 6:30 - +0630 2672742Swollman 268267473Sedwin 2692742Swollman# Fiji 270248307Sedwin 271248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 272248307Sedwin 273199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276199336Sedwin# 277199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280199336Sedwin 281199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 282199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 283199336Sedwin# amendments: 284199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 285204887Sedwin 286204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 287204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 288204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 289204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 290204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 291204887Sedwin# 292204887Sedwin# Official source: 293204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294204887Sedwin# 295204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 296204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 297204887Sedwin 298214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 299240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 300214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 301240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 302214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 303214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 305214722Sedwin 306226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 307240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 308226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 309226289Sedwin# 310270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 311226289Sedwin# which says 312240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 313240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 314226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 315226289Sedwin 316226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 317226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 318226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 319226976Sedwin# 320226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 321226976Sedwin# states: 322226976Sedwin# 323226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 324226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 325226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 326226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 327226976Sedwin 328240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 329240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 330240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 331240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 332240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 333257681Sedwin 334257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 335263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 336263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 337257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 338263041Sedwin 339263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 340263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 341263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 342263041Sedwin 343273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 344273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 345273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 346240457Sedwin 347290697Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 348290697Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 349290697Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 350290697Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 351290697Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 352290697Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 353290697Sedwin 354307912Sbapt# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 355307912Sbapt# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 356307912Sbapt# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 357307912Sbapt# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 358307912Sbapt# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 359307912Sbapt 360307912Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): 361273718Sedwin# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 362290697Sedwin# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 363290697Sedwin# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 364273718Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 365273718Sedwin 36643543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36775267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 36875267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 369199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 370204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 371273718SedwinRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 372214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 373263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 374273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 375273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 376290697SedwinRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 3772742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 379316349Sbapt 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 3802742Swollman 3812742Swollman# French Polynesia 3822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 384316349Sbapt -9:00 - -09 3852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 386316349Sbapt -9:30 - -0930 387273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 388316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 38943014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 39043014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3912742Swollman 3922742Swollman# Guam 3932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39475267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 395273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 396273718Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 39775267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 398280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 3992742Swollman 4002742Swollman# Kiribati 4012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 403316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4042742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 405316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 406316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 1995 407316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 4082742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 409316349Sbapt -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 410316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 1995 411316349Sbapt 14:00 - +14 4122742Swollman 41314343Swollman# N Mariana Is 414280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 41514343Swollman 41614343Swollman# Marshall Is 41714343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 41814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 419316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 420316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 42114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 422316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 423316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 424316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 42514343Swollman 42614343Swollman# Micronesia 42714343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 429316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 430273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 431316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 43214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 433316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 434316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 1999 435316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 43614343Swollman 4372742Swollman# Nauru 4382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 440316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 441316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 442316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 443316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4442742Swollman 4452742Swollman# New Caledonia 4462742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 44719878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 44819878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 44943014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 450158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 45143014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 454316349Sbapt 11:00 NC +11/+12 4552742Swollman 4562742Swollman 4572742Swollman############################################################################### 4582742Swollman 4592742Swollman# New Zealand 4602742Swollman 4612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 462121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 463121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 464121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 465121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 466121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 467121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 468121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 469121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 470267473Sedwin# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 471267473Sedwin# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 472114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 473121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 474114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 475121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4769908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 477121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 478114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 479121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 480114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 481121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 482169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 483169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 484169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 485169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 486169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 487169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 488169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 489169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 492121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4932742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 494270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 495316349Sbapt 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 496316349Sbapt 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 4972742Swollman 498257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 4998029Swollman 50030711Swollman# Auckland Is 501270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 50258787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5032742Swollman 50430711Swollman# Campbell I 50558787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 50658787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 50758787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 50830711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 50930711Swollman 510267473Sedwin# Cook Is 511267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 512267473Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 513267473SedwinRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 514267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 515267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 516267473Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 518316349Sbapt -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 519316349Sbapt -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 520267473Sedwin 5212742Swollman############################################################################### 5222742Swollman 5232742Swollman 5242742Swollman# Niue 5252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 527316349Sbapt -11:20 - -1120 1951 528316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 529316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 5302742Swollman 5312742Swollman# Norfolk 5322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 534316349Sbapt 11:12 - +1112 1951 535316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 536316349Sbapt 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 537316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 538316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 5392742Swollman 54058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5419908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542273718SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 543316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 5449908Swollman 5452742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5472742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 548273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 549316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 550273718Sedwin# 551273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 552273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 553273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 554273718Sedwin# 555307361Sbapt# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 556273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 557273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 558273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 559273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 560273718Sedwin# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 561273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 562273718Sedwin# 563307361Sbapt# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 564316349Sbapt# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 565316349Sbapt# See: 566273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 567273718Sedwin# 568273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 569273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 570316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 571316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 572316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 573316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 5742742Swollman 5752742Swollman# Pitcairn 5762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 577273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 578316349Sbapt -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 579316349Sbapt -8:00 - -08 