australasia revision 290697
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47270728Spluknet 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48270728Spluknet 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 6320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 702742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 7320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 772742Swollman 789908Swollman# South Australia 792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 962742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1002742Swollman 1019908Swollman# Tasmania 102149514Swollman# 103149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106149514Swollman# 1072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1282742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 133149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1382742Swollman 1399908Swollman# Victoria 1402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1562742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1592742Swollman 1609908Swollman# New South Wales 1612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1822742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1888029Swollman 18914343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19014343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191270728SpluknetRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192270728SpluknetRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193270728SpluknetRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196270728SpluknetRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197270728SpluknetRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198270728SpluknetRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199270728SpluknetRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200270728SpluknetRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201270728SpluknetRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202270728SpluknetRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 2052742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207270728Spluknet 10:30 LH LH%sT 2088029Swollman 20914343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2102742Swollman# 2112742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21214343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213169811Swollman# no times are set 2142742Swollman# 21514343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21614343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217169811Swollman# no times are set 21814343Swollman# 21930711Swollman# Macquarie 220249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226249692Sedwin# 227249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 232253009Sedwin# 233253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238249692SedwinZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242249692Sedwin 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244273718Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245249692Sedwin 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 2462742Swollman 24743014Swollman# Christmas 24843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 25043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2512742Swollman 252267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2582742Swollman 259267473Sedwin 2602742Swollman# Fiji 261248307Sedwin 262248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263248307Sedwin 264199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267199336Sedwin# 268199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271199336Sedwin 272199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274199336Sedwin# amendments: 275199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276204887Sedwin 277204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282204887Sedwin# 283204887Sedwin# Official source: 284204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285204887Sedwin# 286204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 287204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288204887Sedwin 289214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296214722Sedwin 297226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300226289Sedwin# 301270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302226289Sedwin# which says 303240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 306226289Sedwin 307226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310226976Sedwin# 311226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312226976Sedwin# states: 313226976Sedwin# 314226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318226976Sedwin 319240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324257681Sedwin 325257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329263041Sedwin 330263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333263041Sedwin 334273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337240457Sedwin 338290697Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 339290697Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 340290697Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 341290697Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 342290697Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 343290697Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 344290697Sedwin 345290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): 346273718Sedwin# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 347290697Sedwin# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 348290697Sedwin# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 349273718Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 350273718Sedwin 35143543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 35375267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 354199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 355204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 356273718SedwinRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 357214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 358263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 359273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 360273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 361290697SedwinRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 3622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 36443543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3652742Swollman 3662742Swollman# French Polynesia 3672742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 36919878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3702742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 37119878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 372273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 37319878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 37443014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 37543014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3762742Swollman 3772742Swollman# Guam 3782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 37975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 380273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 381273718Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 38275267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 383280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 3842742Swollman 3852742Swollman# Kiribati 3862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 388273718Sedwin 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3892742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 39019878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 39119878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 39219878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3932742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 39419878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 39519878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 39619878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3972742Swollman 39814343Swollman# N Mariana Is 399280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 40014343Swollman 40114343Swollman# Marshall Is 40214343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 40314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 40419878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 40519878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 40614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 40719878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 408273718Sedwin -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 40919878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 41014343Swollman 41114343Swollman# Micronesia 41214343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 414273718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 415273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 416273718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 41714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 418273718Sedwin 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 41958787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 42058787Sru 11:00 - KOST 42114343Swollman 4222742Swollman# Nauru 4232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 425273718Sedwin 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 4262742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 42719878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 42819878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 4292742Swollman 4302742Swollman# New Caledonia 4312742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 43219878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 43319878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 43443014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 435158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 43643014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 4392742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4402742Swollman 4412742Swollman 4422742Swollman############################################################################### 4432742Swollman 4442742Swollman# New Zealand 4452742Swollman 4462742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 447121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 448121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 449121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 450121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 451121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 452121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 453121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 454121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 455267473Sedwin# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 456267473Sedwin# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 457114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 458121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 459114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 460121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4619908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 462121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 463114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 464121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 465114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 466121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 467169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 468169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 469169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 470169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 471169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 472169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 473169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 474169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 477121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4782742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 479270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 480270728Spluknet 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 481121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4822742Swollman 483257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 4848029Swollman 48530711Swollman# Auckland Is 486270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 48758787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4882742Swollman 48930711Swollman# Campbell I 49058787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 49158787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 49258787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 