australasia revision 280413
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47270728Spluknet 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48270728Spluknet 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 6320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 702742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 7320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 772742Swollman 789908Swollman# South Australia 792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 962742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1002742Swollman 1019908Swollman# Tasmania 102149514Swollman# 103149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106149514Swollman# 1072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1282742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 133149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1382742Swollman 1399908Swollman# Victoria 1402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1562742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1592742Swollman 1609908Swollman# New South Wales 1612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1822742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1888029Swollman 18914343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19014343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191270728SpluknetRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192270728SpluknetRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193270728SpluknetRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196270728SpluknetRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197270728SpluknetRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198270728SpluknetRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199270728SpluknetRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200270728SpluknetRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201270728SpluknetRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202270728SpluknetRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 2052742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207270728Spluknet 10:30 LH LH%sT 2088029Swollman 20914343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2102742Swollman# 2112742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21214343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213169811Swollman# no times are set 2142742Swollman# 21514343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21614343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217169811Swollman# no times are set 21814343Swollman# 21930711Swollman# Macquarie 220249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226249692Sedwin# 227249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 232253009Sedwin# 233253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238249692SedwinZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242249692Sedwin 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244273718Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245249692Sedwin 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 2462742Swollman 24743014Swollman# Christmas 24843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 25043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2512742Swollman 252267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2582742Swollman 259267473Sedwin 2602742Swollman# Fiji 261248307Sedwin 262248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263248307Sedwin 264199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267199336Sedwin# 268199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271199336Sedwin 272199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274199336Sedwin# amendments: 275199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276204887Sedwin 277204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282204887Sedwin# 283204887Sedwin# Official source: 284204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285204887Sedwin# 286204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 287204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288204887Sedwin 289214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296214722Sedwin 297226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300226289Sedwin# 301270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302226289Sedwin# which says 303240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 306226289Sedwin 307226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310226976Sedwin# 311226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312226976Sedwin# states: 313226976Sedwin# 314226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318226976Sedwin 319240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324257681Sedwin 325257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329263041Sedwin 330263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333263041Sedwin 334273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337240457Sedwin 338273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 339273718Sedwin# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 340273718Sedwin# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 341273718Sedwin# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 342273718Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 343273718Sedwin 34443543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34575267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 34675267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 347199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 348204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 349273718SedwinRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 350214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 351263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 352273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 353273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 354273718SedwinRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 3552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 35743543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3582742Swollman 3592742Swollman# French Polynesia 3602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 36219878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 36419878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 365273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 36619878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 36743014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 36843014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3692742Swollman 3702742Swollman# Guam 3712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 37275267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 373273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 374273718Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 37575267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 3772742Swollman 3782742Swollman# Kiribati 3792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 381273718Sedwin 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3822742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 38319878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 38419878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 38519878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3862742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 38719878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 38819878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 38919878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3902742Swollman 39114343Swollman# N Mariana Is 392280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 39314343Swollman 39414343Swollman# Marshall Is 39514343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 39719878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 39819878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 39914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 40019878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 401273718Sedwin -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 40219878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 40314343Swollman 40414343Swollman# Micronesia 40514343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 407273718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 408273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 409273718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 41014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 411273718Sedwin 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 41258787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 41358787Sru 11:00 - KOST 41414343Swollman 4152742Swollman# Nauru 4162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 418273718Sedwin 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 4192742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 42019878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 42119878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 4222742Swollman 4232742Swollman# New Caledonia 4242742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42519878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 42619878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 42743014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 428158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 42943014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 4322742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4332742Swollman 4342742Swollman 4352742Swollman############################################################################### 4362742Swollman 4372742Swollman# New Zealand 4382742Swollman 4392742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 440121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 441121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 442121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 443121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 444121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 445121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 446121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 447121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 448267473Sedwin# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 449267473Sedwin# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 450114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 451121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 452114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 453121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4549908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 455121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 456114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 457121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 458114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 459121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 460169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 461169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 462169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 463169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 464169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 465169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 466169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 467169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 470121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4712742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 472270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 473270728Spluknet 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 474121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4752742Swollman 476257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 4778029Swollman 47830711Swollman# Auckland Is 479270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 48058787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4812742Swollman 48230711Swollman# Campbell I 48358787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 48458787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 48558787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 48630711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 48730711Swollman 488267473Sedwin# Cook Is 489267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 490267473Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491267473SedwinRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 492267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 493267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 494267473Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 496273718Sedwin -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 497267473Sedwin -10:00 Cook CK%sT 498267473Sedwin 4992742Swollman############################################################################### 5002742Swollman 5012742Swollman 5022742Swollman# Niue 5032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 505273718Sedwin -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 506273718Sedwin -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 50719878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 5082742Swollman 5092742Swollman# Norfolk 5102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 512273718Sedwin 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 513273718Sedwin 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 5142742Swollman 51558787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5169908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517273718SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 51819878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 5199908Swollman 5202742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5222742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 523273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 524273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 525273718Sedwin# 526273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 527273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 528273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 529273718Sedwin# 530273718Sedwin# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 531273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 532273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 533273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 534273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 535273718Sedwin# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 536273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 537273718Sedwin# 538273718Sedwin# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 539273718Sedwin# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 540273718Sedwin# abbreviate this as BST. See: 541273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 542273718Sedwin# 543273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 