5802742Swollman 58114343Swollman# American Samoa 58214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 58314343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 584273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 585280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 58614343Swollman 587270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 588196582Sedwin 589204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 590204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 591204887Sedwin# the following info: 592197000Sedwin# 593204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 594204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 595204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 596204887Sedwin# 597204887Sedwin# Background info: 598197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 599198270Sedwin# 600204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 601204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 602204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 603198270Sedwin 604226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 605214722Sedwin# Please see 606214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 607214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 608214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 609214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 610214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 611214722Sedwin 612226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 613270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 614219687Sedwin# 615270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 616270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 617270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 618270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 619219687Sedwin 620270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 621226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 622240457Sedwin# 623226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 624226289Sedwin 625270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 626270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 627270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 628307361Sbapt# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 629270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 630270728Spluknet# accordingly. 631226289Sedwin 632226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 633226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 634226289Sedwin# 635226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 636226289Sedwin# 637226289Sedwin# DST 638270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 639270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 640270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 641226289Sedwin# 642226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 643226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 644226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 645233445Sedwin# 646270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 647241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 648270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 649241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 650241869Sedwin# 651270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 652270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 653270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 654241869Sedwin 655241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 656270728SpluknetRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 657270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 658270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 659270728SpluknetRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 660241869SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 661241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 66214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 66314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 664316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1950 665316349Sbapt -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 666316349Sbapt 13:00 WS +13/+14 66714343Swollman 6682742Swollman# Solomon Is 6692742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 672316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 6732742Swollman 674316349Sbapt# Tokelau 675233445Sedwin# 676233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 677233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 678240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 679233445Sedwin# 680240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 681240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 682240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 683240457Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 684240457Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 685233445Sedwin# 686240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 687240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 688240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 689240457Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 690240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 691240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 692233445Sedwin 6932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6942742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 695316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 696316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 6972742Swollman 6982742Swollman# Tonga 69958787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70075267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 70175267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 702114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 703114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 704308302SgjbRule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 705308302SgjbRule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 7062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 708308302Sgjb 12:20 - +1220 1941 709308302Sgjb 13:00 - +13 1999 710308302Sgjb 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 7112742Swollman 7122742Swollman# Tuvalu 7132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 715316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 7162742Swollman 71743014Swollman 71843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 71943014Swollman 72043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 721171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 722171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 723171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 724171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 725307361Sbapt# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 726171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 727171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 728171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 729171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 73043014Swollman 73143014Swollman# Jarvis 732171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 733171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 734171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 73543014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 73643014Swollman 73743014Swollman# Johnston 738257681Sedwin# 739316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 740263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 741263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 742316349Sbapt# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 743316349Sbapt# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 744263901Sedwin# 745257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 746257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 747257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 748257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 749257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 750257681Sedwin# 751263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 752263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 753263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 754263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 755263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 756263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 757263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 758273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 759273718Sedwin# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 760263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 761263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 762263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 76343014Swollman 76443014Swollman# Kingman 76543014Swollman# uninhabited 76643014Swollman 76743014Swollman# Midway 768280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 76943014Swollman 77043014Swollman# Palmyra 77143014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 77243014Swollman 77343014Swollman# Wake 77443014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 77543014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 776316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 77743014Swollman 77843014Swollman 7792742Swollman# Vanuatu 7802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78119878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 78219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 78319878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 78420094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 78520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 78620094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 789316349Sbapt 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 7902742Swollman 7912742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7932742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 794316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 7952742Swollman 7962742Swollman############################################################################### 7972742Swollman 7982742Swollman# NOTES 7992742Swollman 800273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8012742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 802273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 803273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8042742Swollman 805316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 806274559Sedwin# 807274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 808158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 809158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 810274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 8112742Swollman# 812316349Sbapt# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 813316349Sbapt# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 81420094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 81520094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 816274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 817274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 81820094Swollman# 8192742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8202742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8212742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8222742Swollman# 823248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 824273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 825273718Sedwin# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 826248307Sedwin# 8272742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 82858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8292742Swollman# 830316349Sbapt# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 8312742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 832270728Spluknet# std dst 833270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 834270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 835270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 836270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 837316349Sbapt# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 838270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 839270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 840270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 841270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 842270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 8432742Swollman# 844270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 845270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8462742Swollman 8472742Swollman############################################################################### 8482742Swollman 8492742Swollman# Australia 8502742Swollman 851270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 852270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 853270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 854270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 855270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 856270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 857270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 858270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 859270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 860270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 861270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 862270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 863270728Spluknet 864153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 865153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 866273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 867270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 86858787Sru 869153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 870153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 871273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 872270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 873153670Swollman 87419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 875270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 876270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 877270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8782742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8792742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8802742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8812742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 882270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8832742Swollman# time'. 