1Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/10 users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping 15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of 16stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from 17older version of current is a bit fragile. 18 1920180504: 20 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more 21 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as 22 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and 23 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only 24 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 25 2620171003: 27 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF 28 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously 29 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to 30 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the 31 desired kernel was never built in the first place. 32 3320170915: 34 The releng/10.4 branch has been created from stable/10@r323601 35 3620170824: 37 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been 38 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322860, 39 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been 40 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. 41 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later 42 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem 43 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block 44 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in 45 forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it 46 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' 47 to which you should answer yes. 48 4920170511: 50 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. 51 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the 52 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was 53 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible 54 with mmc.ko). 55 5620170413: 57 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when 58 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with 59 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. 60 This allows keep state to specified without forcing keep frags 61 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. 62 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with 63 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 64 6520170323: 66 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 67 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 68 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 69 change. 70 7120160304: 72 The releng/10.3 branch has been created from stable/10@r296371 73 7420160124: 75 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are 76 still available in the security/openssh-portable port. 77 7820151214: 79 r292223 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and 80 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether. 81 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 82 8320151113: 84 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0. 85 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and 86 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively. 87 8820150806: 89 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during 90 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and 91 loader.rc.local instead. 92 9320151026: 94 NTP has been upgraded to 4.2.8p4. 95 9620151025: 97 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from 98 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf 99 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work 100 with Kyuafile and kyua. 101 10220150823: 103 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the 104 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS 105 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS 106 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse. 107 108 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the 109 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant 110 difference with this change. 111 112 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by 113 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to 114 remove that workaround. 115 11620150822: 117 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers 118 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4). 119 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely, 120 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively. 121 12220150813: 123 10.2-RELEASE. 124 12520150731: 126 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some 127 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than 128 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing). 129 130 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater 131 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations. 132 13320150723: 134 The releng/10.2 branch has been created from stable/10@r285827 135 13620150703: 137 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control 138 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the 139 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration 140 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root. 141 14220150624: 143 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail 144 entry below has been been committed in revision 284786. 145 14620150615: 147 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry 148 below has been been committed in revision 284485. The work 149 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the 150 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration 151 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file. 152 15320150614: 154 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl 155 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes 156 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior 157 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit 158 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around 159 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a 160 2048 bit DH parameter by: 161 162 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc 163 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or 164 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5', 165 replace it with '2'. 166 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to 167 a file path, create a new file with: 168 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048 169 4. Rebuild the .cf file: 170 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install 171 5. Restart sendmail: 172 cd /etc/mail/; make restart 173 174 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be 175 updated. 176 17720150601: 178 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as 179 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored. 180 18120150430: 182 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with 183 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards. 184 18520141215: 186 At svn r275807, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted 187 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure 188 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports, 189 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are 190 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during 191 their next update cycle. 192 193 See ports/UPDATING 20141209 and 20141215 on migration to CentOS 6 ports. 194 19520141205: 196 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite. 197 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for a more details on how to 198 execute it. 199 20020141118: 201 10.1-RELEASE. 202 20320141207: 204 The releng/10.1 branch has been created from stable/10@r272459. 205 20620140904: 207 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when 208 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This 209 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from 210 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to 211 1.12.4_8 or newer. 212 21320140831: 214 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and 215 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of 216 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the 217 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private 218 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a 219 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test 220 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a 221 "make installworld". 222 223 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into 224 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the 225 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old" 226 is run. 227 228 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object 229 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures. 230 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced 231 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will 232 be removed during a clean upgrade. 233 23420140814: 235 The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example: 236 hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim 237 Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf. 238 23920140801: 240 The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal 241 function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules. 242 As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped. 243 24420140729: 245 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address 246 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private 247 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run 248 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your 249 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the 250 new configuration. 251 25220140717: 253 It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG 254 options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be 255 placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just 256 contain -g. The build system will automatically update things 257 to do the right thing. 258 25920140715: 260 Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code. 261 All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and 262 iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 263 26420140708: 265 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed 266 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning 267 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.) 268 26920140608: 270 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default 271 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled 272 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel 273 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to 274 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys. 275 27620140512: 277 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release. 278 27920140321: 280 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release. 281 28220140306: 283 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile 284 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such 285 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during 286 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual 287 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN: 288 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f 289 29020140303: 291 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum 292 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in 293 kernel is still highly recommended. 294 29520140227: 296 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as 297 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum 298 capability mode support in kernel. 299 30020140216: 301 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has 302 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later 303 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to 304 the nfe(4) driver instead. 305 30620140120: 307 10.0-RELEASE. 