australasia revision 105196
1# @(#)australasia 7.67 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 11 12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 23 24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25# Northern Territory 26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 27 9:00 - CST 1899 May 28 9:30 Aus CST 29# Western Australia 30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 39# Queensland 40# 41# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 44# Queensland ceased to. 45# 46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 50# so use Lindeman. 51# 52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 60 10:00 Aus EST 1971 61 10:00 AQ EST 62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 65 10:00 Holiday EST 66 67# South Australia 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 83 9:00 - CST 1899 May 84 9:30 Aus CST 1971 85 9:30 AS CST 86 87# Tasmania 88# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 90Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 92Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 98Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 99Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 100Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 101Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 102Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 104Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 107 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 108 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 109 10:00 Aus EST 1967 110 10:00 AT EST 111 112# Victoria 113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 114Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 115Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 122Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 126 10:00 Aus EST 1971 127 10:00 AV EST 128 129# New South Wales 130# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 132Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 137Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 138Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 139Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 142Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 145 10:00 Aus EST 1971 146 10:00 AN EST 147Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 148 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 149 9:00 - CST 1899 May 150 9:30 Aus CST 1971 151 9:30 AN CST 2000 152 9:30 AS CST 153 154# Lord Howe Island 155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 156Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 157Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 158Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 159Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 160Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 161Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 162Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 163Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 164Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 165Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 166Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 168 10:30 LH LHST 169 170# Australian miscellany 171# 172# Ashmore Is, Cartier 173# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 174# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 175# 176# Coral Sea Is 177# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 178# no information 179# 180# Macquarie 181# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 182# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 183# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 184 185# Christmas 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 189 190# Cook Is 191# From Shanks: 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 194Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 195Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 198 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 199 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 200 201# Cocos 202# From USNO (1989): 203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 204Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 205 206# Fiji 207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 208Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 209Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 211Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 212 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 213 214# French Polynesia 215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 216Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 217 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 218Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 219 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 220Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 221 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 222# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 223# it is uninhabited. 224 225# Guam 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 228 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 229 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 230 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 231 232# Kiribati 233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 235 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 236Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 237 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 238 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 239 13:00 - PHOT 240Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 241 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 242 -10:00 - LINT 1995 243 14:00 - LINT 244 245# N Mariana Is 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 248 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 249 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 250 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 251 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 252 253# Marshall Is 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 256 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 257 12:00 - MHT 258Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 259 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 260 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 261 12:00 - MHT 262 263# Micronesia 264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 266 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 267 10:00 - YAPT 268Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 269 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 270Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 271 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 272Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 273 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 274 12:00 - KOST 1999 275 11:00 - KOST 276 277# Nauru 278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 280 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 281 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 282 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 283 12:00 - NRT 284 285# New Caledonia 286# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 287Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 288Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 289Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 290# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 291Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 292# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 293Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 294 11:00 NC NC%sT 295 296 297############################################################################### 298 299# New Zealand 300 301# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 302# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 303# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 304Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 305Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 306Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 307Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 308Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 309Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 310# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 311# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 312Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 313Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 314Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 315Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 316Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 317Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 318Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 319Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 320Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 321Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 322Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 324Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 325 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 326 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 327Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 328 329 330# Auckland Is 331# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 332# and scientific personnel have wintered 333 334# Campbell I 335# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 336# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 337# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 338# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 339 340############################################################################### 341 342 343# Niue 344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 346 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 347 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 348 -11:00 - NUT 349 350# Norfolk 351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 353 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 354 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 355 356# Palau (Belau) 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 359 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 360 361# Papua New Guinea 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 364 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 365 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 366 367# Pitcairn 368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 370 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 371 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 372 373# American Samoa 374Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 375 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 376 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 377 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 378 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 379 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 380 381# W Samoa 382Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 383 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 384 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 385 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 386 387# Solomon Is 388# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 391 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 392 393# Tokelau Is 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 396 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 397 398# Tonga 399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 400Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 401Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 402Rule Tonga 2000 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 403Rule Tonga 2001 max - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 404# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 406 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 407 13:00 - TOT 1999 408 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 409 410# Tuvalu 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 413 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 414 415 416# US minor outlying islands 417 418# Howland, Baker 419# uninhabited since World War II 420# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 421 422# Jarvis 423# uninhabited since 1958 424# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 425 426# Johnston 427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 429 430# Kingman 431# uninhabited 432 433# Midway 434Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 435 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 436 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 437 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 438 439# Palmyra 440# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 441 442# Wake 443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 445 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 446 447 448# Vanuatu 449# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 450Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 451Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 452Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 453Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 454Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 455Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 456# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 458 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 459 460# Wallis and Futuna 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 463 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 464 465############################################################################### 466 467# NOTES 468 469# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 470# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 471# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 472 473# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 474# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 475# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 476# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 477# 478# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 479# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 480# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 481# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 482# of the IATA's data after 1990. 483# 484# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 485# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 486# 487# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 488# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 489# I found in the UCLA library. 490# 491# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 492# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 493# 494# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 495# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 496# Corrections are welcome! 497# std dst 498# LMT Local Mean Time 499# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 500# 9:00 JST Japan 501# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 502# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 503# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 504# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 505# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 506# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 507# -11:00 SST Samoa 508# -10:00 HST Hawaii 509# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 510# 511# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 512# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 513 514############################################################################### 515 516# Australia 517 518# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 519# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 520# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 521 522# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 523# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 524# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 525# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 526# abbreviation does _not_ change... 527# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 528# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 529# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 530# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 531# time'. 532# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 533# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 534# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 535# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 536# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 537# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 538# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 539 540# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 541# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 542# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 543# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 544# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 545 546# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 547# versus "AEST" etc.: 548# 549# I see the following points of dispute: 550# 551# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 552# 553# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 554# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 555# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 556# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 557# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 558# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 559# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 560# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 561# 562# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 563# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 564# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 565# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 566# 567# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 568# 569# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 570# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 571# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 572# Time, for example. 573# 574# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 575# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 576# tiebreaker. 577# 578# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 579# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 580# the word "Australian"? 581# 582# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 583# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 584# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 585# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 586# following count of page hits: 587# 588# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 589# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 590# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 591# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 592# 593# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 594# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 595# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 596# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 597# 598# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 599# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 600# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 601# are the hit counts anyway: 602# 603# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 604# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 605# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 606# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 607# 608# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 609# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 610# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 611# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 612# 613# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 614# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 615# 616# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 617# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 618# the ambiguities involved. 619# 620# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 621# 622# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 623# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 624# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 625# understood in Australia. 626 627# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 628# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 629# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 630# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 631# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 632# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 633# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 634 635# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 636# 637# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 638# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 639# relevant entries in this database. 640# 641# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 642# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 643# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 644# </a> 645# ACT 646# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 647# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 648# </a> 649# SA 650# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 651# Standard Time Act, 1898 652# </a> 653 654# Northern Territory 655 656# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 657# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 658# # [ Nov 1990 ] 659# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 660# ... 661# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 662 663# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 664# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 665# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 666 667# Western Australia 668 669# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 670# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 671# # [ Nov 1990 ] 672# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 673# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 674# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 675# # before reaching parliament. 676# ... 677# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 678# ... 679# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 680# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 681# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 682# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 683 684# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 685# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 686# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 687 688# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 689# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 690# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 691# work at 9.00am.) 692# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 693# everybody again. 694 695# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 696# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 697# it matches what was used in the past. 698 699# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 700# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 701# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 702# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 703 704# Queensland 705# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 706# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 707# # [ Dec 1990 ] 708# ... 709# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 710# ... 711# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 712# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 713# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 714# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 715 716# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 717# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 718# October 1989). 719 720# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 721# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 722# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 723# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 724 725# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 726# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 727# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 728# me.) 729 730# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 731# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 732# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 733# ... 734# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 735# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 736# ... 737 738# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 739# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 740 741# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 742# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 743# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 744# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 745# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 746# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 747# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 748# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 749# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 750# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 751# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 752# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 753# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 754# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 755# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 756# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 757# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 758# 759# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 760# This is confirmed by the section entitled 761# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 762# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 763# which says a few other things: 764# 765# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 766# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 767# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 768# 769# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 770# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 771# this subregion. 772 773# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 774 775# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 776# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 777# There are lots of differences between these rules and 778# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 779# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 780# current DST ending dates, no worries. 781# 782# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 783# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 784# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 785# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 786# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 787# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 788# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 789# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 790# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 791# 10:00 Oz EST 792 793# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 794# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 795# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 796# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 797# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 798# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 799# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 800 801# South Australia 802 803# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 804# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 805# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 806# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 807 808# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 809# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 810# # [ Nov 1990 ] 811# ... 812# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 813# ... 814# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 815# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 816# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 817# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 818 819# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 820# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 821# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 822# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 823 824# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 825# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 826# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 827# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 828# is on... 829 830# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 831# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 832# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 833# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 834 835# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 836# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 837# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 838# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 839 840# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 841# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 842# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 843# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 844 845# Tasmania 846 847# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 848# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 849# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 850# # [ Nov 1990 ] 851 852# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 853# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 854# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 855# (but nothing new about that). 856 857# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 858# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 859# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 860# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 861# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 862# instead of the first Sunday in October. 863 864# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 865# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 866 867# Victoria 868 869# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 870# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 871# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 872# # [ Nov 1990 ] 873 874# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 875# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 876# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 877# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 878# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 879# in Melbourne, Australia. 880# 881# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 882# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 883# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 884# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 885# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 886# expected time. 887# 888# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 889# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 890# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 891# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 892# 893# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 894# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 895 896# New South Wales 897 898# From Arthur David Olson: 899# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 900# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 901# who notes: 902# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 903# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 904# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 905# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 906# legislation. This is very important to understand. 