This is the release version of Samba, the free SMB and CIFS client and
server for UNIX and other operating systems. Samba is maintained by
the Samba Team, who support the original author, Andrew Tridgell.

>>>> Please read THE WHOLE of this file as it gives important information
>>>> about the configuration and use of Samba.

NOTE: Installation instructions may be found in 
      docs/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/install.html

This software is freely distributable under the GNU public license, a
copy of which you should have received with this software (in a file
called COPYING). 


WHAT IS SMB/CIFS?
=================

This is a big question. 

The very short answer is that it is the protocol by which a lot of
PC-related machines share files and printers and other information
such as lists of available files and printers. Operating systems that
support this natively include Windows 9x, Windows NT (and derivatives), 
OS/2, Mac OS X and Linux.  Add on packages that achieve the same 
thing are available for DOS, Windows 3.1, VMS, Unix of all kinds, 
MVS, and more.  Some Web Browsers can speak this protocol as well 
(smb://).  Alternatives to SMB include Netware, NFS, Appletalk, 
Banyan Vines, Decnet etc; many of these have advantages but none are 
both public specifications and widely implemented in desktop machines 
by default.

The Common Internet File system (CIFS) is what the new SMB initiative
is called. For details watch http://samba.org/cifs.


WHY DO PEOPLE WANT TO USE SMB?
==============================

1. Many people want to integrate their Microsoft desktop clients
   with their Unix servers.

2. Others want to integrate their Microsoft (etc) servers with Unix
   servers. This is a different problem to integrating desktop 
   clients.

3. Others want to replace protocols like NFS, DecNet and Novell NCP,
   especially when used with PCs.


WHAT CAN SAMBA DO?
==================

Please refer to the WHATSNEW.txt included with this README for
a list of features in the latest Samba release.

Here is a very short list of what samba includes, and what it does. 
For many networks this can be simply summarized by "Samba provides 
a complete replacement for Windows NT, Warp, NFS or Netware servers."

- a SMB server, to provide Windows NT and LAN Manager-style file and print 
  services to SMB clients such as Windows 95, Warp Server, smbfs and others.

- a Windows NT 4.0 Domain Controller replacement.

- a file/print server that can act as a member of a Windows NT 4.0
  or Active Directory domain.

- a NetBIOS (rfc1001/1002) nameserver, which amongst other things gives 
  browsing support. Samba can be the master browser on your LAN if you wish.

- a ftp-like SMB client so you can access PC resources (disks and
  printers) from UNIX, Netware, and other operating systems

- a tar extension to the client for backing up PCs

- limited command-line tool that supports some of the NT administrative
  functionality, which can be used on Samba, NT workstation and NT server.

For a much better overview have a look at the web site at
http://samba.org/samba, and browse the user survey.

Related packages include:

- smbfs, a Linux-only filesystem allowing you to mount remote SMB
  filesystems from PCs on your Linux box. This is included as standard with
  Linux 2.0 and later.

- cifsvfs, a more advanced Linux-only filesystem allowing you to mount 
  remote SMB filesystems from PCs on your Linux box. This is included 
  as standard with Linux 2.5 and later.



CONTRIBUTIONS
=============

If you want to contribute to the development of the software then
please join the mailing list. The Samba team accepts patches
(preferably in "diff -u" format, see http://samba.org/samba/devel/ 
for more details) and are always glad to receive feedback or 
suggestions to the address samba@lists.samba.org.  More information
on the various Samba mailing lists can be found at http://lists.samba.org/.

You can also get the Samba sourcecode straight from the git repository - see
http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Using_Git_for_Samba_Development.

You could also send hardware/software/money/jewelry or pre-paid pizza
vouchers directly to Andrew. The pizza vouchers would be especially
welcome, in fact there is a special field in the survey for people who
have paid up their pizza :-)

If you like a particular feature then look through the git change-log
(on the web at http://gitweb.samba.org/?p=samba.git;a=summary) and see
who added it, then send them an email.

Remember that free software of this kind lives or dies by the response
we get. If no one tells us they like it then we'll probably move onto
something else. However, as you can see from the user survey quite a lot of 
people do seem to like it at the moment :-)


MORE INFO
=========

DOCUMENTATION
-------------

There is quite a bit of documentation included with the package,
including man pages, and lots of .html files with hints and useful
info. This is also available from the web page. There is a growing
collection of information under docs/.

A list of Samba documentation in languages other than English is
available on the web page.