308 30920131216: 310 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism 311 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string 312 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function. 313 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of 314 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will 315 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change. 316 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a 317 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402. 318 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701. 319 32020131207: 321 The releng/10.0 branch has been created from stable/10@r259064. 322 32320131108: 324 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality 325 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were 326 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you 327 should change your settings to use the latter. 328 32920131031: 330 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from 331 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary 332 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding 333 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the 334 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree. 335 33620131014: 337 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private. 338 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg 339 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make 340 delete-old-libs": 341 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean 342 or 343 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml 344 34520131010: 346 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head 347 revision r256279. 348 34920131010: 350 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8) 351 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables 352 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to 353 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked. 354 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some 355 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details. 356 357 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration 358 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate 359 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without 360 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the 361 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by 362 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables. 363 364 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at 365 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name 366 with an integer. 367 36820130930: 369 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need 370 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound 371 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are 372 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example. 373 374 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base 375 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are 376 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can 377 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port. 378 37920130916: 380 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now 381 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 382 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 383 38420130911: 385 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default 386 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with 387 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support 388 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf. 389 39020130906: 391 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++) 392 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system 393 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX 394 options in src.conf. 395 39620130905: 397 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel 398 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work. 399 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include 400 'options PROCDESC'. 401 40220130905: 403 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified 404 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs 405 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the 406 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is 407 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl, 408 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq. 409 41020130903: 411 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module 412 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build 413 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64. 414 41520130821: 416 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices. 417 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be 418 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG". 419 42020130813: 421 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now 422 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default. 423 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time 424 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way. 425 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely 426 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT. 427 42820130806: 429 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and 430 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your 431 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG 432 explicitly. 433 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS) 434 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of 435 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false 436 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS 437 can be used to achieve the previous behavior. 438 43920130806: 440 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead 441 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional 442 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8), 443 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated 444 to r253970 or later. 445 44620130802: 447 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments, 448 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did 449 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message 450 would result: 451 452 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe 453 454 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented 455 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing 456 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the 457 old as well as the new version of find. 458 45920130726: 460 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed. 461 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs 462 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by 463 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs 464 subdirectories must be reviewed. 465 46620130716: 467 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is 468 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will 469 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 470 471 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set. 472 473 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and 474 users are advised to upgrade. 475 47620130709: 477 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it 478 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5). 479 48020130709: 481 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able 482 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking 483 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.) 484 48520130618: 486 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write 487 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space 488 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had 489 write access to that file. 490 49120130615: 492 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy 493 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port. 494 49520130613: 496 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake: 497 498 make: illegal option -- J 499 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable] 500 ... 501 *** [buildworld] Error code 2 502 503 this likely due to an old instance of make in 504 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE}) 505 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if 506 you see the above error: 507 508 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH` 509 510 should resolve it. 511 51220130516: 513 Use bmake by default. 514 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via 515 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old 516 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE. 517 518 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command 519 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the 520 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer 521 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent 522 behavior in parallel build. 523 52420130429: 525 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files. 526 52720130426: 528 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because 529 the IDEA patent expired. 530 53120130426: 532 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed 533 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been 534 enabled by default. 535 53620130425: 537 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX 538 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in 539 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as 540 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where 541 the install command does not support -l, you will need to 542 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required. 543 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster 544 && make install). 545 54620130404: 547 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since 548 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules 549 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are 550 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled 551 and removed. 552 55320130319: 554 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2) 555 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may 556 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting 557 binaries will not work on older kernels. 558 55920130308: 560 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further 561 information, see the respective 20130304 entry). 562 56320130304: 564 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout, 565 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions 566 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced 567 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild 568 is requested. 569 570 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64, 571 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE 572 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE 573 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0 574 in /boot/loader.conf. 575 57620130301: 577 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64. 578 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system 579 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if 580 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system 581 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM. 582 58320130208: 584 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please 585 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information. 