1<html lang="en"> 2<head> 3<title>Debugging with GDB</title> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> 5<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB"> 6<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> 7<link title="Top" rel="start" href="#Top"> 8<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> 9<!-- 10Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 111998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 12Free Software Foundation, Inc. 13 14Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 15under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or 16any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the 17Invariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs 18Free Documentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," 19and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. 20 21(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify 22this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in 23developing GNU and promoting software freedom."--> 24<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> 25<style type="text/css"><!-- 26 pre.display { font-family:inherit } 27 pre.format { font-family:inherit } 28 pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 29 pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 30 pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } 31 pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } 32 span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } 33 span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 34 span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 35--></style> 36<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../cs.css"> 37</head> 38<body> 39This file documents the <span class="sc">gnu</span> debugger <span class="sc">gdb</span>. 40 41 <p>This is the Ninth Edition, of <cite>Debugging with 42</cite><span class="sc">gdb</span><cite>: the </cite><span class="sc">gnu</span><cite> Source-Level Debugger</cite> for <span class="sc">gdb</span> 43(Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2011.09-69) 44Version 7.2.50.20100908-cvs. 45 46 <p>Copyright © 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 471998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 48Free Software Foundation, Inc. 49 50 <p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 51under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or 52any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the 53Invariant Sections being “Free Software” and “Free Software Needs 54Free Documentation”, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” 55and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. 56 57 <p>(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You are free to copy and modify 58this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in 59developing GNU and promoting software freedom.” 60 61<div class="node"> 62<a name="Top"></a> 63<p> 64Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary</a>, 65Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="../index.html#dir">(dir)</a>, 66Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="../index.html#dir">(dir)</a> 67<hr> 68</div> 69 70<h2 class="unnumbered">Debugging with <span class="sc">gdb</span></h2> 71 72<p>This file describes <span class="sc">gdb</span>, the <span class="sc">gnu</span> symbolic debugger. 73 74 <p>This is the Ninth Edition, for <span class="sc">gdb</span> 75(Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2011.09-69) 76Version 7.2.50.20100908-cvs. 77 78 <p>Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 79 80 <p>This edition of the GDB manual is dedicated to the memory of Fred 81Fish. Fred was a long-standing contributor to GDB and to Free 82software in general. We will miss him. 83 84<ul class="menu"> 85<li><a accesskey="1" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary</a>: Summary of <span class="sc">gdb</span> 86<li><a accesskey="2" href="Sample-Session.html#Sample-Session">Sample Session</a>: A sample <span class="sc">gdb</span> session 87 88<li><a accesskey="3" href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a>: Getting in and out of <span class="sc">gdb</span> 89<li><a accesskey="4" href="Commands.html#Commands">Commands</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> commands 90<li><a accesskey="5" href="Running.html#Running">Running</a>: Running programs under <span class="sc">gdb</span> 91<li><a accesskey="6" href="Stopping.html#Stopping">Stopping</a>: Stopping and continuing 92<li><a accesskey="7" href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>: Running programs backward 93<li><a accesskey="8" href="Process-Record-and-Replay.html#Process-Record-and-Replay">Process Record and Replay</a>: Recording inferior's execution and replaying it 94<li><a accesskey="9" href="Stack.html#Stack">Stack</a>: Examining the stack 95<li><a href="Source.html#Source">Source</a>: Examining source files 96<li><a href="Data.html#Data">Data</a>: Examining data 97<li><a href="Optimized-Code.html#Optimized-Code">Optimized Code</a>: Debugging optimized code 98<li><a href="Macros.html#Macros">Macros</a>: Preprocessor Macros 99<li><a href="Tracepoints.html#Tracepoints">Tracepoints</a>: Debugging remote targets non-intrusively 100<li><a href="Overlays.html#Overlays">Overlays</a>: Debugging programs that use overlays 101 102<li><a href="Languages.html#Languages">Languages</a>: Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with different languages 103 104<li><a href="Symbols.html#Symbols">Symbols</a>: Examining the symbol table 105<li><a href="Altering.html#Altering">Altering</a>: Altering execution 106<li><a href="GDB-Files.html#GDB-Files">GDB Files</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> files 107<li><a href="Targets.html#Targets">Targets</a>: Specifying a debugging target 108<li><a href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">Remote Debugging</a>: Debugging remote programs 109<li><a href="Configurations.html#Configurations">Configurations</a>: Configuration-specific information 110<li><a href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB">Controlling GDB</a>: Controlling <span class="sc">gdb</span> 111<li><a href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB">Extending GDB</a>: Extending <span class="sc">gdb</span> 112<li><a href="Interpreters.html#Interpreters">Interpreters</a>: Command Interpreters 113<li><a href="TUI.html#TUI">TUI</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> Text User Interface 114<li><a href="Emacs.html#Emacs">Emacs</a>: Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> under <span class="sc">gnu</span> Emacs 115<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">GDB/MI</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s Machine Interface. 116<li><a href="Annotations.html#Annotations">Annotations</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s annotation interface. 117<li><a href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface">JIT Interface</a>: Using the JIT debugging interface. 