australasia revision 290697
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99 9:30 AS AC%sT 100 101# Tasmania 102# 103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106# 107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132 10:00 AT AE%sT 133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137 10:00 AT AE%sT 138 139# Victoria 140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158 10:00 AV AE%sT 159 160# New South Wales 161# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AN AE%sT 182Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187 9:30 AS AC%sT 188 189# Lord Howe Island 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 205Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207 10:30 LH LH%sT 208 209# Australian miscellany 210# 211# Ashmore Is, Cartier 212# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213# no times are set 214# 215# Coral Sea Is 216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217# no times are set 218# 219# Macquarie 220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226# 227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231# on 4 April. 232# 233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 246 247# Christmas 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 251 252# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 258 259 260# Fiji 261 262# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263 264# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267# 268# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271 272# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274# amendments: 275# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276 277# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282# 283# Official source: 284# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285# 286# A bit more background info here: 287# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288 289# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300# 301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302# which says 303# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305# 2am on February 26 next year. 306 307# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310# 311# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312# states: 313# 314# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318 319# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324 325# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329 330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333 334# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337 338# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 339# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 340# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 341# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 342# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 343# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 344 345# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): 346# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 347# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 348# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 349# practice than guessing no DST. 350 351# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 352Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 353Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 354Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 355Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 356Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 357Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 358Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 359Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 360Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 361Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 364 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 365 366# French Polynesia 367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 369 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 370Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 371 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 372Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 373 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 374# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 375# it is uninhabited. 376 377# Guam 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 380 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 381 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 383Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 384 385# Kiribati 386# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 388 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 389Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 390 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 391 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 392 13:00 - PHOT 393Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 394 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 395 -10:00 - LINT 1995 396 14:00 - LINT 397 398# N Mariana Is 399# See Pacific/Guam. 400 401# Marshall Is 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 404 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 405 12:00 - MHT 406Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 407 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 408 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 409 12:00 - MHT 410 411# Micronesia 412# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 414 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 415Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 416 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 417Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 418 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 419 12:00 - KOST 1999 420 11:00 - KOST 421 422# Nauru 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 425 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 426 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 427 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 428 12:00 - NRT 429 430# New Caledonia 431# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 432Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 433Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 434Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 435# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 436Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 439 11:00 NC NC%sT 440 441 442############################################################################### 443 444# New Zealand 445 446# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 447Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 448Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 449Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 450Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 451Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 452Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 453Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 454# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 455# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 456# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 457Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 458Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 459Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 460Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 461Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 462Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 463Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 464Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 465Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 466Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 467Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 468Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 469Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 470Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 471Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 472Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 473Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 474Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 475# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 477 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 478 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 479Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 480 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 481 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 482 483Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 484 485# Auckland Is 486# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 487# and scientific personnel have wintered 488 489# Campbell I 490# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 491# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 492# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 493# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 494 495# Cook Is 496# From Shanks & Pottenger: 497# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 498Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 499Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 500Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 503 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 504 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 505 506############################################################################### 507 508 509# Niue 510# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 512 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 513 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 514 -11:00 - NUT 515 516# Norfolk 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 519 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 520 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 521 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 522 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 523 11:00 - NFT 524 525# Palau (Belau) 526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 528 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 529 530# Papua New Guinea 531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 533 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 534 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 535# 536# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 537# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 538# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 539# 540# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 541# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 542# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 543# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 544# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 545# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 546# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 547# 548# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 549# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 550# abbreviate this as BST. See: 551# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 552# 553Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 554 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 555 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 556 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 557 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 558 11:00 - BST 559 560# Pitcairn 561# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 562Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 563 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 564 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 565 566# American Samoa 567Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 568 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 569 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 570 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 571 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 572Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 573 574# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 575 576# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 577# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 578# the following info: 579# 580# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 581# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 582# Sunday of April 2011." 583# 584# Background info: 585# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 586# 587# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 588# contain any dates: 589# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 590 591# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 592# Please see 593# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 594# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 595# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 596# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 597# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 598 599# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 600# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 601# 602# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 603# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 604# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 605# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 606 607# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 608# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 609# 610# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 611 612# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 613# The International Date Line Act 2011 614# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 615# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 616# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 617# accordingly. 618 619# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 620# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 621# 622# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 623# 624# DST 625# Year End Time Start Time 626# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 627# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 628# 629# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 630# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 631# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 632# 633# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 634# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 635# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 636# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 637# 638# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 639# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 640# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 641 642# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 643Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 644Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 645Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 646Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 647Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 648# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 649Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 650 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 651 -11:30 - WSST 1950 652 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 653 13:00 WS WS%sT 654 655# Solomon Is 656# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 659 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 660 661# Tokelau Is 662# 663# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 664# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 665# December 31 this year ... 