1/*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1990 William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by 16 * William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the developer nor the name "386BSD" 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS A COMPONENT OF 386BSD DEVELOPED BY WILLIAM F. JOLITZ 22 * AND IS INTENDED FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. THIS 23 * SOFTWARE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO BE A COMMERCIAL PRODUCT. 24 * THE DEVELOPER URGES THAT USERS WHO REQUIRE A COMMERCIAL PRODUCT 25 * NOT MAKE USE OF THIS WORK. 26 * 27 * FOR USERS WHO WISH TO UNDERSTAND THE 386BSD SYSTEM DEVELOPED 28 * BY WILLIAM F. JOLITZ, WE RECOMMEND THE USER STUDY WRITTEN 29 * REFERENCES SUCH AS THE "PORTING UNIX TO THE 386" SERIES 30 * (BEGINNING JANUARY 1991 "DR. DOBBS JOURNAL", USA AND BEGINNING 31 * JUNE 1991 "UNIX MAGAZIN", GERMANY) BY WILLIAM F. JOLITZ AND 32 * LYNNE GREER JOLITZ, AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON UNIX AND THE 33 * ON-LINE 386BSD USER MANUAL BEFORE USE. A BOOK DISCUSSING THE INTERNALS 34 * OF 386BSD ENTITLED "386BSD FROM THE INSIDE OUT" WILL BE AVAILABLE LATE 1992. 35 * 36 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPER ``AS IS'' AND 37 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 38 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 39 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPER BE LIABLE 40 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 41 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 42 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 43 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 44 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 45 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 46 * SUCH DAMAGE. 47 * 48 * from: unknown origin, 386BSD 0.1 49 * $FreeBSD$ 50 */ 51 52/* 53 * Device Driver for AT parallel printer port 54 * Written by William Jolitz 12/18/90 55 */ 56 57/* 58 * Parallel port TCP/IP interfaces added. I looked at the driver from 59 * MACH but this is a complete rewrite, and btw. incompatible, and it 60 * should perform better too. I have never run the MACH driver though. 61 * 62 * This driver sends two bytes (0x08, 0x00) in front of each packet, 63 * to allow us to distinguish another format later. 64 * 65 * Now added a Linux/Crynwr compatibility mode which is enabled using 66 * IF_LINK0 - Tim Wilkinson. 67 * 68 * TODO: 69 * Make HDLC/PPP mode, use IF_LLC1 to enable. 70 * 71 * Connect the two computers using a Laplink parallel cable to use this 72 * feature: 73 * 74 * +----------------------------------------+ 75 * |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit | 76 * +----------------------------------------+ 77 * |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 | 78 * |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 | 79 * +----------------------------------------+ 80 * |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 | 81 * |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 | 82 * +----------------------------------------+ 83 * |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 | 84 * |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 | 85 * +----------------------------------------+ 86 * |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 | 87 * |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 | 88 * +----------------------------------------+ 89 * |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 | 90 * |BUSY 11 6 1/~0x80 | 91 * +----------------------------------------+ 92 * |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - | 93 * +----------------------------------------+ 94 * 95 * Expect transfer-rates up to 75 kbyte/sec. 96 * 97 * If GCC could correctly grok 98 * register int