australasia revision 316349
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70# 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80 10:00 AQ AE%sT 81Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 85 86# South Australia 87# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107 9:30 AS AC%sT 108 109# Tasmania 110# 111# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114# 115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 141Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145 10:00 AT AE%sT 146 147# Victoria 148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166 10:00 AV AE%sT 167 168# New South Wales 169# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AN AE%sT 190Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195 9:30 AS AC%sT 196 197# Lord Howe Island 198# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 213Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 216 10:30 LH +1030/+11 217 218# Australian miscellany 219# 220# Ashmore Is, Cartier 221# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 222# no times are set 223# 224# Coral Sea Is 225# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 226# no times are set 227# 228# Macquarie 229# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 230# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 231# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 232# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 233# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 234# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 235# 236# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 237# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 238# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 239# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 240# on 4 April. 241# 242# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 243# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 244# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 245# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 246# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 247Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 248 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 249 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 250 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 251 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 253 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 254 11:00 - +11 255 256# Christmas 257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 259 7:00 - +07 260 261# Cocos (Keeling) Is 262# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 263# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 266 6:30 - +0630 267 268 269# Fiji 270 271# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 272 273# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276# 277# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280 281# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 282# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 283# amendments: 284# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 285 286# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 287# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 288# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 289# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 290# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 291# 292# Official source: 293# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294# 295# A bit more background info here: 296# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 297 298# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 299# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 300# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 301# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 302# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 303# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 305 306# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 307# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 308# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 309# 310# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 311# which says 312# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 313# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 314# 2am on February 26 next year. 315 316# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 317# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 318# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 319# 320# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 321# states: 322# 323# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 324# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 325# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 326# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 327 328# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 329# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 330# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 331# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 333 334# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 335# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 336# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 337# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 338 339# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 340# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 341# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 342 343# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 344# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 345# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 346 347# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 348# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 349# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 350# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 351# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 352# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 353 354# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 355# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 356# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 357# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 358# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 359 360# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): 361# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 362# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 363# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 364# practice than guessing no DST. 365 366# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 367Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 368Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 369Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 370Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 371Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 372Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 373Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 374Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 375Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 376Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 379 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 380 381# French Polynesia 382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 384 -9:00 - -09 385Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 386 -9:30 - -0930 387Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 388 -10:00 - -10 389# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 390# it is uninhabited. 391 392# Guam 393# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 395 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 396 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 397 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 398Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 399 400# Kiribati 401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 403 12:00 - +12 404Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 405 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 406 -11:00 - -11 1995 407 13:00 - +13 408Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 409 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 410 -10:00 - -10 1995 411 14:00 - +14 412 413# N Mariana Is 414# See Pacific/Guam. 415 416# Marshall Is 417# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 419 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 420 12:00 - +12 421Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 423 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 424 12:00 - +12 425 426# Micronesia 427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 429 10:00 - +10 430Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 431 11:00 - +11 432Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 433 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 434 12:00 - +12 1999 435 11:00 - +11 436 437# Nauru 438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 440 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 441 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 442 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 443 12:00 - +12 444 445# New Caledonia 446# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 447Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 448Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 449Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 450# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 451Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 454 11:00 NC +11/+12 455 456 457############################################################################### 458 459# New Zealand 460 461# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 462Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 463Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 464Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 465Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 466Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 467Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 468Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 469# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 470# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 471# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 472Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 473Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 474Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 475Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 476Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 477Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 478Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 479Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 480Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 481Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 482Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 483Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 484Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 485Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 486Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 487Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 488Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 489Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 492 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 493 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 494Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 495 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 496 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 497 498Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 499 500# Auckland Is 501# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 502# and scientific personnel have wintered 503 504# Campbell I 505# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 506# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 507# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 508# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 509 510# Cook Is 511# From Shanks & Pottenger: 512# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 513Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 514Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 515Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 518 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 519 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 520 521############################################################################### 522 523 524# Niue 525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 527 -11:20 - -1120 1951 528 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 529 -11:00 - -11 530 531# Norfolk 532# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 534 11:12 - +1112 1951 535 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 536 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 537 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 538 11:00 - +11 539 540# Palau (Belau) 541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 543 9:00 - +09 544 545# Papua New Guinea 546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 548 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 549 10:00 - +10 550# 551# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 552# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 553# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 554# 555# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 556# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 557# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 558# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 559# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 560# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 561# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 562# 563# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 564# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 565# See: 566# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 567# 568Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 569 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 570 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 571 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 572 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 573 11:00 - +11 574 575# Pitcairn 576# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 577Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 578 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 579 -8:00 - -08 580 581# American Samoa 582Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 583 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 584 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 585Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 586 587# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 588 589# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 590# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 591# the following info: 592# 593# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 594# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 595# Sunday of April 2011." 596# 597# Background info: 598# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 599# 600# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 601# contain any dates: 602# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 603 604# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 605# Please see 606# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 607# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 608# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 609# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 610# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 611 612# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 613# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 614# 615# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 616# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 617# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 618# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 619 620# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 621# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 622# 623# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 624 625# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 626# The International Date Line Act 2011 627# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 628# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 629# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 630# accordingly. 