118 119<li><a href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs">GDB Bugs</a>: Reporting bugs in <span class="sc">gdb</span> 120 121<li><a href="Command-Line-Editing.html#Command-Line-Editing">Command Line Editing</a>: Command Line Editing 122<li><a href="Using-History-Interactively.html#Using-History-Interactively">Using History Interactively</a>: Using History Interactively 123<li><a href="Formatting-Documentation.html#Formatting-Documentation">Formatting Documentation</a>: How to format and print <span class="sc">gdb</span> documentation 124<li><a href="Installing-GDB.html#Installing-GDB">Installing GDB</a>: Installing GDB 125<li><a href="Maintenance-Commands.html#Maintenance-Commands">Maintenance Commands</a>: Maintenance Commands 126<li><a href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol">Remote Protocol</a>: GDB Remote Serial Protocol 127<li><a href="Agent-Expressions.html#Agent-Expressions">Agent Expressions</a>: The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism 128<li><a href="Target-Descriptions.html#Target-Descriptions">Target Descriptions</a>: How targets can describe themselves to 129 <span class="sc">gdb</span> 130<li><a href="Operating-System-Information.html#Operating-System-Information">Operating System Information</a>: Getting additional information from 131 the operating system 132<li><a href="Trace-File-Format.html#Trace-File-Format">Trace File Format</a>: GDB trace file format 133<li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">Copying</a>: GNU General Public License says 134 how you can copy and share GDB 135<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: The license for this documentation 136<li><a href="GDB-Index.html#GDB-Index">GDB Index</a>: Index 137</ul> 138 139<div class="contents"> 140<h2>Table of Contents</h2> 141<ul> 142<li><a name="toc_Top" href="index.html#Top">Debugging with <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 143<li><a name="toc_Summary" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary of <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 144<ul> 145<li><a href="Free-Software.html#Free-Software">Free Software</a> 146<li><a href="Free-Software.html#Free-Software">Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a> 147<li><a href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors to <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 148</li></ul> 149<li><a name="toc_Sample-Session" href="Sample-Session.html#Sample-Session">1 A Sample <span class="sc">gdb</span> Session</a> 150<li><a name="toc_Invocation" href="Invocation.html#Invocation">2 Getting In and Out of <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 151<ul> 152<li><a href="Invoking-GDB.html#Invoking-GDB">2.1 Invoking <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 153<ul> 154<li><a href="File-Options.html#File-Options">2.1.1 Choosing Files</a> 155<li><a href="Mode-Options.html#Mode-Options">2.1.2 Choosing Modes</a> 156<li><a href="Startup.html#Startup">2.1.3 What <span class="sc">gdb</span> Does During Startup</a> 157</li></ul> 158<li><a href="Quitting-GDB.html#Quitting-GDB">2.2 Quitting <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 159<li><a href="Shell-Commands.html#Shell-Commands">2.3 Shell Commands</a> 160<li><a href="Logging-Output.html#Logging-Output">2.4 Logging Output</a> 161</li></ul> 162<li><a name="toc_Commands" href="Commands.html#Commands">3 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Commands</a> 163<ul> 164<li><a href="Command-Syntax.html#Command-Syntax">3.1 Command Syntax</a> 165<li><a href="Completion.html#Completion">3.2 Command Completion</a> 166<li><a href="Help.html#Help">3.3 Getting Help</a> 167</li></ul> 168<li><a name="toc_Running" href="Running.html#Running">4 Running Programs Under <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 169<ul> 170<li><a href="Compilation.html#Compilation">4.1 Compiling for Debugging</a> 171<li><a href="Starting.html#Starting">4.2 Starting your Program</a> 172<li><a href="Arguments.html#Arguments">4.3 Your Program's Arguments</a> 173<li><a href="Environment.html#Environment">4.4 Your Program's Environment</a> 174<li><a href="Working-Directory.html#Working-Directory">4.5 Your Program's Working Directory</a> 175<li><a href="Input_002fOutput.html#Input_002fOutput">4.6 Your Program's Input and Output</a> 176<li><a href="Attach.html#Attach">4.7 Debugging an Already-running Process</a> 177<li><a href="Kill-Process.html#Kill-Process">4.8 Killing the Child Process</a> 178<li><a href="Inferiors-and-Programs.html#Inferiors-and-Programs">4.9 Debugging Multiple Inferiors and Programs</a> 179<li><a href="Threads.html#Threads">4.10 Debugging Programs with Multiple Threads</a> 180<li><a href="Forks.html#Forks">4.11 Debugging Forks</a> 181<li><a href="Checkpoint_002fRestart.html#Checkpoint_002fRestart">4.12 Setting a <em>Bookmark</em> to Return to Later</a> 182<ul> 183<li><a href="Checkpoint_002fRestart.html#Checkpoint_002fRestart">4.12.1 A Non-obvious Benefit of Using Checkpoints</a> 184</li></ul> 185</li></ul> 186<li><a name="toc_Stopping" href="Stopping.html#Stopping">5 Stopping and Continuing</a> 187<ul> 188<li><a href="Breakpoints.html#Breakpoints">5.1 Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Catchpoints</a> 189<ul> 190<li><a href="Set-Breaks.html#Set-Breaks">5.1.1 Setting Breakpoints</a> 191<li><a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints">5.1.2 Setting Watchpoints</a> 192<li><a href="Set-Catchpoints.html#Set-Catchpoints">5.1.3 Setting Catchpoints</a> 193<li><a href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks">5.1.4 Deleting Breakpoints</a> 194<li><a href="Disabling.html#Disabling">5.1.5 Disabling Breakpoints</a> 195<li><a href="Conditions.html#Conditions">5.1.6 Break Conditions</a> 196<li><a href="Break-Commands.html#Break-Commands">5.1.7 Breakpoint Command Lists</a> 197<li><a href="Save-Breakpoints.html#Save-Breakpoints">5.1.8 How to save breakpoints to a file</a> 198<li><a href="Error-in-Breakpoints.html#Error-in-Breakpoints">5.1.9 “Cannot insert breakpoints”</a> 199<li><a href="Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings.html#Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings">5.1.10 “Breakpoint address adjusted...”