666# 667# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 668# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 669# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 670# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 671# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 672# 673# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 674# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 675# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 676# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 677# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 678# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 679 680# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 681Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 682 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 683 13:00 - TKT 684 685# Tonga 686# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 687Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 688Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 689Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 690Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 691# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 692Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 693 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 694 13:00 - TOT 1999 695 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 696 697# Tuvalu 698# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 699Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 700 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 701 702 703# US minor outlying islands 704 705# Howland, Baker 706# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 707# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 708# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 709# uninhabited thereafter. 710# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 711# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 712# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 713# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 714# until they were abandoned after the war. 715 716# Jarvis 717# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 718# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 719# uninhabited thereafter. 720# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 721 722# Johnston 723# 724# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 725# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 726# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 727# treat it like Hawaii for now. 728# 729# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 730# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 731# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 732# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 733# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 734# 735# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 736# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 737# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 738# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 739# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 740# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 741# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 742# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 743# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 744# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 745# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 746# Minus One Hour". 747# 748# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 749 750# Kingman 751# uninhabited 752 753# Midway 754# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 755 756# Palmyra 757# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 758 759# Wake 760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 761Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 762 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 763 764 765# Vanuatu 766# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 767Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 768Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 769Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 770Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 771Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 772Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 774Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 775 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 776 777# Wallis and Futuna 778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 779Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 780 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 781 782############################################################################### 783 784# NOTES 785 786# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 787# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 788# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 789# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 790 791# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 792# 793# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 794# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 795# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 796# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 797# 798# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 799# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 800# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 801# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 802# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 803# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 804# 805# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 806# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 807# I found in the UCLA library. 808# 809# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 810# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 811# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 812# 813# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 814# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 815# 816# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 817# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 818# Corrections are welcome! 819# std dst 820# LMT Local Mean Time 821# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 822# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 823# 9:00 JST Japan 824# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 825# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 826# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 827# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 828# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 829# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 830# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 831# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 832# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 833# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 834# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 835# -11:00 SST Samoa 836# -10:00 HST Hawaii 837# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 838# 839# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 840# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 841 842############################################################################### 843 844# Australia 845 846# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 847# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 848# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 849# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 850# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 851# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 852# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 853# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 854# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 855# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 856# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 857# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 858 859# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 860# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 861# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 862# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 863 864# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 865# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 866# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 867# covers New South Wales in particular. 868 869# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 870# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 871# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 872# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 873# abbreviation does _not_ change... 874# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 875# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 876# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 877# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 878# time'. 879# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 880# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 881# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 882# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 883# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 884# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 885# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 886 887# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 888# 889# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 890# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 891# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 892# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 893# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 894# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 895# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 896# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 897# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 898# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 899# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 900# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 901# 902# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 903# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 904# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 905# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 906# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 907# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 908# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 909# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 910# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 911# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 912# 913# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 914# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 915# 916# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 917# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 918# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 919# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 920# 921# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 922# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 923# 924# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 925# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 926# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 927# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 928# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 929# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 930# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 931# 932# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 933# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 934# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 935# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 936# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 937# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 938# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 939# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 940# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 941# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 942# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 943# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 944# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 945# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 946# 947# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 948# 949# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 950# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 951# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 952# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 953# 954# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 955# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 956# EST CST WST EDT CDT 957# 958# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 959# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 960# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 961# 962# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 963# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 964# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 965# 966# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 967# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 968# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 969# 970# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 971# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 972# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 973# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 974# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 975# appear in reports of events with international implications. 976# 977# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 978# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 979# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 980# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 981# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 982# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 983# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 984# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 985# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 986 987# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 988# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 989# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 990# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 991# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 992# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 993# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 994 995# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 996# 997# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 998# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 999# relevant entries in this database. 1000# 1001# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1002# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1003# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1004# ACT 1005# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1006# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1007# SA 1008# Standard Time Act, 1898 1009# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1010 1011# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1012# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1013# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1014# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1015# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1016# 1017# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1018# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1019# to extend DST together in 2006. 1020# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1021# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1022# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1023# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1024# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1025# allude to it. 1026# But not Queensland 1027# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1028 1029# Northern Territory 1030 1031# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1032# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1033# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1034# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1035# ... 