586 587 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 588 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 589 59020130129: 591 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed 592 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch. 593 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default, 594 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild 595 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set. 596 59720130121: 598 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build 599 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL 600 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the 601 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs 602 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or 603 /etc/src.conf. 604 60520130118: 606 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an 607 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the 608 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line 609 and the command line contained at least two files and a target 610 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M 611 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its 612 use is expected to be extremely rare. 613 61420121223: 615 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS 616 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics. 617 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations. 618 61920121222: 620 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata. 621 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters, 622 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to 623 be updated. 624 62520121217: 626 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To 627 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps 628 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf: 629 630 savecore_flags="" 631 63220121201: 633 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now 634 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 635 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 636 63720121117: 638 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now 639 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via 640 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope 641 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application. 642 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. 643 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025. 644 64520121105: 646 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default. 647 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang 648 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++, 649 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building 650 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions 651 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang 652 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable 653 branch point). 654 65520121102: 656 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its 657 functionality now turned on by default. 658 65920121023: 660 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and 661 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP. 662 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write 663 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes. 664 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current 665 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage. 666 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under 667 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal 668 of the two kernel options. 669 67020121023: 671 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte 672 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together 673 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4), 674 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4). 675 67620121022: 677 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The 678 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be 679 recompiled. 680 68120121018: 682 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from 683 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs, 684 portalfs, smbfs, xfs. 685 68620121016: 687 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following 688 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel: 689 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4), 690 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4), 691 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4). 692 69320121015: 694 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host 695 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver). 696 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you 697 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead. 698 69920121014: 700 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system. 701 70220121013: 703 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed 704 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious 705 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT 706 knob has also gone. 707 70820121006: 709 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet 710 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled 711 with new kernel. 712 71320121001: 714 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver 715 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be 716 recompiled to work with the new kernel. 717 71820120913: 719 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number 720 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally. 721 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if 722 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the 723 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel 724 configurations. 725 72620120908: 727 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and 728 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel. 729 73020120828: 731 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged 732 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be 733 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support 734 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5) 735 manual page. 736 73720120727: 738 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto- 739 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these 740 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 741 74220120712: 743 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring 744 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are 745 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. 746 74720120712: 748 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency 749 with other variables: 750 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered 751 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered 752 75320120628: 754 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort 755 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to 756 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be 757 installed as "bsdsort". 758 75920120611: 760 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD. 761 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning 762 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward 763 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS 764 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools 765 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information 766 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page. 767 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 768 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 769 77020120417: 771 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported 772 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to 773 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf, 774 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the 775 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details 776 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL 777 NAMESPACE section). 778 77920120328: 780 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb 781 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is 782 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party 783 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian 784 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine 785 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in 786 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine. 787 78820120306: 789 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported 790 platforms. 791 79220120229: 793 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously 794 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer, 795 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect 796 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect 797 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the 798 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to. 799 80020120211: 801 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored. 802 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to 803 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile 804 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already 805 comes from 20111215. 806 80720120114: 808 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All 809 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a 810 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either 811 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port. 812 813 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d: 814 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i 815 81620120109: 817 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts 818 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running. 819 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic 820 tunable/sysctl. 821 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic. 822 82320111215: 824 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration 825 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format 826 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages 827 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently 828 not supported anymore. 829 830 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User 831 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8), 832 need to be recompiled. 833 83420111122: 835 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to 836 /dev/wmistat0. 837 83820111108: 839 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to 840 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems. 841 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present 842 time. 843 84420111101: 845 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64, 846 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files. 847 84820110930: 849 sysinstall has been removed 850 85120110923: 852 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 853 RELENG_9 branch in CVS. 854 85520110913: 856 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash 857 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default. 858 The first time a system is booted after this change, the 859 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The 860 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles 861 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS. 862 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file 863 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots. 864 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf 865 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot. 866 86720110828: 868 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that 869 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared 870 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped. 871 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle. 872 87320110815: 874 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified. 875 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers -- 876 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver. 877 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041. 878 879 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the 880 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly. 881 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work. 882 88320110628: 884 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5. 