</a> 200</li></ul> 201<li><a href="Continuing-and-Stepping.html#Continuing-and-Stepping">5.2 Continuing and Stepping</a> 202<li><a href="Signals.html#Signals">5.3 Signals</a> 203<li><a href="Thread-Stops.html#Thread-Stops">5.4 Stopping and Starting Multi-thread Programs</a> 204<ul> 205<li><a href="All_002dStop-Mode.html#All_002dStop-Mode">5.4.1 All-Stop Mode</a> 206<li><a href="Non_002dStop-Mode.html#Non_002dStop-Mode">5.4.2 Non-Stop Mode</a> 207<li><a href="Background-Execution.html#Background-Execution">5.4.3 Background Execution</a> 208<li><a href="Thread_002dSpecific-Breakpoints.html#Thread_002dSpecific-Breakpoints">5.4.4 Thread-Specific Breakpoints</a> 209<li><a href="Interrupted-System-Calls.html#Interrupted-System-Calls">5.4.5 Interrupted System Calls</a> 210<li><a href="Observer-Mode.html#Observer-Mode">5.4.6 Observer Mode</a> 211</li></ul> 212</li></ul> 213<li><a name="toc_Reverse-Execution" href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">6 Running programs backward</a> 214<li><a name="toc_Process-Record-and-Replay" href="Process-Record-and-Replay.html#Process-Record-and-Replay">7 Recording Inferior's Execution and Replaying It</a> 215<li><a name="toc_Stack" href="Stack.html#Stack">8 Examining the Stack</a> 216<ul> 217<li><a href="Frames.html#Frames">8.1 Stack Frames</a> 218<li><a href="Backtrace.html#Backtrace">8.2 Backtraces</a> 219<li><a href="Selection.html#Selection">8.3 Selecting a Frame</a> 220<li><a href="Frame-Info.html#Frame-Info">8.4 Information About a Frame</a> 221</li></ul> 222<li><a name="toc_Source" href="Source.html#Source">9 Examining Source Files</a> 223<ul> 224<li><a href="List.html#List">9.1 Printing Source Lines</a> 225<li><a href="Specify-Location.html#Specify-Location">9.2 Specifying a Location</a> 226<li><a href="Edit.html#Edit">9.3 Editing Source Files</a> 227<ul> 228<li><a href="Edit.html#Edit">9.3.1 Choosing your Editor</a> 229</li></ul> 230<li><a href="Search.html#Search">9.4 Searching Source Files</a> 231<li><a href="Source-Path.html#Source-Path">9.5 Specifying Source Directories</a> 232<li><a href="Machine-Code.html#Machine-Code">9.6 Source and Machine Code</a> 233</li></ul> 234<li><a name="toc_Data" href="Data.html#Data">10 Examining Data</a> 235<ul> 236<li><a href="Expressions.html#Expressions">10.1 Expressions</a> 237<li><a href="Ambiguous-Expressions.html#Ambiguous-Expressions">10.2 Ambiguous Expressions</a> 238<li><a href="Variables.html#Variables">10.3 Program Variables</a> 239<li><a href="Arrays.html#Arrays">10.4 Artificial Arrays</a> 240<li><a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">10.5 Output Formats</a> 241<li><a href="Memory.html#Memory">10.6 Examining Memory</a> 242<li><a href="Auto-Display.html#Auto-Display">10.7 Automatic Display</a> 243<li><a href="Print-Settings.html#Print-Settings">10.8 Print Settings</a> 244<li><a href="Pretty-Printing.html#Pretty-Printing">10.9 Pretty Printing</a> 245<li><a href="Value-History.html#Value-History">10.10 Value History</a> 246<li><a href="Convenience-Vars.html#Convenience-Vars">10.11 Convenience Variables</a> 247<li><a href="Registers.html#Registers">10.12 Registers</a> 248<li><a href="Floating-Point-Hardware.html#Floating-Point-Hardware">10.13 Floating Point Hardware</a> 249<li><a href="Vector-Unit.html#Vector-Unit">10.14 Vector Unit</a> 250<li><a href="OS-Information.html#OS-Information">10.15 Operating System Auxiliary Information</a> 251<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16 Memory Region Attributes</a> 252<ul> 253<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16.1 Attributes</a> 254<ul> 255<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16.1.1 Memory Access Mode</a> 256<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16.1.2 Memory Access Size</a> 257<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16.1.3 Data Cache</a> 258</li></ul> 259<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.16.2 Memory Access Checking</a> 260</li></ul> 261<li><a href="Dump_002fRestore-Files.html#Dump_002fRestore-Files">10.17 Copy Between Memory and a File</a> 262<li><a href="Core-File-Generation.html#Core-File-Generation">10.18 How to Produce a Core File from Your Program</a> 263<li><a href="Character-Sets.html#Character-Sets">10.19 Character Sets</a> 264<li><a href="Caching-Remote-Data.html#Caching-Remote-Data">10.20 Caching Data of Remote Targets</a> 265<li><a href="Searching-Memory.html#Searching-Memory">10.21 Search Memory</a> 266</li></ul> 267<li><a name="toc_Optimized-Code" href="Optimized-Code.html#Optimized-Code">11 Debugging Optimized Code</a> 268<ul> 269<li><a href="Inline-Functions.html#Inline-Functions">11.1 Inline Functions</a> 270</li></ul> 271<li><a name="toc_Macros" href="Macros.html#Macros">12 C Preprocessor Macros</a> 272<li><a name="toc_Tracepoints" href="Tracepoints.html#Tracepoints">13 Tracepoints</a> 273<ul> 274<li><a href="Set-Tracepoints.html#Set-Tracepoints">13.1 Commands to Set Tracepoints</a> 275<ul> 276<li><a href="Create-and-Delete-Tracepoints.html#Create-and-Delete-Tracepoints">13.1.1 Create and Delete Tracepoints</a> 277<li><a href="Enable-and-Disable-Tracepoints.html#Enable-and-Disable-Tracepoints">13.1.2 Enable and Disable Tracepoints</a> 278<li><a href="Tracepoint-Passcounts.html#Tracepoint-Passcounts">13.1.3 Tracepoint Passcounts</a> 279<li><a href="Tracepoint-Conditions.html#Tracepoint-Conditions">13.1.4 Tracepoint Conditions</a> 280<li><a href="Trace-State-Variables.html#Trace-State-Variables">13.1.5 Trace State Variables</a> 281<li><a href="Tracepoint-Actions.html#Tracepoint-Actions">13.1.6 Tracepoint Action Lists</a> 282<li><a href="Listing-Tracepoints.html#Listing-Tracepoints">13.1.7 Listing Tracepoints</a> 283<li><a href="Listing-Static-Tracepoint-Markers.html#Listing-Static-Tracepoint-Markers">13.1.8 Listing Static Tracepoint Markers</a> 284<li><a href="Starting-and-Stopping-Trace-Experiments.html#Starting-and-Stopping-Trace-Experiments">13.1.9 Starting and Stopping Trace Experiments</a> 285<li><a href="Tracepoint-Restrictions.html#Tracepoint-Restrictions">13.1.10 Tracepoint Restrictions</a> 286</li></ul> 287<li><a href="Analyze-Collected-Data.html#Analyze-Collected-Data">13.2 Using the Collected Data</a> 288<ul> 289<li><a href="tfind.html#tfind">13.2.1 <code>tfind </code><var>n</var></a> 290<li><a href="tdump.html#tdump">13.2.2 <code>tdump</code></a> 291<li><a href="save-tracepoints.html#save-tracepoints">13.2.3 <code>save tracepoints </code><var>filename</var></a> 292</li></ul> 293<li><a href="Tracepoint-Variables.html#Tracepoint-Variables">13.3 Convenience Variables for Tracepoints</a> 294<li><a href="Trace-Files.html#Trace-Files">13.4 Using Trace Files</a> 295</li></ul> 296<li><a name="toc_Overlays" href="Overlays.html#Overlays">14 Debugging Programs That Use Overlays</a> 297<ul> 298<li><a href="How-Overlays-Work.html#How-Overlays-Work">14.1 How Overlays Work</a> 299<li><a href="Overlay-Commands.html#Overlay-Commands">14.2 Overlay Commands</a> 300<li><a href="Automatic-Overlay-Debugging.html#Automatic-Overlay-Debugging">14.3 Automatic Overlay Debugging</a> 301<li><a href="Overlay-Sample-Program.html#Overlay-Sample-Program">14.4 Overlay Sample Program</a> 302</li></ul> 303<li><a name="toc_Languages" href="Languages.html#Languages">15 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with Different Languages</a> 304<ul> 305<li><a href="Setting.html#Setting">15.1 Switching Between Source Languages</a> 306<ul> 307<li><a href="Filenames.html#Filenames">15.1.1 List of Filename Extensions and Languages</a> 308<li><a href="Manually.html#Manually">15.1.2 Setting the Working Language</a> 309<li><a href="Automatically.html#Automatically">15.1.3 Having <span class="sc">gdb</span> Infer the Source Language</a> 310</li></ul> 311<li><a href="Show.html#Show">15.2 Displaying the Language</a> 312<li><a href="Checks.html#Checks">15.3 Type and Range Checking</a> 313<ul> 314<li><a href="Type-Checking.html#Type-Checking">15.3.1 An Overview of Type Checking</a> 315<li><a href="Range-Checking.html#Range-Checking">15.3.2 