907# I have researched New South Wales time only... 908 909# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 910# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 911# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 912# Daylight Saving 913# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 914# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 915# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 916# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 917# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 918# </a> 919 920# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 921# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 922# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 923# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 924# Two months more daylight saving 925# </a> 926# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 927 928# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 929# See the following official NSW source: 930# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 931# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 932# </a> 933# 934# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 935# daylight saving next year. See: 936# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 937# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 938# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 939# 940# Victoria will following NSW. See: 941# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 942# Vic to extend daylight saving 943# </a> (1999-07-28). 944# 945# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 946# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 947# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 948# </a> (1999-07-19). 949# 950# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 951# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 952# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 953# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 954# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 955# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 956# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 957# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 958# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 959# 960# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 961# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 962# Broken Hill to be behind the times 963# </a> (1999-07-21). 964 965# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 966# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 967# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 968 969# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 970# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 971# towns to use Queensland time. 972 973# Yancowinna 974 975# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 976# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 977 978# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 979# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 980# # [ Dec 1990 ] 981# ... 982# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 983# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 984# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 985# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 986# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 987# # presently available. 988# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 989# ... 990# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 991# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 992# [followed by other Rules] 993 994# Lord Howe Island 995 996# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 997# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 998# [ Dec 1990 ] 999# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1000# hour ahead of NSW time. 1001 1002# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1003# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1004# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1005# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1006# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1007# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1008# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1009# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1010# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1011# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1012 1013# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1014# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1015# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1016# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1017# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1018# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1019 1020# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 1021# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 1022# For times we use Lonergan. 1023 1024############################################################################### 1025 1026# New Zealand 1027 1028# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1029# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1030# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1031# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1032# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1033 1034# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1035# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1036# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1037# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1038# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1039# ... 1040# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1041# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1042# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1043# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1044# ... 1045# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1046# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1047 1048# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1049# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1050# rather than the October 1 value. 1051 1052# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1053# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1054# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1055# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1056# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1057# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1058# 1059# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1060# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 1061# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 1062# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 1063# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 1064 1065############################################################################### 1066 1067 1068# Fiji 1069 1070# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1071# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1072# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1073 1074# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1075# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1076# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1077# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1078 1079# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1080# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1081 1082# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1083# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1084# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1085# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1086# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1087# millenium. 1088 1089# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1090# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1091 1092# Johnston 1093 1094# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1095 1096 1097# Kiribati 1098 1099# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1100# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1101# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1102# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1103 1104 1105# Kwajalein 1106 1107# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1108# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1109# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1110# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1111# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1112 1113 1114# N Mariana Is, Guam 1115 1116# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1117# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1118# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1119# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1120# see Asia/Manila. 1121 1122# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1123# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1124# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1125# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1126 1127 1128# Micronesia 1129 1130# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 1131# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1132# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1133# 1134# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 1135# ignore this for now. 1136 1137# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1138# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1139# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1140# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1141# </a> (1999-01-26) 1142# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1143# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1144 1145 1146# Pitcairn 1147 1148# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1149# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1150# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1151# 1152# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1153# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1154# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1155# 1156# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1157# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1158# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1159 1160# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1161# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1162# ... at midnight. 1163 1164# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1165# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1166# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1167# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1168 1169 1170# Samoa 1171 1172# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1173# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1174# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1175# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1176# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1177 1178 1179# Tonga 1180 1181# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1182# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1183# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1184# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1185 1186# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1187# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1188# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1189# </a>: 1190 1191# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1192# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1193# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1194# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1195# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1196# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1197# 1198# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1199# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1200# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1201# 1202# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1203# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1204# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1205# minutes we have lost?" 1206# 1207# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1208# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1209# to say your prayers in the morning." 1210 1211# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1212# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1213 1214# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1215# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1216# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1217# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1218# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1219# Government. 1220 1221# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1222# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1223# 1224# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1225# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1226# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1227# </a> 1228# 1229# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1230# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1231# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1232# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1233 1234# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1235# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1236# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1237# </a>: 1238# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1239# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1240# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1241# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1242# set back an hour on the closing date." 1243# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1244 1245# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1246# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1247# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1248 1249# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1250# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1251# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1252# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1253# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1254# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1255# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1256 1257# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1258# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1259 1260# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1261# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1262# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1263# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1264# hour to 1:00am. 1265 1266 1267############################################################################### 1268 1269# The International Date Line 1270 1271# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1272# 1273# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1274# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1275# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1276# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1277# 1278# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1279# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1280# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1281# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1282# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1283# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1284# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1285# 1286# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1287# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1288# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1289# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1290# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1291# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1292# correct date is ambiguous. 1293