1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 3%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger. 4%Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007 5%Free Software Foundation, Inc. 6%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 7%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices 8%are preserved on all copies. 9% 10%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source 11%for a program to generate a reference. 12% 13%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 14%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 15%the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) 16%any later version. 17% 18%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 19%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 20%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 21%General Public License for more details. 22% 23%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License at the URL 24%http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html; or write to the Free Software 25%Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, 26%Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. 27%You can contact the maintainer at: doc@cygnus.com 28% 29% Documentation Department 30% Cygnus Solutions 31% 1325 Chesapeake Terrace 32% Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 33% 34% +1 800 CYGNUS-1 35% 36% 37% 38% 22-AUG-1993 Andreas Vogel 39% 40% Modifications made in order to handle different papersizes correctly. 41% You only have to set the total width and height of the paper, the 42% horizontal and vertical margin space measured from *paper edge* 43% and the interline and interspec spacing. 44% In order to support a new papersize, you have to fiddle with the 45% latter four dimensions. Just try out a few values. 46% All other values will be computed at process time so it should be 47% quite easy to support different paper sizes - only four values to 48% guess :-) 49% 50% To find the configuration places, just search for the string 51% "CONFIGURATION". 52% 53% Andreas Vogel (av@ssw.de) 54% 55% 56% 57% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print 58% out in a larger font. Caution! You may need larger paper. You had 59% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this. See the ``Three 60% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column 61% format. 62% 63%\magnification=\magstep 1 64% 65% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB 66% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose 67% to omit. In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor 68% all variations of a command. 69% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default 70% keybindings. GDB startup options are not described. 71% set print sevenbit-strings, set symbol-reloading omitted. 72% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily 73% share omitted due to obsolescence 74% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB. 75% 76%-------------------- Three column format ----------------------- 77 78%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section 79 80% Three-column format for landscape printing 81 82%-------- Papersize defs: 83 84\newdimen\totalwidth \newdimen\totalheight 85\newdimen\hmargin \newdimen\vmargin 86\newdimen\secskip \newdimen\lskip 87\newdimen\barwidth \newdimen\barheight 88\newdimen\intersecwidth 89 90%% 91%% START CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS 92%------- Papersize params: 93%% US letter paper (8.5x11in) 94%% 95\totalwidth=11in % total width of paper 96\totalheight=8.5in % total height of paper 97\hmargin=.25in % horizontal margin width 98\vmargin=.25in % vertical margin width 99\secskip=1pc % space between refcard secs 100\lskip=2pt % extra skip between \sec entries 101\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else % check if we are using pdfTeX 102 \pdfpagewidth=\totalwidth % width of paper in pdf output 103 \pdfpageheight=\totalheight % height of paper in pdf output 104\fi 105%------- end papersize params 106%% 107%% change according to personal taste, not papersize dependent 108%% 109\barwidth=.1pt % width of the cropmark bar 110\barheight=2pt % height of the cropmark bar 111\intersecwidth=0.5em % width between \itmwid and \dfnwid 112%% 113%% END CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS 114%% 115 116%% 117%% values to be computed - nothing to configure 118%% 119\newdimen\fullhsize % width of area without margins 120\newdimen\itmwid % width of item column 121\newdimen\dfnwid % width of definition column 122\newdimen\temp % only for temporary use 123 124%% 125%% adjust the offsets so the margins are measured *from paper edge* 126%% 127\hoffset=-1in \advance \hoffset by \hmargin 128\voffset=-1in \advance \voffset by \vmargin 129 130%% 131%% fullhsize = totalwidth - (2 * hmargin) 132%% 133\fullhsize=\totalwidth 134\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \fullhsize by -\temp 135 136%% 137%% hsize = (fullhsize - (4 * hmargin) - (2 * barwidth)) / 3 138%% 139\hsize=\fullhsize 140\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 4 \advance \hsize by -\temp 141\temp=\barwidth \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \hsize by -\temp 142\divide \hsize by 3 143 144%% 145%% vsize = totalheight - (2 * vmargin) 146%% 147\vsize=\totalheight 148\temp=\vmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \vsize by -\temp 149 150%% 151%% itmwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 1/3 152%% dfnwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 2/3 153%% 154\temp=\hsize \advance \temp by -\intersecwidth \divide \temp by 3 155\itmwid=\temp 156\dfnwid=\hsize \advance \dfnwid by -\itmwid 157 158%-------- end papersize defs 159 160 161\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize} 162\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn 163\output={\if L\lcr 164 \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C 165 \else 166 \if C\lcr 167 \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R 168 \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L 169 \fi 170 \fi 171% \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi 172 } 173 174%% 175%% START CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES 176%% 177%% For NO printed folding guide, 178%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 179 180%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil\hskip\barwidth plus1fil\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 181 182%% For SOLID LINE folding guide, 183%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 184 185%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil \vrule width \barwidth \hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 186 187%% For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide, 188%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 189 190\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil 191\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}\vfill 192\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}}%THIS PERCENT SIGN IS ESSENTIAL 193\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 194 195%% 196%% END CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES 197%% 198 199\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor 200 \box\centercolumn\vdecor 201 \columnbox} 202 } 203 \advancepageno} 204\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} 205\def\bye{\par\vfill 206 \supereject 207 \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi 208 \end} 209 210%-------------------- end three column format ----------------------- 211 212%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: -------------------- 213\font\bbf=cmbx10 214\font\vbbf=cmbx12 215\font\smrm=cmr6 216\font\brm=cmr10 217\font\rm=cmr7 218\font\it=cmti7 219\font\tt=cmtt8 220%-------------------- end font defs --------------------------------- 221 222% 223\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom 224\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt 225% 226\parindent=0pt 227\parskip=0pt 228\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}} 229% 230\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}} 231\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}} 232\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}} 233% 234\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip \secskip 235\halign{% 236%COL 1 (of halign): 237\vtop{\hsize=\itmwid\tt 238##\par\vskip \lskip }\hfil 239%COL 2 (of halign): 