An Overview of Range Checking</a> 316</li></ul> 317<li><a href="Supported-Languages.html#Supported-Languages">15.4 Supported Languages</a> 318<ul> 319<li><a href="C.html#C">15.4.1 C and C<tt>++</tt></a> 320<ul> 321<li><a href="C-Operators.html#C-Operators">15.4.1.1 C and C<tt>++</tt> Operators</a> 322<li><a href="C-Constants.html#C-Constants">15.4.1.2 C and C<tt>++</tt> Constants</a> 323<li><a href="C-Plus-Plus-Expressions.html#C-Plus-Plus-Expressions">15.4.1.3 C<tt>++</tt> Expressions</a> 324<li><a href="C-Defaults.html#C-Defaults">15.4.1.4 C and C<tt>++</tt> Defaults</a> 325<li><a href="C-Checks.html#C-Checks">15.4.1.5 C and C<tt>++</tt> Type and Range Checks</a> 326<li><a href="Debugging-C.html#Debugging-C">15.4.1.6 <span class="sc">gdb</span> and C</a> 327<li><a href="Debugging-C-Plus-Plus.html#Debugging-C-Plus-Plus">15.4.1.7 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Features for C<tt>++</tt></a> 328<li><a href="Decimal-Floating-Point.html#Decimal-Floating-Point">15.4.1.8 Decimal Floating Point format</a> 329</li></ul> 330<li><a href="D.html#D">15.4.2 D</a> 331<li><a href="Objective_002dC.html#Objective_002dC">15.4.3 Objective-C</a> 332<ul> 333<li><a href="Method-Names-in-Commands.html#Method-Names-in-Commands">15.4.3.1 Method Names in Commands</a> 334<li><a href="The-Print-Command-with-Objective_002dC.html#The-Print-Command-with-Objective_002dC">15.4.3.2 The Print Command With Objective-C</a> 335</li></ul> 336<li><a href="Fortran.html#Fortran">15.4.4 Fortran</a> 337<ul> 338<li><a href="Fortran-Operators.html#Fortran-Operators">15.4.4.1 Fortran Operators and Expressions</a> 339<li><a href="Fortran-Defaults.html#Fortran-Defaults">15.4.4.2 Fortran Defaults</a> 340<li><a href="Special-Fortran-Commands.html#Special-Fortran-Commands">15.4.4.3 Special Fortran Commands</a> 341</li></ul> 342<li><a href="Pascal.html#Pascal">15.4.5 Pascal</a> 343<li><a href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2">15.4.6 Modula-2</a> 344<ul> 345<li><a href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators">15.4.6.1 Operators</a> 346<li><a href="Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc.html#Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc">15.4.6.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures</a> 347<li><a href="M2-Constants.html#M2-Constants">15.4.6.3 Constants</a> 348<li><a href="M2-Types.html#M2-Types">15.4.6.4 Modula-2 Types</a> 349<li><a href="M2-Defaults.html#M2-Defaults">15.4.6.5 Modula-2 Defaults</a> 350<li><a href="Deviations.html#Deviations">15.4.6.6 Deviations from Standard Modula-2</a> 351<li><a href="M2-Checks.html#M2-Checks">15.4.6.7 Modula-2 Type and Range Checks</a> 352<li><a href="M2-Scope.html#M2-Scope">15.4.6.8 The Scope Operators <code>::</code> and <code>.</code></a> 353<li><a href="GDB_002fM2.html#GDB_002fM2">15.4.6.9 <span class="sc">gdb</span> and Modula-2</a> 354</li></ul> 355<li><a href="Ada.html#Ada">15.4.7 Ada</a> 356<ul> 357<li><a href="Ada-Mode-Intro.html#Ada-Mode-Intro">15.4.7.1 Introduction</a> 358<li><a href="Omissions-from-Ada.html#Omissions-from-Ada">15.4.7.2 Omissions from Ada</a> 359<li><a href="Additions-to-Ada.html#Additions-to-Ada">15.4.7.3 Additions to Ada</a> 360<li><a href="Stopping-Before-Main-Program.html#Stopping-Before-Main-Program">15.4.7.4 Stopping at the Very Beginning</a> 361<li><a href="Ada-Tasks.html#Ada-Tasks">15.4.7.5 Extensions for Ada Tasks</a> 362<li><a href="Ada-Tasks-and-Core-Files.html#Ada-Tasks-and-Core-Files">15.4.7.6 Tasking Support when Debugging Core Files</a> 363<li><a href="Ada-Glitches.html#Ada-Glitches">15.4.7.7 Known Peculiarities of Ada Mode</a> 364</li></ul> 365</li></ul> 366<li><a href="Unsupported-Languages.html#Unsupported-Languages">15.5 Unsupported Languages</a> 367</li></ul> 368<li><a name="toc_Symbols" href="Symbols.html#Symbols">16 Examining the Symbol Table</a> 369<li><a name="toc_Altering" href="Altering.html#Altering">17 Altering Execution</a> 370<ul> 371<li><a href="Assignment.html#Assignment">17.1 Assignment to Variables</a> 372<li><a href="Jumping.html#Jumping">17.2 Continuing at a Different Address</a> 373<li><a href="Signaling.html#Signaling">17.3 Giving your Program a Signal</a> 374<li><a href="Returning.html#Returning">17.4 Returning from a Function</a> 375<li><a href="Calling.html#Calling">17.5 Calling Program Functions</a> 376<li><a href="Patching.html#Patching">17.6 Patching Programs</a> 377</li></ul> 378<li><a name="toc_GDB-Files" href="GDB-Files.html#GDB-Files">18 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Files</a> 379<ul> 380<li><a href="Files.html#Files">18.1 Commands to Specify Files</a> 381<li><a href="Separate-Debug-Files.html#Separate-Debug-Files">18.2 Debugging Information in Separate Files</a> 382<li><a href="Index-Files.html#Index-Files">18.3 Index Files Speed Up <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 383<li><a href="Symbol-Errors.html#Symbol-Errors">18.4 Errors Reading Symbol Files</a> 384<li><a href="Data-Files.html#Data-Files">18.5 GDB Data Files</a> 385</li></ul> 386<li><a name="toc_Targets" href="Targets.html#Targets">19 Specifying a Debugging Target</a> 387<ul> 388<li><a href="Active-Targets.html#Active-Targets">19.1 Active Targets</a> 389<li><a href="Target-Commands.html#Target-Commands">19.2 Commands for Managing Targets</a> 390<li><a href="Byte-Order.html#Byte-Order">19.3 Choosing Target Byte Order</a> 391</li></ul> 392<li><a name="toc_Remote-Debugging" href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">20 Debugging Remote Programs</a> 393<ul> 394<li><a href="Connecting.html#Connecting">20.1 Connecting to a Remote Target</a> 395<li><a href="File-Transfer.html#File-Transfer">20.2 Sending files to a remote system</a> 396<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3 Using the <code>gdbserver</code> Program</a> 397<ul> 398<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1 Running <code>gdbserver</code></a> 399<ul> 400<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.1 Attaching to a Running Program</a> 401<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.2 Multi-Process Mode for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 402<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.3 Other Command-Line Arguments for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 403</li></ul> 404<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.2 Connecting to <code>gdbserver</code></a> 405<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.3 Monitor Commands for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 406<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.4 Tracepoints support in <code>gdbserver</code></a> 407</li></ul> 408<li><a href="Remote-Configuration.html#Remote-Configuration">20.4 Remote Configuration</a> 409<li><a href="Remote-Stub.html#Remote-Stub">20.5 Implementing a Remote Stub</a> 410<ul> 411<li><a href="Stub-Contents.html#Stub-Contents">20.5.1 What the Stub Can Do for You</a> 412<li><a href="Bootstrapping.html#Bootstrapping">20.5.2 What You Must Do for the Stub</a> 413<li><a href="Debug-Session.html#Debug-Session">20.5.3 Putting it All