1218822Sdim@c Copyright 2002, 2003, 2005 2104834Sobrien@c Free Software Foundation, Inc. 3104834Sobrien@c Contributed by David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com> 4104834Sobrien@c This is part of the GAS manual. 5104834Sobrien@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. 6104834Sobrien 7104834Sobrien@ifset GENERIC 8104834Sobrien@page 9104834Sobrien@node IA-64-Dependent 10104834Sobrien@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features 11104834Sobrien@end ifset 12104834Sobrien 13104834Sobrien@ifclear GENERIC 14104834Sobrien@node Machine Dependencies 15104834Sobrien@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features 16104834Sobrien@end ifclear 17104834Sobrien 18104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 support 19104834Sobrien@menu 20104834Sobrien* IA-64 Options:: Options 21104834Sobrien* IA-64 Syntax:: Syntax 22104834Sobrien@c * IA-64 Floating Point:: Floating Point // to be written 23104834Sobrien@c * IA-64 Directives:: IA-64 Machine Directives // to be written 24104834Sobrien* IA-64 Opcodes:: Opcodes 25104834Sobrien@end menu 26104834Sobrien 27104834Sobrien@node IA-64 Options 28104834Sobrien@section Options 29104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 options 30104834Sobrien@cindex options for IA-64 31104834Sobrien 32104834Sobrien@table @option 33104834Sobrien@cindex @code{-mconstant-gp} command line option, IA-64 34104834Sobrien 35104834Sobrien@item -mconstant-gp 36104834SobrienThis option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file 37104834Sobrienas using the ``constant GP'' model. With this model, it is assumed 38104834Sobrienthat the entire program uses a single global pointer (GP) value. Note 39104834Sobrienthat this option does not in any fashion affect the machine code 40104834Sobrienemitted by the assembler. All it does is turn on the EF_IA_64_CONS_GP 41104834Sobrienflag in the ELF file header. 42104834Sobrien 43104834Sobrien@item -mauto-pic 44104834SobrienThis option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file 45104834Sobrienas using the ``constant GP without function descriptor'' data model. 46104834SobrienThis model is like the ``constant GP'' model, except that it 47130561Sobrienadditionally does away with function descriptors. What this means is 48104834Sobrienthat the address of a function refers directly to the function's code 49104834Sobrienentry-point. Normally, such an address would refer to a function 50104834Sobriendescriptor, which contains both the code entry-point and the GP-value 51104834Sobrienneeded by the function. Note that this option does not in any fashion 52104834Sobrienaffect the machine code emitted by the assembler. All it does is 53104834Sobrienturn on the EF_IA_64_NOFUNCDESC_CONS_GP flag in the ELF file header. 54104834Sobrien 55104834Sobrien@item -milp32 56104834Sobrien@item -milp64 57104834Sobrien@item -mlp64 58104834Sobrien@item -mp64 59104834SobrienThese options select the data model. The assembler defaults to @code{-mlp64} 60104834Sobrien(LP64 data model). 61104834Sobrien 62104834Sobrien@item -mle 63104834Sobrien@item -mbe 64104834SobrienThese options select the byte order. The @code{-mle} option selects little-endian 65104834Sobrienbyte order (default) and @code{-mbe} selects big-endian byte order. Note that 66104834SobrienIA-64 machine code always uses little-endian byte order. 67104834Sobrien 68218822Sdim@item -mtune=itanium1 69218822Sdim@item -mtune=itanium2 70218822SdimTune for a particular IA-64 CPU, @var{itanium1} or @var{itanium2}. The 71218822Sdimdefault is @var{itanium2}. 72218822Sdim 73218822Sdim@item -munwind-check=warning 74218822Sdim@item -munwind-check=error 75218822SdimThese options control what the assembler will do when performing 76218822Sdimconsistency checks on unwind directives. @code{-munwind-check=warning} 77218822Sdimwill make the assembler issue a warning when an unwind directive check 78218822Sdimfails. This is the default. @code{-munwind-check=error} will make the 79218822Sdimassembler issue an error when an unwind directive check fails. 80218822Sdim 81218822Sdim@item -mhint.b=ok 82218822Sdim@item -mhint.b=warning 83218822Sdim@item -mhint.b=error 84218822SdimThese options control what the assembler will do when the @samp{hint.b} 85218822Sdiminstruction is used. @code{-mhint.b=ok} will make the assembler accept 86218822Sdim@samp{hint.b}. @code{-mint.b=warning} will make the assembler issue a 87218822Sdimwarning when @samp{hint.b} is used. @code{-mhint.b=error} will make 88218822Sdimthe assembler treat @samp{hint.b} as an error, which is the default. 89218822Sdim 90104834Sobrien@item -x 91104834Sobrien@item -xexplicit 92218822SdimThese options turn on dependency violation checking. 