australasia revision 280413
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99 9:30 AS AC%sT 100 101# Tasmania 102# 103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106# 107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132 10:00 AT AE%sT 133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137 10:00 AT AE%sT 138 139# Victoria 140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158 10:00 AV AE%sT 159 160# New South Wales 161# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AN AE%sT 182Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187 9:30 AS AC%sT 188 189# Lord Howe Island 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 205Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207 10:30 LH LH%sT 208 209# Australian miscellany 210# 211# Ashmore Is, Cartier 212# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213# no times are set 214# 215# Coral Sea Is 216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217# no times are set 218# 219# Macquarie 220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226# 227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231# on 4 April. 232# 233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 246 247# Christmas 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 251 252# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 258 259 260# Fiji 261 262# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263 264# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267# 268# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271 272# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274# amendments: 275# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276 277# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282# 283# Official source: 284# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285# 286# A bit more background info here: 287# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288 289# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300# 301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302# which says 303# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305# 2am on February 26 next year. 306 307# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310# 311# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312# states: 313# 314# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318 319# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324 325# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329 330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333 334# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337 338# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 339# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 340# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 341# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 342# practice than guessing no DST. 343 344# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 345Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 346Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 347Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 348Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 349Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 350Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 351Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 352Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 353Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 354Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 357 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 358 359# French Polynesia 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 362 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 363Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 364 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 365Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 366 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 367# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 368# it is uninhabited. 369 370# Guam 371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 373 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 374 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 377 378# Kiribati 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 381 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 382Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 383 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 384 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 385 13:00 - PHOT 386Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 387 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 388 -10:00 - LINT 1995 389 14:00 - LINT 390 391# N Mariana Is 392# See Pacific/Guam. 393 394# Marshall Is 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 397 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 398 12:00 - MHT 399Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 400 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 401 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 402 12:00 - MHT 403 404# Micronesia 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 407 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 408Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 409 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 410Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 411 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 412 12:00 - KOST 1999 413 11:00 - KOST 414 415# Nauru 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 418 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 419 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 420 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 421 12:00 - NRT 422 423# New Caledonia 424# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 425Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 426Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 427Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 428# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 429Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 430# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 432 11:00 NC NC%sT 433 434 435############################################################################### 436 437# New Zealand 438 439# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 440Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 441Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 442Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 443Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 444Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 445Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 446Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 447# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 448# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 449# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 450Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 451Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 452Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 453Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 454Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 455Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 456Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 457Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 458Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 459Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 460Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 461Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 462Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 463Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 464Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 465Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 466Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 467Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 470 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 471 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 472Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 473 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 474 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 475 476Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 477 478# Auckland Is 479# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 480# and scientific personnel have wintered 481 482# Campbell I 483# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 484# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 485# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 486# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 487 488# Cook Is 489# From Shanks & Pottenger: 490# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 492Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 493Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 496 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 497 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 498 499############################################################################### 500 501 502# Niue 503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 505 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 506 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 507 -11:00 - NUT 508 509# Norfolk 510# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 512 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 513 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 514 515# Palau (Belau) 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 518 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 519 520# Papua New Guinea 521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 523 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 524 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 525# 526# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 527# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 528# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 529# 530# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 531# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 532# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 533# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 534# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 535# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 536# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 537# 538# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 539# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 540# abbreviate this as BST. See: 541# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 542# 543Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 544 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 545 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 546 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 547 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 548 11:00 - BST 549 550# Pitcairn 551# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 552Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 553 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 554 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 555 556# American Samoa 557Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 558 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 559 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 560 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 561 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 562Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 563 564# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 565 566# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 567# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 568# the following info: 569# 570# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 571# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 572# Sunday of April 2011." 573# 574# Background info: 575# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 576# 577# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 578# contain any dates: 579# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 580 581# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 582# Please see 583# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 584# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 585# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 586# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 587# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 588 589# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 590# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 591# 592# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 593# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 594# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 595# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 596 597# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 598# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 599# 600# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 601 602# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 603# The International Date Line Act 2011 604# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 605# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 606# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 607# accordingly. 608 609# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 610# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 611# 612# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 613# 614# DST 615# Year End Time Start Time 616# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 617# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 618# 619# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 620# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 621# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 622# 623# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 624# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 625# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 626# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 627# 628# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 629# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 630# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 631 632# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 633Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 634Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 635Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 636Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 637Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 639Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 640 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 641 -11:30 - WSST 1950 642 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 643 13:00 WS WS%sT 644 645# Solomon Is 646# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 647# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 648Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 649 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 650 651# Tokelau Is 652# 653# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 654# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 655# December 31 this year ... 