Together</a> 414</li></ul> 415</li></ul> 416<li><a name="toc_Configurations" href="Configurations.html#Configurations">21 Configuration-Specific Information</a> 417<ul> 418<li><a href="Native.html#Native">21.1 Native</a> 419<ul> 420<li><a href="HP_002dUX.html#HP_002dUX">21.1.1 HP-UX</a> 421<li><a href="BSD-libkvm-Interface.html#BSD-libkvm-Interface">21.1.2 BSD libkvm Interface</a> 422<li><a href="SVR4-Process-Information.html#SVR4-Process-Information">21.1.3 SVR4 Process Information</a> 423<li><a href="DJGPP-Native.html#DJGPP-Native">21.1.4 Features for Debugging <span class="sc">djgpp</span> Programs</a> 424<li><a href="Cygwin-Native.html#Cygwin-Native">21.1.5 Features for Debugging MS Windows PE Executables</a> 425<ul> 426<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.1 Support for DLLs without Debugging Symbols</a> 427<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.2 DLL Name Prefixes</a> 428<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.3 Working with Minimal Symbols</a> 429</li></ul> 430<li><a href="Hurd-Native.html#Hurd-Native">21.1.6 Commands Specific to <span class="sc">gnu</span> Hurd Systems</a> 431<li><a href="Neutrino.html#Neutrino">21.1.7 QNX Neutrino</a> 432<li><a href="Darwin.html#Darwin">21.1.8 Darwin</a> 433</li></ul> 434<li><a href="Embedded-OS.html#Embedded-OS">21.2 Embedded Operating Systems</a> 435<ul> 436<li><a href="VxWorks.html#VxWorks">21.2.1 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with VxWorks</a> 437<ul> 438<li><a href="VxWorks-Connection.html#VxWorks-Connection">21.2.1.1 Connecting to VxWorks</a> 439<li><a href="VxWorks-Download.html#VxWorks-Download">21.2.1.2 VxWorks Download</a> 440<li><a href="VxWorks-Attach.html#VxWorks-Attach">21.2.1.3 Running Tasks</a> 441</li></ul> 442</li></ul> 443<li><a href="Embedded-Processors.html#Embedded-Processors">21.3 Embedded Processors</a> 444<ul> 445<li><a href="ARM.html#ARM">21.3.1 ARM</a> 446<li><a href="M32R_002fD.html#M32R_002fD">21.3.2 Renesas M32R/D and M32R/SDI</a> 447<li><a href="M68K.html#M68K">21.3.3 M68k</a> 448<li><a href="MicroBlaze.html#MicroBlaze">21.3.4 MicroBlaze</a> 449<li><a href="MIPS-Embedded.html#MIPS-Embedded">21.3.5 MIPS Embedded</a> 450<li><a href="OpenRISC-1000.html#OpenRISC-1000">21.3.6 OpenRISC 1000</a> 451<li><a href="PowerPC-Embedded.html#PowerPC-Embedded">21.3.7 PowerPC Embedded</a> 452<li><a href="PA.html#PA">21.3.8 HP PA Embedded</a> 453<li><a href="Sparclet.html#Sparclet">21.3.9 Tsqware Sparclet</a> 454<ul> 455<li><a href="Sparclet-File.html#Sparclet-File">21.3.9.1 Setting File to Debug</a> 456<li><a href="Sparclet-Connection.html#Sparclet-Connection">21.3.9.2 Connecting to Sparclet</a> 457<li><a href="Sparclet-Download.html#Sparclet-Download">21.3.9.3 Sparclet Download</a> 458<li><a href="Sparclet-Execution.html#Sparclet-Execution">21.3.9.4 Running and Debugging</a> 459</li></ul> 460<li><a href="Sparclite.html#Sparclite">21.3.10 Fujitsu Sparclite</a> 461<li><a href="Z8000.html#Z8000">21.3.11 Zilog Z8000</a> 462<li><a href="AVR.html#AVR">21.3.12 Atmel AVR</a> 463<li><a href="CRIS.html#CRIS">21.3.13 CRIS</a> 464<li><a href="Super_002dH.html#Super_002dH">21.3.14 Renesas Super-H</a> 465</li></ul> 466<li><a href="Architectures.html#Architectures">21.4 Architectures</a> 467<ul> 468<li><a href="i386.html#i386">21.4.1 x86 Architecture-specific Issues</a> 469<li><a href="A29K.html#A29K">21.4.2 A29K</a> 470<li><a href="Alpha.html#Alpha">21.4.3 Alpha</a> 471<li><a href="MIPS.html#MIPS">21.4.4 MIPS</a> 472<li><a href="HPPA.html#HPPA">21.4.5 HPPA</a> 473<li><a href="SPU.html#SPU">21.4.6 Cell Broadband Engine SPU architecture</a> 474<li><a href="PowerPC.html#PowerPC">21.4.7 PowerPC</a> 475</li></ul> 476</li></ul> 477<li><a name="toc_Controlling-GDB" href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB">22 Controlling <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 478<ul> 479<li><a href="Prompt.html#Prompt">22.1 Prompt</a> 480<li><a href="Editing.html#Editing">22.2 Command Editing</a> 481<li><a href="Command-History.html#Command-History">22.3 Command History</a> 482<li><a href="Screen-Size.html#Screen-Size">22.4 Screen Size</a> 483<li><a href="Numbers.html#Numbers">22.5 Numbers</a> 484<li><a href="ABI.html#ABI">22.6 Configuring the Current ABI</a> 485<li><a href="Messages_002fWarnings.html#Messages_002fWarnings">22.7 Optional Warnings and Messages</a> 486<li><a href="Debugging-Output.html#Debugging-Output">22.8 Optional Messages about Internal Happenings</a> 487<li><a href="Other-Misc-Settings.html#Other-Misc-Settings">22.9 Other Miscellaneous Settings</a> 488</li></ul> 489<li><a name="toc_Extending-GDB" href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB">23 Extending <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 490<ul> 491<li><a href="Sequences.html#Sequences">23.1 Canned Sequences of Commands</a> 492<ul> 493<li><a href="Define.html#Define">23.1.1 User-defined Commands</a> 494<li><a href="Hooks.html#Hooks">23.1.2 User-defined Command Hooks</a> 495<li><a href="Command-Files.html#Command-Files">23.1.3 Command Files</a> 496<li><a href="Output.html#Output">23.1.4 Commands for Controlled Output</a> 497</li></ul> 498<li><a href="Python.html#Python">23.2 Scripting <span class="sc">gdb</span> using Python</a> 499<ul> 500<li><a href="Python-Commands.html#Python-Commands">23.2.1 Python Commands</a> 501<li><a href="Python-API.html#Python-API">23.2.2 Python API</a> 502<ul> 503<li><a href="Basic-Python.html#Basic-Python">23.2.2.1 Basic Python</a> 504<li><a href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">23.2.2.2 Exception Handling</a> 505<li><a href="Values-From-Inferior.html#Values-From-Inferior">23.2.2.3 Values From Inferior</a> 506<li><a href="Types-In-Python.html#Types-In-Python">23.2.2.4 Types In Python</a> 507<li><a href="Pretty-Printing-API.html#Pretty-Printing-API">23.2.2.5 Pretty Printing API</a> 508<li><a href="Selecting-Pretty_002dPrinters.html#Selecting-Pretty_002dPrinters">23.2.2.6 Selecting Pretty-Printers</a> 509<li><a href="Disabling-Pretty_002dPrinters.html#Disabling-Pretty_002dPrinters">23.2.2.7 Disabling Pretty-Printers</a> 510<li><a href="Inferiors-In-Python.html#Inferiors-In-Python">23.2.2.8 Inferiors In Python</a> 511<li><a href="Threads-In-Python.html#Threads-In-Python">23.2.2.9 Threads In Python</a> 512<li><a href="Commands-In-Python.html#Commands-In-Python">23.2.2.10 Commands In Python</a> 513<li><a href="Parameters-In-Python.html#Parameters-In-Python">23.2.2.11 Parameters In Python</a> 514<li><a href="Functions-In-Python.html#Functions-In-Python">23.2.2.12 Writing new convenience functions</a> 515<li><a href="Progspaces-In-Python.html#Progspaces-In-Python">23.2.2.13 Program Spaces In Python</a> 516<li><a href="Objfiles-In-Python.html#Objfiles-In-Python">23.2.2.14 Objfiles In Python</a> 517<li><a href="Frames-In-Python.html#Frames-In-Python">23.2.2.15 Accessing inferior stack frames from Python.</a> 518<li><a href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">23.2.2.16 Accessing frame blocks from Python.</a> 519<li><a href="Symbols-In-Python.html#Symbols-In-Python">23.2.2.17 Python representation of Symbols.