93104834Sobrien 94104834Sobrien@item -xauto 95104834SobrienThis option instructs the assembler to automatically insert stop bits where necessary 96218822Sdimto remove dependency violations. This is the default mode. 97104834Sobrien 98218822Sdim@item -xnone 99218822SdimThis option turns off dependency violation checking. 100218822Sdim 101104834Sobrien@item -xdebug 102104834SobrienThis turns on debug output intended to help tracking down bugs in the dependency 103104834Sobrienviolation checker. 104104834Sobrien 105218822Sdim@item -xdebugn 106218822SdimThis is a shortcut for -xnone -xdebug. 107218822Sdim 108218822Sdim@item -xdebugx 109218822SdimThis is a shortcut for -xexplicit -xdebug. 110218822Sdim 111104834Sobrien@end table 112104834Sobrien 113104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 Syntax 114104834Sobrien@node IA-64 Syntax 115104834Sobrien@section Syntax 116104834SobrienThe assembler syntax closely follows the IA-64 Assembly Language 117104834SobrienReference Guide. 118104834Sobrien 119104834Sobrien@menu 120104834Sobrien* IA-64-Chars:: Special Characters 121104834Sobrien* IA-64-Regs:: Register Names 122104834Sobrien* IA-64-Bits:: Bit Names 123218822Sdim@c * IA-64-Relocs:: Relocations // to be written 124104834Sobrien@end menu 125104834Sobrien 126104834Sobrien@node IA-64-Chars 127104834Sobrien@subsection Special Characters 128104834Sobrien 129104834Sobrien@cindex line comment character, IA-64 130104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 line comment character 131104834Sobrien@samp{//} is the line comment token. 132104834Sobrien 133104834Sobrien@cindex line separator, IA-64 134104834Sobrien@cindex statement separator, IA-64 135104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 line separator 136104834Sobrien@samp{;} can be used instead of a newline to separate statements. 137104834Sobrien 138104834Sobrien@node IA-64-Regs 139104834Sobrien@subsection Register Names 140104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 registers 141104834Sobrien@cindex register names, IA-64 142104834Sobrien 143130561SobrienThe 128 integer registers are referred to as @samp{r@var{n}}. 144130561SobrienThe 128 floating-point registers are referred to as @samp{f@var{n}}. 145130561SobrienThe 128 application registers are referred to as @samp{ar@var{n}}. 146130561SobrienThe 128 control registers are referred to as @samp{cr@var{n}}. 147130561SobrienThe 64 one-bit predicate registers are referred to as @samp{p@var{n}}. 148130561SobrienThe 8 branch registers are referred to as @samp{b@var{n}}. 149104834SobrienIn addition, the assembler defines a number of aliases: 150104834Sobrien@samp{gp} (@samp{r1}), @samp{sp} (@samp{r12}), @samp{rp} (@samp{b0}), 151104834Sobrien@samp{ret0} (@samp{r8}), @samp{ret1} (@samp{r9}), @samp{ret2} (@samp{r10}), 152104834Sobrien@samp{ret3} (@samp{r9}), @samp{farg@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}), and 153104834Sobrien@samp{fret@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}). 154104834Sobrien 155104834SobrienFor convenience, the assembler also defines aliases for all named application 156104834Sobrienand control registers. For example, @samp{ar.bsp} refers to the register 157104834Sobrienbacking store pointer (@samp{ar17}). Similarly, @samp{cr.eoi} refers to 158104834Sobrienthe end-of-interrupt register (@samp{cr67}). 159104834Sobrien 160104834Sobrien@node IA-64-Bits 161104834Sobrien@subsection IA-64 Processor-Status-Register (PSR) Bit Names 162104834Sobrien@cindex IA-64 Processor-status-Register bit names 163104834Sobrien@cindex PSR bits 164104834Sobrien@cindex bit names, IA-64 165104834Sobrien 166104834SobrienThe assembler defines bit masks for each of the bits in the IA-64 167104834Sobrienprocessor status register. For example, @samp{psr.ic} corresponds to 168104834Sobriena value of 0x2000. These masks are primarily intended for use with 169218822Sdimthe @samp{ssm}/@samp{sum} and @samp{rsm}/@samp{rum} 170104834Sobrieninstructions, but they can be used anywhere else where an integer 171104834Sobrienconstant is expected. 172104834Sobrien 173104834Sobrien@node IA-64 Opcodes 174104834Sobrien@section Opcodes 175104834SobrienFor detailed information on the IA-64 machine instruction set, see the 176104834Sobrien@c Attempt to work around a very overfull hbox. 177104834Sobrien@iftex 178104834SobrienIA-64 Assembly Language Reference Guide available at 179104834Sobrien@smallfonts 180104834Sobrien@example 181104834Sobrienhttp://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm 182104834Sobrien@end example 183104834Sobrien@textfonts 184104834Sobrien@end iftex 185104834Sobrien@ifnottex 186104834Sobrien@uref{http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm,IA-64 Architecture Handbook}. 187104834Sobrien@end ifnottex 188