631 632# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 633# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 634# 635# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 636# 637# DST 638# Year End Time Start Time 639# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 640# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 641# 642# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 643# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 644# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 645# 646# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 647# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 648# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 649# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 650# 651# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 652# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 653# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 654 655# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 656Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 657Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 658Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 659Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 660Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 662Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 663 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 664 -11:30 - -1130 1950 665 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 666 13:00 WS +13/+14 667 668# Solomon Is 669# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 672 11:00 - +11 673 674# Tokelau 675# 676# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 677# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 678# December 31 this year ... 679# 680# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 681# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 682# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 683# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 684# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 685# 686# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 687# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 688# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 689# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 690# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 691# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 692 693# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 694Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 695 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 696 13:00 - +13 697 698# Tonga 699# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 700Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 701Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 702Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 703Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 704Rule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 705Rule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 706# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 708 12:20 - +1220 1941 709 13:00 - +13 1999 710 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 711 712# Tuvalu 713# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 714Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 715 12:00 - +12 716 717 718# US minor outlying islands 719 720# Howland, Baker 721# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 722# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 723# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 724# uninhabited thereafter. 725# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 726# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 727# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 728# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 729# until they were abandoned after the war. 730 731# Jarvis 732# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 733# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 734# uninhabited thereafter. 735# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 736 737# Johnston 738# 739# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 740# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 741# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 742# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 743# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 744# 745# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 746# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 747# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 748# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 749# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 750# 751# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 752# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 753# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 754# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 755# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 756# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 757# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 758# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 759# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 760# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 761# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 762# Minus One Hour". 763 764# Kingman 765# uninhabited 766 767# Midway 768# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 769 770# Palmyra 771# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 772 773# Wake 774# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 775Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 776 12:00 - +12 777 778 779# Vanuatu 780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 783Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 784Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 785Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 786Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 789 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 790 791# Wallis and Futuna 792# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 794 12:00 - +12 795 796############################################################################### 797 798# NOTES 799 800# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 801# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 802# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 803# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 804 805# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 806# 807# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 808# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 809# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 810# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 811# 812# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 813# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 814# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 815# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 816# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 817# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 818# 819# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 820# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 821# I found in the UCLA library. 822# 823# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 824# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 825# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 826# 827# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 828# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 829# 830# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 831# Corrections are welcome! 832# std dst 833# LMT Local Mean Time 834# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 835# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 836# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 837# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 838# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 839# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 840# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 841# -11:00 SST Samoa 842# -10:00 HST Hawaii 843# 844# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 845# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 846 847############################################################################### 848 849# Australia 850 851# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 852# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 853# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 854# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 855# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 856# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 857# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 858# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 859# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 860# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 861# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 862# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 863 864# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 865# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 866# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 867# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 868 869# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 870# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 871# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 872# covers New South Wales in particular. 873 874# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 875# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 876# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 877# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 878# abbreviation does _not_ change... 879# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 880# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 881# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 882# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 883# time'. 884# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 885# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 886# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 887# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 888# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 889# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 890# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 891 892# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 893# 894# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 895# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 896# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 897# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 898# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 899# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 900# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 901# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 902# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 903# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 904# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 905# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 906# 907# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 908# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 909# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 910# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 911# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 912# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 913# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 914# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 915# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 916# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 917# 918# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 920# 921# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 922# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 923# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 924# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 925# 926# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 927# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 928# 929# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 930# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 931# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 932# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 933# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 934# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 935# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 936# 937# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 938# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 939# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 940# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 941# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 942# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 943# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 944# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 945# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 946# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 947# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 948# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 949# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 950# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 951# 952# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 953# 954# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 955# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 956# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 957# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 958# 959# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 960# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 961# EST CST WST EDT CDT 962# 963# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 964# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 965# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 966# 967# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 968# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 969# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 970# 971# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 972# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 973# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 974# 975# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 976# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 977# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 978# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 979# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 980# appear in reports of events with international implications. 981# 982# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 983# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 984# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 985# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 986# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 987# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 988# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 989# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 990# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 991 992# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 993# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 994# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 995# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 996# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 997# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 998# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 999 1000# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1001# 1002# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1003# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1004# relevant entries in this database. 1005# 1006# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1007# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1008# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1009# ACT 1010# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1011# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1012# SA 1013# Standard Time Act, 1898 1014# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1015 1016# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1017# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1018# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1019# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1020# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1021# 1022# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1023# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1024# to extend DST together in 2006. 