8842742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 885270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 886270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8872742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8882742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 889270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8902742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8912742Swollman 892270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 89386222Swollman# 894270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 895270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 896270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 897270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 898270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 899270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 900270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 901270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 902270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 903270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 904270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 905270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 90686222Swollman# 907270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 908270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 909270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 910270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 911270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 912270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 913270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 914270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 915270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 916270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 91786222Swollman# 918270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 92086222Swollman# 921270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 922270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 923270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 924270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 92586222Swollman# 926270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 927270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 92886222Swollman# 929270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 930270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 931270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 932270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 933270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 934270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 935270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 93686222Swollman# 937270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 938270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 939270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 940270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 941270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 942270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 943270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 944270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 945270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 946270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 947270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 948270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 949270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 950270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 95186222Swollman# 952270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 95386222Swollman# 954270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 955270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 956270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 957270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 95886222Swollman# 959270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 960270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 961270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 96286222Swollman# 963270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 964270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 965270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 96686222Swollman# 967270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 968270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 969270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 97086222Swollman# 971270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 972270728Spluknet# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 973270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 97486222Swollman# 975270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 976270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 977270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 978270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 979270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 980270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 98186222Swollman# 982270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 983270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 984270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 985270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 986270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 987270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 988270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 989270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 990270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 99186222Swollman 99214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 993158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 994149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9959908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 9969908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 997270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 99814343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 9992742Swollman 1000149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 100175267Swollman# 100243014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 100343014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 100443014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 100575267Swollman# 100643014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 100743014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1008273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 100943014Swollman# ACT 101043014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1011273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 101243014Swollman# SA 101343014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1014273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 101543014Swollman 1016149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1017149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1018149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1019149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1020149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1021149514Swollman# 1022149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1023149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1024149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1025149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1026149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1027149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1028149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1029149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1030149514Swollman# allude to it. 1031149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1032270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1033149514Swollman 10349908Swollman# Northern Territory 10359908Swollman 103619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10372742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10382742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10392742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10402742Swollman# ... 10419908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10422742Swollman 104319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10442742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10452742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10462742Swollman 10479908Swollman# Western Australia 10482742Swollman 104919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10502742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10512742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10522742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10532742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10542742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10552742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10562742Swollman# ... 10572742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10582742Swollman# ... 10592742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10602742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10612742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10622742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10632742Swollman 106419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10652742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10662742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10672742Swollman 106819878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10692742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10702742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10712742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10722742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10732742Swollman# everybody again. 10742742Swollman 107519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10762742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10772742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10782742Swollman 107958787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1080273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1081270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 108258787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 108358787Sru 10849908Swollman# Queensland 108519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10862742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10872742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10882742Swollman# ... 10892742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10902742Swollman# ... 10912742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10922742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10932742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10942742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10952742Swollman 109619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 10972742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 10982742Swollman# October 1989). 10992742Swollman 110019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11012742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11022742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11032742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11042742Swollman 110519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11062742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11072742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11082742Swollman# me.) 11092742Swollman 111019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11112742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11122742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11132742Swollman# ... 11142742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11152742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11162742Swollman# ... 11172742Swollman 111819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11192742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11202742Swollman 1121169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1122270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1123169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1124273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1125169811Swollman 1126105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1127114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1128169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1129114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1130114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1131114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1132114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1133169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1134105196Swollman# 1135105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1136105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1137105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1138273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1139105196Swollman# 1140169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1141169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1142169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1143169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1144105196Swollman# 1145169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1146169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1147169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1148169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1149169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1150169811Swollman# 1151169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1152169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1153169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1154169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1155169811Swollman# 1156169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1157169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1158169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1159169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1160169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1161105196Swollman 1162169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1163169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1164169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1165169811Swollman 1166169811Swollman 1167171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11682742Swollman# 1169171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1170171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1171171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1172171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11732742Swollman 11742742Swollman 11759908Swollman# South Australia 11762742Swollman 117719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11782742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11792742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11802742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11812742Swollman 118219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11832742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11842742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11852742Swollman# ... 