885 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel. 886 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4) 887 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups. 888 88920110608: 890 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms: 891 machdep.hlt_cpus 892 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus 893 The following sysctl is retired: 894 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed 895 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and 896 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not 897 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler. 898 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore 899 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level. 900 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable, 901 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling 902 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and 903 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is 904 a default scheduler. 905 90620110607: 907 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe 908 a mask of CPUs. 909 91020110531: 911 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate 912 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to 913 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing 914 world. 915 91620110513: 917 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped 918 91920110503: 920 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer, 921 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4). 922 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet 923 drivers need to be recompiled. 924 925 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem 926 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs, 927 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific 928 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous 929 branches. 930 93120110430: 932 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci' 933 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'. 934 93520110427: 936 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs" 937 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs". 938 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland 939 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8) 940 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called 941 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the 942 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root 943 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use 944 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER. 945 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For 946 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like: 947 948 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:" 949 950 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make 951 a diskless root fs use the old client. 952 95320110424: 954 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 955 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 956 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 957 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 958 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 959 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 960 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 961 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 962 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 963 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 964 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 965 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 966 967 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 968 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 969 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 970 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 971 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 972 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices 973 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of 974 them are parts of the cam module. 975 976 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 977 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 978 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 979 980 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 981 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 982 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 983 options ATA_CAM 984 device ahci 985 device mvs 986 device siis 987 , and instead add back: 988 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 989 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 990 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 991 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 992 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 993 99420110423: 995 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 996 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 997 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 998 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 999 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 1000 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 1001 100220110418: 1003 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 1004 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 1005 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 1006 100720110331: 1008 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 1009 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 1010 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 1011 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 1012 in order to use ath on everything else. 1013 1014 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 1015 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 1016 101720110314: 1018 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 1019 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 1020 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 1021 102220110218: 1023 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 1024 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 1025 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 1026 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 1027 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 1028 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 1029 103020110218: 1031 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 1032 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 1033 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 1034 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 1035 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 1036 authentication). 1037 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 1038 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 1039 104020110207: 1041 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 1042 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 1043 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 1044 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 1045 The function remains undocumented. 1046 104720110112: 1048 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 1049 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 1050 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 1051 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 1052 systems where the define is not present can check against 1053 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 1054 1055 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 1056 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 1057 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 1058 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 1059 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 1060 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 1061 106220110103: 1063 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 1064 the following warning: 1065 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 1066 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 1067 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 1068 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 1069 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 1070 install it on your system. 1071 1072 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 1073 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 1074 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 1075 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 1076 107720101228: 1078 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 1079 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 1080 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 1081 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 1082 be recompiled. 1083 108420101114: 1085 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 1086 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 1087 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 1088 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 1089 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 1090 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 1091 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 1092 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 1093 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 1094 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 1095 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 1096 it, for example via: 1097 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 1098 1099 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 1100 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 1101 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 1102 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 1103 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 1104 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 1105 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 1106 1107 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 1108 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 1109 111020101111: 1111 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 1112 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 1113 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 1114 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 1115 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1116 111720101002: 1118 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 1119 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 1120 migrate local entries to the new format. 1121 112220100928: 1123 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 1124 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 1125 upstream sshd. 1126 112720100915: 1128 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 1129 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 1130 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 1131 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 1132 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 1133 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 1134 113520100913: 1136 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 1137 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 1138 1139 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 1140 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 1141 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 1142 default is "AUTO". 