49330711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 49430711Swollman 495267473Sedwin# Cook Is 496267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 497267473Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 498267473SedwinRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 499267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 500267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 501267473Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 503273718Sedwin -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 504267473Sedwin -10:00 Cook CK%sT 505267473Sedwin 5062742Swollman############################################################################### 5072742Swollman 5082742Swollman 5092742Swollman# Niue 5102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 512273718Sedwin -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 513273718Sedwin -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 51419878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 5152742Swollman 5162742Swollman# Norfolk 5172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 519273718Sedwin 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 520290697Sedwin 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 521290697Sedwin 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 522290697Sedwin 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 523290697Sedwin 11:00 - NFT 5242742Swollman 52558787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5269908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527273718SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 52819878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 5299908Swollman 5302742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 533273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 534273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 535273718Sedwin# 536273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 537273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 538273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 539273718Sedwin# 540273718Sedwin# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 541273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 542273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 543273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 544273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 545273718Sedwin# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 546273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 547273718Sedwin# 548273718Sedwin# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 549273718Sedwin# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 550273718Sedwin# abbreviate this as BST. See: 551273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 552273718Sedwin# 553273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 554273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 555273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 556273718Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 557273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 558273718Sedwin 11:00 - BST 5592742Swollman 5602742Swollman# Pitcairn 5612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 562273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 563273718Sedwin -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 56458787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 5652742Swollman 56614343Swollman# American Samoa 56714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 56814343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 569273718Sedwin -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 570273718Sedwin -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 571273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 572280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 57314343Swollman 574270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 575196582Sedwin 576204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 577204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 578204887Sedwin# the following info: 579197000Sedwin# 580204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 581204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 582204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 583204887Sedwin# 584204887Sedwin# Background info: 585197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 586198270Sedwin# 587204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 588204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 589204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 590198270Sedwin 591226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 592214722Sedwin# Please see 593214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 594214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 595214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 596214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 597214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 598214722Sedwin 599226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 600270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 601219687Sedwin# 602270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 603270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 604270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 605270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 606219687Sedwin 607270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 608226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 609240457Sedwin# 610226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 611226289Sedwin 612270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 613270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 614270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 615270728Spluknet# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 616270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 617270728Spluknet# accordingly. 618226289Sedwin 619226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 620226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 621226289Sedwin# 622226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 623226289Sedwin# 624226289Sedwin# DST 625270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 626270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 627270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 628226289Sedwin# 629226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 630226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 631226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 632233445Sedwin# 633270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 634241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 635270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 636241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 637241869Sedwin# 638270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 639270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 640270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 641241869Sedwin 642241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 643270728SpluknetRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 644270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 645270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 646270728SpluknetRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 647241869SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 648241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 64914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 65014343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 651270728Spluknet -11:30 - WSST 1950 652270728Spluknet -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 653241869Sedwin 13:00 WS WS%sT 65414343Swollman 6552742Swollman# Solomon Is 6562742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 65919878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 6602742Swollman 6612742Swollman# Tokelau Is 662233445Sedwin# 663233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 664233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 665240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 666233445Sedwin# 667240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 668240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 669240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 670240457Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 671240457Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 672233445Sedwin# 673240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 674240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 675240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 676240457Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 677240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 678240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 679233445Sedwin 6802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6812742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 682273718Sedwin -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 683240457Sedwin 13:00 - TKT 6842742Swollman 6852742Swollman# Tonga 68658787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68775267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 68875267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 689114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 690114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 6912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6922742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 69358787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 69458787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 69558787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 6962742Swollman 6972742Swollman# Tuvalu 6982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6992742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 70019878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 7012742Swollman 70243014Swollman 70343014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 70443014Swollman 70543014Swollman# Howland, Baker 706171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 707171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 708171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 709171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 710257681Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 711171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 712171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 713171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 714171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 71543014Swollman 71643014Swollman# Jarvis 717171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 718171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 719171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 72043014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 72143014Swollman 72243014Swollman# Johnston 723257681Sedwin# 724263901Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 725263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 726263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 727263901Sedwin# treat it like Hawaii for now. 728263901Sedwin# 729257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 730257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 731257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 732257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 733257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 734257681Sedwin# 735263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 736263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 737263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 738263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 739263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 740263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 741263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 742273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 743273718Sedwin# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 744263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 745263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 746263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 747263901Sedwin# 748257681Sedwin# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 74943014Swollman 75043014Swollman# Kingman 75143014Swollman# uninhabited 75243014Swollman 75343014Swollman# Midway 754280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 75543014Swollman 75643014Swollman# Palmyra 75743014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 75843014Swollman 75943014Swollman# Wake 