1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15 *    without specific prior written permission.
16 *
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27 * SUCH DAMAGE.
28 *
29 *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
30 */
31
32#include <sys/cdefs.h>
33__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/10.2/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c 293893 2016-01-14 09:10:46Z glebius $");
34
35#include "opt_inet.h"
36#include "opt_inet6.h"
37#include "opt_ipsec.h"
38#include "opt_kdtrace.h"
39#include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
40
41#include <sys/param.h>
42#include <sys/systm.h>
43#include <sys/domain.h>
44#include <sys/hhook.h>
45#include <sys/kernel.h>
46#include <sys/lock.h>
47#include <sys/mbuf.h>
48#include <sys/mutex.h>
49#include <sys/protosw.h>
50#include <sys/sdt.h>
51#include <sys/socket.h>
52#include <sys/socketvar.h>
53#include <sys/sysctl.h>
54
55#include <net/if.h>
56#include <net/route.h>
57#include <net/vnet.h>
58
59#include <netinet/cc.h>
60#include <netinet/in.h>
61#include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
62#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
63#include <netinet/ip.h>
64#include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
65#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
66#include <netinet/ip_options.h>
67#ifdef INET6
68#include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
69#include <netinet/ip6.h>
70#include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
71#endif
72#define	TCPOUTFLAGS
73#include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
74#include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
75#include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
76#include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
77#include <netinet/tcpip.h>
78#ifdef TCPDEBUG
79#include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
80#endif
81#ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
82#include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
83#endif
84
85#ifdef IPSEC
86#include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
87#endif /*IPSEC*/
88
89#include <machine/in_cksum.h>
90
91#include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
92
93VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
94SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
95	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
96	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
97
98VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
99#define	V_tcp_do_tso		VNET(tcp_do_tso)
100SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_RW,
101	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
102	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
103
104VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
105#define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
106SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_RW,
107	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
108
109VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
110#define	V_tcp_do_autosndbuf	VNET(tcp_do_autosndbuf)
111SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_RW,
112	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
113	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
114
115VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
116#define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_inc)
117SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_RW,
118	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
119	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
120
121VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
122#define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_max	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_max)
123SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_RW,
124	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
125	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
126
127static void inline	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp,
128			    struct tcphdr *th, struct tcpopt *to,
129			    long len, int tso);
130static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
131
132/*
133 * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
134 */
135static void inline
136hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
137    struct tcpopt *to, long len, int tso)
138{
139	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
140
141	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
142		hhook_data.tp = tp;
143		hhook_data.th = th;
144		hhook_data.to = to;
145		hhook_data.len = len;
146		hhook_data.tso = tso;
147
148		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
149		    tp->osd);
150	}
151}
152
153/*
154 * CC wrapper hook functions
155 */
156static void inline
157cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
158{
159	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
160
161	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
162		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
163}
164
165/*
166 * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
167 */
168int
169tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
170{
171	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
172	long len, recwin, sendwin;
173	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
174	struct mbuf *m;
175	struct ip *ip = NULL;
176	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
177	struct tcphdr *th;
178	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
179	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
180#ifdef IPSEC
181	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
182#endif
183	int idle, sendalot;
184	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
185	struct sackhole *p;
186	int tso, mtu;
187	struct tcpopt to;
188#if 0
189	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
190#endif
191#ifdef INET6
192	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
193	int isipv6;
194
195	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
196#endif
197
198	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
199
200#ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
201	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
202		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
203#endif
204
205	/*
206	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
207	 * and flags that will be used.
208	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
209	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
210	 */
211	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
212	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
213		cc_after_idle(tp);
214	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
215	if (idle) {
216		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
217			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
218			idle = 0;
219		}
220	}
221again:
222	/*
223	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
224	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
225	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
226	 */
227	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
228	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
229		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
230	sendalot = 0;
231	tso = 0;
232	mtu = 0;
233	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
234	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
235
236	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
237	/*
238	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
239	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
240	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
241	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
242	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
243	 */
244	/*
245	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
246	 */
247	sack_rxmit = 0;
248	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
249	len = 0;
250	p = NULL;
251	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
252	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
253		long cwin;
254
255		cwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt;
256		if (cwin < 0)
257			cwin = 0;
258		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
259		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
260			/*
261			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
262			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
263			 * for this hole.
264			 */
265			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
266				/*
267				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
268				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
269				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
270				 * moves past p->rxmit.