1025# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1026# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1027# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1028# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1029# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1030# allude to it. 1031# But not Queensland 1032# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1033 1034# Northern Territory 1035 1036# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1037# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1038# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1039# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1040# ... 1041# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1042 1043# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1044# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1045# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1046 1047# Western Australia 1048 1049# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1050# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1051# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1052# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1053# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1054# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1055# # before reaching parliament. 1056# ... 1057# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1058# ... 1059# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1060# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1061# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1062# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1063 1064# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1065# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1066# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1067 1068# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1069# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1070# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1071# work at 9.00am.) 1072# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1073# everybody again. 1074 1075# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1076# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1077# it matches what was used in the past. 1078 1079# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1080# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1081# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1082# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1083 1084# Queensland 1085# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1086# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1087# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1088# ... 1089# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1090# ... 1091# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1092# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1093# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1094# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1095 1096# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1097# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1098# October 1989). 1099 1100# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1101# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1102# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1103# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1104 1105# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1106# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1107# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1108# me.) 1109 1110# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1111# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1112# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1113# ... 1114# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1115# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1116# ... 1117 1118# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1119# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1120 1121# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1122# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1123# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1124# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1125 1126# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1127# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1128# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1129# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1130# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1131# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1132# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1133# Australia and Western Australia.... 1134# 1135# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1136# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1137# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1138# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1139# 1140# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1141# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1142# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1143# coast of the continent. 1144# 1145# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1146# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1147# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1148# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1149# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1150# 1151# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1152# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1153# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1154# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1155# 1156# (2006-12-09): 1157# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1158# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1159# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1160# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1161 1162# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1163# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1164# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1165 1166 1167# southeast Australia 1168# 1169# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1170# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1171# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1172# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1173 1174 1175# South Australia 1176 1177# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1178# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1179# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1180# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1181 1182# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1183# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1184# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1185# ... 1186# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1187# ... 1188# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1189# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1190# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1191# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1192 1193# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1194# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1195# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1196# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1197 1198# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1199# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1200# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1201# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1202# is on... 1203 1204# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1205# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1206# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1207# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1208 1209# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1210# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1211# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1212# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1213 1214# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1215# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1216# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1217# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1218 1219# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1220# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1221 1222# Tasmania 1223 1224# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1225# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1226# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1227# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1228 1229# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1230# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1231# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1232# (but nothing new about that). 1233 1234# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1235# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1236# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1237# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1238# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1239# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1240 1241# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1242# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1243 1244# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1245# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1246 1247# Victoria 1248 1249# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1250# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1251# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1252# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1253 1254# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1255# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1256# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1257# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1258# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1259# in Melbourne, Australia. 1260# 1261# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1262# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1263# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1264# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1265# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1266# expected time. 1267# 1268# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1269# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1270# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1271# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1272# 1273# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1274# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1275 1276# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1277# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1278 1279# New South Wales 1280 1281# From Arthur David Olson: 1282# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1283# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1284# who notes: 1285# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1286# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1287# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1288# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1289# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1290# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1291 1292# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1293# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1294# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1295# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1296# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1297 1298# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1299# See the following official NSW source: 1300# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1301# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1302# 1303# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1304# daylight saving next year. See: 1305# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1306# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1307# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1308# 1309# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1310# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1311# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1312# 1313# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1314# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1315# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1316# 1317# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1318# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1319# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1320# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1321# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1322# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1323# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1324# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1325# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1326# 1327# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1328# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1329# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1330 1331# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1332# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1333# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1334 1335# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1336# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1337# towns to use Queensland time. 1338 1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1341 1342# Yancowinna 1343 1344# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1345# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1346 1347# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1348# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1349# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1350# ... 1351# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1352# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1353# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1354# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1355# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1356# # presently available. 1357# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1358# ... 1359# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1360# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1361# [followed by other Rules] 1362 1363# Lord Howe Island 1364 1365# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1366# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1367# [ Dec 1990 ] 1368# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1369# hour ahead of NSW time. 1370 1371# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1372# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1373# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1374# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1375# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1376# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1377# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1378# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1379# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1380# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1381 1382# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1383# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1384# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1385# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1386# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1387# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1388 1389# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1390# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1391# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1392 1393# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1394# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1395 1396# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1397# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1398# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1399# summer (southern hemisphere). 