1143 1144 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 1145 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 1146 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 1147 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 1148 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 1149 1150 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 1151 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 1152 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 1153 115420100913: 1155 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 1156 now i386 and amd64 only. 1157 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 1158 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 1159 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 1160 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 1161 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 1162 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 1163 116420100725: 1165 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 1166 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 1167 116820100722: 1169 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 1170 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 1171 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 1172 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 1173 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 1174 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 1175 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 1176 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 1177 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 1178 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 1179 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 1180 118120100713: 1182 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 1183 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 1184 machine powerpc powerpc 1185 1186 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 1187 after this change. 1188 118920100713: 1190 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 1191 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 1192 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 1193 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 1194 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 1195 119620100429: 1197 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 1198 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 1199 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 1200 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 1201 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 1202 120320100402: 1204 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 1205 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 1206 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 1207 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 1208 WITH_CTF=yes"). 1209 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 1210 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 1211 to unwanted behavior. 1212 121320100311: 1214 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 1215 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 1216 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 1217 be modified accordingly. 1218 121920100113: 1220 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 1221 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 1222 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 1223 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 1224 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 1225 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 1226 1227 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 1228 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 1229 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 1230 use of utmpx. 1231 1232 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 1233 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 1234 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 1235 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 1236 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 1237 123820100108: 1239 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 1240 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 1241 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 1242 124320091202: 1244 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 1245 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 1246 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 1247 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 1248 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 1249 1250 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 1251 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 1252 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 1253 1254 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 1255 125620091125: 1257 8.0-RELEASE. 1258 125920091113: 1260 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 1261 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 1262 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 1263 operation of applications on the console. 1264 1265 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 1266 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 1267 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 1268 cons25. 1269 1270 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 1271 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 1272 performed by syscons(4). 1273 127420091109: 1275 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 1276 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 1277 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 1278 1279 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 1280 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 1281 new structure. 1282 128320091025: 1284 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 1285 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 1286 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 1287 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 1288 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 1289 iwn5150fw. 1290 129120090926: 1292 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 1293 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 1294 1295 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 1296 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 1297 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 1298 1299 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 1300 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 1301 1302 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 1303 they are obsolete. 1304 1305 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 1306 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 1307 1308 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 1309 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 1310 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 1311 1312 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 1313 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 1314 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 1315 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 1316 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 1317 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 1318 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 1319 using ifconfig(8) like: 1320 1321 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 1322 1323 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 1324 IPv6-preferred. 1325 1326 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 1327 1328 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 1329 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 1330 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 1331 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 1332 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 1333 133420090922: 1335 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 1336 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 1337 133820090912: 1339 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 1340 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 1341 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 1342 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 1343 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 1344 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 1345 134620090910: 1347 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 1348 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 1349 135020090825: 1351 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 1352 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 1353 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 1354 is 1000. 1355 135620090813: 1357 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 1358 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 1359 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 1360 136120090803: 1362 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 1363 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 1364 136520090719: 1366 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 1367 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 1368 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 1369 137020090714: 1371 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 1372 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 1373 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 1374 137520090713: 1376 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 1377 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 1378 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 1379 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 1380 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 1381 138220090712: 1383 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 1384 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 1385 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 1386 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 1387 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1388 138920090630: 1390 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 1391 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 1392 may need to be adjusted. 1393 139420090629: 1395 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 1396 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 1397 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 1398 with routing sockets. 1399 140020090628: 1401 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 1402 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 1403 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 1404 140520090624: 1406 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 1407 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 1408 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1409 800100. 1410 141120090622: 1412 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 1413 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 1414 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 1415 141620090619: 1417 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 1418 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 1419 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 1420 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 1421 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 1422 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 1423 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 1424 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 1425 1426 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 1427 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 1428 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 1429 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 1430 authentication method is used. 1431 143220090616: 1433 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 1434 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 1435 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 1436 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 1437 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 1438 143920090613: 1440 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 1441 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 1442 144320090611: 1444 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 1445 be rebuilt. 1446 144720090608: 1448 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 1449 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 1450 145120090602: 1452 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 1453 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 1454 145520090601: 1456 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 1457 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 1458 re-compiled. 