port asm("edx") 99 * the code would be cleaner 100 * 101 * Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@freebsd.org> 102 */ 103 104#include <sys/param.h> 105#include <sys/systm.h> 106#include <sys/conf.h> 107#include <sys/bus.h> 108#include <sys/kernel.h> 109#include <sys/module.h> 110#include <sys/uio.h> 111#include <sys/syslog.h> 112#include <sys/malloc.h> 113 114#include <machine/bus.h> 115#include <machine/resource.h> 116#include <sys/rman.h> 117 118#include <isa/isavar.h> 119 120#include <pc98/cbus/olptreg.h> 121#include <dev/ppbus/lptio.h> 122 123#define LPINITRDY 4 /* wait up to 4 seconds for a ready */ 124#define LPTOUTINITIAL 10 /* initial timeout to wait for ready 1/10 s */ 125#define LPTOUTMAX 1 /* maximal timeout 1 s */ 126#define LPPRI (PZERO+8) 127#define BUFSIZE 1024 128 129#ifndef DEBUG 130#define lprintf(args) 131#else 132#define lprintf(args) do { \ 133 if (lptflag) \ 134 printf args; \ 135 } while (0) 136static int volatile lptflag = 1; 137#endif 138 139struct lpt_softc { 140 struct resource *res_port; 141 struct resource *res_irq; 142 void *sc_ih; 143 144 int sc_port; 145 short sc_state; 146 /* default case: negative prime, negative ack, handshake strobe, 147 prime once */ 148 u_char sc_control; 149 char sc_flags; 150#define LP_POS_INIT 0x04 /* if we are a postive init signal */ 151#define LP_POS_ACK 0x08 /* if we are a positive going ack */ 152#define LP_NO_PRIME 0x10 /* don't prime the printer at all */ 153#define LP_PRIMEOPEN 0x20 /* prime on every open */ 154#define LP_AUTOLF 0x40 /* tell printer to do an automatic lf */ 155#define LP_BYPASS 0x80 /* bypass printer ready checks */ 156 void *sc_inbuf; 157 short sc_xfercnt ; 158 char sc_primed; 159 char *sc_cp ; 160 u_char sc_irq ; /* IRQ status of port */ 161#define LP_HAS_IRQ 0x01 /* we have an irq available */ 162#define LP_USE_IRQ 0x02 /* we are using our irq */ 163#define LP_ENABLE_IRQ 0x04 /* enable IRQ on open */ 164 u_char sc_backoff ; /* time to call lptout() again */ 165}; 166 167/* bits for state */ 168#define OPEN (1<<0) /* device is open */ 169#define ASLP (1<<1) /* awaiting draining of printer */ 170#define ERROR (1<<2) /* error was received from printer */ 171#define OBUSY (1<<3) /* printer is busy doing output */ 172#define LPTOUT (1<<4) /* timeout while not selected */ 173#define TOUT (1<<5) /* timeout while not selected */ 174#define INIT (1<<6) /* waiting to initialize for open */ 175#define INTERRUPTED (1<<7) /* write call was interrupted */ 176 177 178/* status masks to interrogate printer status */ 179#define RDY_MASK (LPS_SEL|LPS_OUT|LPS_NBSY|LPS_NERR) /* ready ? */ 180#define LP_READY (LPS_SEL|LPS_NBSY|LPS_NERR) 181 182/* Printer Ready condition - from lpa.c */ 183/* Only used in polling code */ 184#define NOT_READY(x) ((inb(x) & LPS_NBSY) != LPS_NBSY) 185 186#define MAX_SLEEP (hz*5) /* Timeout while waiting for device ready */ 187#define MAX_SPIN 20 /* Max delay for device ready in usecs */ 188 189static timeout_t lptout; 190static int lpt_probe(device_t); 191static int lpt_attach(device_t); 192static void lpt_intr(void *); 193 194static devclass_t olpt_devclass; 195 196static device_method_t olpt_methods[] = { 197 DEVMETHOD(device_probe, lpt_probe), 198 DEVMETHOD(device_attach, lpt_attach), 199 { 0, 0 } 200}; 201 202static driver_t olpt_driver = { 203 "olpt", 204 olpt_methods, 205 sizeof (struct lpt_softc), 206}; 207 208DRIVER_MODULE(olpt, isa, olpt_driver, olpt_devclass, 0, 0); 209 210static d_open_t lptopen; 211static d_close_t lptclose; 212static d_write_t lptwrite; 213static d_ioctl_t lptioctl; 214 215static struct cdevsw lpt_cdevsw = { 216 .d_version = D_VERSION, 217 .d_flags = D_NEEDGIANT, 218 .d_open = lptopen, 219 .d_close = lptclose, 220 .d_write = lptwrite, 221 .d_ioctl = lptioctl, 222 .d_name = "lpt", 223}; 224 225static bus_addr_t lpt_iat[] = {0, 2, 4, 6}; 226 227/* 228 * New lpt port probe Geoff Rehmet - Rhodes University - 14/2/94 229 * Based partially on Rod Grimes' printer probe 230 * 231 * Logic: 232 * 1) If no port address was given, use the bios detected ports 233 * and autodetect what ports the printers are on. 234 * 2) Otherwise, probe the data port at the address given, 235 * using the method in Rod Grimes' port probe. 