11862742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11872742Swollman# ... 11882742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11892742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1190158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11912742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11922742Swollman 119319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11942742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11952742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 11962742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 11972742Swollman 119819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 11992742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 12002742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 12012742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 12022742Swollman# is on... 12032742Swollman 120419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12052742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12062742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12072742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12082742Swollman 120919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12102742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12112742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12122742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12132742Swollman 1214149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12159908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12169908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12179908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12182742Swollman 1219171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1220171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1221171948Sedwin 12229908Swollman# Tasmania 12239908Swollman 122458787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 122558787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12262742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12272742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12282742Swollman 122919878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12302742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12312742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12322742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12332742Swollman 123458787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 123558787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 123658787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 123758787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 123858787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 123958787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 124058787Sru 124164499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 124264499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 124364499Swollman 1244171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1245171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1246171948Sedwin 12479908Swollman# Victoria 12482742Swollman 124958787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 125058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12512742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12522742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12532742Swollman 125486222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 125586222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 125686222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 125786222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 125886222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 125986222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 126086222Swollman# 126186222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 126286222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 126386222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 126486222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 126586222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 126686222Swollman# expected time. 126786222Swollman# 126886222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 126986222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 127086222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 127186222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 127286222Swollman# 127386222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 127486222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 127586222Swollman 1276171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1277171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1278171948Sedwin 12799908Swollman# New South Wales 12802742Swollman 12812742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12822742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1283149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12842742Swollman# who notes: 12852742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1286270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12872742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12882742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12892742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12902742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12912742Swollman 1292149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 129358787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1294273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1295273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1296273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 12972742Swollman 129858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 129958787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 130058787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1301273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 130258787Sru# 130358787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 130458787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 130558787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1306273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1307270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 130858787Sru# 130958787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1310270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1311273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 131258787Sru# 131358787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1314270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1315273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 131658787Sru# 131758787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 131858787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1319273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1320270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1321270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 132258787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 132358787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 132475267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1325270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 132658787Sru# 132758787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1328270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1329273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13302742Swollman 133143543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 133243543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 133358787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 133443543Swollman 133567578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 133675267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 133775267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 133867578Swollman 1339171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1341171948Sedwin 13429908Swollman# Yancowinna 13432742Swollman 134467578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1345270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13462742Swollman 134719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13482742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13492742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13502742Swollman# ... 135143014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13522742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13532742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13542742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13552742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13562742Swollman# # presently available. 13572742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13582742Swollman# ... 13592742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13602742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13612742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13622742Swollman 13639908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13642742Swollman 136519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1366153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13672742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13682742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13692742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13702742Swollman 137158787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 137258787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 137358787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 137458787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 137558787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 137658787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1377226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 137858787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 137958787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 138058787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 138114343Swollman 138275267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 138375267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 138475267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 138575267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 138675267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 138775267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 138858787Sru 1389158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1390158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1391158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 139267578Swollman 1393171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1394171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1395171948Sedwin 1396192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1397240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1398240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1399192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1400240457Sedwin# 1401192886Sedwin# From 1402192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1403240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1404192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1405240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1406192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1407240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1408240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1409192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1410240457Sedwin# 1411192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1412192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 14132742Swollman############################################################################### 14142742Swollman 141558787Sru# New Zealand 14162742Swollman 141719878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14182742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14192742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14202742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1421270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14222742Swollman 142319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14242742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14252742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1426153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14272742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14282742Swollman# ... 14292742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14302742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14312742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14322742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14332742Swollman# ... 14342742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14352742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14362742Swollman 143719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14382742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14392742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14402742Swollman 144114343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1442158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1443149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 144414343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 144514343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 144614343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 144714343Swollman# 1448158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1449121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1450121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1451158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1452121098Swollman# 1453121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1454121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1455121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 145614343Swollman 1457169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1458169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1459169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1460169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1461169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1462169811Swollman 1463270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1464270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1465273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1466273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1467270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1468270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1469270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1470270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1471270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1472270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1473307361Sbapt# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1474270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1475270728Spluknet 14762742Swollman############################################################################### 