656# 657# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 658# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 659# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 660# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 661# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 662# 663# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 664# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 665# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 666# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 667# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 668# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 669 670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 672 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 673 13:00 - TKT 674 675# Tonga 676# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 677Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 678Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 679Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 680Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 681# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 682Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 683 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 684 13:00 - TOT 1999 685 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 686 687# Tuvalu 688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 689Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 690 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 691 692 693# US minor outlying islands 694 695# Howland, Baker 696# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 697# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 698# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 699# uninhabited thereafter. 700# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 701# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 702# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 703# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 704# until they were abandoned after the war. 705 706# Jarvis 707# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 708# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 709# uninhabited thereafter. 710# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 711 712# Johnston 713# 714# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 715# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 716# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 717# treat it like Hawaii for now. 718# 719# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 720# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 721# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 722# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 723# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 724# 725# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 726# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 727# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 728# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 729# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 730# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 731# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 732# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 733# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 734# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 735# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 736# Minus One Hour". 737# 738# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 739 740# Kingman 741# uninhabited 742 743# Midway 744# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 745 746# Palmyra 747# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 748 749# Wake 750# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 751Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 752 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 753 754 755# Vanuatu 756# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 757Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 758Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 759Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 760Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 761Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 762Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 765 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 766 767# Wallis and Futuna 768# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 770 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 771 772############################################################################### 773 774# NOTES 775 776# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 777# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 778# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 779# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 780 781# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 782# 783# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 784# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 785# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 786# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 787# 788# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 789# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 790# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 791# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 792# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 793# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 794# 795# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 796# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 797# I found in the UCLA library. 798# 799# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 800# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 801# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 802# 803# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 804# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 805# 806# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 807# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 808# Corrections are welcome! 809# std dst 810# LMT Local Mean Time 811# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 812# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 813# 9:00 JST Japan 814# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 815# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 816# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 817# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 818# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 819# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 820# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 821# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 822# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 823# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 824# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 825# -11:00 SST Samoa 826# -10:00 HST Hawaii 827# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 828# 829# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 830# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 831 832############################################################################### 833 834# Australia 835 836# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 837# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 838# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 839# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 840# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 841# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 842# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 843# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 844# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 845# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 846# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 847# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 848 849# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 850# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 851# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 852# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 853 854# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 855# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 856# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 857# covers New South Wales in particular. 858 859# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 860# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 861# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 862# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 863# abbreviation does _not_ change... 864# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 865# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 866# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 867# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 868# time'. 869# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 870# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 871# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 872# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 873# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 874# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 875# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 876 877# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 878# 879# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 880# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 881# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 882# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 883# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 884# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 885# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 886# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 887# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 888# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 889# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 890# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 891# 892# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 893# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 894# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 895# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 896# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 897# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 898# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 899# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 900# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 901# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 902# 903# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 904# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 905# 906# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 907# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 908# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 909# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 910# 911# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 912# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 913# 914# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 915# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 916# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 917# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 918# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 919# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 920# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 921# 922# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 923# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 924# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 925# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 926# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 927# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 928# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 929# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 930# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 931# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 932# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 933# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 934# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 935# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 936# 937# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 938# 939# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 940# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 941# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 942# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 943# 944# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 945# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 946# EST CST WST EDT CDT 947# 948# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 949# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 950# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 951# 952# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 953# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 954# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 955# 956# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 957# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 958# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 959# 960# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 961# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 962# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 963# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 964# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 965# appear in reports of events with international implications. 966# 967# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 968# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 969# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 970# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 971# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 972# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 973# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 974# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 975# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 976 977# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 978# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 979# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 980# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 981# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 982# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 983# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 984 985# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 986# 987# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 988# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 989# relevant entries in this database. 990# 991# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 992# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 993# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 994# ACT 995# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 996# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 997# SA 998# Standard Time Act, 1898 999# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1000 1001# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1002# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1003# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1004# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1005# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1006# 1007# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1008# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1009# to extend DST together in 2006. 1010# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1011# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1012# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1013# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1014# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1015# allude to it. 1016# But not Queensland 1017# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1018 1019# Northern Territory 1020 1021# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1022# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1023# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1024# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1025# ... 