236 * (Much code ripped off directly from Rod's probe.) 237 * 238 * Comments from Rod's probe: 239 * Logic: 240 * 1) You should be able to write to and read back the same value 241 * to the data port. Do an alternating zeros, alternating ones, 242 * walking zero, and walking one test to check for stuck bits. 243 * 244 * 2) You should be able to write to and read back the same value 245 * to the control port lower 5 bits, the upper 3 bits are reserved 246 * per the IBM PC technical reference manauls and different boards 247 * do different things with them. Do an alternating zeros, alternating 248 * ones, walking zero, and walking one test to check for stuck bits. 249 * 250 * Some printers drag the strobe line down when the are powered off 251 * so this bit has been masked out of the control port test. 252 * 253 * XXX Some printers may not like a fast pulse on init or strobe, I 254 * don't know at this point, if that becomes a problem these bits 255 * should be turned off in the mask byte for the control port test. 256 * 257 * We are finally left with a mask of 0x14, due to some printers 258 * being adamant about holding other bits high ........ 259 * 260 * Before probing the control port, we write a 0 to the data port - 261 * If not, some printers chuck out garbage when the strobe line 262 * gets toggled. 263 * 264 * 3) Set the data and control ports to a value of 0 265 * 266 * This probe routine has been tested on Epson Lx-800, HP LJ3P, 267 * Epson FX-1170 and C.Itoh 8510RM 268 * printers. 269 * Quick exit on fail added. 270 */ 271 272int 273lpt_probe(device_t dev) 274{ 275#define PC98_OLD_LPT 0x40 276#define PC98_IEEE_1284_FUNCTION 0x149 277 int rid; 278 struct resource *res; 279 280 /* Check isapnp ids */ 281 if (isa_get_vendorid(dev)) 282 return ENXIO; 283 284 rid = 0; 285 res = isa_alloc_resourcev(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, &rid, lpt_iat, 4, 286 RF_ACTIVE); 287 if (res == NULL) 288 return ENXIO; 289 isa_load_resourcev(res, lpt_iat, 4); 290 291 if (isa_get_port(dev) == PC98_OLD_LPT) { 292 unsigned int pc98_ieee_mode, tmp; 293 294 tmp = inb(PC98_IEEE_1284_FUNCTION); 295 pc98_ieee_mode = tmp; 296 if ((tmp & 0x10) == 0x10) { 297 outb(PC98_IEEE_1284_FUNCTION, tmp & ~0x10); 298 tmp = inb(PC98_IEEE_1284_FUNCTION); 299 if ((tmp & 0x10) != 0x10) { 300 outb(PC98_IEEE_1284_FUNCTION, pc98_ieee_mode); 301 bus_release_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, rid, 302 res); 303 return ENXIO; 304 } 305 } 306 } 307 308 bus_release_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, rid, res); 309 return 0; 310} 311 312/* XXX Todo - try and detect if interrupt is working */ 313int 314lpt_attach(device_t dev) 315{ 316 int rid, unit; 317 struct lpt_softc *sc; 318 struct cdev *cdev; 319 320 unit = device_get_unit(dev); 321 sc = device_get_softc(dev); 322 323 rid = 0; 324 sc->res_port = isa_alloc_resourcev(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, &rid, 325 lpt_iat, 4, RF_ACTIVE); 326 if (sc->res_port == NULL) 327 return ENXIO; 328 isa_load_resourcev(sc->res_port, lpt_iat, 4); 329 330 sc->sc_port = rman_get_start(sc->res_port); 331 sc->sc_primed = 0; /* not primed yet */ 332 333 outb(sc->sc_port+lpt_pstb_ctrl, LPC_DIS_PSTB); /* PSTB disable */ 334 outb(sc->sc_port+lpt_control, LPC_MODE8255); /* 8255 mode set */ 335 outb(sc->sc_port+lpt_control, LPC_NIRQ8); /* IRQ8 inactive */ 336 