australasia revision 105196
1105196Swollman# @(#)australasia 7.67 22742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 386464Swollman 42742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 52742Swollman 62742Swollman############################################################################### 72742Swollman 82742Swollman# Australia 92742Swollman 1086222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1186222Swollman 122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1358787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 142742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 152742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2058787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2158787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2258787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 232742Swollman 242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259908Swollman# Northern Territory 262742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2730711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 282742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 299908Swollman# Western Australia 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 3158787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 3258787Sru 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3314343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3414343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3514343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3614343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 3714343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 382742Swollman 8:00 - WST 399908Swollman# Queensland 4020094Swollman# 4120094Swollman# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 4220094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 4320094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 4420094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 4520094Swollman# 4620094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 4720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 4820094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 4920094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 5020094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 5120094Swollman# 5220094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5358787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5458787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5521217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5621217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 5758787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5858787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 592742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 6058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6121217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 6220094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 6358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6458787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 6520094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 662742Swollman 679908Swollman# South Australia 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6914343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7014343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 7114343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7214343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 7314343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7414343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 7564499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7664499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7764499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7864499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7964499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8014343SwollmanRule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 822742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 832742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 8458787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 852742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 862742Swollman 879908Swollman# Tasmania 882742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8958787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 9058787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9114343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 9214343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 9358787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9414343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9514343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9614343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9758787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 9814343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 9958787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 10058787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10158787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 10214343SwollmanRule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10358787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10458787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1062742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10758787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10858787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1102742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1112742Swollman 1129908Swollman# Victoria 1132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11414343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11558787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11858787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11958787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12014343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 12114343SwollmanRule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12258787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12343543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 1242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1252742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 12658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1272742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1282742Swollman 1299908Swollman# New South Wales 1302742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13114343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13214343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 13314343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13414343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13514343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13614343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 13714343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 13843543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13914343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14014343SwollmanRule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14158787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14243543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 1432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1442742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 14558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1462742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1472742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1482742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1492742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 15058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 15158787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 15258787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1538029Swollman 15414343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 15514343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15675267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 15775267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 15875267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 15975267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 16075267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 16175267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 16275267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 16375267SwollmanRule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 16475267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 16575267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 1662742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1672742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 16814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 1698029Swollman 17014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 1712742Swollman# 1722742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 17314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 17458787Sru# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 1752742Swollman# 17614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 17714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 17814343Swollman# no information 17914343Swollman# 18030711Swollman# Macquarie 18130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 18258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 18358787Sru# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 1842742Swollman 18543014Swollman# Christmas 18643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 1892742Swollman 1902742Swollman# Cook Is 19158787Sru# From Shanks: 1922742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 19443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 19543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 1962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 19819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 19919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2002742Swollman 2012742Swollman# Cocos 2022742Swollman# From USNO (1989): 2032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20419878SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2052742Swollman 2062742Swollman# Fiji 20743543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20875267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 20975267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 21243543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2132742Swollman 2142742Swollman# French Polynesia 2152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2162742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 21719878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2182742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 21919878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2202742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 22119878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 22243014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 22343014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2242742Swollman 2252742Swollman# Guam 2262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 22875267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 22975267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 23075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2312742Swollman 2322742Swollman# Kiribati 2332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2342742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 23519878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 23719878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 23819878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 23919878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 24119878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 24219878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 24319878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2442742Swollman 24514343Swollman# N Mariana Is 24614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 24875267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 24919878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 25075267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 25175267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 25214343Swollman 25314343Swollman# Marshall Is 25414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 25619878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 25719878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 25814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 25919878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 26019878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 26119878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 26214343Swollman 26314343Swollman# Micronesia 