76043014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 76143014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 76243014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 76343014Swollman 76443014Swollman 7652742Swollman# Vanuatu 7662742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 76719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 76819878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 76919878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 77020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 77120094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 77220094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 774273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 77519878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 7762742Swollman 7772742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7792742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 78019878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 7812742Swollman 7822742Swollman############################################################################### 7832742Swollman 7842742Swollman# NOTES 7852742Swollman 786273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7872742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 788273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 789273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 7902742Swollman 791274559Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 792274559Sedwin# 793274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 794158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 795158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 796274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 7972742Swollman# 79886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 79920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 80020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 80120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 802274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 803274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 80420094Swollman# 8052742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8062742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8072742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8082742Swollman# 809248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 810273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 811273718Sedwin# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 812248307Sedwin# 8132742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 81458787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8152742Swollman# 816270728Spluknet# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 8172742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 8182742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 819270728Spluknet# std dst 820270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 821270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 822270728Spluknet# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 823270728Spluknet# 9:00 JST Japan 824270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 825270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 826270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 827270728Spluknet# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 828273718Sedwin# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 829270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 830270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 831270728Spluknet# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 832270728Spluknet# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 833270728Spluknet# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 834270728Spluknet# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 835270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 836270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 837270728Spluknet# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 8382742Swollman# 839270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 840270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8412742Swollman 8422742Swollman############################################################################### 8432742Swollman 8442742Swollman# Australia 8452742Swollman 846270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 847270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 848270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 849270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 850270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 851270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 852270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 853270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 854270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 855270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 856270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 857270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 858270728Spluknet 859153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 860153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 861273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 862270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 86358787Sru 864153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 865153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 866273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 867270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 868153670Swollman 86919878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 870270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 871270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 872270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8732742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8742742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8752742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8762742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 877270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8782742Swollman# time'. 8792742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 880270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 881270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8822742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8832742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 884270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8852742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8862742Swollman 887270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 88886222Swollman# 889270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 890270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 891270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 892270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 893270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 894270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 895270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 896270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 897270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 898270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 899270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 900270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 90186222Swollman# 902270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 903270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 904270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 905270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 906270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 907270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 908270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 909270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 910270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 911270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 91286222Swollman# 913270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 914270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 91586222Swollman# 916270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 917270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 918270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 919270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 92086222Swollman# 921270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 922270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 92386222Swollman# 924270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 925270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 926270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 927270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 928270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 929270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 930270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 93186222Swollman# 932270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 933270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 934270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 935270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 936270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 937270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 938270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 939270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 940270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 941270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 942270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 943270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 944270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 945270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 94686222Swollman# 947270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 94886222Swollman# 949270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 950270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 951270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 952270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 95386222Swollman# 954270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 955270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 956270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 95786222Swollman# 958270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 959270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 960270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 96186222Swollman# 962270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 963270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 964270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 96586222Swollman# 966270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 967270728Spluknet# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 968270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 96986222Swollman# 970270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 971270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 972270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 973270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 974270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 975270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 97686222Swollman# 977270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 978270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 979270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 980270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 981270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 982270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 983270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 984270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 985270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 98686222Swollman 98714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 988158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 989149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9909908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 9919908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 992270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 99314343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 9942742Swollman 995149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 99675267Swollman# 99743014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 99843014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 99943014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 100075267Swollman# 100143014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 100243014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1003273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 100443014Swollman# ACT 100543014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1006273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 100743014Swollman# SA 100843014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1009273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 101043014Swollman 1011149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1012149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1013149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1014149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1015149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1016149514Swollman# 1017149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1018149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1019149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1020149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1021149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1022149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1023149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1024149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1025149514Swollman# allude to it. 1026149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1027270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1028149514Swollman 10299908Swollman# Northern Territory 10309908Swollman 103119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10322742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10332742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10342742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10352742Swollman# ... 