</a> 520<li><a href="Symbol-Tables-In-Python.html#Symbol-Tables-In-Python">23.2.2.18 Symbol table representation in Python.</a> 521<li><a href="Breakpoints-In-Python.html#Breakpoints-In-Python">23.2.2.19 Manipulating breakpoints using Python</a> 522<li><a href="Lazy-Strings-In-Python.html#Lazy-Strings-In-Python">23.2.2.20 Python representation of lazy strings.</a> 523</li></ul> 524<li><a href="Auto_002dloading.html#Auto_002dloading">23.2.3 Auto-loading</a> 525<ul> 526<li><a href="objfile_002dgdb_002epy-file.html#objfile_002dgdb_002epy-file">23.2.3.1 The <samp><var>objfile</var><span class="file">-gdb.py</span></samp> file</a> 527<li><a href="_002edebug_005fgdb_005fscripts-section.html#_002edebug_005fgdb_005fscripts-section">23.2.3.2 The <code>.debug_gdb_scripts</code> section</a> 528<li><a href="Which-flavor-to-choose_003f.html#Which-flavor-to-choose_003f">23.2.3.3 Which flavor to choose?</a> 529</li></ul> 530</li></ul> 531</li></ul> 532<li><a name="toc_Interpreters" href="Interpreters.html#Interpreters">24 Command Interpreters</a> 533<li><a name="toc_TUI" href="TUI.html#TUI">25 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Text User Interface</a> 534<ul> 535<li><a href="TUI-Overview.html#TUI-Overview">25.1 TUI Overview</a> 536<li><a href="TUI-Keys.html#TUI-Keys">25.2 TUI Key Bindings</a> 537<li><a href="TUI-Single-Key-Mode.html#TUI-Single-Key-Mode">25.3 TUI Single Key Mode</a> 538<li><a href="TUI-Commands.html#TUI-Commands">25.4 TUI-specific Commands</a> 539<li><a href="TUI-Configuration.html#TUI-Configuration">25.5 TUI Configuration Variables</a> 540</li></ul> 541<li><a name="toc_Emacs" href="Emacs.html#Emacs">26 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> under <span class="sc">gnu</span> Emacs</a> 542<li><a name="toc_GDB_002fMI" href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">27 The <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Interface</a> 543<ul> 544<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">Function and Purpose</a> 545<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">Notation and Terminology</a> 546<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-General-Design.html#GDB_002fMI-General-Design">27.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> General Design</a> 547<ul> 548<li><a href="Context-management.html#Context-management">27.1.1 Context management</a> 549<li><a href="Asynchronous-and-non_002dstop-modes.html#Asynchronous-and-non_002dstop-modes">27.1.2 Asynchronous command execution and non-stop mode</a> 550<li><a href="Thread-groups.html#Thread-groups">27.1.3 Thread groups</a> 551</li></ul> 552<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax">27.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Command Syntax</a> 553<ul> 554<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Input-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Input-Syntax">27.2.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Input Syntax</a> 555<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Output-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Output-Syntax">27.2.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Output Syntax</a> 556</li></ul> 557<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Compatibility-with-CLI.html#GDB_002fMI-Compatibility-with-CLI">27.3 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Compatibility with CLI</a> 558<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Development-and-Front-Ends.html#GDB_002fMI-Development-and-Front-Ends">27.4 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Development and Front Ends</a> 559<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Output-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Output-Records">27.5 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Output Records</a> 560<ul> 561<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Result-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Result-Records">27.5.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Result Records</a> 562<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Stream-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Stream-Records">27.5.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Stream Records</a> 563<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Async-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Async-Records">27.5.3 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Async Records</a> 564<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Frame-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Frame-Information">27.5.4 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Frame Information</a> 565<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Thread-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Thread-Information">27.5.5 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Thread Information</a> 566</li></ul> 567<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Simple-Examples.html#GDB_002fMI-Simple-Examples">27.6 Simple Examples of <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Interaction</a> 568<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Description-Format.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Description-Format">27.7 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Command Description Format</a> 569<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Commands">27.8 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Breakpoint Commands</a> 570<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Program-Context.html#GDB_002fMI-Program-Context">27.9 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Program Context</a> 571<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Thread-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Thread-Commands">27.10 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Thread Commands</a> 572<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Program-Execution.html#GDB_002fMI-Program-Execution">27.11 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Program Execution</a> 573<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Stack-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Stack-Manipulation">27.12 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Stack Manipulation Commands</a> 574<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects">27.13 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Variable Objects</a> 575<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation">27.14 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Data Manipulation</a> 576<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands">27.15 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Tracepoint Commands</a> 577<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Symbol-Query.html#GDB_002fMI-Symbol-Query">27.16 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Symbol Query Commands</a> 578<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-File-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-File-Commands">27.17 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> File Commands</a> 579<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Target-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Target-Manipulation">27.18 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Target Manipulation Commands</a> 580<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-File-Transfer-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-File-Transfer-Commands">27.19 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> File Transfer Commands</a> 581<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Miscellaneous-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Miscellaneous-Commands">27.20 Miscellaneous <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Commands</a> 582</li></ul> 583<li><a name="toc_Annotations" href="Annotations.html#Annotations">28 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Annotations</a> 584<ul> 585<li><a href="Annotations-Overview.html#Annotations-Overview">28.1 What is an Annotation?