240&\vtop{\hsize=\dfnwid\hangafter=1\hangindent=\intersecwidth 241\rm ##\par\vskip \lskip}\cr 242%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args: 243\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip \lskip} 244#2 245} 246} 247 248{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 5}\qquad 249 250\sec Essential Commands; 251gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using 252coredump {\it core}}\cr 253b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr 254run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr 255bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr 256p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr 257c &continue running your program\cr 258n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr 259s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr 260\endsec 261 262\sec Starting GDB; 263gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr 264gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr 265gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it 266program}\cr 267gdb --help&describe command line options\cr 268\endsec 269 270\sec Stopping GDB; 271quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr 272INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr 273\endsec 274 275\sec Getting Help; 276help&list classes of commands\cr 277help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr 278help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr 279\endsec 280 281\sec Executing your Program; 282run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr 283run&start your program with current argument list\cr 284run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output 285redirected\cr 286\cr 287kill&kill running program\cr 288\cr 289tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr 290set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next 291{\tt run}\cr 292set args&specify empty argument list\cr 293show args&display argument list\cr 294\cr 295show env&show all environment variables\cr 296show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr 297set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr 298unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr 299\endsec 300 301\sec Shell Commands; 302cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr 303pwd&Print working directory\cr 304make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr 305shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr 306\endsec 307 308\vfill 309\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show 310one or more arguments} 311\vskip\baselineskip 312\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1998,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back} 313\eject 314\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints; 315break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par 316b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par 317eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr 318break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it func}&set breakpoint at {\it 319func} \opt{in \it file}\cr 320break +{\it offset}\par 321break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr 322break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr 323break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr 324break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr 325cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint 326{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr 327tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr 328rbreak {\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr 329watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr 330catch {\it event}&break at {\it event}, which may be {\tt catch}, {\tt throw}, 331{\tt exec}, {\tt fork}, {\tt vfork}, {\tt load}, or {\tt unload}.\cr 332\cr 333info break&show defined breakpoints\cr 334info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr 335\cr 336clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr 337clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr 338clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr 339delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints 340\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr 341\cr 342disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints 343\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} 344\cr 345enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints 346\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} 347\cr 348enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 349disable again when reached 350\cr 351enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 352delete when reached 353\cr 354\cr 355ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count} 356times\cr 357\cr 358commands {\it n}\par 359\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par 360\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default 361display}\cr 362end&end of {\it command-list}\cr 363\endsec 364 365\sec Program Stack; 366backtrace \opt{\it n}\par 367bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n} 368frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr 369frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it 370n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr 371up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr 372down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr 373info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at 374{\it addr}\cr 375info args&arguments of selected frame\cr 376info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr 377info reg \opt{\it rn}$\ldots$\par 378info all-reg \opt{\it rn}®ister values \opt{for regs {\it rn\/}} in 379selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr 380\endsec 381 382\vfill\eject 383\sec Execution Control; 384continue \opt{\it count}\par 385c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore 386this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr 387\cr 388step \opt{\it count}\par 389s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if 390specified\cr 391stepi \opt{\it count}\par 392si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source 393lines\cr 394\cr 395next \opt{\it count}\par 396n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr 397nexti \opt{\it count}\par 398ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source 399line\cr 400\cr 401until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it 402location})\cr 403finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr 404return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing 405\opt{setting return value}\cr 406signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr 407jump {\it line}\par 408jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or 409{\it address}\cr 410set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for 411altering program variables\cr 412\endsec 413 414\sec Display; 415print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par 416p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or 417last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr 418\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr 419\qquad d&signed decimal\cr 420\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr 421\qquad o&octal\cr 422\qquad t&binary\cr 423\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr 424\qquad c&character\cr 425\qquad f&floating point\cr 426call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display 427{\tt void}\cr 428x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr}; 429optional format spec follows slash\cr 430\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr 431\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr 432&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr 433&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr 434&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr 435&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr 436\quad {\it f}&printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr 437&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr 438&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr 439disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr 440\endsec 441 442\sec Automatic Display; 443display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time 444program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr 445display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr 446undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of 