26414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 26619878Swollman 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 26719878Swollman 10:00 - YAPT 26814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 26919878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 27014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 27119878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 27214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 27358787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 27458787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 27558787Sru 11:00 - KOST 27614343Swollman 2772742Swollman# Nauru 2782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2792742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 28019878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 2812742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 28219878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 28319878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 2842742Swollman 2852742Swollman# New Caledonia 2862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 28719878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 28819878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 28943014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 29058787Sru# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 29143014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 2922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2932742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 2942742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 2952742Swollman 2962742Swollman 2972742Swollman############################################################################### 2982742Swollman 2992742Swollman# New Zealand 3002742Swollman 3012742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3022742Swollman# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 3032742Swollman# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 30414343SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 3052742SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 30614343SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 30714343SwollmanRule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 3082742SwollmanRule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 30914343SwollmanRule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 31043014Swollman# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 31114343Swollman# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 31214343SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 31314343SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 3149908SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 3159908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 3169908SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 3179908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 3189908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 3199908SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 3209908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 32120094SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 32220094SwollmanRule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 3232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3242742SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 32514343Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 3262742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 32720094SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3282742Swollman 3298029Swollman 33030711Swollman# Auckland Is 33158787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 33258787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3332742Swollman 33430711Swollman# Campbell I 33558787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 33658787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 33758787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 33830711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 33930711Swollman 3402742Swollman############################################################################### 3412742Swollman 3422742Swollman 3432742Swollman# Niue 3442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 34619878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 34719878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 34819878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3492742Swollman 3502742Swollman# Norfolk 3512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3522742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 35319878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 35419878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3552742Swollman 35658787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3579908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3589908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 35919878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3609908Swollman 3612742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 36486222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 36519878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 3662742Swollman 3672742Swollman# Pitcairn 3682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 37058787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 37158787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 3722742Swollman 37314343Swollman# American Samoa 37414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 37514343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 37619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 37714343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 37814343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 37914343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 38014343Swollman 38114343Swollman# W Samoa 38214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 38314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 38419878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 38519878Swollman -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 38614343Swollman 3872742Swollman# Solomon Is 3882742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 3892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3902742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 39119878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 3922742Swollman 3932742Swollman# Tokelau Is 3942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3952742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 39619878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 3972742Swollman 3982742Swollman# Tonga 39958787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 40075267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 40175267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 40293799SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 40393799SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 max - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4052742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 40658787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 40758787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 40858787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4092742Swollman 4102742Swollman# Tuvalu 4112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 41319878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4142742Swollman 41543014Swollman 41643014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 41743014Swollman 41843014Swollman# Howland, Baker 41943014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 42043014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 42143014Swollman 42243014Swollman# Jarvis 42343014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 42443014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 42543014Swollman 42643014Swollman# Johnston 42743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 42843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 42943014Swollman 43043014Swollman# Kingman 43143014Swollman# uninhabited 43243014Swollman 43343014Swollman# Midway 43443014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 43543014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 43643014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 43743014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 43843014Swollman 43943014Swollman# Palmyra 44043014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 44143014Swollman 44243014Swollman# Wake 44343014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 44443014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 44543014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 44643014Swollman 44743014Swollman 4482742Swollman# Vanuatu 4492742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45019878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 45119878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 45219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 45320094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 45420094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 45520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 4562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4572742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 45819878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 4612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4622742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 46319878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 4642742Swollman 4652742Swollman############################################################################### 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# NOTES 4682742Swollman 4692742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4702742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 4712742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 4722742Swollman 47358787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 4742742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 47558787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 47658787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 4772742Swollman# 47886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 47920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 48020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 48120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 48220094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 48320094Swollman# 48420094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 48520094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 48620094Swollman# 4872742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 4882742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 4892742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 4902742Swollman# 4912742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 49258787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 4932742Swollman# 4942742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 4952742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 4962742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 4972742Swollman# std dst 4982742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 4992742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 5002742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5012742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5022742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 50375267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5042742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 5052742Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 50619878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5072742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 50814343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 50958787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5102742Swollman# 51114343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5129908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5132742Swollman 5142742Swollman############################################################################### 5152742Swollman 5162742Swollman# Australia 5172742Swollman 51858787Sru# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 51958787Sru# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 52058787Sru# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 52158787Sru 52219878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5232742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5242742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5252742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5262742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5272742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5282742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5292742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5302742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5312742Swollman# time'. 