1026# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1027 1028# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1029# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1030# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1031 1032# Western Australia 1033 1034# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1035# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1036# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1037# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1038# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1039# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1040# # before reaching parliament. 1041# ... 1042# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1043# ... 1044# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1045# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1046# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1047# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1048 1049# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1050# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1051# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1052 1053# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1054# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1055# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1056# work at 9.00am.) 1057# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1058# everybody again. 1059 1060# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1061# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1062# it matches what was used in the past. 1063 1064# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1065# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1066# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1067# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1068 1069# Queensland 1070# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1071# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1072# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1073# ... 1074# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1075# ... 1076# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1077# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1078# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1079# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1080 1081# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1082# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1083# October 1989). 1084 1085# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1086# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1087# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1088# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1089 1090# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1091# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1092# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1093# me.) 1094 1095# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1096# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1097# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1098# ... 1099# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1100# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1101# ... 1102 1103# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1104# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1105 1106# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1107# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1108# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1109# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1110 1111# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1112# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1113# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1114# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1115# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1116# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1117# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1118# Australia and Western Australia.... 1119# 1120# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1121# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1122# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1123# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1124# 1125# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1126# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1127# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1128# coast of the continent. 1129# 1130# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1131# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1132# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1133# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1134# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1135# 1136# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1137# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1138# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1139# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1140# 1141# (2006-12-09): 1142# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1143# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1144# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1145# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1146 1147# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1148# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1149# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1150 1151 1152# southeast Australia 1153# 1154# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1155# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1156# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1157# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1158 1159 1160# South Australia 1161 1162# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1163# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1164# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1165# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1166 1167# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1168# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1169# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1170# ... 1171# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1172# ... 1173# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1174# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1175# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1176# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1177 1178# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1179# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1180# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1181# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1182 1183# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1184# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1185# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1186# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1187# is on... 1188 1189# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1190# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1191# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1192# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1193 1194# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1195# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1196# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1197# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1198 1199# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1200# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1201# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1202# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1203 1204# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1205# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1206 1207# Tasmania 1208 1209# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1210# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1211# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1212# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1213 1214# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1215# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1216# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1217# (but nothing new about that). 1218 1219# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1220# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1221# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1222# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1223# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1224# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1225 1226# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1227# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1228 1229# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1230# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1231 1232# Victoria 1233 1234# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1235# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1236# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1237# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1238 1239# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1240# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1241# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1242# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1243# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1244# in Melbourne, Australia. 1245# 1246# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1247# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1248# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1249# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1250# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1251# expected time. 1252# 1253# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1254# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1255# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1256# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1257# 1258# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1259# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1262# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1263 1264# New South Wales 1265 1266# From Arthur David Olson: 1267# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1268# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1269# who notes: 1270# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1271# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1272# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1273# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1274# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1275# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1276 1277# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1278# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1279# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1280# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1281# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1282 1283# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1284# See the following official NSW source: 1285# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1286# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1287# 1288# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1289# daylight saving next year. See: 1290# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1291# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1292# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1293# 1294# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1295# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1296# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1297# 1298# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1299# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1300# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1301# 1302# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1303# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1304# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1305# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1306# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1307# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1308# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1309# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1310# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1311# 1312# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1313# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1314# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1315 1316# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1317# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1318# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1319 1320# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1321# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1322# towns to use Queensland time. 1323 1324# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1325# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1326 1327# Yancowinna 1328 1329# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1330# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1331 1332# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1333# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1334# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1335# ... 1336# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1337# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1338# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1339# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1340# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1341# # presently available. 1342# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1343# ... 1344# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1345# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1346# [followed by other Rules] 1347 1348# Lord Howe Island 1349 1350# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1351# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1352# [ Dec 1990 ] 1353# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1354# hour ahead of NSW time. 1355 1356# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1357# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1358# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1359# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1360# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1361# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1362# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1363# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1364# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1365# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1366 1367# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1368# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1369# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1370# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1371# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1372# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1373 1374# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1375# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1376# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1377 1378# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1379# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1380 1381# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1382# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1383# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1384# summer (southern hemisphere). 