271				 */
272				p = NULL;
273				goto after_sack_rexmit;
274			} else
275				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
276				len = ((long)ulmin(cwin,
277						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
278		} else
279			len = ((long)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
280		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
281		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
282		    __func__, off));
283		if (len > 0) {
284			sack_rxmit = 1;
285			sendalot = 1;
286			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
287			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
288			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
289		}
290	}
291after_sack_rexmit:
292	/*
293	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
294	 * state flags.
295	 */
296	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
297		flags |= TH_FIN;
298	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
299		flags |= TH_SYN;
300
301	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
302	/*
303	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
304	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
305	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
306	 * and go to transmit state.
307	 */
308	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
309		if (sendwin == 0) {
310			/*
311			 * If we still have some data to send, then
312			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
313			 * happen below when it realizes that we
314			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
315			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
316			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
317			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
318			 * up sending the packet without recording
319			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
320			 *
321			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
322			 * because if we don't have any more data
323			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
324			 * itself.
325			 */
326			if (off < so->so_snd.sb_cc)
327				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
328			sendwin = 1;
329		} else {
330			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
331			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
332		}
333	}
334
335	/*
336	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
337	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
338	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
339	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
340	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
341	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
342	 *
343	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
344	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
345	 * wind up 0.
346	 *
347	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
348	 * in which case len is already set.
349	 */
350	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
351		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
352			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, sendwin) - off);
353		else {
354			long cwin;
355
356                        /*
357			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
358			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
359			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
360			 */
361			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, tp->snd_wnd)
362			       - off);
363			/*
364			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
365			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
366			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
367			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
368			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
369			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
370			 */
371			if (len > 0) {
372				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
373					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
374					sack_bytes_rxmt;
375				if (cwin < 0)
376					cwin = 0;
377				len = lmin(len, cwin);
378			}
379		}
380	}
381
382	/*
383	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
384	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
385	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
386	 */
387	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
388		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
389			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
390		off--, len++;
391	}
392
393	/*
394	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
395	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
396	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
397	 */
398	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
399		len = 0;
400		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
401	}
402
403	if (len <= 0) {
404		/*
405		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
406		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
407		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
408		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
409		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
410		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
411		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
412		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
413		 *
414		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
415		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
416		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
417		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
418		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
419		 */
420		len = 0;
421		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
422			(off < (int) so->so_snd.sb_cc)) {
423			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
424			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
425			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
426			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
427				tcp_setpersist(tp);
428		}
429	}
430
431	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
432	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
433
434	/*
435	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
436	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
437	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
438	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
439	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
440	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
441	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
442	 *
443	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
444	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
445	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
446	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
447	 *     have data to make use of it);
448	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
449	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
450	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
451	 *
452	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
453	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
454	 * maximum.
455	 *
456	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
457	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
458	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
459	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
460	 * delay*bandwith product.  However testing has shown this not
461	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
462	 * of available bandwith (the non-use of it) for wasting some
463	 * socket buffer memory.
464	 *
465	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
466	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
467	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
468	 */
469	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
470		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat &&
471		    so->so_snd.sb_cc >= (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) &&
472		    so->so_snd.sb_cc < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
473		    sendwin >= (so->so_snd.sb_cc - (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
474			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
475			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
476			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
477				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
478		}
479	}
480
481	/*
482	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
483	 * hardware).
484	 *
485	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
486	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
487	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
488	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
489	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
490	 * segment or packet.
491	 */
492#ifdef IPSEC
493	/*
494	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
495	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
496	 */
497	ipsec_optlen = ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
498#endif
499	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
500	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
501	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
502#ifdef IPSEC
503	    ipsec_optlen == 0 &&
504#endif
505	    tp->t_inpcb->inp_options == NULL &&
506	    tp->t_inpcb->in6p_options == NULL)
507		tso = 1;
508
509	if (sack_rxmit) {
510		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
511			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
512	} else {
513		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
514			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
515	}
516
517	recwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
518
519	/*
520	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
521	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
522	 *
523	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
524	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
525	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
526	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
527	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
528	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
529	 *	- we need to retransmit
530	 */
531	if (len) {
532		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
533			goto send;
534		/*
535		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
536		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
537		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
538		 *
539		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
540		 */
541		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
542		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
543		    len + off >= so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
544		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
545			goto send;
546		}
547		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
548			goto send;
549		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
550			goto send;
551		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
552			goto send;
553		if (sack_rxmit)
554			goto send;
555	}
556
557	/*
558	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
559	 *
560	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
561	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
562	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
563	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
564	 * provides the most current window information.