1459 146020090601: 1461 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 1462 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 1463 rebuilt. 1464 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 1465 146620090530: 1467 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 1468 more valid. 1469 147020090530: 1471 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 1472 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 1473 147420090529: 1475 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 1476 rebuilt. 1477 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 1478 147920090528: 1480 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 1481 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 1482 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 1483 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 1484 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 1485 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 1486 148720090527: 1488 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 1489 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 1490 149120090523: 1492 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 1493 need to be rebuilt. 1494 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 1495 149620090523: 1497 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 1498 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 1499 150020090520: 1501 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 1502 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 1503 150420090520: 1505 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 1506 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 1507 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 1508 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 1509 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 1510 151120090430: 1512 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 1513 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 1514 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 1515 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 1516 correctly checking networking state from userland. 1517 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 1518 151920090429: 1520 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 1521 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 1522 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 1523 follows the IPv4 implementation. 1524 1525 For kernel developers: 1526 1527 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 1528 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 1529 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 1530 1531 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 1532 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 1533 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 1534 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 1535 1536 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 1537 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 1538 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 1539 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 1540 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 1541 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 1542 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 1543 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 1544 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 1545 multicast membership on-link. 1546 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 1547 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 1548 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 1549 1550 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 1551 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 1552 stack. 1553 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 1554 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 1555 semantics. 1556 1557 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 1558 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 1559 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 1560 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 1561 1562 For application developers: 1563 1564 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 1565 stack. 1566 1567 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 1568 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 1569 1570 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 1571 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 1572 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 1573 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 1574 1575 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 1576 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 1577 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 1578 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 1579 Multicast Source Filters'. 1580 1581 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 1582 1583 For systems administrators: 1584 1585 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 1586 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 1587 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 1588 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 1589 returned by getifaddrs(3). 1590 1591 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 1592 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 1593 1594 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 1595 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 1596 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 1597 recommended for optimal system performance. 1598 1599 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 1600 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 1601 back forwarded datagrams. 1602 1603 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 1604 160520090422: 1606 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 1607 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 1608 160920090419: 1610 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 1611 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 1612 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 1613 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 1614 161520090415: 1616 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 1617 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 1618 state will require a world rebuild. 1619 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 1620 162120090415: 1622 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 1623 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 1624 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 1625 162620090414: 1627 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 1628 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 1629 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 1630 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 1631 load balancing. 1632 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 1633 163420090408: 1635 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 1636 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 1637 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 1638 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 1639 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 1640 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 1641 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 1642 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 1643 164420090407: 1645 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 1646 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 1647 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 1648 164920090320: 1650 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 1651 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 1652 introduces some changes: 1653 1654 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 1655 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 1656 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 1657 1658 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 1659 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 1660 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 1661 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 1662 1663 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 1664 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 1665 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 1666 the "386BSD" type). 1667 1668 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 1669 167020090319: 1671 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 1672 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 1673 (supported by sane). 1674 167520090319: 1676 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 1677 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 1678 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 1679 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 1680 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 1681 168220090315: 1683 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 1684 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 1685 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 1686 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 1687 used. 1688 168920090313: 1690 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 1691 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 1692 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 1693 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 1694 169520090313: 1696 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 1697 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 1698 169920090309: 1700 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 1701 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 1702 1703 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 1704 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 1705 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 1706 1707 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 1708 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 1709 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 1710 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 1711 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 1712 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 1713 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 1714 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 1715 1716 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 1717 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 1718 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 1719 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 1720 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 1721 to preserve the existing behaviour. 1722 1723 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 1724 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 1725 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 1726 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 1727 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 1728 1729 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 1730 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 1731 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 1732 via IGMP. 1733 1734 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 1735 recompiled to reflect this. 1736 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 1737 173820090309: 1739 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 1740 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 1741 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 1742 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 1743 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 1744 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 1745 174620090302: 1747 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 1748 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 1749 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 1750 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 1751 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 1752 raised to allow such segments to be created. 