5322742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5332742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5342742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5352742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5362742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5372742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5382742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5392742Swollman 54086222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5412742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 5422742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 5432742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 5442742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 5452742Swollman 54686222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 54786222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 54886222Swollman# 54986222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 55086222Swollman# 55186222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 55286222Swollman# 55386222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 55486222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 55586222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 55686222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 55786222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 55886222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 55986222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 56086222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 56186222Swollman# 56286222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 56386222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 56486222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 56586222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 56686222Swollman# 56786222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 56886222Swollman# 56986222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 57086222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 57186222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 57286222Swollman# Time, for example. 57386222Swollman# 57486222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 57586222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 57686222Swollman# tiebreaker. 57786222Swollman# 57886222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 57986222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 58086222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 58186222Swollman# 58286222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 58386222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 58486222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 58586222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 58686222Swollman# following count of page hits: 58786222Swollman# 58886222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 58986222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 59086222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 59186222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 59286222Swollman# 59386222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 59486222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 59586222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 59686222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 59786222Swollman# 59886222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 59986222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 60086222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 60186222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 60286222Swollman# 60386222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 60486222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 60586222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 60686222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 60786222Swollman# 60886222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 60986222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 61086222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 61186222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 61286222Swollman# 61386222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 61486222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 61586222Swollman# 61686222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 61786222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 61886222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 61986222Swollman# 62086222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 62186222Swollman# 62286222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 62386222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 62486222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 62586222Swollman# understood in Australia. 62686222Swollman 62714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 6289908Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 6299908Swollman# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 6309908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6319908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6329908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 63314343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6342742Swollman 63543014Swollman# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 63675267Swollman# 63743014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 63843014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 63943014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 64075267Swollman# 64143014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 64243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 64343014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 64443014Swollman# </a> 64543014Swollman# ACT 64658787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 64743014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 64843014Swollman# </a> 64943014Swollman# SA 65043014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 65143014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 65243014Swollman# </a> 65343014Swollman 6549908Swollman# Northern Territory 6559908Swollman 65619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 6572742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 6582742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 6592742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 6602742Swollman# ... 6619908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 6622742Swollman 66319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 6642742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 6652742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 6662742Swollman 6679908Swollman# Western Australia 6682742Swollman 66919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 6702742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 6712742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 6722742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 6732742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 6742742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 6752742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 6762742Swollman# ... 6772742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 6782742Swollman# ... 6792742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 6802742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 6812742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 6822742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 6832742Swollman 68419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 6852742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 6862742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 6872742Swollman 68819878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 6892742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 6902742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 6912742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 6922742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 6932742Swollman# everybody again. 6942742Swollman 69519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 6962742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 6972742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 6982742Swollman 69958787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 70058787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 70158787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 70258787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 70358787Sru 7049908Swollman# Queensland 70519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7062742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7072742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7082742Swollman# ... 7092742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7102742Swollman# ... 7112742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7122742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7132742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7142742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7152742Swollman 71619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7172742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 7182742Swollman# October 1989). 7192742Swollman 72019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7212742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7222742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7232742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7242742Swollman 72519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7262742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 7272742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 7282742Swollman# me.) 7292742Swollman 73019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 7312742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 7322742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 7332742Swollman# ... 7342742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7352742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 7362742Swollman# ... 7372742Swollman 73819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7392742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 7402742Swollman 741105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 742105196Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 743105196Swollman# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 744105196Swollman# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 745105196Swollman# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 746105196Swollman# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 747105196Swollman# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 748105196Swollman# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 749105196Swollman# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 750105196Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 751105196Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 752105196Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 753105196Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 754105196Swollman# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 755105196Swollman# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 756105196Swollman# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 757105196Swollman# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 758105196Swollman# 759105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 760105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 761105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 762105196Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 763105196Swollman# which says a few other things: 764105196Swollman# 765105196Swollman# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 766105196Swollman# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 767105196Swollman# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 768105196Swollman# 769105196Swollman# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 770105196Swollman# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 771105196Swollman# this subregion. 