1036# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1037 1038# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1039# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1040# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1041 1042# Western Australia 1043 1044# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1045# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1046# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1047# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1048# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1049# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1050# # before reaching parliament. 1051# ... 1052# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1053# ... 1054# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1055# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1056# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1057# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1058 1059# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1060# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1061# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1062 1063# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1064# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1065# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1066# work at 9.00am.) 1067# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1068# everybody again. 1069 1070# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1071# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1072# it matches what was used in the past. 1073 1074# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1075# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1076# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1077# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1078 1079# Queensland 1080# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1081# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1082# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1083# ... 1084# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1085# ... 1086# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1087# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1088# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1089# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1090 1091# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1092# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1093# October 1989). 1094 1095# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1096# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1097# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1098# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1099 1100# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1101# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1102# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1103# me.) 1104 1105# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1106# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1107# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1108# ... 1109# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1110# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1111# ... 1112 1113# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1114# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1115 1116# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1117# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1118# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1119# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1120 1121# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1122# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1123# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1124# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1125# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1126# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1127# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1128# Australia and Western Australia.... 1129# 1130# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1131# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1132# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1133# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1134# 1135# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1136# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1137# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1138# coast of the continent. 1139# 1140# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1141# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1142# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1143# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1144# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1145# 1146# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1147# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1148# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1149# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1150# 1151# (2006-12-09): 1152# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1153# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1154# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1155# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1156 1157# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1158# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1159# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1160 1161 1162# southeast Australia 1163# 1164# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1165# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1166# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1167# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1168 1169 1170# South Australia 1171 1172# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1173# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1174# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1175# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1176 1177# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1178# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1179# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1180# ... 1181# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1182# ... 1183# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1184# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1185# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1186# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1187 1188# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1189# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1190# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1191# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1192 1193# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1194# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1195# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1196# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1197# is on... 1198 1199# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1200# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1201# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1202# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1203 1204# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1205# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1206# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1207# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1208 1209# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1210# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1211# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1212# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1213 1214# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1215# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1216 1217# Tasmania 1218 1219# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1220# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1221# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1222# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1223 1224# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1225# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1226# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1227# (but nothing new about that). 1228 1229# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1230# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1231# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1232# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1233# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1234# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1235 1236# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1237# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1238 1239# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1240# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1241 1242# Victoria 1243 1244# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1245# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1246# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1247# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1248 1249# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1250# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1251# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1252# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1253# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1254# in Melbourne, Australia. 1255# 1256# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1257# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1258# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1259# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1260# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1261# expected time. 1262# 1263# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1264# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1265# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1266# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1267# 1268# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1269# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1270 1271# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1272# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1273 1274# New South Wales 1275 1276# From Arthur David Olson: 1277# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1278# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1279# who notes: 1280# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1281# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1282# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1283# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1284# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1285# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1286 1287# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1288# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1289# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1290# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1291# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1292 1293# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1294# See the following official NSW source: 1295# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1296# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1297# 1298# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1299# daylight saving next year. See: 1300# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1301# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1302# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1303# 1304# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1305# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1306# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1307# 1308# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1309# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1310# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1311# 1312# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1313# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1314# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1315# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1316# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1317# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1318# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1319# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1320# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1321# 1322# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1323# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1324# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1325 1326# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1327# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1328# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1329 1330# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1331# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1332# towns to use Queensland time. 1333 1334# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1335# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1336 1337# Yancowinna 1338 1339# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1340# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1341 1342# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1343# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1344# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1345# ... 1346# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1347# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1348# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1349# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1350# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1351# # presently available. 1352# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1353# ... 1354# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1355# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1356# [followed by other Rules] 1357 1358# Lord Howe Island 1359 1360# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1361# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1362# [ Dec 1990 ] 1363# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1364# hour ahead of NSW time. 1365 1366# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1367# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1368# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1369# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1370# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1371# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1372# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1373# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1374# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1375# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1376 1377# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1378# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1379# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1380# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1381# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1382# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1383 1384# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1385# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1386# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1387 1388# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1389# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1390 1391# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1392# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1393# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1394# summer (southern hemisphere). 