1400# 1401# From 1402# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1403# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1404# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1405# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1406# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1407# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1408# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1409# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1410# 1411# We have a wrap-up here: 1412# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1413############################################################################### 1414 1415# New Zealand 1416 1417# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1418# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1419# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1420# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1421# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1422 1423# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1424# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1425# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1426# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1427# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1428# ... 1429# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1430# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1431# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1432# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1433# ... 1434# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1435# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1436 1437# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1438# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1439# rather than the October 1 value. 1440 1441# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1442# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1443# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1444# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1445# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1446# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1447# 1448# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1449# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1450# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1451# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1452# 1453# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1454# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1455# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1456 1457# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1458# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1459# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1460# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1461# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1462 1463# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1464# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1465# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1466# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1467# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1468# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1469# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1470# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1471# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1472# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1473# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1474# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1475 1476############################################################################### 1477 1478 1479# Fiji 1480 1481# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1482# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1483# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1484 1485# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1486# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1487# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1488# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1489 1490# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1491# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1492 1493# From the BBC World Service in 1494# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1495# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1496# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1497# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1498# of the new millennium. 1499 1500# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1501# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1502 1503 1504# Kiribati 1505 1506# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1507# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1508# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1509# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1510 1511 1512# Kwajalein 1513 1514# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1515# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1516# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1517# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1518# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1519 1520 1521# N Mariana Is, Guam 1522 1523# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1524# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1525# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1526# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1527# see Asia/Manila. 1528 1529# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1530# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1531# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1532# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1533 1534 1535# Micronesia 1536 1537# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1538# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1539# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1540# 1541# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1542# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1543 1544# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1545# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1546# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1547# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1548# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1549# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1550 1551 1552# Midway 1553 1554# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1555# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1556# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1557# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1558# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1559# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1560# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1561# air at 6am your time. 1562# 1563# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1564# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1565# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1566# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1567 1568# Norfolk 1569 1570# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1571# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1572# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1573# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1574# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1575 1576# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1577# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1578# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1579# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1580# other than in 1974/5. See: 1581# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1582 1583# Pitcairn 1584 1585# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1586# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1587# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1588# 1589# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1590# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1591# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1592# 1593# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1594# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1595# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1596 1597# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1598# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1599# ... at midnight. 1600 1601# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1602# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1603# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1604# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1605 1606 1607# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1608 1609# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1610# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1611# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1612# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1613# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1614 1615# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1616# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1617# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1618# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1619# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1620# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1621# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1622# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1623 1624# Tonga 1625 1626# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1627# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1628# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1629# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1630 1631# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1632# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1633# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1634# 1635# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1636# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1637# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1638# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1639# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1640# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1641# 1642# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1643# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1644# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1645# 1646# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1647# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1648# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1649# minutes we have lost?" 1650# 1651# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1652# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1653# to say your prayers in the morning." 1654 1655# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1656# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1657 1658# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1659# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1660# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1661# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1662# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1663# Government. 1664 1665# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1666# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1667# 1668# I was given this link by John Letts: 1669# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1670# 1671# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1672# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1673# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1674# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1675 1676# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1677# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1678# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1679# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1680# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1681# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1682# set back an hour on the closing date." 1683# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1684 1685# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1686# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1687# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1688 1689# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1690# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1691# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1692# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1693# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1694# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1695# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1696 1697# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1698# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1699 1700# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1701# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1702# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1703# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1704# hour to 1:00am. 1705 1706# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 1707# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1708 1709# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 1710# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1711# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1712# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1713# 1714# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1715# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1716# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1717 1718# Wake 1719 1720# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1721# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1722# 1723# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1724# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1725# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1726# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1727# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1728# impossible. 1729# 1730# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1731 1732# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1733# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1734 1735############################################################################### 1736 1737# The International Date Line 1738 1739# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1740# 1741# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1742# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1743# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1744# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1745# 1746# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1747# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1748# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1749# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1750# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1751# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1752# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1753# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1754# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1755# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1756# correct date is ambiguous. 1757 1758# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1759# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1760# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1761# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1762# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1763# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1764# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1765# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1766# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1767# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1768# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1769# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1770# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1771 1772# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1773# (2005-03-20): 1774# 1775# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1776# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1777# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1778# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1779