565	 *
566	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
567	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
568	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
569	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
570	 * and the application is doing small reads.
571	 *
572	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
573	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
574	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
575	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
576	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
577	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
578	 * carry further window increases.
579	 *
580	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
581	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
582	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
583	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
584	 * half-open state.
585	 */
586	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
587	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
588	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
589		/*
590		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
591		 * taking into account that we are limited by
592		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
593		 */
594		long adv;
595		int oldwin;
596
597		adv = min(recwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
598		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
599			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
600			adv -= oldwin;
601		} else
602			oldwin = 0;
603
604		/*
605		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as the old
606		 * size when it is scaled, then don't force a window update.
607		 */
608		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale == (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
609			goto dontupdate;
610
611		if (adv >= (long)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
612		    (adv >= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
613		     recwin <= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
614		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
615			goto send;
616	}
617dontupdate:
618
619	/*
620	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
621	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
622	 */
623	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
624		goto send;
625	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
626	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
627		goto send;
628	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
629		goto send;
630	/*
631	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
632	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
633	 */
634	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
635	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
636		goto send;
637	/*
638	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
639	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
640	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
641	 */
642	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
643	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
644	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
645	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
646		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
647		goto just_return;
648	}
649	/*
650	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
651	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
652	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
653	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
654	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
655	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
656	 *
657	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
658	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
659	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
660	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
661	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
662	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
663	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
664	 *
665	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
666	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
667	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
668	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
669	 * otherwise force out a byte.
670	 */
671	if (so->so_snd.sb_cc && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
672	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
673		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
674		tcp_setpersist(tp);
675	}
676
677	/*
678	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
679	 */
680just_return:
681	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
682	return (0);
683
684send:
685	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
686	if (len > 0) {
687		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
688			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
689		else
690			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
691	}
692	/*
693	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
694	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
695	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
696	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
697	 * link header, i.e.
698	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
699	 */
700	optlen = 0;
701#ifdef INET6
702	if (isipv6)
703		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
704	else
705#endif
706		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
707
708	/*
709	 * Compute options for segment.
710	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
711	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
712	 * syncache.
713	 */
714	to.to_flags = 0;
715	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
716		/* Maximum segment size. */
717		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
718			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
719			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
720			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
721		}
722		/* Window scaling. */
723		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
724			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
725			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
726		}
727		/* Timestamps. */
728		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
729		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
730			to.to_tsval = tcp_ts_getticks() + tp->ts_offset;
731			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
732			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
733			/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
734			if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
735			    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
736				tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
737		}
738		/* Selective ACK's. */
739		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
740			if (flags & TH_SYN)
741				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
742			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
743			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
744			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
745				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
746				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
747				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
748			}
749		}
750#ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
751		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
752		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
753			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
754#endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
755
756		/* Processing the options. */
757		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
758	}
759
760#ifdef INET6
761	if (isipv6)
762		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
763	else
764#endif
765	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
766		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
767				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
768	else
769		ipoptlen = 0;
770#ifdef IPSEC
771	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
772#endif
773
774	/*
775	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
776	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxopd length.
777	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
778	 * the segment.
779	 */
780	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
781		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
782
783		if (tso) {
784			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
785			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount;
786			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize;
787			struct mbuf *mb;
788			u_int moff;
789			int max_len;
790
791			/* extract TSO information */
792			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
793			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
794			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
795
796			/*
797			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
798			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
799			 * allowed by the network interface:
800			 */
801			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
802			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
803
804			/*
805			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
806			 * length:
807			 */
808			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
809				/* compute maximum TSO length */
810				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen);
811				if (max_len <= 0) {
812					len = 0;
813				} else if (len > max_len) {
814					sendalot = 1;
815					len = max_len;
816				}
817			}
818
819			/*
820			 * Check if we should limit by maximum segment
821			 * size and count:
822			 */
823			if (if_hw_tsomaxsegcount != 0 &&
824			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize != 0) {
825				max_len = 0;
826				mb = sbsndmbuf(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
827
828				while (mb != NULL && max_len < len) {
829					u_int mlen;
830					u_int frags;
831
832					/*
833					 * Get length of mbuf fragment
834					 * and how many hardware frags,
835					 * rounded up, it would use:
836					 */
837					mlen = (mb->m_len - moff);
838					frags = howmany(mlen,
839					    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
840
841					/* Handle special case: Zero Length Mbuf */
842					if (frags == 0)
843						frags = 1;
844
845					/*
846					 * Check if the fragment limit
847					 * will be reached or exceeded:
848					 */
849					if (frags >= if_hw_tsomaxsegcount) {
850						max_len += min(mlen,
851						    if_hw_tsomaxsegcount *
852						    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
853						break;
854					}
855					max_len += mlen;
856					if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= frags;
857					moff = 0;
858					mb = mb->m_next;
859				}
860				if (max_len <= 0) {
861					len = 0;
862				} else if (len > max_len) {
863					sendalot = 1;
864					len = max_len;
865				}
866			}
867
868			/*
869			 * Prevent the last segment from being
870			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
871			 * emptied:
872			 */
873			max_len = (tp->t_maxopd - optlen);
874			if ((off + len) < so->so_snd.sb_cc) {
875				moff = len % max_len;
876				if (moff != 0) {
877					len -= moff;
878					sendalot = 1;
879				}
880			}
881
882			/*
883			 * In case there are too many small fragments
884			 * don't use TSO:
885			 */
886			if (len <= max_len) {
887				len = max_len;
888				sendalot = 1;
889				tso = 0;
890			}
891
892			/*
893			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
894			 * after the bulk sending is done.