544273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 545273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 546273718Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 547273718Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 548273718Sedwin 11:00 - BST 5492742Swollman 5502742Swollman# Pitcairn 5512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 552273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 553273718Sedwin -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 55458787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 5552742Swollman 55614343Swollman# American Samoa 55714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 55814343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 559273718Sedwin -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 560273718Sedwin -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 561273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 562280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 56314343Swollman 564270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 565196582Sedwin 566204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 567204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 568204887Sedwin# the following info: 569197000Sedwin# 570204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 571204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 572204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 573204887Sedwin# 574204887Sedwin# Background info: 575197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 576198270Sedwin# 577204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 578204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 579204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 580198270Sedwin 581226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 582214722Sedwin# Please see 583214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 584214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 585214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 586214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 587214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 588214722Sedwin 589226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 590270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 591219687Sedwin# 592270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 593270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 594270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 595270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 596219687Sedwin 597270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 598226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 599240457Sedwin# 600226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 601226289Sedwin 602270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 603270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 604270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 605270728Spluknet# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 606270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 607270728Spluknet# accordingly. 608226289Sedwin 609226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 610226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 611226289Sedwin# 612226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 613226289Sedwin# 614226289Sedwin# DST 615270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 616270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 617270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 618226289Sedwin# 619226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 620226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 621226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 622233445Sedwin# 623270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 624241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 625270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 626241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 627241869Sedwin# 628270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 629270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 630270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 631241869Sedwin 632241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 633270728SpluknetRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 634270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 635270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 636270728SpluknetRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 637241869SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 638241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 63914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 64014343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 641270728Spluknet -11:30 - WSST 1950 642270728Spluknet -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 643241869Sedwin 13:00 WS WS%sT 64414343Swollman 6452742Swollman# Solomon Is 6462742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 648273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 64919878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 6502742Swollman 6512742Swollman# Tokelau Is 652233445Sedwin# 653233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 654233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 655240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 656233445Sedwin# 657240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 658240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 659240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 660240457Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 661240457Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 662233445Sedwin# 663240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 664240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 665240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 666240457Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 667240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 668240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 669233445Sedwin 6702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6712742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 672273718Sedwin -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 673240457Sedwin 13:00 - TKT 6742742Swollman 6752742Swollman# Tonga 67658787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67775267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 67875267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 679114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 680114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 6812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6822742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 68358787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 68458787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 68558787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 6862742Swollman 6872742Swollman# Tuvalu 6882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6892742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 69019878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 6912742Swollman 69243014Swollman 69343014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 69443014Swollman 69543014Swollman# Howland, Baker 696171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 697171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 698171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 699171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 700257681Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 701171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 702171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 703171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 704171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 70543014Swollman 70643014Swollman# Jarvis 707171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 708171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 709171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 71043014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 71143014Swollman 71243014Swollman# Johnston 713257681Sedwin# 714263901Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 715263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 716263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 717263901Sedwin# treat it like Hawaii for now. 718263901Sedwin# 719257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 720257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 721257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 722257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 723257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 724257681Sedwin# 725263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 726263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 727263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 728263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 729263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 730263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 731263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 732273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 733273718Sedwin# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 734263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 735263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 736263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 737263901Sedwin# 738257681Sedwin# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 73943014Swollman 74043014Swollman# Kingman 74143014Swollman# uninhabited 74243014Swollman 74343014Swollman# Midway 744280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 74543014Swollman 74643014Swollman# Palmyra 74743014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 74843014Swollman 74943014Swollman# Wake 75043014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 75143014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 75243014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 75343014Swollman 75443014Swollman 7552742Swollman# Vanuatu 7562742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 75719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 75819878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 75919878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 76020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 76120094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 76220094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 76519878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 7662742Swollman 7672742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 77019878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 7712742Swollman 7722742Swollman############################################################################### 7732742Swollman 7742742Swollman# NOTES 7752742Swollman 776273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7772742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 778273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 779273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 7802742Swollman 781274559Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 782274559Sedwin# 783274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 784158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 785158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 786274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 7872742Swollman# 78886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 78920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 79020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 79120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 792274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 793274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 79420094Swollman# 7952742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 7962742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 7972742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 7982742Swollman# 799248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 800273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 801273718Sedwin# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 802248307Sedwin# 8032742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 80458787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8052742Swollman# 806270728Spluknet# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 8072742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 8082742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 809270728Spluknet# std dst 810270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 811270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 812270728Spluknet# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 813270728Spluknet# 9:00 JST Japan 814270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 815270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 816270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 817270728Spluknet# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 818273718Sedwin# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 819270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 820270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 821270728Spluknet# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 822270728Spluknet# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 823270728Spluknet# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 824270728Spluknet# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 825270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 826270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 827270728Spluknet# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 8282742Swollman# 829270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 830270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8312742Swollman 8322742Swollman############################################################################### 8332742Swollman 8342742Swollman# Australia 8352742Swollman 836270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 837270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 838270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 839270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 840270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 841270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 842270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 843270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 844270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 845270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 846270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 847270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 848270728Spluknet 849153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 850153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 851273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 852270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 85358787Sru 854153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 855153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 856273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 857270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 858153670Swollman 85919878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 860270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 861270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 862270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8632742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8642742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8652742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8662742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 867270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8682742Swollman# time'. 