1753 175420090301: 1755 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 1756 network device driver modules. 1757 175820090227: 1759 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 1760 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 1761 176220090223: 1763 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 1764 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 1765 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 1766 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 1767 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 1768 apply. 1769 177020090217: 1771 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 1772 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 1773 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 1774 use the new name. 1775 177620090216: 1777 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 1778 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 1779 add 1780 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 1781 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 1782 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 1783 178420090215: 1785 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 1786 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 1787 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 1788 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 1789 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 1790 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 1791 1792 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 1793 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 1794 be used for this: 1795 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 1796 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 1797 179820090209: 1799 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 1800 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 1801 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 1802 180320090203: 1804 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 1805 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 1806 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 1807 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 1808 same interface. 1809 181020090201: 1811 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 1812 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 1813 181420090119: 1815 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 1816 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 1817 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 1818 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 1819 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 1820 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 1821 182220090115: 1823 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 1824 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 1825 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 1826 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1827 182820081225: 1829 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 1830 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 1831 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 1832 in next mpd5.3 release. 1833 183420081219: 1835 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 1836 the base system (it was a port). 1837 183820081216: 1839 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 1840 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 1841 184220081214: 1843 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 1844 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 1845 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 1846 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 1847 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 1848 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 1849 none of the L2 information. 1850 185120081130: 1852 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 1853 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 1854 1855 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 1856 1857 to their kernel config files when specifying: 1858 1859 device ath_hal 1860 1861 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 1862 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 1863 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 1864 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 1865 186620081121: 1867 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 1868 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 1869 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 1870 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 1871 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 1872 packets. 1873 187420081117: 1875 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 1876 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 1877 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 1878 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 1879 188020081028: 1881 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 1882 188320081009: 1884 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 1885 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 1886 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 1887 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 1888 controller add the following to loader.conf: 1889 1890 uhci_load="YES" 1891 ehci_load="YES" 1892 189320081009: 1894 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 1895 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 1896 sync. 1897 189820081009: 1899 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 1900 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 1901 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 1902 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 1903 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 1904 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 1905 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 1906 190720080820: 1908 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 1909 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 1910 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 1911 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 1912 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 1913 1914 PCI/ISA: 1915 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 1916 1917 USB: 1918 ubser, ucycom 1919 1920 Line disciplines: 1921 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 1922 1923 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 1924 cause compilation to fail. 1925 192620080818: 1927 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 1928 192920080801: 1930 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1931 1932 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1933 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1934 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1935 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1936 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1937 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1938 accepting the RSA key. 1939 1940 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1941 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1942 command line. 1943 1944 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1945 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1946 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1947 behavior. 1948 194920080713: 1950 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1951 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1952 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1953 1954 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1955 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1956 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1957 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1958 use the new device names. 1959 1960 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1961 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1962 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1963 at the loader prompt: 1964 1965 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1966 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1967 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1968 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1969 boot -s 1970 197120080609: 1972 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1973 disks instead. 1974 197520080603: 1976 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1977 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1978 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1979 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1980 198120080525: 1982 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1983 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1984 198520080509: 1986 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1987 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1988 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1989 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1990 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1991 199220080420: 1993 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1994 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1995 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1996 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1997 For example, change: 1998 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1999 to 2000 wlans_ath0=wlan0 2001 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 2002 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 2003 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 2004 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 2005 2006 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 2007 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 2008 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 2009 201020080408: 2011 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 2012 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 2013 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 2014 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 2015 other operation levels. 2016 201720080312: 2018 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 2019 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 2020 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 2021 compatibility with any prior release: 2022 2023 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 2024 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 2025 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 2026 202720080301: 2028 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 2029 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 2030 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 2031 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 2032 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 2033 nonetheless. 2034 203520080229: 2036 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 2037 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 2038 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 2039 with older hardware easier to do. 2040 204120080220: 2042 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 2043 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 2044 204520080211: 2046 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 2047 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 2048 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 2049 firewall rules. 2050 205120080208: 2052 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 2053 mbuf chains. 