use restrict everywhere it's required by c99 and/or posix 2008

to deal with the fact that the public headers may be used with pre-c99
compilers, __restrict is used in place of restrict, and defined
appropriately for any supported compiler. we also avoid the form
[restrict] since older versions of gcc rejected it due to a bug in the
original c99 standard, and instead use the form *restrict.

trivial optimization to printf: avoid wasted call frame

amusingly, this cuts more than 10% off the run time of printf("a"); on
the machine i tested it on.

sadly the same optimization is not possible for snprintf without
duplicating all the pseudo-FILE setup code, which is not worth it.

initial check-in, version 0.5.0