If you would like to help with the documentation, please coodinate 
on the samba@samba.org mailing list.  See the next section for details 
on subscribing to samba mailing lists.


MAILING LIST
------------

Please do NOT send subscription/unsubscription requests to the lists!

There is a mailing list for discussion of Samba.  For details go to
<http://lists.samba.org/> or send mail to <samba-subscribe@lists.samba.org>

There is also an announcement mailing list where new versions are
announced.  To subscribe go to <http://lists.samba.org/> or send mail
to <samba-announce-subscribe@lists.samba.org>.  All announcements also
go to the samba list, so you only need to be on one.

For details of other Samba mailing lists and for access to archives, see
<http://lists.samba.org/>


MAILING LIST ETIQUETTE
----------------------

A few tips when submitting to this or any mailing list.

1. Make your subject short and descriptive. Avoid the words "help" or
   "Samba" in the subject. The readers of this list already know that
   a) you need help, and b) you are writing about samba (of course,
   you may need to distinguish between Samba PDC and other file
   sharing software). Avoid phrases such as "what is" and "how do
   i". Some good subject lines might look like "Slow response with
   Excel files" or "Migrating from Samba PDC to NT PDC".

2. If you include the original message in your reply, trim it so that
   only the relevant lines, enough to establish context, are
   included. Chances are (since this is a mailing list) we've already
   read the original message.

3. Trim irrelevant headers from the original message in your
   reply. All we need to see is a) From, b) Date, and c) Subject. We
   don't even really need the Subject, if you haven't changed
   it. Better yet is to just preface the original message with "On
   [date] [someone] wrote:".

4. Please don't reply to or argue about spam, spam filters or viruses
   on any Samba lists. We do have a spam filtering system that is
   working quite well thank you very much but occasionally unwanted
   messages slip through. Deal with it.

5. Never say "Me too." It doesn't help anyone solve the
   problem. Instead, if you ARE having the same problem, give more
   information. Have you seen something that the other writer hasn't
   mentioned, which may be helpful?

6. If you ask about a problem, then come up with the solution on your
   own or through another source, by all means post it. Someone else
   may have the same problem and is waiting for an answer, but never
   hears of it.

7. Give as much *relevant* information as possible such as Samba
   release number, OS, kernel version, etc...

8. RTFM. Google. groups.google.com.


NEWS GROUP
----------

You might also like to look at the usenet news group comp.protocols.smb 
as it often contains lots of useful info and is frequented by lots of 
Samba users. The newsgroup was initially setup by people on the Samba 
mailing list. It is not, however, exclusive to Samba, it is a forum for 
discussing the SMB protocol (which Samba implements). The samba list 
is gatewayed to this newsgroup.


WEB SITE
--------

A Samba WWW site has been setup with lots of useful info. Connect to:

http://samba.org/samba/

As well as general information and documentation, this also has searchable 
archives of the mailing list and a user survey that shows who else is using
this package. Have you registered with the survey yet? :-)

Coding conventions in the Samba tree
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. contents::

===========
Quick Start
===========

Coding style guidelines are about reducing the number of unnecessary
reformatting patches and making things easier for developers to work together.
You don't have to like them or even agree with them, but once put in place
we all have to abide by them (or vote to change them).  However, coding
style should never outweigh coding itself and so the guidelines
described here are hopefully easy enough to follow as they are very
common and supported by tools and editors.

The basic style, also mentioned in prog_guide4.txt, is the Linux kernel coding 
style (See Documentation/CodingStyle in the kernel source tree). This closely 
matches what most Samba developers use already anyways.

But to save you the trouble of reading the Linux kernel style guide, here
are the highlights.

* Maximum Line Width is 80 Characters
  The reason is not for people with low-res screens but rather sticking
  to 80 columns prevents you from easily nesting more than one level of
  if statements or other code blocks.  Use source3/script/count_80_col.pl
  to check your changes.

* Use 8 Space Tabs to Indent
  No whitespace filler.

* No Trailing Whitespace
  Use source3/script/strip_trail_ws.pl to clean you files before committing.

* Follow the K&R guidelines.  We won't go throw them all here.  You have
  a copy of "The C Programming Language" anyways right?  You can also use
  the format_indent.sh script found in source3/script/ if all else fails.