1395# 1396# From 1397# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1398# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1399# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1400# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1401# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1402# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1403# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1404# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1405# 1406# We have a wrap-up here: 1407# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1408############################################################################### 1409 1410# New Zealand 1411 1412# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1413# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1414# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1415# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1416# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1417 1418# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1419# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1420# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1421# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1422# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1423# ... 1424# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1425# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1426# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1427# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1428# ... 1429# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1430# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1431 1432# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1433# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1434# rather than the October 1 value. 1435 1436# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1437# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1438# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1439# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1440# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1441# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1442# 1443# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1444# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1445# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1446# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1447# 1448# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1449# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1450# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1451 1452# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1453# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1454# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1455# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1456# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1457 1458# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1459# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1460# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1461# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1462# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1463# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1464# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1465# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1466# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1467# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1468# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1469# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1470 1471############################################################################### 1472 1473 1474# Fiji 1475 1476# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1477# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1478# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1479 1480# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1481# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1482# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1483# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1484 1485# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1486# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1487 1488# From the BBC World Service in 1489# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1490# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1491# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1492# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1493# of the new millennium. 1494 1495# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1496# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1497 1498 1499# Kiribati 1500 1501# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1502# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1503# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1504# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1505 1506 1507# Kwajalein 1508 1509# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1510# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1511# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1512# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1513# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1514 1515 1516# N Mariana Is, Guam 1517 1518# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1519# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1520# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1521# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1522# see Asia/Manila. 1523 1524# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1525# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1526# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1527# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1528 1529 1530# Micronesia 1531 1532# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1533# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1534# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1535# 1536# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1537# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1538 1539# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1540# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1541# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1542# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1543# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1544# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1545 1546 1547# Midway 1548 1549# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1550# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1551# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1552# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1553# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1554# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1555# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1556# air at 6am your time. 1557# 1558# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1559# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1560# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1561# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1562 1563# Norfolk 1564 1565# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1566# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1567# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1568# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1569# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1570 1571# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1572# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1573# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1574# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1575# other than in 1974/5. See: 1576# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1577 1578# Pitcairn 1579 1580# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1581# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1582# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1583# 1584# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1585# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1586# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1587# 1588# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1589# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1590# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1591 1592# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1593# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1594# ... at midnight. 1595 1596# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1597# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1598# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1599# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1600 1601 1602# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1603 1604# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1605# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1606# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1607# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1608# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1609 1610# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1611# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1612# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1613# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1614# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1615# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1616# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1617# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1618 1619# Tonga 1620 1621# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1622# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1623# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1624# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1625 1626# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1627# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1628# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1629# 1630# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1631# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1632# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1633# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1634# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1635# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1636# 1637# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1638# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1639# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1640# 1641# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1642# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1643# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1644# minutes we have lost?" 1645# 1646# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1647# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1648# to say your prayers in the morning." 1649 1650# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1651# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1652 1653# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1654# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1655# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1656# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1657# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1658# Government. 1659 1660# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1661# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1662# 1663# I was given this link by John Letts: 1664# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1665# 1666# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1667# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1668# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1669# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1670 1671# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1672# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1673# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1674# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1675# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1676# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1677# set back an hour on the closing date." 1678# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1679 1680# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1681# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1682# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1683 1684# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1685# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1686# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1687# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1688# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1689# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1690# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1691 1692# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1693# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1694 1695# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1696# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1697# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1698# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1699# hour to 1:00am. 1700 1701# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1702# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1703 1704 1705# Wake 1706 1707# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1708# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1709# 1710# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1711# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1712# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1713# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1714# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1715# impossible. 1716# 1717# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1718 1719# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1720# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1721 1722############################################################################### 1723 1724# The International Date Line 1725 1726# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1727# 1728# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1729# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1730# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1731# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1732# 1733# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1734# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1735# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1736# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1737# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1738# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1739# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1740# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1741# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1742# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1743# correct date is ambiguous. 1744 1745# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1746# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1747# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1748# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1749# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1750# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1751# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1752# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1753# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1754# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1755# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1756# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1757# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1758 1759# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1760# (2005-03-20): 1761# 1762# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1763# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1764# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1765# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1766