10369908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10372742Swollman 103819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10392742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10402742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10412742Swollman 10429908Swollman# Western Australia 10432742Swollman 104419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10452742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10462742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10472742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10482742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10492742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10502742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10512742Swollman# ... 10522742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10532742Swollman# ... 10542742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10552742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10562742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10572742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10582742Swollman 105919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10602742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10612742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10622742Swollman 106319878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10642742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10652742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10662742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10672742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10682742Swollman# everybody again. 10692742Swollman 107019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10712742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10722742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10732742Swollman 107458787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1075273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1076270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 107758787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 107858787Sru 10799908Swollman# Queensland 108019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10812742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10822742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10832742Swollman# ... 10842742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10852742Swollman# ... 10862742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10872742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10882742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10892742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10902742Swollman 109119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 10922742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 10932742Swollman# October 1989). 10942742Swollman 109519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10962742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10972742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10982742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10992742Swollman 110019878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11012742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11022742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11032742Swollman# me.) 11042742Swollman 110519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11062742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11072742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11082742Swollman# ... 11092742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11102742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11112742Swollman# ... 11122742Swollman 111319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11142742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11152742Swollman 1116169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1117270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1118169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1119273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1120169811Swollman 1121105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1122114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1123169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1124114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1125114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1126114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1127114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1128169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1129105196Swollman# 1130105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1131105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1132105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1133273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1134105196Swollman# 1135169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1136169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1137169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1138169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1139105196Swollman# 1140169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1141169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1142169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1143169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1144169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1145169811Swollman# 1146169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1147169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1148169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1149169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1150169811Swollman# 1151169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1152169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1153169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1154169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1155169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1156105196Swollman 1157169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1158169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1159169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1160169811Swollman 1161169811Swollman 1162171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11632742Swollman# 1164171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1165171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1166171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1167171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11682742Swollman 11692742Swollman 11709908Swollman# South Australia 11712742Swollman 117219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11732742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11742742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11752742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11762742Swollman 117719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11782742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11792742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11802742Swollman# ... 11812742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11822742Swollman# ... 11832742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11842742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1185158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11862742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11872742Swollman 118819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11892742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11902742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 11912742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 11922742Swollman 119319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 11942742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 11952742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 11962742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 11972742Swollman# is on... 11982742Swollman 119919878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12002742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12012742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12022742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12032742Swollman 120419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12052742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12062742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12072742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12082742Swollman 1209149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12109908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12119908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12129908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12132742Swollman 1214171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1215171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1216171948Sedwin 12179908Swollman# Tasmania 12189908Swollman 121958787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 122058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12212742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12222742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12232742Swollman 122419878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12252742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12262742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12272742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12282742Swollman 122958787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 123058787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 123158787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 123258787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 123358787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 123458787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 123558787Sru 123664499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 123764499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 123864499Swollman 1239171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1240171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1241171948Sedwin 12429908Swollman# Victoria 12432742Swollman 124458787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 124558787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12462742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12472742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12482742Swollman 124986222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 125086222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 125186222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 125286222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 125386222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 125486222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 125586222Swollman# 125686222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 125786222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 125886222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 125986222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 