772105196Swollman 7739908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 7742742Swollman 77519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7762742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 7772742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 7782742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 7792742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 7802742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 7812742Swollman# 7822742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 7832742Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 7842742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 7852742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 7862742Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 7872742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 7882742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 7892742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 7902742Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 7912742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 7922742Swollman 79319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7942742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 7952742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 7962742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 7972742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 7982742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 7992742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 8002742Swollman 8019908Swollman# South Australia 8022742Swollman 80319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8042742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8052742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8062742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8072742Swollman 80819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8092742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 8102742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8112742Swollman# ... 8122742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 8132742Swollman# ... 8142742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8152742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8162742Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 8172742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8182742Swollman 81919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 8202742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 8212742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 8222742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 8232742Swollman 82419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 8252742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 8262742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 8272742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 8282742Swollman# is on... 8292742Swollman 83019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 8312742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 8322742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 8332742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 8342742Swollman 83519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 8362742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 8372742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 8382742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 8392742Swollman 8409908Swollman# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 8419908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 8429908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 8439908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 8442742Swollman 8459908Swollman# Tasmania 8469908Swollman 84758787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 84858787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8492742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 8502742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8512742Swollman 85219878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 8532742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 8542742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 8552742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 8562742Swollman 85758787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 85858787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 85958787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 86058787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 86158787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 86258787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 86358787Sru 86464499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 86564499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 86664499Swollman 8679908Swollman# Victoria 8682742Swollman 86958787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 87058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8712742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 8722742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8732742Swollman 87486222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 87586222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 87686222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 87786222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 87886222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 87986222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 88086222Swollman# 88186222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 88286222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 88386222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 88486222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 88586222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 88686222Swollman# expected time. 88786222Swollman# 88886222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 88986222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 89086222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 89186222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 89286222Swollman# 89386222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 89486222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 89586222Swollman 8969908Swollman# New South Wales 8972742Swollman 8982742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 8992742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 9002742Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 9012742Swollman# who notes: 9022742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 9032742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 9042742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 9052742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 9062742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 9072742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 9082742Swollman 90958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 91058787Sru# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 91158787Sru# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 91258787Sru# Daylight Saving 91358787Sru# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 91458787Sru# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 91558787Sru# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 91658787Sru# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 91758787Sru# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 91858787Sru# </a> 9192742Swollman 92058787Sru# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 92158787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 92258787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 92358787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 92458787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 92558787Sru# </a> 92658787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 9272742Swollman 92858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 92958787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 93058787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 93158787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 93258787Sru# </a> 93358787Sru# 93458787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 93558787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 93658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 93758787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 93858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 93958787Sru# 94058787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 94158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 94258787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 94358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 94458787Sru# 94558787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 94658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 94758787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 94858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 94958787Sru# 95058787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 95158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 95258787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 95358787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 95458787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 95558787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 95658787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 95775267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 95858787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 95958787Sru# 96058787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 96158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 96258787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 96358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 9642742Swollman 96543543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 96643543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 96758787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 96843543Swollman 96967578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 97075267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 97175267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 97267578Swollman 9739908Swollman# Yancowinna 9742742Swollman 97567578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 9762742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 9772742Swollman 97819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9792742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 9802742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 9812742Swollman# ... 98243014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 9832742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 9842742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 9852742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 9862742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 9872742Swollman# # presently available. 9882742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 9892742Swollman# ... 9902742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9912742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 9922742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 9932742Swollman 9949908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 9952742Swollman 99619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9972742Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 9982742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 9992742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10002742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10012742Swollman 100258787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 100358787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 100458787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 100558787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 100658787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 100758787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 100886464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 100958787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 101058787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 101158787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 101214343Swollman 101375267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 101475267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 101575267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 101675267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 101775267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 101875267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 101958787Sru 102075267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 102175267Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 102275267Swollman# For times we use Lonergan. 