2054 205520080126: 2056 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 2057 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 2058 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 2059 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 2060 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 2061 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 2062 third-party software might fail to build after this change 2063 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 2064 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 2065 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 2066 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 2067 case that a portable fix is impossible. 2068 206920080123: 2070 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 2071 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 2072 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 2073 207420071128: 2075 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 2076 functionality is the default now. 2077 207820071118: 2079 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 2080 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 2081 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 2082 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 2083 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 2084 2085 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 2086 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 2087 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 2088 208920071024: 2090 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 2091 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 2092 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 2093 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 2094 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 2095 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 2096 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 2097 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 2098 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 2099 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 2100 however. 2101 210220071020: 2103 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 2104 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 2105 used kproc_start().. 2106 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 2107 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 2108 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 2109 211020071010: 2111 RELENG_7 branched. 2112 2113COMMON ITEMS: 2114 2115 General Notes 2116 ------------- 2117 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 2118 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 2119 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 2120 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 2121 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 2122 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 2123 several months have passed on the -current branch). 2124 2125 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 2126 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 2127 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 2128 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 2129 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 2130 2131 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 2132 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 2133 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 2134 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 2135 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 2136 2137 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 2138 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 2139 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 2140 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 2141 2142 ZFS notes 2143 --------- 2144 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 2145 these two steps: 2146 2147 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 2148 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 2149 2150 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 2151 2152 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 2153 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 2154 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 2155 2156 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 2157 2158 To build a kernel 2159 ----------------- 2160 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 2161 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 2162 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 2163 2164 make kernel-toolchain 2165 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2166 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2167 2168 To test a kernel once 2169 --------------------- 2170 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 2171 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 2172 debugging information) run 2173 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 2174 nextboot -k testkernel 2175 2176 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 2177 -------------------------------------------------------------- 2178 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 2179 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 2180 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 2181 2182 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 2183 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 2184 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 2185 make depend 2186 make 2187 make install 2188 2189 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 2190 2191 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 2192 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2193 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 2194 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 2195 2196 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2197 make buildworld 2198 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2199 [1] 2200 <reboot in single user> [3] 2201 mergemaster -p [5] 2202 make installworld 2203 mergemaster -i [4] 2204 make delete-old [6] 2205 <reboot> 2206 2207 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 2208 -------------------------------------------------- 2209 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 2210 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 2211 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 2212 # size. 2213 2214 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2215 <boot into -stable> 2216 make buildworld 2217 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2218 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 2219 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 2220 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 2221 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 2222 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 2223 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 2224 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 2225 <reboot into current> 2226 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 2227 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 2228 <reboot> 2229 2230 2231 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 2232 ---------------------------------------------- 2233 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2234 make buildworld [9] 2235 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 2236 [1] 2237 <reboot in single user> [3] 2238 mergemaster -p [5] 2239 make installworld 2240 mergemaster -i [4] 2241 make delete-old [6] 2242 <reboot> 2243 2244 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 2245 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 2246 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 2247 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 2248 the UPDATING entries. 2249 2250 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 2251 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 2252 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 2253 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 2254 much fewer pitfalls. 2255 2256 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 2257 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 2258 system on reboot. 2259 2260 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 2261 fsck -p 2262 mount -u / 2263 mount -a 2264 cd src 2265 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 2266 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 2267 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 2268 2269 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 2270 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 2271 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 2272 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 2273 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 2274 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 2275 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 2276 2277 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 2278 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 2279 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 2280 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 2281 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 2282 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430. 2283 2284 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 2285 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 2286 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 2287 2288 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 2289 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 2290 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 2291 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 2292 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 2293 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 2294 2295 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 2296 last time you updated your kernel config file. 2297 2298 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 2299 cvs prune empty directories. 2300 2301 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 2302 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 2303 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 2304 2305 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 2306 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 2307 warn if it is improperly defined. 2308FORMAT: 2309 2310This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 2311breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 2312list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007. 2313If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 2314to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 2315 2316Copyright information: 2317 2318Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 2319 2320Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 2321modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 2322document are permitted without further permission from the author. 2323 2324THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 2325IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 2326WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 2327DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 2328INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 2329(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 2330SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 2331HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 2332STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 2333IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 2334POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 2335 2336Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 2337this document. 2338 2339$FreeBSD: stable/10/UPDATING 354393 2019-11-06 14:34:14Z imp $ 2340