</a> 586<li><a href="Server-Prefix.html#Server-Prefix">28.2 The Server Prefix</a> 587<li><a href="Prompting.html#Prompting">28.3 Annotation for <span class="sc">gdb</span> Input</a> 588<li><a href="Errors.html#Errors">28.4 Errors</a> 589<li><a href="Invalidation.html#Invalidation">28.5 Invalidation Notices</a> 590<li><a href="Annotations-for-Running.html#Annotations-for-Running">28.6 Running the Program</a> 591<li><a href="Source-Annotations.html#Source-Annotations">28.7 Displaying Source</a> 592</li></ul> 593<li><a name="toc_JIT-Interface" href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface">29 JIT Compilation Interface</a> 594<ul> 595<li><a href="Declarations.html#Declarations">29.1 JIT Declarations</a> 596<li><a href="Registering-Code.html#Registering-Code">29.2 Registering Code</a> 597<li><a href="Unregistering-Code.html#Unregistering-Code">29.3 Unregistering Code</a> 598</li></ul> 599<li><a name="toc_GDB-Bugs" href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs">30 Reporting Bugs in <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 600<ul> 601<li><a href="Bug-Criteria.html#Bug-Criteria">30.1 Have You Found a Bug?</a> 602<li><a href="Bug-Reporting.html#Bug-Reporting">30.2 How to Report Bugs</a> 603</li></ul> 604<li><a name="toc_Command-Line-Editing" href="Command-Line-Editing.html#Command-Line-Editing">31 Command Line Editing</a> 605<ul> 606<li><a href="Introduction-and-Notation.html#Introduction-and-Notation">31.1 Introduction to Line Editing</a> 607<li><a href="Readline-Interaction.html#Readline-Interaction">31.2 Readline Interaction</a> 608<ul> 609<li><a href="Readline-Bare-Essentials.html#Readline-Bare-Essentials">31.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</a> 610<li><a href="Readline-Movement-Commands.html#Readline-Movement-Commands">31.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</a> 611<li><a href="Readline-Killing-Commands.html#Readline-Killing-Commands">31.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</a> 612<li><a href="Readline-Arguments.html#Readline-Arguments">31.2.4 Readline Arguments</a> 613<li><a href="Searching.html#Searching">31.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</a> 614</li></ul> 615<li><a href="Readline-Init-File.html#Readline-Init-File">31.3 Readline Init File</a> 616<ul> 617<li><a href="Readline-Init-File-Syntax.html#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">31.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</a> 618<li><a href="Conditional-Init-Constructs.html#Conditional-Init-Constructs">31.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</a> 619<li><a href="Sample-Init-File.html#Sample-Init-File">31.3.3 Sample Init File</a> 620</li></ul> 621<li><a href="Bindable-Readline-Commands.html#Bindable-Readline-Commands">31.4 Bindable Readline Commands</a> 622<ul> 623<li><a href="Commands-For-Moving.html#Commands-For-Moving">31.4.1 Commands For Moving</a> 624<li><a href="Commands-For-History.html#Commands-For-History">31.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</a> 625<li><a href="Commands-For-Text.html#Commands-For-Text">31.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</a> 626<li><a href="Commands-For-Killing.html#Commands-For-Killing">31.4.4 Killing And Yanking</a> 627<li><a href="Numeric-Arguments.html#Numeric-Arguments">31.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</a> 628<li><a href="Commands-For-Completion.html#Commands-For-Completion">31.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</a> 629<li><a href="Keyboard-Macros.html#Keyboard-Macros">31.4.7 Keyboard Macros</a> 630<li><a href="Miscellaneous-Commands.html#Miscellaneous-Commands">31.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</a> 631</li></ul> 632<li><a href="Readline-vi-Mode.html#Readline-vi-Mode">31.5 Readline vi Mode</a> 633</li></ul> 634<li><a name="toc_Using-History-Interactively" href="Using-History-Interactively.html#Using-History-Interactively">32 Using History Interactively</a> 635<ul> 636<li><a href="History-Interaction.html#History-Interaction">32.1 History Expansion</a> 637<ul> 638<li><a href="Event-Designators.html#Event-Designators">32.1.1 Event Designators</a> 639<li><a href="Word-Designators.html#Word-Designators">32.1.2 Word Designators</a> 640<li><a href="Modifiers.html#Modifiers">32.1.3 Modifiers</a> 641</li></ul> 642</li></ul> 643<li><a name="toc_Formatting-Documentation" href="Formatting-Documentation.html#Formatting-Documentation">Appendix A Formatting Documentation</a> 644<li><a name="toc_Installing-GDB" href="Installing-GDB.html#Installing-GDB">Appendix B Installing <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 645<ul> 646<li><a href="Requirements.html#Requirements">B.1 Requirements for Building <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 647<li><a href="Running-Configure.html#Running-Configure">B.2 Invoking the <span class="sc">gdb</span> <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> Script</a> 648<li><a href="Separate-Objdir.html#Separate-Objdir">B.3 Compiling <span class="sc">gdb</span> in Another Directory</a> 649<li><a href="Config-Names.html#Config-Names">B.4 Specifying Names for Hosts and Targets</a> 650<li><a href="Configure-Options.html#Configure-Options">B.5 <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> Options</a> 651<li><a href="System_002dwide-configuration.html#System_002dwide-configuration">B.6 System-wide configuration and settings</a> 652</li></ul> 653<li><a name="toc_Maintenance-Commands" href="Maintenance-Commands.html#Maintenance-Commands">Appendix C Maintenance Commands</a> 654<li><a name="toc_Remote-Protocol" href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol">Appendix D <span class="sc">gdb</span> Remote Serial Protocol</a> 655<ul> 656<li><a href="Overview.html#Overview">D.1 Overview</a> 657<li><a href="Standard-Replies.html#Standard-Replies">D.2 Standard Replies</a> 658<li><a href="Packets.html#Packets">D.3 Packets</a> 659<li><a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">D.4 Stop Reply Packets</a> 660<li><a href="General-Query-Packets.html#General-Query-Packets">D.5 General Query Packets</a> 