126086222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 126186222Swollman# expected time. 126286222Swollman# 126386222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 126486222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 126586222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 126686222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 126786222Swollman# 126886222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 126986222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 127086222Swollman 1271171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1272171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1273171948Sedwin 12749908Swollman# New South Wales 12752742Swollman 12762742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12772742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1278149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12792742Swollman# who notes: 12802742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1281270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12822742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12832742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12842742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12852742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12862742Swollman 1287149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 128858787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1289273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1290273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1291273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 12922742Swollman 129358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 129458787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 129558787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1296273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 129758787Sru# 129858787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 129958787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 130058787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1301273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1302270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 130358787Sru# 130458787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1305270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1306273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 130758787Sru# 130858787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1309270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1310273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 131158787Sru# 131258787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 131358787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1314273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1315270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1316270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 131758787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 131858787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 131975267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1320270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 132158787Sru# 132258787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1323270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1324273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13252742Swollman 132643543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 132743543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 132858787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 132943543Swollman 133067578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 133175267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 133275267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 133367578Swollman 1334171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1335171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1336171948Sedwin 13379908Swollman# Yancowinna 13382742Swollman 133967578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1340270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13412742Swollman 134219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13432742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13442742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13452742Swollman# ... 134643014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13472742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13482742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13492742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13502742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13512742Swollman# # presently available. 13522742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13532742Swollman# ... 13542742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13552742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13562742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13572742Swollman 13589908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13592742Swollman 136019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1361153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13622742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13632742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13642742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13652742Swollman 136658787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 136758787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 136858787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 136958787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 137058787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 137158787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1372226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 137358787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 137458787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 137558787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 137614343Swollman 137775267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 137875267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 137975267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 138075267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 138175267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 138275267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 138358787Sru 1384158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1385158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1386158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 138767578Swollman 1388171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1389171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1390171948Sedwin 1391192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1392240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1393240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1394192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1395240457Sedwin# 1396192886Sedwin# From 1397192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1398240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1399192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1400240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1401192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1402240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1403240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1404192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1405240457Sedwin# 1406192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1407192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 14082742Swollman############################################################################### 14092742Swollman 141058787Sru# New Zealand 14112742Swollman 141219878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14132742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14142742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14152742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1416270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14172742Swollman 141819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14192742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14202742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1421153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14222742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14232742Swollman# ... 14242742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14252742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14262742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14272742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14282742Swollman# ... 14292742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14302742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14312742Swollman 143219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14332742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14342742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14352742Swollman 143614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1437158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1438149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 143914343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 144014343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 144114343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 144214343Swollman# 1443158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1444121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1445121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1446158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1447121098Swollman# 1448121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1449121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1450121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 145114343Swollman 1452169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1453169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1454169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1455169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1456169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1457169811Swollman 1458270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1459270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1460273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1461273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1462270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1463270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1464270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1465270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1466270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1467270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1468270728Spluknet# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1469270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1470270728Spluknet 14712742Swollman############################################################################### 14722742Swollman 147358787Sru 14742742Swollman# Fiji 14752742Swollman 147658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 147758787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 147858787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14792742Swollman 148043543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 148143543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 148275267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 148343543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 148443543Swollman 148558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 148658787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 148758787Sru 1488253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1489253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1490270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1491253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1492253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1493253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 149443543Swollman 149575267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 149675267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 149758787Sru 149814343Swollman 149917200Swollman# Kiribati 150017200Swollman 150117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 150217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1503270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 150417200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 150517200Swollman 150658787Sru 15072742Swollman# Kwajalein 15082742Swollman 15092742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15102742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 