895			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
896			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
897			 * last segment.
898			 */
899			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
900				sendalot = 1;
901
902		} else {
903			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
904			sendalot = 1;
905		}
906	} else
907		tso = 0;
908
909	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
910	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
911
912/*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
913#ifdef INET6
914	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
915#else
916	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
917#endif
918		panic("tcphdr too big");
919/*#endif*/
920
921	/*
922	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
923	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
924	 */
925	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
926
927	/*
928	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
929	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
930	 * the template for sends on this connection.
931	 */
932	if (len) {
933		struct mbuf *mb;
934		u_int moff;
935
936		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
937			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
938		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
939			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
940			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
941			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
942		} else {
943			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
944			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
945		}
946#ifdef INET6
947		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
948			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
949		else
950#endif
951			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
952
953		if (m == NULL) {
954			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
955			error = ENOBUFS;
956			sack_rxmit = 0;
957			goto out;
958		}
959
960		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
961		m->m_len = hdrlen;
962
963		/*
964		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
965		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
966		 */
967		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
968
969		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
970			m_copydata(mb, moff, (int)len,
971			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
972			m->m_len += len;
973		} else {
974			m->m_next = m_copy(mb, moff, (int)len);
975			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
976				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
977				(void) m_free(m);
978				error = ENOBUFS;
979				sack_rxmit = 0;
980				goto out;
981			}
982		}
983
984		/*
985		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
986		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
987		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
988		 * a PUSH comes in.)
989		 */
990		if (off + len == so->so_snd.sb_cc)
991			flags |= TH_PUSH;
992		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
993	} else {
994		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
995		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
996			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
997		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
998			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
999		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1000			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1001		else
1002			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1003
1004		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1005		if (m == NULL) {
1006			error = ENOBUFS;
1007			sack_rxmit = 0;
1008			goto out;
1009		}
1010#ifdef INET6
1011		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1012		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1013			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1014		} else
1015#endif
1016		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1017		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1018	}
1019	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1020	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1021#ifdef MAC
1022	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1023#endif
1024#ifdef INET6
1025	if (isipv6) {
1026		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1027		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1028		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1029	} else
1030#endif /* INET6 */
1031	{
1032		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1033		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1034		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1035		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1036	}
1037
1038	/*
1039	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1040	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1041	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1042	 */
1043	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1044	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1045		tp->snd_nxt--;
1046	/*
1047	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1048	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1049	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1050	 * RFC 3168.
1051	 */
1052	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn) {
1053		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1054			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1055				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1056		} else
1057			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1058	}
1059
1060	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1061	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1062		/*
1063		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1064		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1065		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1066		 */
1067		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1068		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
1069#ifdef INET6
1070			if (isipv6)
1071				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1072			else
1073#endif
1074				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1075			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1076		}
1077
1078		/*
1079		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1080		 */
1081		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1082			flags |= TH_CWR;
1083			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
1084		}
1085		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
1086			flags |= TH_ECE;
1087	}
1088
1089	/*
1090	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1091	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1092	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1093	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1094	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1095	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1096	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1097	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1098	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1099	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1100	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1101	 */
1102	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1103		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1104		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1105			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1106		else
1107			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1108	} else {
1109		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1110		p->rxmit += len;
1111		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1112	}
1113	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1114	if (optlen) {
1115		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1116		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1117	}
1118	th->th_flags = flags;
1119	/*
1120	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1121	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1122	 */
1123	if (recwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1124	    recwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
1125		recwin = 0;
1126	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1127	    recwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1128		recwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1129	if (recwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
1130		recwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
1131
1132	/*
1133	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1134	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1135	 * case is handled in syncache.