outb(sc->sc_port+lpt_control, LPC_NPSTB); /* PSTB inactive */ 337 outb(sc->sc_port+lpt_pstb_ctrl, LPC_EN_PSTB); /* PSTB enable */ 338 339 sc->sc_irq = 0; 340 if (isa_get_irq(dev) != -1) { 341 rid = 0; 342 sc->res_irq = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ, &rid, 343 RF_ACTIVE); 344 if (sc->res_irq == NULL) { 345 bus_release_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 0, 346 sc->res_port); 347 return ENXIO; 348 } 349 if (bus_setup_intr(dev, sc->res_irq, INTR_TYPE_TTY, NULL, lpt_intr, 350 sc, &sc->sc_ih)) { 351 bus_release_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 0, 352 sc->res_port); 353 bus_release_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ, 0, 354 sc->res_irq); 355 return ENXIO; 356 } 357 sc->sc_irq = LP_HAS_IRQ | LP_USE_IRQ | LP_ENABLE_IRQ; 358 device_printf(dev, "Interrupt-driven port"); 359 } 360 361 cdev = make_dev(&lpt_cdevsw, 0, 362 UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "lpt%d", unit); 363 cdev->si_drv1 = sc; 364 cdev = make_dev(&lpt_cdevsw, LP_BYPASS, 365 UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "lpctl%d", unit); 366 cdev->si_drv1 = sc; 367 368 return 0; 369} 370 371/* 372 * lptopen -- reset the printer, then wait until it's selected and not busy. 373 * If LP_BYPASS flag is selected, then we do not try to select the 374 * printer -- this is just used for passing ioctls. 375 */ 376 377static int 378lptopen (struct cdev *dev, int flags, int fmt, struct thread *td) 379{ 380 struct lpt_softc *sc = dev->si_drv1; 381 int s; 382 int port; 383 384 if (sc->sc_port == 0) 385 return (ENXIO); 386 387 if (sc->sc_state) { 388 lprintf(("lp: still open %x\n", sc->sc_state)); 389 return(EBUSY); 390 } else 391 sc->sc_state |= INIT; 392 393 sc->sc_flags = dev2unit(dev); 394 395 /* Check for open with BYPASS flag set. */ 396 if (sc->sc_flags & LP_BYPASS) { 397 sc->sc_state = OPEN; 398 return(0); 399 } 400 401 s = spltty(); 402 lprintf(("lp flags 0x%x\n", sc->sc_flags)); 403 port = sc->sc_port; 404 405 /* set IRQ status according to ENABLE_IRQ flag */ 406 if (sc->sc_irq & LP_ENABLE_IRQ) 407 sc->sc_irq |= LP_USE_IRQ; 408 else 409 sc->sc_irq &= ~LP_USE_IRQ; 410 411 /* init printer */ 412 sc->sc_state = OPEN; 413 sc->sc_inbuf = malloc(BUFSIZE, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK); 414 sc->sc_xfercnt = 0; 415 splx(s); 416 417 /* only use timeout if using interrupt */ 418 lprintf(("irq %x\n", sc->sc_irq)); 419 if (sc->sc_irq & LP_USE_IRQ) { 420 sc->sc_state |= TOUT; 421 timeout (lptout, (caddr_t)sc, 422 (sc->sc_backoff = hz/LPTOUTINITIAL)); 423 } 424 425 lprintf(("opened.\n")); 426 return(0); 427} 428 429static void 430lptout (void *arg) 431{ 432 struct lpt_softc *sc = arg; 433 int pl; 434 435 lprintf(("T %x ", inb(sc->sc_port+lpt_status))); 436 if (sc->sc_state & OPEN) { 437 sc->sc_backoff++; 438 if (sc->sc_backoff > hz/LPTOUTMAX) 439 sc->sc_backoff = sc->sc_backoff > hz/LPTOUTMAX; 440 timeout (lptout, (caddr_t)sc, sc->sc_backoff); 441 } else 442 sc->sc_state &= ~TOUT; 443 444 if (sc->sc_state & ERROR) 445 sc->sc_state &= ~ERROR; 446 447 /* 448 * Avoid possible hangs do to missed interrupts 449 */ 450 if (sc->sc_xfercnt) { 451 pl = spltty(); 452 lpt_intr(sc); 453 splx(pl); 454 } else { 455 sc->sc_state &= ~OBUSY; 456 wakeup(sc); 457 } 458} 459 460/* 461 * lptclose -- close the device, free the local line buffer. 462 * 463 * Check for interrupted write call added. 464 */ 465 466static int 467lptclose(struct cdev *dev, int flags, int fmt, struct thread *td) 468{ 469 struct lpt_softc *sc = dev->si_drv1; 470 471 if(sc->sc_flags & LP_BYPASS) 472 goto end_close; 473 474 sc->sc_state &= ~OPEN; 475 free(sc->sc_inbuf, M_DEVBUF); 476 477end_close: 478 sc->sc_state = 0; 479 sc->sc_xfercnt = 0; 480 lprintf(("closed.