8692742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 870270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 871270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8722742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8732742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 874270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8752742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8762742Swollman 877270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 87886222Swollman# 879270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 880270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 881270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 882270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 883270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 884270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 885270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 886270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 887270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 888270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 889270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 890270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 89186222Swollman# 892270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 893270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 894270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 895270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 896270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 897270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 898270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 899270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 900270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 901270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 90286222Swollman# 903270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 904270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 90586222Swollman# 906270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 907270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 908270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 909270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 91086222Swollman# 911270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 912270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 91386222Swollman# 914270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 915270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 916270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 917270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 918270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 919270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 920270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 92186222Swollman# 922270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 923270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 924270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 925270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 926270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 927270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 928270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 929270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 930270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 931270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 932270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 933270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 934270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 935270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 93686222Swollman# 937270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 93886222Swollman# 939270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 940270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 941270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 942270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 94386222Swollman# 944270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 945270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 946270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 94786222Swollman# 948270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 949270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 950270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 95186222Swollman# 952270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 953270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 954270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 95586222Swollman# 956270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 957270728Spluknet# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 958270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 95986222Swollman# 960270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 961270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 962270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 963270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 964270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 965270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 96686222Swollman# 967270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 968270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 969270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 970270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 971270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 972270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 973270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 974270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 975270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 97686222Swollman 97714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 978158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 979149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9809908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 9819908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 982270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 98314343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 9842742Swollman 985149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 98675267Swollman# 98743014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 98843014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 98943014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 99075267Swollman# 99143014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 99243014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 993273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 99443014Swollman# ACT 99543014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 996273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 99743014Swollman# SA 99843014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 999273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 100043014Swollman 1001149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1002149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1003149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1004149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1005149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1006149514Swollman# 1007149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1008149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1009149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1010149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1011149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1012149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1013149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1014149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1015149514Swollman# allude to it. 1016149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1017270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1018149514Swollman 10199908Swollman# Northern Territory 10209908Swollman 102119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10222742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10232742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10242742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10252742Swollman# ... 10269908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10272742Swollman 102819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10292742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10302742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10312742Swollman 10329908Swollman# Western Australia 10332742Swollman 103419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10352742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10362742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10372742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10382742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10392742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10402742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10412742Swollman# ... 10422742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10432742Swollman# ... 10442742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10452742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10462742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10472742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10482742Swollman 104919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10502742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10512742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10522742Swollman 105319878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10542742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10552742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10562742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10572742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10582742Swollman# everybody again. 10592742Swollman 106019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10612742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10622742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10632742Swollman 106458787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1065273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1066270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 106758787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 106858787Sru 10699908Swollman# Queensland 107019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10712742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10722742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10732742Swollman# ... 10742742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10752742Swollman# ... 10762742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10772742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10782742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10792742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10802742Swollman 108119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 10822742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 10832742Swollman# October 1989). 10842742Swollman 108519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10862742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10872742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10882742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10892742Swollman 109019878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 10912742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 10922742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 10932742Swollman# me.) 10942742Swollman 109519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 10962742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 10972742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 10982742Swollman# ... 10992742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11002742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11012742Swollman# ... 11022742Swollman 110319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11042742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11052742Swollman 1106169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1107270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1108169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1109273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1110169811Swollman 1111105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1112114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1113169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1114114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1115114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1116114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1117114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1118169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1119105196Swollman# 1120105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1121105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1122105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1123273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1124105196Swollman# 1125169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1126169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1127169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1128169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1129105196Swollman# 1130169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1131169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1132169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1133169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1134169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1135169811Swollman# 1136169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1137169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1138169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1139169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1140169811Swollman# 1141169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1142169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1143169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1144169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1145169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1146105196Swollman 1147169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1148169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1149169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1150169811Swollman 1151169811Swollman 1152171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11532742Swollman# 1154171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1155171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1156171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1157171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11582742Swollman 11592742Swollman 11609908Swollman# South Australia 11612742Swollman 116219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11632742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11642742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11652742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11662742Swollman 116719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11682742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11692742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11702742Swollman# ... 