1136	 */
1137	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1138		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1139				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1140	else
1141		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1142
1143	/*
1144	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1145	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1146	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1147	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1148	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1149	 * the connection.
1150	 */
1151	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1152		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1153		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1154	} else
1155		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1156	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1157		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1158		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1159	} else
1160		/*
1161		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1162		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1163		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1164		 * number wraparound.
1165		 */
1166		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1167
1168#ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1169	if (to.to_flags & TOF_SIGNATURE) {
1170		int sigoff = to.to_signature - opt;
1171		tcp_signature_compute(m, 0, len, optlen,
1172		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + sigoff, IPSEC_DIR_OUTBOUND);
1173	}
1174#endif
1175
1176	/*
1177	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1178	 * checksum extended header and data.
1179	 */
1180	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1181	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1182#ifdef INET6
1183	if (isipv6) {
1184		/*
1185		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
1186		 * in ip6_output.
1187		 */
1188		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1189		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1190		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1191	}
1192#endif
1193#if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1194	else
1195#endif
1196#ifdef INET
1197	{
1198		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1199		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1200		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1201
1202		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1203		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1204		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1205	}
1206#endif
1207
1208	/*
1209	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1210	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1211	 * XXX: Fixme: This is currently not the case for IPv6.
1212	 */
1213	if (tso) {
1214		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxopd - optlen,
1215		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1216		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1217		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxopd - optlen;
1218	}
1219
1220#ifdef IPSEC
1221	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1222	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1223	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1224#else
1225	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1226	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u != %u",
1227	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1228#endif
1229
1230	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1231	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1232
1233#ifdef TCPDEBUG
1234	/*
1235	 * Trace.
1236	 */
1237	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1238		u_short save = 0;
1239#ifdef INET6
1240		if (!isipv6)
1241#endif
1242		{
1243			save = ipov->ih_len;
1244			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1245		}
1246		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1247#ifdef INET6
1248		if (!isipv6)
1249#endif
1250		ipov->ih_len = save;
1251	}
1252#endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1253
1254	/*
1255	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1256	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1257	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1258	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1259	 */
1260	/*
1261	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
1262	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1263	 */
1264#ifdef INET6
1265	if (isipv6) {
1266		struct route_in6 ro;
1267
1268		bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1269		/*
1270		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1271		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1272		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1273		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1274		 */
1275		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1276
1277		/*
1278		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1279		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1280		 * the option header lengths as well.
1281		 */
1282		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1283
1284		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxopd > V_tcp_minmss)
1285			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1286		else
1287			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1288
1289		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1290			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1291
1292		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1293
1294		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1295		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts, &ro,
1296		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1297		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1298
1299		if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1300			mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1301		RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1302	}
1303#endif /* INET6 */
1304#if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1305	else
1306#endif
1307#ifdef INET
1308    {
1309	struct route ro;
1310
1311	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1312	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1313#ifdef INET6
1314	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1315		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1316#endif /* INET6 */
1317	/*
1318	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1319	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1320	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1321	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1322	 *
1323	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1324	 */
1325	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxopd > V_tcp_minmss) {
1326		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1327		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1328	} else {
1329		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1330	}
1331
1332	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1333		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1334
1335	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1336
1337	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &ro,
1338	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1339	    tp->t_inpcb);
1340
1341	if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1342		mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1343	RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1344    }
1345#endif /* INET */
1346
1347out:
1348	/*
1349	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1350	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1351	 */
1352	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1353	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1354		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1355
1356		/*
1357		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1358		 */
1359		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1360			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1361				tp->snd_nxt++;
1362			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1363				tp->snd_nxt++;
1364				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1365			}
1366		}
1367		if (sack_rxmit)
1368			goto timer;
1369		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1370		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1371			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1372			/*
1373			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1374			 * not currently timing anything.
1375			 */
1376			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1377				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1378				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1379				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1380			}
1381		}
1382
1383		/*
1384		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1385		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1386		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1387		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1388		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1389		 * of retransmit time.
1390		 */
1391timer:
1392		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1393		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1394		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1395			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1396				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1397				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1398			}
1399			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1400		} else if (len == 0 && so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
1401		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1402		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1403			/*
1404			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1405			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1406			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1407			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1408			 *    advertisement)
1409			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1410			 *
1411			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1412			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1413			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1414			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1415			 * not send zero window probes.