661<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6 Architecture-Specific Protocol Details</a> 662<ul> 663<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6.1 ARM</a> 664<ul> 665<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6.1.1 Breakpoint Kinds</a> 666</li></ul> 667<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6.2 MIPS</a> 668<ul> 669<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6.2.1 Register Packet Format</a> 670<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">D.6.2.2 Breakpoint Kinds</a> 671</li></ul> 672</li></ul> 673<li><a href="Tracepoint-Packets.html#Tracepoint-Packets">D.7 Tracepoint Packets</a> 674<ul> 675<li><a href="Tracepoint-Packets.html#Tracepoint-Packets">D.7.1 Relocate instruction reply packet</a> 676</li></ul> 677<li><a href="Host-I_002fO-Packets.html#Host-I_002fO-Packets">D.8 Host I/O Packets</a> 678<li><a href="Interrupts.html#Interrupts">D.9 Interrupts</a> 679<li><a href="Notification-Packets.html#Notification-Packets">D.10 Notification Packets</a> 680<li><a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">D.11 Remote Protocol Support for Non-Stop Mode</a> 681<li><a href="Packet-Acknowledgment.html#Packet-Acknowledgment">D.12 Packet Acknowledgment</a> 682<li><a href="Examples.html#Examples">D.13 Examples</a> 683<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension.html#File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension">D.14 File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension</a> 684<ul> 685<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Overview.html#File_002dI_002fO-Overview">D.14.1 File-I/O Overview</a> 686<li><a href="Protocol-Basics.html#Protocol-Basics">D.14.2 Protocol Basics</a> 687<li><a href="The-F-Request-Packet.html#The-F-Request-Packet">D.14.3 The <code>F</code> Request Packet</a> 688<li><a href="The-F-Reply-Packet.html#The-F-Reply-Packet">D.14.4 The <code>F</code> Reply Packet</a> 689<li><a href="The-Ctrl_002dC-Message.html#The-Ctrl_002dC-Message">D.14.5 The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Ctrl-C</span></samp>’ Message</a> 690<li><a href="Console-I_002fO.html#Console-I_002fO">D.14.6 Console I/O</a> 691<li><a href="List-of-Supported-Calls.html#List-of-Supported-Calls">D.14.7 List of Supported Calls</a> 692<ul> 693<li><a href="open.html#open">open</a> 694<li><a href="close.html#close">close</a> 695<li><a href="read.html#read">read</a> 696<li><a href="write.html#write">write</a> 697<li><a href="lseek.html#lseek">lseek</a> 698<li><a href="rename.html#rename">rename</a> 699<li><a href="unlink.html#unlink">unlink</a> 700<li><a href="stat_002ffstat.html#stat_002ffstat">stat/fstat</a> 701<li><a href="gettimeofday.html#gettimeofday">gettimeofday</a> 702<li><a href="isatty.html#isatty">isatty</a> 703<li><a href="system.html#system">system</a> 704</li></ul> 705<li><a href="Protocol_002dspecific-Representation-of-Datatypes.html#Protocol_002dspecific-Representation-of-Datatypes">D.14.8 Protocol-specific Representation of Datatypes</a> 706<ul> 707<li><a href="Integral-Datatypes.html#Integral-Datatypes">Integral Datatypes</a> 708<li><a href="Pointer-Values.html#Pointer-Values">Pointer Values</a> 709<li><a href="Memory-Transfer.html#Memory-Transfer">Memory Transfer</a> 710<li><a href="struct-stat.html#struct-stat">struct stat</a> 711<li><a href="struct-timeval.html#struct-timeval">struct timeval</a> 712</li></ul> 713<li><a href="Constants.html#Constants">D.14.9 Constants</a> 714<ul> 715<li><a href="Open-Flags.html#Open-Flags">Open Flags</a> 716<li><a href="mode_005ft-Values.html#mode_005ft-Values">mode_t Values</a> 717<li><a href="Errno-Values.html#Errno-Values">Errno Values</a> 718<li><a href="Lseek-Flags.html#Lseek-Flags">Lseek Flags</a> 719<li><a href="Limits.html#Limits">Limits</a> 720</li></ul> 721<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Examples.html#File_002dI_002fO-Examples">D.14.10 File-I/O Examples</a> 722</li></ul> 723<li><a href="Library-List-Format.html#Library-List-Format">D.15 Library List Format</a> 724<li><a href="Memory-Map-Format.html#Memory-Map-Format">D.16 Memory Map Format</a> 725<li><a href="Thread-List-Format.html#Thread-List-Format">D.17 Thread List Format</a> 726</li></ul> 727<li><a name="toc_Agent-Expressions" href="Agent-Expressions.html#Agent-Expressions">Appendix E The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism</a> 728<ul> 729<li><a href="General-Bytecode-Design.html#General-Bytecode-Design">E.1 General Bytecode Design</a> 730<li><a href="Bytecode-Descriptions.html#Bytecode-Descriptions">E.2 Bytecode Descriptions</a> 731<li><a href="Using-Agent-Expressions.html#Using-Agent-Expressions">E.3 Using Agent Expressions</a> 732<li><a href="Varying-Target-Capabilities.html#Varying-Target-Capabilities">E.4 Varying Target Capabilities</a> 733<li><a href="Rationale.html#Rationale">E.5 Rationale</a> 734</li></ul> 735<li><a name="toc_Trace-File-Format" href="Trace-File-Format.html#Trace-File-Format">Appendix F Trace File Format</a> 736<li><a name="toc_Target-Descriptions" href="Target-Descriptions.html#Target-Descriptions">Appendix G Target Descriptions</a> 737<ul> 738<li><a href="Retrieving-Descriptions.html#Retrieving-Descriptions">G.1 Retrieving Descriptions</a> 739<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2 Target Description Format</a> 740<ul> 741<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.1 Inclusion</a> 742<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.2 Architecture</a> 743<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.3 OS ABI</a> 744<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.4 Compatible Architecture</a> 745<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.5 Features</a> 746<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.6 Types</a> 747<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.7 Registers</a> 748</li></ul> 749<li><a href="Predefined-Target-Types.html#Predefined-Target-Types">G.3 Predefined Target Types</a> 750<li><a href="Standard-Target-Features.html#Standard-Target-Features">G.4 Standard Target Features</a> 751<ul> 752<li><a href="ARM-Features.html#ARM-Features">G.4.1 ARM Features</a> 753<li><a href="i386-Features.html#i386-Features">G.4.2 i386 Features</a> 754<li><a href="MIPS-Features.html#MIPS-Features">G.4.3 MIPS Features</a> 755<li><a href="M68K-Features.html#M68K-Features">G.4.4 M68K Features</a> 756<li><a href="PowerPC-Features.html#PowerPC-Features">G.4.5 PowerPC Features</a> 757</li></ul> 758</li></ul> 759<li><a name="toc_Operating-System-Information" href="Operating-System-Information.html#Operating-System-Information">Appendix H Operating System Information</a> 760<ul> 761<li><a href="Process-list.html#Process-list">H.1 Process list</a> 762</li></ul> 763<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="Copying.html#Copying">Appendix I GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> 764<li><a name="toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix J GNU Free Documentation License</a> 765<li><a name="toc_GDB-Index" href="GDB-Index.html#GDB-Index">GDB Index</a> 766</li></ul> 767</div> 768 769 </body></html> 770 771