11712742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11722742Swollman# ... 11732742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11742742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1175158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11762742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11772742Swollman 117819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11792742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11802742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 11812742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 11822742Swollman 118319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 11842742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 11852742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 11862742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 11872742Swollman# is on... 11882742Swollman 118919878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 11902742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 11912742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 11922742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 11932742Swollman 119419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 11952742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 11962742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 11972742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 11982742Swollman 1199149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12009908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12019908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12029908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12032742Swollman 1204171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1205171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1206171948Sedwin 12079908Swollman# Tasmania 12089908Swollman 120958787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 121058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12112742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12122742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12132742Swollman 121419878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12152742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12162742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12172742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12182742Swollman 121958787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 122058787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 122158787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 122258787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 122358787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 122458787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 122558787Sru 122664499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 122764499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 122864499Swollman 1229171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1230171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1231171948Sedwin 12329908Swollman# Victoria 12332742Swollman 123458787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 123558787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12362742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12372742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12382742Swollman 123986222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 124086222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 124186222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 124286222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 124386222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 124486222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 124586222Swollman# 124686222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 124786222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 124886222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 124986222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 125086222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 125186222Swollman# expected time. 125286222Swollman# 125386222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 125486222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 125586222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 125686222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 125786222Swollman# 125886222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 125986222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 126086222Swollman 1261171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1262171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1263171948Sedwin 12649908Swollman# New South Wales 12652742Swollman 12662742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12672742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1268149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12692742Swollman# who notes: 12702742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1271270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12722742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12732742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12742742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12752742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12762742Swollman 1277149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 127858787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1279273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1280273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1281273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 12822742Swollman 128358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 128458787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 128558787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1286273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 128758787Sru# 128858787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 128958787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 129058787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1291273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1292270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 129358787Sru# 129458787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1295270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1296273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 129758787Sru# 129858787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1299270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1300273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 130158787Sru# 130258787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 130358787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1304273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1305270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1306270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 130758787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 130858787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 130975267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1310270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 131158787Sru# 131258787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1313270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1314273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13152742Swollman 131643543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 131743543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 131858787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 131943543Swollman 132067578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 132175267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 132275267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 132367578Swollman 1324171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1325171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1326171948Sedwin 13279908Swollman# Yancowinna 13282742Swollman 132967578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1330270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13312742Swollman 133219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13332742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13342742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13352742Swollman# ... 133643014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13372742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13382742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13392742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13402742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13412742Swollman# # presently available. 13422742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13432742Swollman# ... 13442742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13452742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13462742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13472742Swollman 13489908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13492742Swollman 135019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1351153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13522742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13532742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13542742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13552742Swollman 135658787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 135758787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 135858787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 135958787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 136058787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 136158787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1362226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 136358787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 136458787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 136558787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 136614343Swollman 136775267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 136875267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 136975267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 137075267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 137175267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 137275267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 137358787Sru 1374158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1375158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1376158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 137767578Swollman 1378171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1379171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1380171948Sedwin 1381192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1382240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1383240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1384192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1385240457Sedwin# 1386192886Sedwin# From 1387192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1388240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1389192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1390240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1391192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1392240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1393240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1394192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1395240457Sedwin# 1396192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1397192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 13982742Swollman############################################################################### 13992742Swollman 140058787Sru# New Zealand 14012742Swollman 140219878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14032742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14042742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14052742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1406270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14072742Swollman 140819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14092742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14102742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1411153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14122742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14132742Swollman# ... 14142742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14152742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14162742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14172742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14182742Swollman# ... 