1385# 1386# From 1387# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1388# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1389# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1390# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1391# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1392# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1393# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1394# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1395# 1396# We have a wrap-up here: 1397# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1398############################################################################### 1399 1400# New Zealand 1401 1402# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1403# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1404# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1405# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1406# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1407 1408# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1409# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1410# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1411# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1412# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1413# ... 1414# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1415# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1416# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1417# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1418# ... 1419# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1420# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1421 1422# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1423# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1424# rather than the October 1 value. 1425 1426# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1427# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1428# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1429# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1430# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1431# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1432# 1433# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1434# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1435# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1436# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1437# 1438# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1439# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1440# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1441 1442# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1443# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1444# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1445# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1446# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1447 1448# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1449# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1450# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1451# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1452# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1453# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1454# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1455# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1456# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1457# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1458# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1459# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1460 1461############################################################################### 1462 1463 1464# Fiji 1465 1466# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1467# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1468# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1469 1470# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1471# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1472# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1473# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1474 1475# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1476# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1477 1478# From the BBC World Service in 1479# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1480# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1481# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1482# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1483# of the new millennium. 1484 1485# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1486# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1487 1488 1489# Kiribati 1490 1491# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1492# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1493# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1494# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1495 1496 1497# Kwajalein 1498 1499# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1500# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1501# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1502# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1503# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1504 1505 1506# N Mariana Is, Guam 1507 1508# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1509# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1510# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1511# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1512# see Asia/Manila. 1513 1514# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1515# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1516# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1517# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1518 1519 1520# Micronesia 1521 1522# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1523# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1524# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1525# 1526# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1527# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1528 1529# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1530# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1531# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1532# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1533# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1534# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1535 1536 1537# Midway 1538 1539# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1540# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1541# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1542# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1543# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1544# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1545# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1546# air at 6am your time. 1547# 1548# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1549# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1550# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1551# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1552 1553 1554# Pitcairn 1555 1556# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1557# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1558# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1559# 1560# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1561# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1562# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1563# 1564# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1565# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1566# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1567 1568# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1569# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1570# ... at midnight. 1571 1572# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1573# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1574# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1575# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1576 1577 1578# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1579 1580# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1581# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1582# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1583# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1584# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1585 1586# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1587# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1588# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1589# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1590# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1591# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1592# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1593# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1594 1595# Tonga 1596 1597# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1598# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1599# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1600# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1601 1602# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1603# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1604# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1605# 1606# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1607# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1608# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1609# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1610# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1611# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1612# 1613# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1614# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1615# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1616# 1617# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1618# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1619# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1620# minutes we have lost?" 1621# 1622# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1623# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1624# to say your prayers in the morning." 1625 1626# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1627# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1628 1629# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1630# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1631# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1632# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1633# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1634# Government. 1635 1636# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1637# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1638# 1639# I was given this link by John Letts: 1640# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1641# 1642# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1643# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1644# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1645# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1646 1647# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1648# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1649# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1650# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1651# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1652# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1653# set back an hour on the closing date." 1654# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1655 1656# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1657# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1658# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1659 1660# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1661# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1662# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1663# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1664# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1665# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1666# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1667 1668# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1669# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1670 1671# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1672# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1673# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1674# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1675# hour to 1:00am. 1676 1677# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1678# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1679 1680 1681# Wake 1682 1683# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1684# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1685# 1686# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1687# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1688# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1689# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1690# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1691# impossible. 1692# 1693# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1694 1695# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1696# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1697 1698############################################################################### 1699 1700# The International Date Line 1701 1702# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1703# 1704# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1705# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1706# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1707# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1708# 1709# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1710# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1711# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1712# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1713# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1714# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1715# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1716# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1717# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1718# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1719# correct date is ambiguous. 1720 1721# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1722# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1723# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1724# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1725# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1726# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1727# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1728# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1729# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1730# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1731# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1732# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1733# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1734 1735# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1736# (2005-03-20): 1737# 1738# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1739# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1740# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1741# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1742