102367578Swollman 10242742Swollman############################################################################### 10252742Swollman 102658787Sru# New Zealand 10272742Swollman 102819878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 10292742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 10302742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 10312742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 10322742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 10332742Swollman 103419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10352742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 10362742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 10372742Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 10382742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10392742Swollman# ... 10402742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10412742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 10422742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10432742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 10442742Swollman# ... 10452742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 10462742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 10472742Swollman 104819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10492742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 10502742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 10512742Swollman 105214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 105314343Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 105414343Swollman# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 105514343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 105614343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 105714343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 105814343Swollman# 105958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 106058787Sru# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 106158787Sru# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 106220094Swollman# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 106358787Sru# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 106414343Swollman 10652742Swollman############################################################################### 10662742Swollman 106758787Sru 10682742Swollman# Fiji 10692742Swollman 107058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 107158787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 107258787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 10732742Swollman 107443543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 107543543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 107675267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 107743543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 107843543Swollman 107958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 108058787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 108158787Sru 108243543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 108343543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 108443543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 108543543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 108643543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 108743543Swollman# millenium. 108843543Swollman 108975267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 109075267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 109158787Sru 109214343Swollman# Johnston 109314343Swollman 109414343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 109514343Swollman 109658787Sru 109717200Swollman# Kiribati 109817200Swollman 109917200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 110017200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 110117200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 110217200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 110317200Swollman 110458787Sru 11052742Swollman# Kwajalein 11062742Swollman 11072742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 11082742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 110919878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 11102742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 11112742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 11122742Swollman 111358787Sru 111414343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 11152742Swollman 111658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 11172742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 11182742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 111975267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 112075267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 112114343Swollman 112275267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 112375267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 112475267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 112575267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 112658787Sru 112775267Swollman 112817200Swollman# Micronesia 112917200Swollman 113017200Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 113117200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 113217200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 113317200Swollman# 113458787Sru# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 113517200Swollman# ignore this for now. 113617200Swollman 113758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 113858787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 113958787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 114058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 114158787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 114258787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 114358787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 114458787Sru 114558787Sru 114658787Sru# Pitcairn 114758787Sru 114858787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 114958787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 115058787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 115158787Sru# 115258787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 115358787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 115458787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 115558787Sru# 115658787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 115758787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 115858787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 115958787Sru 116058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 116158787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 116258787Sru# ... at midnight. 116358787Sru 116458787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 116558787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 116658787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 116758787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 116858787Sru 116958787Sru 117014343Swollman# Samoa 117114343Swollman 117258787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 117358787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 117414343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 117514343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 117614343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 117717200Swollman 117858787Sru 117917200Swollman# Tonga 118017200Swollman 118117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 118217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 118317200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 118417200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 118558787Sru 118658787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 118758787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 118858787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 118958787Sru# </a>: 119058787Sru 119158787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 119258787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 119358787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 119458787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 119558787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 119658787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 119758787Sru# 119858787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 119958787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 120058787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 120158787Sru# 120258787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 120358787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 120458787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 120558787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 120658787Sru# 120758787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 120858787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 120958787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 121058787Sru 121158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 121258787Sru# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 121358787Sru 121458787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 121558787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 121658787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 121758787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 121858787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 121958787Sru# Government. 122058787Sru 122158787Sru# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 122258787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 122375267Swollman# 122458787Sru# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 122558787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 122658787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 122758787Sru# </a> 122875267Swollman# 122958787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 123058787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 123158787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 123258787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 123358787Sru 123458787Sru# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 123558787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 123658787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 123758787Sru# </a>: 123875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 123975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 124075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 124175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 124258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 124358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 124458787Sru 124558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 124658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 124758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 124858787Sru 124975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 125075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 125175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 125275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 125375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 125475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 125575267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 125658787Sru 125775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 125875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 125975267Swollman 126093799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 126193799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 126293799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 126393799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 126493799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 126586222Swollman 126686222Swollman 126758787Sru############################################################################### 126858787Sru 126958787Sru# The International Date Line 127058787Sru 127158787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 127275267Swollman# 127358787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 127458787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 127558787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 127658787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 127758787Sru# 127858787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 127958787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 128058787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 128158787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 128258787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 128358787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 128458787Sru# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 128558787Sru# 128658787Sru# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 128758787Sru# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 128858787Sru# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 128958787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 129058787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 129158787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 129258787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1293