14192742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14202742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14212742Swollman 142219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14232742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14242742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14252742Swollman 142614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1427158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1428149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 142914343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 143014343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 143114343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 143214343Swollman# 1433158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1434121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1435121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1436158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1437121098Swollman# 1438121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1439121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1440121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 144114343Swollman 1442169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1443169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1444169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1445169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1446169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1447169811Swollman 1448270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1449270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1450273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1451273718Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1452270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1453270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1454270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1455270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1456270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1457270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1458270728Spluknet# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1459270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1460270728Spluknet 14612742Swollman############################################################################### 14622742Swollman 146358787Sru 14642742Swollman# Fiji 14652742Swollman 146658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 146758787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 146858787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14692742Swollman 147043543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 147143543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 147275267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 147343543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 147443543Swollman 147558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 147658787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 147758787Sru 1478253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1479253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1480270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1481253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1482253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1483253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 148443543Swollman 148575267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 148675267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 148758787Sru 148814343Swollman 148917200Swollman# Kiribati 149017200Swollman 149117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 149217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1493270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 149417200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 149517200Swollman 149658787Sru 14972742Swollman# Kwajalein 14982742Swollman 14992742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15002742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 150119878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15022742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15032742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15042742Swollman 150558787Sru 150614343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15072742Swollman 1508270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1509270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15102742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 151175267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 151275267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 151314343Swollman 151475267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 151575267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 151675267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 151775267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 151858787Sru 151975267Swollman 152017200Swollman# Micronesia 152117200Swollman 1522149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1523270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1524270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 152517200Swollman# 1526158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1527158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 152817200Swollman 152958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 153058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1531270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1532273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 153358787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 153458787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 153558787Sru 153658787Sru 1537121098Swollman# Midway 1538121098Swollman 1539121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1540121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1541121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1542121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1543121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1544121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1545121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1546121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1547121098Swollman# 1548121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1549121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1550121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1551121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1552121098Swollman 1553121098Swollman 155458787Sru# Pitcairn 155558787Sru 155658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 155758787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 155858787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 155958787Sru# 156058787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 156158787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 156258787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 156358787Sru# 156458787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 156558787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 156658787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 156758787Sru 156858787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 156958787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 157058787Sru# ... at midnight. 157158787Sru 157258787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 157358787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 157458787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 157558787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 157658787Sru 157758787Sru 1578270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 157914343Swollman 158058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 158158787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1582270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1583270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1584270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 158517200Swollman 1586270728Spluknet# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1587270728Spluknet# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1588270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1589270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1590270728Spluknet# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1591270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1592270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1593270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 159458787Sru 159517200Swollman# Tonga 159617200Swollman 159717200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1598270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1599270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 160017200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 160158787Sru 160258787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1603273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1604273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1605273718Sedwin# 160658787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 160758787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 160858787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 160958787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 161058787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 161158787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 161258787Sru# 1613270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1614270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 161558787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 161658787Sru# 161758787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 161858787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 161958787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 162058787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 162158787Sru# 162258787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 162358787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 162458787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 162558787Sru 1626158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1627158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 162858787Sru 162958787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1630253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 163158787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 163258787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 163358787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 163458787Sru# Government. 163558787Sru 1636149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 163758787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 163875267Swollman# 1639149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 164058787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 164175267Swollman# 164258787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 164358787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 164458787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 164558787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 164658787Sru 1647149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1648270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 164975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 165075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 165175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 165275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 165358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 165458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 165558787Sru 165658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 165758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 165858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 165958787Sru 166075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 166175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 166275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 166375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 166475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 166575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1666270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 166758787Sru 166875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 166975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 167075267Swollman 167193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 167293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 167393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 167493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 167593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 167686222Swollman 1677114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1678114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 167986222Swollman 1680121098Swollman 1681121098Swollman# Wake 1682121098Swollman 1683121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1684121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1685121098Swollman# 1686270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1687121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1688121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1689121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1690121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1691121098Swollman# impossible. 1692121098Swollman# 1693121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1694121098Swollman 1695121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1696121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1697121098Swollman 169858787Sru############################################################################### 169958787Sru 170058787Sru# The International Date Line 170158787Sru 170258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 170375267Swollman# 170458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 170558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 170658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 170758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 170858787Sru# 170958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 171058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 171158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 171258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 171358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 171458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1715153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 171658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 171758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 171858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 171958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1720149514Swollman 1721153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1722153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1723153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1724153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1725153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1726153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1727153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1728153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1729153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1730153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1731270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1732153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1733153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1734153670Swollman 1735149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1736149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1737149514Swollman# 1738149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1739273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1740149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1741149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1742