1416			 *
1417			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1418			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1419			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1420			 * persist timer.
1421			 */
1422			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1423			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1424		}
1425	} else {
1426		/*
1427		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1428		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1429		 */
1430		int xlen = len;
1431		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1432			++xlen;
1433		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1434			++xlen;
1435			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1436		}
1437		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1438			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + len;
1439	}
1440
1441	if (error) {
1442
1443		/*
1444		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1445		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1446		 *
1447		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1448		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1449		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1450		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1451		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1452		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1453		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1454		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1455		 */
1456		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1457		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1458		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1459		    (error != EPERM)) {
1460			if (sack_rxmit) {
1461				p->rxmit -= len;
1462				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1463				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1464				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1465			} else
1466				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1467		}
1468		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1469		switch (error) {
1470		case EPERM:
1471			tp->t_softerror = error;
1472			return (error);
1473		case ENOBUFS:
1474	                if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1475			    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1476	                        tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1477			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1478			return (0);
1479		case EMSGSIZE:
1480			/*
1481			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1482			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1483			 * its MTU.
1484			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1485			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1486			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1487			 * it and try again.
1488			 */
1489			if (tso)
1490				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1491			if (mtu != 0) {
1492				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1493				goto again;
1494			}
1495			return (error);
1496		case EHOSTDOWN:
1497		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1498		case ENETDOWN:
1499		case ENETUNREACH:
1500			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1501				tp->t_softerror = error;
1502				return (0);
1503			}
1504			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1505		default:
1506			return (error);
1507		}
1508	}
1509	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1510
1511	/*
1512	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1513	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1514	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1515	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1516	 */
1517	if (recwin >= 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1518		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1519	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1520	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1521	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1522		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1523#if 0
1524	/*
1525	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1526	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1527	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1528	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1529	 */
1530	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1531		goto again;
1532#endif
1533	if (sendalot)
1534		goto again;
1535	return (0);
1536}
1537
1538void
1539tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1540{
1541	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1542	int tt;
1543
1544	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1545	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1546		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1547	/*
1548	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1549	 */
1550	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1551		      TCPTV_PERSMIN, TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1552	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1553	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1554		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1555}
1556
1557/*
1558 * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1559 * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1560 *
1561 * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1562 * alignment for the scarce option space.
1563 *
1564 * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1565 *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1566 *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1567 *
1568 * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1569 * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1570 * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1571 * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1572 * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1573 */
1574int
1575tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1576{
1577	u_int mask, optlen = 0;
1578
1579	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1580		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1581			continue;
1582		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1583			break;
1584		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1585		case TOF_MSS:
1586			while (optlen % 4) {
1587				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1588				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1589			}
1590			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1591				continue;
1592			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1593			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1594			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1595			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1596			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1597			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1598			break;
1599		case TOF_SCALE:
1600			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1601				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1602				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1603			}
1604			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1605				continue;
1606			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1607			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1608			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1609			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1610			break;
1611		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1612			while (optlen % 2) {
1613				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1614				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1615			}
1616			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1617				continue;
1618			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1619			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1620			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1621			break;
1622		case TOF_TS:
1623			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1624				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1625				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1626			}
1627			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1628				continue;
1629			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1630			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1631			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1632			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1633			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1634			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1635			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1636			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1637			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1638			break;
1639#ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1640		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1641			{
1642			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1643
1644			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1645				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1646				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1647			}
1648			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE)
1649				continue;
1650			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1651			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1652			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1653			to->to_signature = optp;
1654			while (siglen--)
1655				 *optp++ = 0;
1656			break;
1657			}
1658#endif
1659		case TOF_SACK:
1660			{
1661			int sackblks = 0;
1662			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1663			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1664
1665			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1666				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1667				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1668			}
1669			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1670				continue;
1671			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1672			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1673			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1674					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1675			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1676			while (sackblks--) {
1677				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1678				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1679				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1680				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1681				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1682				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1683				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1684				sack++;
1685			}
1686			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1687			break;
1688			}
1689		default:
1690			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1691			break;
1692		}
1693	}
1694
1695	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1696	if (optlen % 4) {
1697		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1698		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1699	}
1700	/*
1701	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1702	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1703	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1704	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1705	 */
1706	while (optlen % 4) {
1707		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1708		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1709	}
1710
1711	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1712	return (optlen);
1713}
1714