14772742Swollman 147858787Sru 14792742Swollman# Fiji 14802742Swollman 148158787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 148258787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 148358787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14842742Swollman 148543543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 148643543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 148775267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 148843543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 148943543Swollman 149058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 149158787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 149258787Sru 1493253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1494253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1495270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1496253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1497253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1498253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 149943543Swollman 150075267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 150175267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 150258787Sru 150314343Swollman 150417200Swollman# Kiribati 150517200Swollman 150617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 150717200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1508270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 150917200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 151017200Swollman 151158787Sru 15122742Swollman# Kwajalein 15132742Swollman 15142742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15152742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 151619878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15172742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15182742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15192742Swollman 152058787Sru 152114343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15222742Swollman 1523270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1524270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15252742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 152675267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 152775267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 152814343Swollman 1529307361Sbapt# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 153075267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 153175267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 153275267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 153358787Sru 153475267Swollman 153517200Swollman# Micronesia 153617200Swollman 1537149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1538270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1539270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 154017200Swollman# 1541307361Sbapt# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1542158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 154317200Swollman 154458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 154558787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1546270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1547273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1548307361Sbapt# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1549307361Sbapt# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 155058787Sru 155158787Sru 1552121098Swollman# Midway 1553121098Swollman 1554121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1555121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1556121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1557121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1558121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1559121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1560121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1561121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1562121098Swollman# 1563121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1564121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1565121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1566121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1567121098Swollman 1568290697Sedwin# Norfolk 1569121098Swollman 1570290697Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1571290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1572290697Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1573290697Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1574290697Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1575290697Sedwin 1576290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1577290697Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1578290697Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1579290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1580290697Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1581290697Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1582290697Sedwin 158358787Sru# Pitcairn 158458787Sru 158558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 158658787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 158758787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 158858787Sru# 158958787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 159058787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 159158787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 159258787Sru# 159358787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 159458787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 159558787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 159658787Sru 159758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 159858787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 159958787Sru# ... at midnight. 160058787Sru 160158787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 160258787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 160358787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 160458787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 160558787Sru 160658787Sru 1607270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 160814343Swollman 160958787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 161058787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1611270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1612270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1613270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 161417200Swollman 1615307361Sbapt# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1616307361Sbapt# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1617270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1618270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1619307361Sbapt# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1620270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1621270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1622270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 162358787Sru 162417200Swollman# Tonga 162517200Swollman 162617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1627270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1628270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 162917200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 163058787Sru 163158787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1632273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1633273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1634273718Sedwin# 163558787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 163658787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 163758787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 163858787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 163958787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 164058787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 164158787Sru# 1642270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1643270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 164458787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 164558787Sru# 164658787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 164758787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 164858787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 164958787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 165058787Sru# 165158787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 165258787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 165358787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 165458787Sru 1655158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1656158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 165758787Sru 165858787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1659253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 166058787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 166158787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 166258787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 166358787Sru# Government. 166458787Sru 1665149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 166658787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 166775267Swollman# 1668149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 166958787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 167075267Swollman# 167158787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 167258787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 167358787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 167458787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 167558787Sru 1676149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1677270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 167875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 167975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 168075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 168175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 168258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 168358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 168458787Sru 168558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 168658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 168758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 168858787Sru 168975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 169075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 169175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 169275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 169375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 169475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1695270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 169658787Sru 169775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 169875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 169975267Swollman 170093799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 170193799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 170293799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 170393799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 170493799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 170586222Swollman 1706308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 1707114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 170886222Swollman 1709308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 1710308302Sgjb# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1711308302Sgjb# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1712308302Sgjb# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1713308302Sgjb# 1714308302Sgjb# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1715308302Sgjb# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1716308302Sgjb# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1717121098Swollman 1718121098Swollman# Wake 1719121098Swollman 1720121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1721121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1722121098Swollman# 1723270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1724121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1725121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1726121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1727121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1728121098Swollman# impossible. 1729121098Swollman# 1730121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1731121098Swollman 1732121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1733121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1734121098Swollman 173558787Sru############################################################################### 173658787Sru 173758787Sru# The International Date Line 173858787Sru 173958787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 174075267Swollman# 174158787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 174258787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 174358787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 174458787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 174558787Sru# 174658787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 174758787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 174858787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 174958787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 175058787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 175158787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1752153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 175358787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 175458787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 175558787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 175658787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1757149514Swollman 1758153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1759153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1760153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1761153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1762153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1763153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1764153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1765153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1766153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1767153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1768270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1769153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1770153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1771153670Swollman 1772149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1773149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1774149514Swollman# 1775149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1776273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1777149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1778149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1779