\n")); 481 return(0); 482} 483 484/* 485 * pushbytes() 486 * Workhorse for actually spinning and writing bytes to printer 487 * Derived from lpa.c 488 * Originally by ? 489 * 490 * This code is only used when we are polling the port 491 */ 492static int 493pushbytes(struct lpt_softc * sc) 494{ 495 int spin, err, tic; 496 char ch; 497 int port = sc->sc_port; 498 499 lprintf(("p")); 500 /* loop for every character .. */ 501 while (sc->sc_xfercnt > 0) { 502 /* printer data */ 503 ch = *(sc->sc_cp); 504 sc->sc_cp++; 505 sc->sc_xfercnt--; 506 507 /* 508 * Wait for printer ready. 509 * Loop 20 usecs testing BUSY bit, then sleep 510 * for exponentially increasing timeout. (vak) 511 */ 512 for (spin=0; NOT_READY(port+lpt_status) && spin<MAX_SPIN; ++spin) 513 DELAY(1); /* XXX delay is NOT this accurate! */ 514 if (spin >= MAX_SPIN) { 515 tic = 0; 516 while (NOT_READY(port+lpt_status)) { 517 /* 518 * Now sleep, every cycle a 519 * little longer .. 520 */ 521 tic = tic + tic + 1; 522 /* 523 * But no more than 10 seconds. (vak) 524 */ 525 if (tic > MAX_SLEEP) 526 tic = MAX_SLEEP; 527 err = tsleep(sc, LPPRI, 528 "lptpoll", tic); 529 if (err != EWOULDBLOCK) { 530 return (err); 531 } 532 } 533 } 534 535 /* output data */ 536 outb(port+lpt_data, ch); 537 DELAY(1); 538 outb(port+lpt_control, LPC_PSTB); 539 DELAY(1); 540 outb(port+lpt_control, LPC_NPSTB); 541 } 542 return(0); 543} 544 545/* 546 * lptwrite --copy a line from user space to a local buffer, then call 547 * putc to get the chars moved to the output queue. 548 * 549 * Flagging of interrupted write added. 550 */ 551 552static int 553lptwrite(struct cdev *dev, struct uio * uio, int ioflag) 554{ 555 register unsigned n; 556 int pl, err; 557 struct lpt_softc *sc = dev->si_drv1; 558 559 if(sc->sc_flags & LP_BYPASS) { 560 /* we can't do writes in bypass mode */ 561 return(EPERM); 562 } 563 564 sc->sc_state &= ~INTERRUPTED; 565 while ((n = min(BUFSIZE, uio->uio_resid)) != 0) { 566 sc->sc_cp = sc->sc_inbuf; 567 uiomove(sc->sc_cp, n, uio); 568 sc->sc_xfercnt = n ; 569 while ((sc->sc_xfercnt > 0)&&(sc->sc_irq & LP_USE_IRQ)) { 570 lprintf(("i")); 571 /* if the printer is ready for a char, */ 572 /* give it one */ 573 if ((sc->sc_state & OBUSY) == 0){ 574 lprintf(("\nC %d. ", sc->sc_xfercnt)); 575 pl = spltty(); 576 lpt_intr(sc); 577 (void) splx(pl); 578 } 579 lprintf(("W ")); 580 if (sc->sc_state & OBUSY) 581 if ((err = tsleep (sc, 582 LPPRI|PCATCH, "lpwrite", 0))) { 583 sc->sc_state |= INTERRUPTED; 584 return(err); 585 } 586 } 587 /* check to see if we must do a polled write */ 588 if(!(sc->sc_irq & LP_USE_IRQ) && (sc->sc_xfercnt)) { 589 lprintf(("p")); 590 if((err = pushbytes(sc))) 591 return(err); 592 } 593 } 594 return(0); 595} 596 597/* 598 * lptintr -- handle printer interrupts which occur when the printer is 599 * ready to accept another char. 600 * 601 * do checking for interrupted write call. 602 */ 603 604static void 605lpt_intr(void *arg) 606{ 607} 608 609static int 610lptioctl(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t data, int flags, struct thread *td) 611{ 612 int error = 0; 613 struct lpt_softc *sc = dev->si_drv1; 614 u_char old_sc_irq; /* old printer IRQ status */ 615 616 switch (cmd) { 617 case LPT_IRQ : 618 if(sc->sc_irq & LP_HAS_IRQ) { 619 /* 620 * NOTE: 621 * If the IRQ status is changed, 622 * this will only be visible on the 623 * next open. 624 * 625 * If interrupt status changes, 626 * this gets syslog'd. 627 */ 628 old_sc_irq = sc->sc_irq; 629 if(*(int*)data == 0) 630 sc->sc_irq &= (~LP_ENABLE_IRQ); 631 else 632 sc->sc_irq |= LP_ENABLE_IRQ; 633 if (old_sc_irq != sc->sc_irq ) 634 log(LOG_NOTICE, "%s switched to %s mode\n", 635 devtoname(dev), 636 (sc->sc_irq & LP_ENABLE_IRQ)? 637 "interrupt-driven":"polled"); 638 } else /* polled port */ 639 error = EOPNOTSUPP; 640 break; 641 default: 642 error = ENODEV; 643 } 644 645 return(error); 646} 647