151119878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15122742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15132742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15142742Swollman 151558787Sru 151614343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15172742Swollman 1518270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1519270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15202742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 152175267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 152275267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 152314343Swollman 152475267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 152575267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 152675267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 152775267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 152858787Sru 152975267Swollman 153017200Swollman# Micronesia 153117200Swollman 1532149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1533270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1534270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 153517200Swollman# 1536158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1537158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 153817200Swollman 153958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 154058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1541270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1542273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 154358787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 154458787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 154558787Sru 154658787Sru 1547121098Swollman# Midway 1548121098Swollman 1549121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1550121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1551121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1552121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1553121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1554121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1555121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1556121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1557121098Swollman# 1558121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1559121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1560121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1561121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1562121098Swollman 1563290697Sedwin# Norfolk 1564121098Swollman 1565290697Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1566290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1567290697Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1568290697Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1569290697Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1570290697Sedwin 1571290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1572290697Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1573290697Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1574290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1575290697Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1576290697Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1577290697Sedwin 157858787Sru# Pitcairn 157958787Sru 158058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 158158787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 158258787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 158358787Sru# 158458787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 158558787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 158658787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 158758787Sru# 158858787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 158958787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 159058787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 159158787Sru 159258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 159358787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 159458787Sru# ... at midnight. 159558787Sru 159658787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 159758787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 159858787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 159958787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 160058787Sru 160158787Sru 1602270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 160314343Swollman 160458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 160558787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1606270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1607270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1608270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 160917200Swollman 1610270728Spluknet# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1611270728Spluknet# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1612270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1613270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1614270728Spluknet# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1615270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1616270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1617270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 161858787Sru 161917200Swollman# Tonga 162017200Swollman 162117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1622270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1623270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 162417200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 162558787Sru 162658787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1627273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1628273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1629273718Sedwin# 163058787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 163158787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 163258787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 163358787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 163458787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 163558787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 163658787Sru# 1637270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1638270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 163958787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 164058787Sru# 164158787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 164258787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 164358787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 164458787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 164558787Sru# 164658787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 164758787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 164858787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 164958787Sru 1650158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1651158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 165258787Sru 165358787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1654253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 165558787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 165658787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 165758787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 165858787Sru# Government. 165958787Sru 1660149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 166158787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 166275267Swollman# 1663149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 166458787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 166575267Swollman# 166658787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 166758787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 166858787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 166958787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 167058787Sru 1671149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1672270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 167375267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 167475267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 167575267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 167675267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 167758787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 167858787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 167958787Sru 168058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 168158787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 168258787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 168358787Sru 168475267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 168575267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 168675267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 168775267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 168875267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 168975267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1690270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 169158787Sru 169275267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 169375267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 169475267Swollman 169593799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 169693799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 169793799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 169893799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 169993799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 170086222Swollman 1701114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1702114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 170386222Swollman 1704121098Swollman 1705121098Swollman# Wake 1706121098Swollman 1707121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1708121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1709121098Swollman# 1710270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1711121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1712121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1713121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1714121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1715121098Swollman# impossible. 1716121098Swollman# 1717121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1718121098Swollman 1719121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1720121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1721121098Swollman 172258787Sru############################################################################### 172358787Sru 172458787Sru# The International Date Line 172558787Sru 172658787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 172775267Swollman# 172858787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 172958787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 173058787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 173158787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 173258787Sru# 173358787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 173458787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 173558787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 173658787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 173758787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 173858787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1739153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 174058787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 174158787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 174258787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 174358787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1744149514Swollman 1745153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1746153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1747153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1748153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1749153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1750153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1751153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1752153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1753153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1754153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1755270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1756153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1757153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1758153670Swollman 1759149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1760149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1761149514Swollman# 1762149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1763273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1764149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1765149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1766