============
Editor Hints
============

Emacs
-----
Add the follow to your $HOME/.emacs file:

  (add-hook 'c-mode-hook
	(lambda ()
		(c-set-style "linux")
		(c-toggle-auto-state)))


Vi
--
(Thanks to SATOH Fumiyasu <fumiyas@osstech.jp> for these hints):

For the basic vi editor included with all variants of \*nix, add the
following to $HOME/.exrc:

  set tabstop=8
  set shiftwidth=8

For Vim, the following settings in $HOME/.vimrc will also deal with 
displaying trailing whitespace::

  if has("syntax") && (&t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running"))
	syntax on
	function! ActivateInvisibleCharIndicator()
		syntax match TrailingSpace "[ \t]\+$" display containedin=ALL
		highlight TrailingSpace ctermbg=Red
	endf
	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead * call ActivateInvisibleCharIndicator()
  endif
  " Show tabs, trailing whitespace, and continued lines visually
  set list listchars=tab:����,trail:��,extends:���

  " highlight overly long lines same as TODOs.
  set textwidth=80
  autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.c,*.h exec 'match Todo /\%>' . &textwidth . 'v.\+/'


=========================
FAQ & Statement Reference
=========================

Comments
--------

Comments should always use the standard C syntax.  C++ 
style comments are not currently allowed.


Indention & Whitespace & 80 columns
-----------------------------------

To avoid confusion, indentations are to be 8 character with tab (not 
8 ' ' characters.  When wrapping parameters for function calls, 
align the parameter list with the first parameter on the previous line.
Use tabs to get as close as possible and then fill in the final 7 
characters or less with whitespace.  For example,

	var1 = foo(arg1, arg2,
		   arg3);

The previous example is intended to illustrate alignment of function 
parameters across lines and not as encourage for gratuitous line 
splitting.  Never split a line before columns 70 - 79 unless you
have a really good reason.  Be smart about formatting.


If, switch, & Code blocks
-------------------------

Always follow an 'if' keyword with a space but don't include additional
spaces following or preceding the parentheses in the conditional.
This is good:

	if (x == 1)

This is bad:

	if ( x == 1 )

Yes we have a lot of code that uses the second form and we are trying 
to clean it up without being overly intrusive.

Note that this is a rule about parentheses following keywords and not
functions.  Don't insert a space between the name and left parentheses when 
invoking functions.

Braces for code blocks used by for, if, switch, while, do..while, etc.
should begin on the same line as the statement keyword and end on a line 
of their own.  NOTE: Functions are different and the beginning left brace
should begin on a line of its own.

If the beginning statement has to be broken across lines due to length,
the beginning brace should be on a line of its own.

The exception to the ending rule is when the closing brace is followed by 
another language keyword such as else or the closing while in a do..while 
loop.

Good examples::

	if (x == 1) {
		printf("good\n");
	}

	for (x=1;
	     x<10;
	     x++)
	{
		print("%d\n", x);
	}

	do {
		printf("also good\n");
	} while (1);

Bad examples::

	while (1)
	{
		print("I'm in a loop!\n"); }
	

Goto
----

While many people have been academically taught that goto's are fundamentally
evil, they can greatly enhance readability and reduce memory leaks when used
as the single exit point from a function.  But in no Samba world what so ever 
is a goto outside of a function or block of code a good idea.

Good Examples::

	int function foo(int y)
	{
		int *z = NULL;
		int ret = 0;

		if ( y < 10 ) {
			z = malloc(sizeof(int)*y);
			if (!z) {
				ret = 1;
				goto done;
			}
		}

		print("Allocated %d elements.\n", y);

	 done: 
		if (z)
			free(z);

		return ret;
	}


Checking Pointer Values
-----------------------

When invoking functions that return pointer values, either of the following 
are acceptable.  Use you best judgement and choose the more readable option.
Remember that many other people will review it.::

	if ((x = malloc(sizeof(short)*10)) == NULL ) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to alloc memory!\n");
	}

or::

	x = malloc(sizeof(short)*10);
	if (!x) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to alloc memory!\n");
	}


Primitive Data Types
--------------------

Samba has large amounts of historical code which makes use of data types 
commonly supported by the C99 standard. However, at the time such types 
as boolean and exact width integers did not exist and Samba developers 
were forced to provide their own.  Now that these types are guaranteed to 
be available either as part of the compiler C99 support or from lib/replace/, 
new code should adhere to the following conventions:

  * Booleans are of type "bool" (not BOOL)
  * Boolean values are "true" and "false" (not True or False)
  * Exact width integers are of type [u]int[8|16|32|64]_t

Indexes created Sat May 18 11:27:04 MDT 2024