447automatically displayed expressions\cr 448disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it 449n}\cr 450enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it 451n}\cr 452info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr 453\endsec 454 455\vfill\eject 456 457\sec Expressions; 458{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr 459{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it 460addr}\cr 461{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it 462file}\cr 463$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified 464{\it type}\cr 465\$&most recent displayed value\cr 466\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr 467\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr 468\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr 469\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr 470\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr 471\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr 472\cr 473show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding 474\${\it n}}\cr 475show conv&display all convenience variables\cr 476\endsec 477 478\sec Symbol Table; 479info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr 480info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions 481(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr 482info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all, 483or matching {\it regex})\cr 484whatis \opt{\it expr}\par 485ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$} 486without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr 487ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr 488\endsec 489 490\sec GDB Scripts; 491source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it 492script}\cr 493\cr 494define {\it cmd}\par 495\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd}; 496execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr 497end&end of {\it command-list}\cr 498document {\it cmd}\par 499\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation 500for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr 501end&end of {\it help-text}\cr 502\endsec 503 504\sec Signals; 505handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr 506\quad print&announce signal\cr 507\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr 508\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr 509\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr 510\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr 511\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr 512info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr 513\endsec 514 515\sec Debugging Targets; 516target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr 517help target&display available targets\cr 518attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr 519detach&release target from GDB control\cr 520\endsec 521 522\vfill\eject 523\sec Controlling GDB; 524set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr 525show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr 526\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:} 527\quad complaint {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr 528\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr 529\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr 530\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr 531\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or 532{\tt modula-2})\cr 533\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr 534\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr 535\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr 536\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading 537symbols\cr 538\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr 539\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files 540(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core}) 541\cr 542\quad history $\ldots$\par 543\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr 544\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr 545\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr 546\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr 547\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for 548command history\cr 549\cr 550\quad print $\ldots$\par 551\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr 552\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks, 553values\cr 554\quad p array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for 555arrays\cr 556\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++ 557symbols\cr 558\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in 559machine-instruction output\cr 560\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr 561\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr 562\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr 563\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr 564\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function 565tables\cr 566\cr 567show commands&show last 10 commands\cr 568show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr 569show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr 570\endsec 571 572\sec Working Files; 573file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable; 574with no arg, discard both\cr 575core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr 576exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr 577symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr 578load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr 579add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file}, 580dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr 581info files&display working files and targets in use\cr 582path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for 583executable and symbol files\cr 584show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr 585info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr 586\endsec 587 588\vfill\eject 589\sec Source Files; 590dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr 591dir&clear source path\cr 592show dir&show current source path\cr 593\cr 594list&show next ten lines of source\cr 595list -&show previous ten lines\cr 596list {\it lines}&display source surrounding {\it lines}, 597specified as:\cr 598\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr 599\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in 600named file}\cr 601\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr 602\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr 603\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr 604list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr 605info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for 606source line {\it num}\cr 607info source&show name of current source file\cr 608info sources&list all source files in use\cr 609forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr 610rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr 611\endsec 612 613\sec GDB under GNU Emacs; 614M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr 615\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr 616M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr 617M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr 618M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr 619\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr 620M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr 621M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr 622M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr 623\ctl{x} \&© number from point, insert at end\cr 624\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr 625\endsec 626 627\sec GDB License; 628show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr 629show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB. Display full no-warranty 630statement.\cr 631\endsec 632 633 634\vfill 635{\smrm\parskip=6pt 636Copyright \copyright 1991,'92,'93,'98,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 637Author: Roland H. Pesch 638 639The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card. 640 641This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU 642General Public License. 643 644Please contribute to development of this card by 645annotating it. Improvements can be sent to bug-gdb@gnu.org. 646 647GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of 648it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. There is 649absolutely no warranty for GDB. 650} 651\end 652